Model of Communication Process
Six elements of communication: Sender, Encoding,
Message, Channel, Decoding, Receiver
A. Linear Communication
 Have you talked to somebody did not get any
reaction from him/her at all? Have you experienced
sending a message without receiving any feedback?
This is linear communication
Linear Communication – is one way communication,
focusing on the transmission of a message to a receiver
who never responds or has no way of responding to the
information conveyed.
Shannon-Weaver Model
 It is also considered as the mother of all
communication models. It has a one-way process
starting from a source (producer of message);
passing through a channel (signal adapted from the
signal). The process stops after the message has
arrive at it’s destination.
 Known as the mother of all communication models
 It depicts communication as liner or one-way
process consisting of five elements
a. Source d. Destination
b. Transmitter
c. Channel
Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication
B.
Interactive
 Interactive approach is a two-way communication
process where a responses is given after a message
is sent. The recipient of the action intentionally or
unintentionally give a feedback associated with the
information received.
Schramm Model
 Schramm (1454) visualized the process of
communication as an exchange of thought and
ideas feedback was added to the Shannon-Weaver
Model. The recipient of the message decodes it and
creates a feedback based on his understanding of
the information sent and vice versa.
 The figure identifies the six elements of
communication which are the sender, the message
sent, the receiver, and the feedback provided by the
receiver and sent back as a response to the sender
and the process of encoding and decoding.
Schramm Model Fig.
Transaction Model
 Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-
way process the transaction model is a two-way,
process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element.
Functions of Communication
1. Control - Communication functions to control
behavior
2. Social Interaction – Communication allows
individuals to interact with others
3. Motivation – Communication motivates or
encourages people to live better
4. Emotional Expression – Communication facilitates
people’s expression of their feelings and emotions
5. Information Dissemination – Communication
functions to convey information
Barriers to Communication
 These are instances when communication breaks
down and misunderstanding occurs because of this
certain barriers.
1. Emotional Barriers
Examples:
You are having a bad day or you feel frustrated.
You sit in a meeting or class where you think the
speaker is boring.
2. Use of Jargon
Example: You are a scientist discussing a certain
weather phenomenon with your neighbor who does not
know much about the topic.
3. Lack of Confidence
Example: You are asked to share something about your
day or weekend, but you are hesitant because you are
shy.
4. Noisy Environment
Example: You are having a conversation with some
friends when a song was played loudly.
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
How to write a Position Paper

Position Paper
 Written to describe and explain the rationale of the
paper/position
Rationale – reason and logical basis for a particular
belief.
 Argumentative essay III. Description
 Essay that reflects the opinion and these opinions  Personal impression and judgement about the film
must be examined carefully through research.  Cinematography

Main purpose IV. Analysis

 Generate support from others who stand on the 1. Formal Techniques (External)
same position  Cinematography
 Edition
Guidelines:  Lightning
1. Support your position with evidences  Sounds
2. Use primary source quotations from reliable  Affects how you look the film
persons to validate your position 2. Thematic contents (Internal)
3. Study the strength and weaknesses of your  Environment
position  History
4. Suggest possible solutions and evaluate before  Gender / Sexuality
providing the action  Class
 Affects your viewing
I. Introduction
 Caught the attention of your readers V. Conclusion
 Identify the problem  Closing statement
 State the position of the paper  Remind your readers about your impression
 Implicity & explicity tell your readers if it is worth
II. Body watching or seeing
 Discuss the problem (both sides) lead yourself to
your position
 Background Information
 Support them w/ evidences

III. Conclusion
 Offers possible solution and senses of actions to
resolve the problem
 Summary of the introduction and body

How to write a Film review

I. Introduction
 Basic information about the film
 Film’s name
 Director
 Screen writer
 Major actors - adjective
 Year

II. Plot Summary

Exposition
 Character
 Setting
Nutritional Guidelines for Adolescent Foods Rich in Vitamin D:
 There are 6 different nutrients that is essential for  Oily Fish  Buter
our body these are:  Fish Liver Oils  Eggs
1. Protein
2. Carbohydrates E. Vitamin E – is needed for the different functions of
3. Fats nerves and muscles.
4. Vitamins Food Rich in Vitamin E:
5. Minerals  Milk  Green Vegetables
6. Water  Eggs  Wholemeal Breads
Each of these nutrients plays a very important role of F. Vitamin K – promoted blood clotting by increasing
our body the prothrombin content of the blood.
6 TYPES OF NUTRIENTS Food Rich in Vitamin K:
1. Proteins  Leafy Vegetables  Liver
 Essential nutrient needed for continuous growth  Rice  Sardines
and repair of body tissues.
 Helps make up muscles, organs and other cells. 5. Minerals
Examples of food that are high in protein:  Are nutrients that are needed in many body
 Meat  Nuts processes
 Fish  Peas A. Calcium – helps build bones nails and teeth
 Eggs  Beans Calcium can be found in:
 Milk  Lentils  Milk
 Cheese  Other Legumes  Cheese Bread
B. Iron – is essential for developing the red corpuscles
2. Carbohydrates that carry oxygen, throughout our body. Prevents
 Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of heat anemia.
and energy C. Zinc – the ability to maintain vitamin E.
 Can be obtained from Both: Starches and Sugar Food rich in Zinc are:
 Starch Sources are: Cereal, Bread, Rice, Potatoes  Meats
and Pasta  Nuts
 Sugar sources are: Fruits, Vegetables, Honey and  Beans
Syrup D. Potassium – eliminates muscle cramps and lowers
3. Fats blood pressure
 Provide another source of heat and energy and help Food rich in Potassium:
the body store vitamins  Almonds
They are found in:  Banana
 Meats  Cheese  Spinach
 Butter  Margarine E. Selenium – works hand in hand with Vitamin E in
 Cream  Other vegetable oil protecting tissue and cell membranes
4. Vitamins 6. Water
 Are essential to many different bodily functions. - It is needed for building and repair of body
They help body use carbohydrates, proteins, and tissues
fats. - It makes up blood and other body temperature,
There are 13 Different Vitamin that are important for assists in the efficient elimination of wastes, and
our body. These are: cushions joins and the spinal cord.
A. Vitamin A – is for growth, good eyesight and - Your body need 8-10 glasses of water 8 ounce
healthy skin. of water each day
Food rich in Vitamin A:
 Butter  Carrots
 Oily Fish  Spinach
 Liver  Other Green
Vegetables
B. Vitamin B – is good for building resistance to
infection, healing, developing healthy gums, and
providing good blood circulation.
Foods rich in Vitamin B:
 Citrus Fruits
 Vegetable (broccoli and leafy green
vegetables)
C. Vitamin C – improve immune system
Foods rich in Vitamin C:
 Fruits
D. Vitamin D – is essential by the body for developing
healthy bones and teeth.