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W DNФT JT HJWFO CZ UIF SVMF W Ҳ  Ҭ  TJO 

B %FUFSNJOF UIF JOJUJBM TQFFE PG UIF XFJHIU
C $BMDVMBUF UIF FYBDU WBMVF PG UIF TQFFE PG UIF XFJHIU BGUFS
 TFDPOET
D $BMDVMBUF UIF FYBDU WBMVF PG UIF TQFFE PG UIF XFJHIU BGUFS
 TFDPOET
 5IF IFJHIU I (U) NFUSFT UIBU UIF XBUFS SFBDIFT VQ UIF TJEF PG UIF CBOL
PG UIF #SJTCBOF SJWFS JT EFUFSNJOFE CZ UIF SVMF
( )
྾U
I (U) Ҳ М DPT Ҭ М

XIFSF U JT UIF OVNCFS PG IPVST BGUFS  BN

'JOE UIF IFJHIU PG UIF XBUFS VQ UIF TJEF PG UIF CBOL BU UIF GPMMPXJOH UJNFT HJWJOH ZPVS BOTXFST JO FYBDU
GPSN
B  BN C  QN D  QN

 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

 3FWJFX PG TPMWJOH USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT XJUI
BOE XJUIPVU UIF VTF PG UFDIOPMPHZ
5SJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT JOWPMWF XPSLJOH XJUI UIF TQFDJBM BOHMFT UIBU IBWF FYBDU WBMVFT BT XFMM BT BOHMFT
UIBU DBO CF BOBMZTFE VTJOH UFDIOPMPHZ
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 "EKVTU UIF EPNBJO JG SFRVJSFE
 -PPL BU UIF TJHO UP JEFOUJGZ UIF RVBESBOUT JO XIJDI UIF TPMVUJPO T MJF
 0CUBJO UIF CBTF BOHMF PS àSTU RVBESBOU WBMVF
 6TF UIF CBTF BOHMF UP HFOFSBUF UIF WBMVFT GPS UIF RVBESBOUT SFRVJSFE GSPN UIFJS TZNNFUSJDBM GPSNT
5P TPMWF USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT ZPV NBZ OFFE UP VTF BMHFCSBJD UFDIOJRVFT PS UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQT CFUXFFO
UIF GVODUJPOT UP SFEVDF UIF FRVBUJPOT UP CBTJD GPSNT 5IFTF SFMBUJPOTIJQT JODMVEF
ю FRVBUJPOT PG UIF GPSN TJO(Y) Ҳ B DPT(Y) XIJDI DBO CF DPOWFSUFE UP UBO(Y) Ҳ B
ю FRVBUJPOT PG UIF GPSN TJO (Y) Ҳ B XIJDI DBO CF DPOWFSUFE UP TJO(Y) Ҳ ү‫ٹ‬B
ю FRVBUJPOT PG UIF GPSN B TJO (Y) Ҭ C TJO(Y) Ҭ D Ҳ  XIJDI DBO CF DPOWFSUFE UP RVBESBUJD FRVBUJPOT CZ
VTJOH B TVCTUJUVUJPO GPS TJO(Y)
4JODF ҭ ‫ ܓ‬TJO(Y) ‫  ܓ‬BOE ҭ ‫ ܓ‬DPT(Y) ‫  ܓ‬TPNF FRVBUJPOT NBZ IBWF OP TPMVUJPOT

803,&% &9".1-& 
4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT
B ϼ DPT (Y)     ‫ ܓ‬Y ф ۧ
C  TJO (Y)  ϴ  ‫ ܓ‬Y ф Ϻ DPSSFDU UP  EFDJNBM QMBDFT
D UBO (۟) ϴ    ϴۧ ф ۟ ‫ۧ ܓ‬

5)*/, 83*5&
B  &YQSFTT UIF FRVBUJPO XJUI UIF USJHPOPNFUSJD B ‫ ٹ‬DPT(Y) Ҭ  Ҳ 
GVODUJPO BT UIF TVCKFDU ‫ ٹ‬DPT(Y) Ҳ ҭ

DPT(Y) Ҳ ҭ
‫ٹ‬
 *EFOUJGZ UIF RVBESBOUT JO XIJDI UIF TPMVUJPOT $PTJOF JT OFHBUJWF JO RVBESBOUT 
MJF BOE 

( )
྾ ྾ 
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RVBESBOU CBTF   ‫ٹ‬
྾ ྾
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RVBESBOU GPSNT  
྾ ྾
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GPSNT  
C  &YQSFTT UIF FRVBUJPO XJUI UIF USJHPOPNFUSJD C  TJO(Y) Ҳ ҭМ
GVODUJPO BT UIF TVCKFDU TJO(Y) Ҳ ҭМ

$)"15&3  $BMDVMVT PG USJHPOPNFUSJD GVODUJPOT 

  *EFOUJGZ UIF RVBESBOUT JO XIJDI UIF TPMVUJPOT 4JOF JT OFHBUJWF JO RVBESBOUT  BOE 
MJF

 $BMDVMBUF UIF CBTF VTJOH UFDIOPMPHZ BT BO 5IF CBTF JT TJOႼ (М) Ҳ Мž
FYBDU WBMVF JT OPU QPTTJCMF
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RVBESBOU GPSNT "T Y ٝ Ъž žЫ UIFSF XJMM ž Ҭ Мž ž ҭ Мž
CF  QPTJUJWF TPMVUJPOT GSPN  BOUJDMPDLXJTF
SPUBUJPOT
 $BMDVMBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT GSPN UIFJS RVBESBOU Y Ҳ Мž Мž Мž Мž
GPSNT "MUFSOBUJWFMZ UIF TPMWF GVODUJPO PO
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CVU SFNFNCFS UP EFàOF UIF EPNBJO 
D  &YQSFTT UIF FRVBUJPO XJUI UIF USJHPOPNFUSJD D UBO(ྶ) ҭ  Ҳ 
GVODUJPO BT UIF TVCKFDU UBO(ྶ) Ҳ 
 *EFOUJGZ UIF RVBESBOUT JO XIJDI UIF TPMVUJPOT 5BOHFOU JT QPTJUJWF JO RVBESBOUT
MJF  BOE 

( )
྾ ྾
 6TF LOPXMFEHF PG FYBDU WBMVFT UP TUBUF UIF àSTU 5IF CBTF JT TJODF UBO Ҳ 
RVBESBOU CBTF  
྾ ྾
 (FOFSBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT VTJOH UIF BQQSPQSJBUF Y Ҳ И ҭ྾ Ҭ
RVBESBOU GPSNT "T UIF EPNBJO JT Y ٝ Ъҭ྾И ྾Ы  
UIFSF XJMM CF  QPTJUJWF TPMVUJPO BOE  OFHBUJWF
TPMVUJPO
྾ ҭ྾
 $BMDVMBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT GSPN UIFJS RVBESBOU YҲ И
GPSNT  

803,&% &9".1-& 
4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT GPS Y
B  TJO (Y) ϴ     ф Y ф ۧ C  DPT (Y ϴ ۧ) ϴ    ϴۧ ф Y ф ۧ

5)*/, 83*5&
B  $IBOHF UIF EPNBJO UP CF UIBU GPS UIF HJWFO B  TJO(Y) ҭ  Ҳ И  ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
NVMUJQMF PG UIF WBSJBCMF .VMUJQMZ FBDI WBMVF CZ 
 TJO(Y) ҭ  Ҳ И  ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
 &YQSFTT UIF FRVBUJPO XJUI UIF USJHPOPNFUSJD  TJO(Y) ҭ  Ҳ 
GVODUJPO BT UIF TVCKFDU  TJO(Y) Ҳ 

TJO(Y) Ҳ


 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

  4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO GPS Y "T Y ٝ ЪИ ྾Ы 4JOF JT QPTJUJWF JO RVBESBOUT  BOE 
FBDI PG UIF  SFWPMVUJPOT XJMM HFOFSBUF  ྾
5IF CBTF JT 
TPMVUJPOT HJWJOH B UPUBM PG  WBMVFT GPS Y 

྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
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྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
Y Ҳ И И И
   
྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
 $BMDVMBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT GPS Y YҲ И И И
/PUF %JWJEJOH CZ  BU UIF WFSZ FOE CSJOHT UIF    
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C  $IBOHF UIF EPNBJO UP UIBU GPS UIF HJWFO C  DPT(Y ҭ ྾) ҭ  Ҳ  ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
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 DPT(Y ҭ ྾) ҭ  Ҳ  ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
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 DPT(Y ҭ ྾) ҭ  Ҳ  ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ‬Y ҭ ྾ ‫ ܓ‬྾
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GVODUJPO BT UIF TVCKFDU  DPT(Y ҭ ྾) Ҳ 

DPT(Y ҭ ྾) Ҳ

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Ъҭ྾И ྾Ы JOWPMWFT  DPNQMFUF SPUBUJPOT PG UIF ྾
5IF CBTF JT 
VOJU DJSDMF TP UIFSF XJMM CF  TPMVUJPOT  PG 
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྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
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྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
 $BMDVMBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT GPS Y Y Ҳ Ҭ ྾И ҭ Ҭ ྾И ҭ Ҭ ྾И ҭ Ҭ྾
   
྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
Ҳ И Иҭ Иҭ
   
྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
YҲ И Иҭ Иҭ
   

803,&% &9".1-& 
4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT
B TJO (Y)  DPT (Y)  ф Y ф ۧ
C  TJO  ۟  TJO ۟ ϴ     ф Y ф ۧ
D DPT (ۘ) ϴ    ϴۧ ф ۘ ф ۧ

$)"15&3  $BMDVMVT PG USJHPOPNFUSJD GVODUJPOT 

 5)*/, 83*5&
B  $IBOHF UIF EPNBJO UP UIBU GPS UIF HJWFO B  ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
NVMUJQMF PG UIF WBSJBCMF .VMUJQMZ CZ 
 ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
 3FEVDF UIF FRVBUJPO UP POF USJHPOPNFUSJD TJO(Y) Ҳ DPT(Y)
GVODUJPO CZ EJWJEJOH CZ DPT(Y) TJO(Y) DPT(Y)
Ҳ QSPWJEJOH DPT(Y) ‫ ܍‬
DPT(Y) DPT(Y)
UBO(Y) Ҳ 
 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO GPS YМ 5BOHFOU JT QPTJUJWF JO RVBESBOUT  BOE М

྾
5IF CBTF JT М

྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
Y Ҳ И ྾ Ҭ И ྾ Ҭ И ྾ Ҭ
   
྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
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྾ ྾ ྾ ྾
 $BMDVMBUF UIF TPMVUJPOT GPS Y /PUF UIBU UIF YҲ И И И
BOTXFST BSF XJUIJO UIF QSFTDSJCFE EPNBJO PG    
 ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
C  6TF TVCTUJUVUJPO UP GPSN B RVBESBUJD FRVBUJPO C  TJO (ྶ) Ҭ  TJO(ྶ) ҭ  Ҳ 
-FU " Ҳ TJO(ྶ)М
" Ҭ " ҭ  Ҳ 
 4PMWF UIF RVBESBUJD FRVBUJPO (" ҭ ) (" Ҭ ) Ҳ 

" Ҳ PS " Ҳ ҭ

#VU " Ҳ TJO(ྶ)

TJO(ྶ) Ҳ PS TJO(ྶ) Ҳ ҭ


 4PMWF FBDI USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPO TFQBSBUFMZ TJO(ྶ) Ҳ

4JOF JT QPTJUJWF JO RVBESBOUT  BOE 

྾
5IF CBTF JT 

྾ ྾
ྶ Ҳ И྾ ҭ
 
྾ ྾
ྶҲ И
 
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5IFSF JT OP TPMVUJPO BT ҭ ‫ ܓ‬TJO(ྶ) ‫ ܓ‬М
 8SJUF UIF BOTXFS ྾ ྾
ྶҲ И
 

 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

 D  $IBOHF UIF EPNBJO UP UIBU GPS UIF HJWFO D ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ ྯ ܓ‬྾
NVMUJQMF PG UIF WBSJBCMF .VMUJQMZ CZ 
ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ ྯ ܓ‬྾
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BOE GBDUPSJTF CZ BQQMZJOH UIF EJGGFSFODF PG -FU " Ҳ DPT(ྯ) М
QFSGFDU TRVBSFT NFUIPE " ҭ  Ҳ 
 4PMWF UIF RVBESBUJD FRVBUJPO (" ҭ ) (" Ҭ ) Ҳ 
" Ҳ И ҭ
#VU " Ҳ DPT(ྯ) М
ۘ DPT(ྯ) Ҳ  PS DPT(ྯ) Ҳ ҭ
 4PMWF FBDI USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPO TFQBSBUFMZ DPT(ྯ) Ҳ 
ྯ Ҳ ҭ྾И И ྾
ྯ Ҳ ҭ྾И И ྾
DPT(ྯ) Ҳ ҭ
ྯ Ҳ ҭ྾И ྾
྾ ྾
ྯҲҭ И
 
྾ ྾
 8SJUF UIF BOTXFST JO OVNFSJDBM PSEFS ۘ ྯ Ҳ ҭ྾И ҭ И И И ྾
 

6OJUT    "SFB  4FRVFODF  $PODFQU 

4PMWJOH USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT 4VNNBSZ TDSFFO BOE QSBDUJDF RVFTUJPOT

&YFSDJTF  3FWJFX PG TPMWJOH USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT XJUI BOE

XJUIPVU UIF VTF PG UFDIOPMPHZ
5FDIOPMPHZ GSFF
 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT
8&

B  DPT(ྶ) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  GPS  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾

C UBO(Y) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  GPS ž ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ž ܓ‬
D  DPT(ྶ) Ҳ  GPS ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾
 B 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO  TJO(ྶ) Ҭ  Ҳ  ž ‫ž ܓ ྶ ܓ‬
C 4PMWF TJO(Y) Ҳ  ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
 8& 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT
B  DPT(ྶ) ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  GPS  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾
C  TJO(Y Ҭ ྾) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  GPS ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬྾
( )
྾
 4PMWF  DPT ྶ ҭ Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ   ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾

 8& 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO DPT (ྶ) ҭ TJO(ྶ) DPT(ྶ) Ҳ  GPS  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾

 4PMWF Յྶ Л  DPT (ྶ) Ҭ  DPT(ྶ) Ҳ ҭИ  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾Ց

 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT GPS  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾
B ‫ ٹ‬TJO(ྶ) Ҳ ҭ C  DPT(ྶ) Ҳ 
( )
྾
D UBO(ྶ) ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  E UBO ྶ ҭ ҬҲ


$)"15&3  $BMDVMVT PG USJHPOPNFUSJD GVODUJPOT 

5FDIOPMPHZ BDUJWF
 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH USJHPOPNFUSJD FRVBUJPOT GPS ž ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ž ܓ‬
B  DPT(Y) Ҭ  Ҳ  C  TJO(Y) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ 
 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH DPSSFDU UP  EFDJNBM QMBDFT
B  TJO(ྶ) ҭ  Ҳ  HJWFO UIBU  ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾ C  DPT(Y) ҭ  Ҳ  HJWFO UIBU ž ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ž ܓ‬
 4PMWF UIF GPMMPXJOH GPS ྶ HJWFO UIBU ҭ྾ ‫ ܓ ྶ ܓ‬྾
B  TJO(ྶ) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ  C ‫ ٹ‬DPT(ྶ) Ҳ  D UBO(ྶ) Ҭ  Ҳ 
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( )
྾
B  TJO Y Ҭ Ҳ ‫ٹ‬ C  DPT(Y Ҭ ྾) Ҳ ‫ٹ‬ D UBO(Y ҭ ྾) Ҳ ҭ

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B UBO (ྶ) ҭ  Ҳ  C  TJO (ྶ) ҭ ( Ҭ ‫ )ٹ‬TJO(ྶ) Ҭ ‫ ٹ‬Ҳ 
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B TJO(ྯ) ҭ DPT (ྯ) TJO(ྯ) Ҳ  C TJO(ྯ) Ҳ ‫ ٹ‬DPT(ྯ)

D TJO (ྯ) Ҳ DPT (ྯ) E  DPT (ྯ) ҭ  Ҳ 
 " QBSUJDMF NPWFT JO B TUSBJHIU MJOF TP UIBU JUT EJTUBODF Y NFUSFT GSPN B QPJOU 0 JT HJWFO CZ UIF FRVBUJPO
Y Ҳ  Ҭ  TJO(U) XIFSF U JT UIF UJNF JO TFDPOET BGUFS UIF QBSUJDMF CFHJOT UP NPWF
B $BMDVMBUF UIF EJTUBODF GSPN 0 XIFO UIF QBSUJDMF CFHJOT UP NPWF
C %FUFSNJOF UIF UJNF XIFO UIF QBSUJDMF àSTU SFBDIFT UIF QPJOU 0 (JWF ZPVS BOTXFS DPSSFDU UP  EFDJNBM
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 B 6TJOH UFDIOPMPHZ TLFUDI PO UIF TBNF BYFT UIF HSBQIT PG Z Ҳ TJO Y BOE Z Ҳ DPT Y
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D %JTDVTT XIZ UFDIOPMPHZ XBT VTFGVM JO TPMWJOH UIJT FRVBUJPO

 3FWJFX PG HSBQIT PG USJHPOPNFUSJD GVODUJPOT PG

UIF GPSN Z Ҳ " TJO(#(Y Ҭ $)) Ҭ % BOE
Z Ҳ " DPT(# (Y Ҭ $)) Ҭ %
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5IF HSBQIT PG UIF TJOF BOE DPTJOF GVODUJPOT BSF TIPXO
y
1 y = sin(x) y y = cos(x)
1

0 x
–2π – 3π
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– π
– π 3π
— 2π
3π
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x
2 2 2 2 –– – —
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–1 –1

#PUI HSBQIT IBWF B XBWF TIBQF UIBU SFQFBUT JUTFMG FWFSZ ྾ VOJUT PTDJMMBUJOH BCPVU UIF MJOF Z Ҳ  UIF
YBYJT SJTJOH BOE GBMMJOH CZ VQ UP  VOJU
྾ ྾
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྾
UIF SJHIU HJWFT UIF TJOF HSBQI MJLFXJTF B IPSJ[POUBM TIJGU PG UIF TJOF HSBQI CZ UP UIF MFGU HJWFT UIF DPTJOF

HSBQI

 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

 5IF QSPQFSUJFT PG CPUI TJOF BOE DPTJOF GVODUJPOT BSF TVNNBSJTFE CFMPX

1SPQFSUJFT PG UIF HSBQIT PG UIF TJOF BOE DPTJOF GVODUJPOT

ю 1FSJPE ྾
ю "NQMJUVEF 
ю -JOF PG PTDJMMBUJPO NFBO QPTJUJPO  Z Ҳ 
ю %PNBJO Y ٝ 3
ю 3BOHF Z ٝ ЪҭИ Ы

 (SBQIT PG " TJO(#Y) Ҭ % BOE " DPT(#Y) Ҭ %

'PS HSBQIT JO UIF GPSN Z Ҳ " TJO(#Y) Ҭ % PS Z Ҳ " DPT(#Y) Ҭ % UIF WBMVF PG " BGGFDUT UIF BNQMJUVEF BOE
EJSFDUJPO PG UIF TJOF BOE DPTJOF GVODUJPOT
ю *G " Ҵ  UIF BNQMJUVEF JT "
ю *G " ҳ  UIF BNQMJUVEF JT " BOE UIF HSBQI JT BMTP SFáFDUFE JO UIF YBYJT
Z Ҳ  TJO(Y)
( ) 2 )
( –, 2
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–
2 2 y = 2 sin (x)
/PUF 5IF HSBQI TIPXT B EJMBUJPO PG 
1
GSPN UIF YBYJT y = sin (x) (2π, 0)
0 (0, 0) π π 3π 2π x
–1 – —
2 2
–2
(3π—2, –1) (3π—2, –2)

Z Ҳ ҭ DPT(Y)
 2
"NQMJUVEF Ҳ
 1
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 0 x
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–1 –
2 (π, –1)
—
2 ( 1
2π, – –
)
/PUF 5IF HSBQI TIPXT B EJMBUJPO PG

GSPN –2
(0, – –12) 2

UIF YBYJT

5IF WBMVF PG # BGGFDUT UIF QFSJPE PG UIF

TJOF BOE DPTJOF GVODUJPOT 2
(0, 1) y = cos (x) y = cos (2x) (2π, 1)
྾ 1
ю 5IF QFSJPE JT 
# 0 x
π π 3π π 5π 3π 7π 2π
ю *G # ҳ  UIF GVODUJPO JT SFáFDUFE PWFS UIF –1 –
4
–
2
—
4
—
4
—
2
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 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

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 B ᆡ N C ᆡ N 2 4 6 8 10 12
D  T ( ) E ᆡ T C Л BN
EI ᆏ ᆏU D ᆡ VOJUT
F Ⴝ TJO G ᆡ T ᆡ T
EU   E J
πx πx
 B N ( ) ( )
T y = 1.5 sin 3 – 2 cos 3 + 3.5 ( )
EZ ᆏ ᆏU 6
C ႽႼ TJO (2.386, 6)
EY   Toxic gas emissions (8.386, 6)

‫ٹ‬ᆏ ᆏ 4
D J Ⴜ NФN JJ Ⴜ NФN
 
E J  N JJ ᆡž
2 (12, 1.5)
 B ᆡ N (0, 1.5)
C ᆡ N
(5.386, 1) (11.386, 1)
D  N BU Л BN
0 t
E D (1.5, 3) 2 4 6 8 10 12
3 Time after 6 am (hours)
(24, 2.5) JJ .BYJNVN HBT FNJTTJPOT Ⴝ  VOJUT BU Л BN
Depth (metres)

BOE Л QN
2
D(t) = 2.5 + 0.5 sin πt ( ) .JOJNVN HBT FNJTTJPOT Ⴝ  VOJU BU Л BN
(0, 2.5) 3 BOE Л QN
y = 2.5 JJJ 5IF NBYJNVN HBT FNJTTJPO JT  VOJUT BOE UIF
1
NJOJNVN JT  VOJU 5IFZ MJF XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG  UP
 VOJUT TP UIF DPNQBOZ XPSLT XJUIJO UIF HVJEFMJOFT
0 t
5 10 15 20 25  3FWJFX FYBN QSBDUJDF
Time after 4 am (hours)
( )  B ž C ž D žᆣ E žᆣ
ᆏ ᆏ
F %ኜ (U) Ⴝ DPT U ᆏ ᆏ
   B C D ᆡ E ᆡ
 
D'(t)
1  ‫ٹ‬ ‫ٹ‬
 B Ⴜ C D
0, π6
( ) ( )( 6, π6 12, π6 18, π6
)( )( 24, π6 )   
‫ٹ‬ ‫ٹ‬ 
E Ⴜ F Ⴜ G
  
0 t
5 10 15 20 25

y = π cos π3 x
( )
6
–1
Time after 4 am (hours)
G  BN  QN BOE  QN

$)"15&3  $BMDVMVT PG USJHPOPNFUSJD GVODUJPOT 

 ‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬ ᆏ ᆏ
 B C Ⴜ ႽႼ  B ᆠ
   
‫ٹ‬
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
 ‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬ C ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆏᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
D Ⴜ ႽႼ E Ⴜ ႽႼ        
‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬  ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
D ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
Ⴜ  ‫ٹ‬    
F G Ⴜ ႽႼ  Z Ⴝ  TJO Yᆠ Ⴜᆏ ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬ᆏ BNQMJUVEF Ⴝ  QFSJPE Ⴝ ᆏ
 ‫ٹ‬  SBOHF Ⴜ ‫ ܓ‬Z ‫ ܓ‬
 ‫ٹ‬ Ⴜ‫ٹ‬ y
 B Ⴝ C
‫ٹ‬   2
Ⴜ 1
D Ⴜ‫ٹ‬ E
(–π, 0) (π, 0)

 ‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬ –π – –π 0 –π π x
F Ⴜ ႽႼ G Ⴝ 2 –1 2
‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬ 
–2
Ⴜ 
H I
   B Z Ⴝ  TJO(Y Ⴛ ᆏ) GPS  ‫ ܓ‬Y ‫ ܓ‬ᆏ QFSJPE ᆏ
 ‫ٹ‬ BNQMJUVEF  SBOHF ЪႼᆠ Ы FOEQPJOUT (ᆠ ) BOE
J Ⴜ K Ⴝ
‫ٹ‬  (ᆏᆠ )
ᆏ ᆏ
  ‫ٹ‬ 'PS YJOUFSDFQUT Y Ⴝ ᆠ ᆠ ᆏᆠ ᆠ ᆏ
L M Ⴝ  
 ‫ٹ‬  y y = 2 sin(2x + π)
2
 ‫ٹ‬
 B Ⴜ C Ⴜ
‫ٹ‬
ႽႼ

π,0
( )
3π , 0
—
2

Ⴜ‫ٹ‬  ‫ٹ‬ (0, 0) ( )

–
2 (π, 0) (2π, 0)
D E Ⴝ 0 π π x
 ‫ٹ‬  – – 3π
— π 5π
—
3π
— 7π
— 2π
4 2 4 4 2 4
  ‫ٹ‬
F G Ⴜ ႽႼ
 ‫ٹ‬  –2
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
 B ᆠ C ᆠ D ᆠ C Z Ⴝ  DPT(Y Ⴛ ᆏ) QFSJPE  BNQMJUVEF  SBOHF
      
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ЪႼᆠ Ы FOEQPJOUT (ᆠ Ⴜ) BOE (ᆏᆠ Ⴜ)
E F ᆠ
   ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
 B ž C žᆠ ž D žᆠ ž 'PS YJOUFSDFQUT Y Ⴝ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
     
E ž F žᆠ ž y
 B
ᆏ ᆏ
ᆠ C
ᆏ ᆏ
ᆠ D
ᆏ ᆏ
ᆠ
4 ( π3 , 0) y = 3 cos(3x + π)
     
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ 2 ( π6 , 0) (7π6 , 0) (11π6 , 0)
E ᆠ F ᆠ
   
ᆏ 0 π π 3π π 5π 3π x
 B – – — — —
 –2 4 2 4 4 2
π,0
C 
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
(0, –3)
–4
( )
2 (5π6 , 0) (3π2 , 0) (2π, –3)
D Ⴜ ᆠႼ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
      ( )
ᆏ
Ⴜᆏ Ⴜᆏ Ⴜᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ D Z Ⴝ  TJO Y Ⴜ Ⴜ  QFSJPE ᆏ BNQMJUVEF 
E ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ 
      ( ) ( )
Ⴜᆏ Ⴜᆏ ᆏ ᆏ SBOHF ЪႼᆠ Ы FOEQPJOUT ᆠ Ⴜ‫ ٹ‬BOE ᆏᆠ Ⴜ‫ٹ‬
F ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
    ᆏ ᆏ
ᆏ ᆏ 'PS YJOUFSDFQUT Y Ⴝ ᆠ
 B ᆠ  
  y

C
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ
2
( )
3π , 1
—
4
  
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
 ( )
5π , 0
—
12 (
13π
—, 0
12 )
D ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ 0 x
    π
– π
– 3π
— π 5π
—
3π
— 7π
— 2π
4 2 4 4 2 4
ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ
E ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ ᆠ 1 (2π, –2.414)
      –2
(0, –2.414)
(
y = 2 sin x – – – 1
2 )
F ᆡᆠ ᆡᆠ ᆡᆠ ᆡᆠ ᆡᆠ ᆡ
G ᆡᆠ ᆡ –4 ( 4 )
7π , –3
—

 +BDBSBOEB .BUIT 2VFTU  .BUIFNBUJDBM .FUIPET 6OJUT    GPS 2VFFOTMBOE

 ( )
 E  I
E Z Ⴝ DPT (Y Ⴜ ᆏ) Ⴛ  QFSJPE ᆏ BNQMJUVEF 
 T
SBOHF Ъᆠ Ы FOEQPJOUT (ᆠ ) BOE (ᆏᆠ ) 25
(18, 22)
'PS YJOUFSDFQUT UIFSF BSF OP TPMVUJPOT GPS UIFTF
20 y = 19
SFTUSJDUFE YWBMVFT (0, 19) (24, 19)
y
1 15 (6, 16)
( )
y = cos – (x – π) + 1
2
2 (2π, 1) 10
(π, 2) π
(0, 1) 5
T = 19 – 3 sin – t
12 ( )
0 π π 3π π 5π 3π x
– – — — —
4 2 4 4 2 t
–2 0 6 12 18 24

F L Ⴝ ᆡ
EZ G 5IF UFNQFSBUVSF JT SJTJOH UIF GBTUFTU BU NJEEBZ BU B SBUF
 B Ⴝ Ⴜ TJO(Y Ⴜ )
EY PG ᆡ EFHSFFTIPVS
EZ  B  N
C Ⴝ Ⴜ DPT(Y Ⴛ ) C  N BCPWF NFBO TFB MFWFM
EY
EZ D  I
D Ⴝ  DPT(Y) Ⴜ  TJO(Y) E (5, 4)
EY 4
EZ ( )
E Ⴝ Ⴜ (Y Ⴛ ) TJO Y Ⴛ Y Ⴛ 
EY 2
EZ
F Ⴝ Ⴜ DPT( Ⴜ Y)
EY 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
EZ (1, –2)
G Ⴝ ႼDPT(ႼY) Ⴛ  TJO(Y) –2
EY (12, –2 3 )
–4 (0, –2 3 )
 5BOHFOU Z Ⴝ Ⴜ QFSQFOEJDVMBS Y Ⴝ ᆏ (11, –4)
F "U NFBO TFB MFWFM
 B  N
G ᆡ N IJHIFS UIBO NFBO TFB MFWFM
C N
 B J ž BU  QN
D ᆡ I
JJ ž BU  QN
E 
C J ᆡž
F D
20 JJ ᆡž
15 y = 14 (13, 14) D T
10 (0, 14) (3, 25)
5 y = 19
(0, 19) (6, 19)
0 t (9.5, 13.2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (9, 13)
 B ž
C ž BU  QN 0 3 6 9 12
D ž UP ž
E ᆡ I
F 5IF IFBUJOH JT TXJUDIFE PO BU Л QN XIFO UIF
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