LAWS OF

LOGARITHM
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Find the value of x.
1. 5x = 625
2. 3x = 1/9
3. 7x = 1
4. 10x = 100,000
5. (1/4)x = 4
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:
1. Discuss the laws of logarithm.
2. Demonstrate the laws of logarithm
in solving logarithmic expressions.
3. Apply the laws in solving
logarithmic expressions.
DEFINTION OF LOGARITHM
In Mathematics, logarithms are the
other way of writing the exponents.
A logarithm of a number with a base
is equal to another number. A
logarithm is just the opposite
function of exponentiation.
DEFINTION OF LOGARITHM
For example, if 102 = 100 then
log10 100 = 2.
Hence, we can conclude that,
logb n = a or ba = n
Where b is the base of the
logarithmic function.
This can be read as “Logarithm of
n to the base b is equal to a”.
BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM

If b is any positive number and b ≠ 1,

then
1. logb 1 = 0
2. logb b = 1
3. logb bx = x
4. 𝑏log𝑏 𝑥 = x (x > 0)
EXAMPLES: Evaluate the following

1. log6 1
2. log25 25
3. log7 73
4. 5 log5 2
 ACTIVITY 1 –
SHOW-ME-BOARD
I. Evaluate the following using properties
of logarithm.
1. logarithm of thirty-two to the base two
2. logarithm of seven hundred twenty-
nine to the base nine
3. logarithm of five to the base 5
4. log1/2 16
5. log7 1
LAWS OF LOGARITHM
1. Product Rule of Logarithm – if M,
N and b are positive number and b
≠ 1, then
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐌𝐍 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐌 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐍
Examples:
a. log7 xy
b. log2 8x
LAWS OF LOGARITHM
2. Quotient Rule of Logarithm – if if M, N
and b are positive number and b ≠ 1,
then
𝐌
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐌 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐍
𝐍
Examples:
𝑎
a. log4
𝑏
1
b. log
10
LAWS OF LOGARITHM
3. Power Rule of Logarithm – if if M, N
and b are positive number and b ≠ 1,
then
𝒌
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝑴 = 𝒌 ∗ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝑴
Examples:
a. log5 x3
b. log 51/2
LAWS OF LOGARITHM

4. The Logarithm Property of Equality

If logb x = logb y, then x = y
Examples:
a. log 23 = log 8, then 23 = 8
b. log2 5x = log2 25, then 5x = 25
APPLICATION OF LOGARITHMS IN REAL-LIFE
Logarithms form a base of various
scientific and mathematical procedures.
Logarithms have wide practicality in
solving calculus, statistics problems,
calculating compound interest,
measuring elasticity, performing
astronomical calculations, assessing
reaction rates, and whatnot.
APPLICATION OF LOGARITHMS IN REAL-LIFE
This will cover some of the most common real-life
applications of logarithms. The applications are:
1. Measuring the sound intensity
2. Assessing the magnitude of earthquakes using the
Richter scale
3. Measuring pH levels of chemicals
4. Calculating the growth of the human species or
other living species
5. Analyzing drug concentrations in medicines
6. Studying the process of decay of radioactive
elements
Sample Problem: Peter saw a group of Dumagat
people selling their products inside the school,
the Dumagat people said that their best-selling
product is the vinegar. Out of his curiosity, Peter
asked the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) of
the said solution to solve for its pH level. One of
the Dumagats, replied that the vinegars they are
selling contains 0.0035 mole of hydrogen ions
per 1 liter of solution. What is the pH level of the
said vinegar?
APPLICATION OF LOGARITHMS IN REAL-LIFE

pH = -log [H ]
+

Note that the pH level of vinegar is around 2-3.

Given: 0.0035 moles of
hydrogen ion per liter of solution
= the concentration of the
solution
Required: pH level = ?
Solution: pH = -log [H+]
pH = -log [0.0035]
pH = 2.4559
ACTIVITY 2 –
GROUP
II. Expand and evaluate each
logarithmic expressions using laws of
logarithm.
1. log7 (73*78)
49
2. log7 ( 7 )
3. log775
24
4.log2 ( 10)
2
5. log3 (27*81)
To end our discussion, in your own words,
what are your learnings for today? How
will it help you as a STEM student?

I know that I know how to …

First, I …
After that, …
Finally, …
And that is my learning in …
ASSESSMENT
Using the properties and laws of
logarithm, evaluate the following:
1. logarithm of two to the base two.
2. 9log96
3. logarithm of one to the base nine.
4. log8 84
5. logx x – 2log219
ASSIGNMENT:
A. Expand each logarithmic expressions using
laws of logarithm.

B. Write and study the Change-of-Base

formula for Laws of Logarithm