IP Addressing (IPV 4)

IP address plays key role in computer networking all types of

computer communication depends on IP Address. IP address starts
from 0 and end at 255.

IETF: IPV4 & IPv6 IPv4 Size: 32-bit

IPV4 Portions: 4 Octets IPv4 Format: 192.168.0.1

IPv4 Classes
IP address categorized in five classes often called A, B, C, D &
E. the detail of classes and address ranges are as under.
Range of Classes
Class Range Default Subnet Mask Size
A 1 - 126 255.0.0.0 16777214
B 128 – 191 255.255.0.0 65534
C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 254
D 224 – 239 Multicasting
E 240 – 255 Next Generation or experimental
A, B & C are used for General Purpose Usage like LAN, MAN, WAN
Class D: Not Used in the Public Sector, Reserved for Multicast Addressing.
Class E: Not Used in the Public Sector, Reserved for scientific studies.

Loopback IP Address
The 127.0.0.1 are loop back IP Address.
127.0.0.1 The standard IP address used for a loop back network
connection.
Public & Private IP Addresses
Public IP address
A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a
computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. A
public IP address is globally unique, and can only be assigned to
a unique device.
Private IP Address
Means the IP address can only be used by those on the same
network.

Range of Private IP Address

From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) is responsible for
PMYDSP Training under NAVTTC
Corvit Systems Faisalabad
 Internet protocol (IP) and coordinates global IP addressing.

PMYDSP Training under NAVTTC

Corvit Systems Faisalabad
 What is Bit
A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a
computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.

Types of Units
Storage Units
1 Bit = 1 Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 GB = 1 Terabyte (TB)
1024 TB = 1 Petabyte (PB)
1024 PB = 1 ExaByte (EB)

Transmission Units
1000 Bits = 1 Kilobit(Kb)
1000 Kb = 1 Megabit(Mb)
1000 Mb = 1 Gigabit(Gb)
1000 Gb = 1 Terabit(Tb)
1000 Tb = 1 Petabit(Pb)
Speed Unit
1 cycle per second = 1 hertz (Hz)
1,000 Hz = 1 kilohertz (KHz)
1000 KHz = 1 megahertz (MHz)
1000 MHz = 1 gigahertz (GHz)
1000 GHz = 1 Terahertz (THz)
1000 THz = 1 Petahertz (PHz)

PMYDSP Training under NAVTTC

Corvit Systems Faisalabad