SOCIAL SCIENCE
effects using also the knowledge used in other
Branches of Social Science
 Anthropology
 Archaeology
 Economics
 Linguistics
 Political Science
 Psychology
 Geography
 Law
 Sociology
 History
HISTORY
• from the Greek word Historie or Historia which
means “learning, inquiry and or investigation”
• a branch of the Social Sciences that deals with
the systematic study of significant past, a branch
of knowledge that records and explains past
events and which concerns people and human
nature.
HISTOGRIAPHY
• refers to the study of history itself.
• analyzes
–the history writer
–the motives of the writer
–the sources of the writer
• the context when the history was written.
Theories are applied and other historical methods.
ELEMENT OF HISTORY
Historian - refers to the person writing history
Place - the location where the history was written
Period - refers to the context of the time when the
history was
written.
Source - refers to the basis of claims or analysis of
the historian such as documents, written or oral
accounts.
NATURE OF HISTORY AS AN ACADEMIC
DISCIPLINE
1. History has no subject matter of its own. Of
course, the subject matter of history covers all the
persons and all events that have happened in the
past. It is actually very broad since it does cover
everything that has happened in the society
including all aspects from political, economic
social, culture etc.
2. History synthesizes knowledge from other
fields. Since it covers all phenomena, History as a
branch of the Social Sciences analyzes the
relations of different events, their cause and
fields of the Social Sciences such as Anthropology,
Sociology Economics etc.
3. History illuminates pieces of the past. History
provides for explanations of things that happened
in the past. By looking at relationships of different
events and phenomena, it provides explanations
for seemingly unexplainable gaps.
4. History is constantly changing. Since claims to
historical facts are based on personal accounts,
documents and artifacts, a historian makes an
analysis based only on available sources of
data.The historian cannot conclude something
which is baseless. Unlike other Social Sciences
which can gather actual and real time data or
conduct experiments to test their hypothesis,
historians have to rely on what is
available.Therefore, when new data are
discovered, previous historical accounts can be
changed.
5. History sheds light to truth. Since a historian
constantly write about previous phenomena using
historical sources as basis, all claims therefore
supports only the truth base on the data
available.This however does not preclude the fact
that a historian uses also unwritten sources such
as oral accounts and traditions.
HOW DOES HISTORY LINKS PAST, PRESENT,
FUTURE
Sources of History
 Primary Source
 Secondary Source
 Tertiary Source
Primary Source
• provides direct or firsthand evidence about an
event, object, person, or work of art
• the evidences by eyewitnesses or created by
people who experienced the said event or
phenomena.
• historical and legal documents
• eyewitness accounts
• results of experiments
• statistical data
• pieces of creative writing, audio and video
recordings, speeches, and art objects.
Secondary Source Books

• interpretations of history They describe, discuss, Ex. History of the Filipino People
interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate,
summarize, and process primary sources. Visual & Audio Materials

• products of people or writers who were not part Ex. Documentaries

of the event or phenomena.
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
• articles in newspaper
• popular magazines External Criticism
• Book (except autobiographies)
• movie reviews • Physical examinations of sources like documents,
• articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or manuscripts, books, pamphlets, maps, inscriptions
evaluate someone else's original research. and monuments.

Tertiary Source • Authorship-author’s name in itself

can provided for the test of authenticity
• contain information that has been compiled •Date and place of publication-correct
from primary and secondary sources. •Textual errors.
–Unintentional errors
• Almanacs –Intentional errors
• Chronologies
• dictionaries and encyclopedias Meanings of words used-words used usually
• Directories changes from generation to generation
• Guidebooks
• Indexes Internal Criticism
• Abstracts
• manuals •You must be able to analyze and interpret the
• textbooks contents of documents in their real meaning.

TYPES OF HISTORICAL SOURCES •You must refrain from making your own
conclusions so as not to convey their own
Archival Material interpretation rather than the true meaning of the
content.
•Archives
•Manuscripts •Question the motive of the writer and question
•business and personal correspondence the accuracy of the document.
•Diaries
•Journals •Verify the writer of the document.
•legal and financial documents •The truthfulness or veracity of the document
•Photographs should be established
•Maps
•architectural drawings *In cases of contradicting records, the historian
•Objects should corroborate the facts from other claims or
•oral histories documents.
•computer tapes,
•video and audio cassettes.  Authorship - no manuscript
 Date and Place of Publication
Government Documents  Textual Errors
 Meaning of Words Used
• provide evidence of activities, functions, and
policies at all government levels.

Serials

• Journals
• Magazines
• Newspapers
CITIZENSHIP TRAINING Values and Traits of being MAKA-TAO

Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP
 Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Constitution of the Republic
of the Philippines
Article V: Duties and Obligations of Citizen
Section 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be
loyal to the Republic and to honor the Philippine
flag, to defend the State and contribute to its
development and welfare, to uphold the
Constitution and obey the laws, and to cooperate
with the duly constituted authorities in the
attainment and preservation of a just and orderly
society.
Section 2. The rights of the individual impose upon
him the correlative duty to exercise them
responsibly and with due regard for the rights of
others.
• Filipinos are excellent in portraying a good
model of people with values, virtues, and
integrity.
• Being Maka-tao, would simply mean by
respecting each other’s rights and opinions of
the existing differences in between.
• Embody the clichés and mundane ‘po’ and
‘opo’ of every Filipinos as a sign of respect
to older people or in a higher position
towards them.
PAGKAMAKAKALIKASAN
✓ Concern for the
Environment
PAGKAMAKABANSA
✓ Unity, Equality, Respect for Law and
Government, Patriotism and Promotion of
common good

Section 3. It shall be the duty of every citizen to ✓ Cares for the environment and
engage in gainful work to assure himself and his utilizes resources wisely,
family a life worthy of human dignity. judiciously and economically

Section 4. It shall be the obligation of every citizen 1. Shows a caring attitude toward
qualified to vote to register and the environment.
cast his vote. 2. Practices waste management
3. Conserves energy and resources.
Good Citizenship Values
Volunteerism - the rule of donating time and
The Promotion of the Filipino Values is embodied energy for the welfare of people in the community
inthe Preamble of the 1987 Constitution. as a serious responsibility rather than for any
material or financial reward.
I. Pagkamaka-Diyos
II.Pagkamaka-Tao Volunteers - support our communities and add
III.Pagkamaka-Bansa to them in their own unique way
IV.Pagkamaka-Kalikasan using a wide variety of skills,
knowledge and experience.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
Volunteerism and the Youth
✓ Faith in Almighty God
✓ Respect for life Youth is a symbol for a strong, prosperous,
✓ Order successful and progressive nation. Youth is
✓ Work the backbone of volunteerism. It is fueled
✓ Concern for the family by motivation, determination, energy, drive
and future generations and optimistic approach. It is only the
youth who can bring constructive and
PAGKAMAKA-TAO credible development in many affected
areas of the world.
✓ Love
✓ Freedom Benefits of Volunteering
✓ Peace
✓ Truth ▪ Volunteering connects you to others
✓ Justice ▪ Volunteering is good for your mind and
body
▪ Volunteering can advance your career
▪ Volunteering brings fun and fulfilment to
your life
 Volunteering connects you to others
• Make new friend and contacts
• Increase Social Relationships.
• Cooperation within organization
 Volunteering is good for your mind and
body
Uhappyevents
• Uhappyevents bridges together sponsors and
volunteers to their beneficiaries. They focus on
helping marginalised children by providing
sustainable assistance and teaching them core
values through their creative and meaningful
activities.
• Examples of their activities: arts and crafts
workshops, acting workshops and martial arts
and dance workshops

• It increases self-confidence Gawad Kalinga

• It combats depression
• It helps you stay physically fit
• It provides a sense of purpose.
• Volunteering makes you happy
 Volunteering can advance your career
Volunteering gives you the opportunity to
practice important skills used in workplace,
such as teamwork, communication, problem
solving, project planning task management,
and organization.
• Their mission is simple, “Ending poverty for 5
million families by 2024”. A straightforward line
that speaks a thousand depths. Behind it is the
complexity of how to tackle such a big
commitment.
• Examples of their activities: feeding programs
and kitchen volunteers, house building activities,
youth and child development activities such as
tutoring

 Volunteering brings fun and fulfillment to

your life

It is fun and easy way to express

your interest and passion

Examples of volunteer organization in Philippines

Ivolunteer
• feed the hungry,
• be a friend to an elderly,
• relief goods operation in times
of calamities
• tutoring programs for the
Children

Haribon
Haribon Foundation believes in the role of
people in taking care of the environment
and thus strives to continually promote
community empowerment coupled with
scientific excellence for nature conservation

Red Cross
A name synonymous to blood donation
and immediate relief and assistance
during disasters , Red Cross has since
become a more well-rounded helping
hand focusing on a holistic approach in
uplifting the conditions of the people
who most need its assistance.