ANALYSIS SCHEME OF SOME SIMPLE SALTS

INDEX

NO. SALTS PAGE NO.

1 AMMONIUM CARBONATE 2
2. AMMONIUM ACETATE 2
3. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 3
4. AMMONIUM SULPHATE 3
5. LEAD ACETATE 4
6. LEAD NITRATE 4
7. ALUMINIUM ACETATE 5
8. ALUMINIUM NITRATE 6
9. ALUMINIUM SULPHATE 6
10. ZINC ACETATE 7
11. ZINC CHLORIDE 8
12. ZINC NITRATE 9
13. ZINC SULPHATE 9
14. BARIUM ACETATE 10
15. BARIUM CHLORIDE 11
16. BARIUM NITRATE 12
17. CALCIUM CHLORIDE 13
18. CALCIUM NITRATE 14
19. MAGNESIUM ACETATE 15
20. MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 16
21. MAGNESIUM NITRATE 17
22. MAGNESIUM SULPHATE 18

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 1. AMMONIUM CARBONATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. Brisk effervescence Presence of carbonate
Confirmatory Test for Carbonate
A little of the salt solution is treated with A white precipitate is formed Presence of carbonate
1.
BaCl2 solution. which is soluble in dil. HCl. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
A little of the salt solution is treated with
1. No precipitate Presence of zero group cation
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution.
Analysis of Zero Group (NH4+)
1. A little of the salt is boiled with sodium A colourless pungent smelling
hydroxide (NaOH) solution. gas is evolved. Dense white
fumes are formed when a glass Presence of ammonium (NH4+)
rod dipped in conc. HCl is
shown into it.
To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s A reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium
2.
reagent is added. formed. confirmed.

RESULT: The given salt contains Carbonate as anion and Ammonium as cation. So the given salt is
Ammonium carbonate.

2. AMMONIUM ACETATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. No precipitate Presence of zero group cation

Analysis of Zero Group (NH4+)

1. A little of the salt is boiled with sodium A colourless pungent smelling
hydroxide (NaOH) solution. gas is evolved. Dense white
fumes are formed when a glass Presence of ammonium (NH4+)
rod dipped in conc. HCl is
shown into it.
2. To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s A reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium
reagent is added. formed. confirmed.

RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Ammonium as cation. So the given salt is Ammonium
acetate.

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 3. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
A colourless gas fuming in
moist air is evolved. Dense
white fumes are formed when
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 Presence of chloride
a glass rod dipped in
ammonium hydroxide is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
1. A little of the salt solution is acidified with
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
dil. Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution is
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
added.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. No precipitate Presence of zero group cation

Analysis of Zero Group (NH4+)

1. A little of the salt is boiled with sodium A colourless pungent smelling
hydroxide (NaOH) solution. gas is evolved. Dense white
fumes are formed when a glass Presence of ammonium (NH4+)
rod dipped in conc. HCl is
shown into it.
2. To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s A reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium
reagent is added. formed. confirmed.
RESULT: The given salt contains Chloride as anion and Ammonium as cation. So the given salt is Ammonium
chloride.

4. AMMONIUM SULPHATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc.
No characteristic reaction Absence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it.
5. To a little of the salt solution add BaCl2 A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of sulphate (SO42-)
solution. excess of dil. HCl.
Confirmatory Test for Sulphate
1. To a little of the salt solution, add Acetic A white precipitate is formed Presence of sulphate
acid and lead acetate solution. which is soluble in ammonium confirmed.
acetate.

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 ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. No precipitate Presence of zero group cation

Analysis of Zero Group (NH4+)

1. A little of the salt is boiled with sodium A colourless pungent smelling
hydroxide (NaOH) solution. gas is evolved. Dense white
fumes are formed when a glass Presence of ammonium (NH4+)
rod dipped in conc. HCl is
shown into it.
2. To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s A reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium
reagent is added. formed. confirmed.
RESULT: The given salt contains Sulphate as anion and Ammonium as cation. So the given salt is Ammonium
sulphate.
5. LEAD ACETATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
Analysis of First Group (Pb2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution add
potassium iodide (KI) solution.
2. To a little of the salt solution add dil. Acetic
acid and potassium chromate solution.
White precipitate. Presence of Group I cation
A golden yellow precipitate is
formed which is soluble in hot
Presence of lead (Pb2+)
water and crystallised as
golden spangles on cooling.
Yellow precipitate is formed. Presence of lead confirmed.

RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Lead as cation. So the given salt is Lead acetate.

6. LEAD NITRATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4. No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.

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 Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
Analysis of First Group (Pb2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution add
potassium iodide (KI) solution.
2. To a little of the salt solution add dil. Acetic
acid and potassium chromate solution.
RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Lead as cation. So the given salt is Lead nitrate.
White precipitate. Presence of Group I cation
A golden yellow precipitate is
formed which is soluble in hot
Presence of lead (Pb2+)
water and reappears as golden
spangles on cooling.
Yellow precipitate is formed. Presence of lead confirmed.

7. ALUMINIUM ACETATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate. Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
Presence of Group III cation
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and White gelatinous precipitate
(Al3+)
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
Analysis of Third Group (Al3+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white gelatinous precipitate
Presence of Aluminium (Al3+)
NaOH solution. soluble in excess NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Aluminium
Blue tinted ash
solution. A filter paper dipped in this confirmed.
solution is dried and burnt.
RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Aluminium as cation. So given salt is Aluminium
acetate.

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 8. ALUMINIUM NITRATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.
Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate. Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
Presence of Group III cation
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and White gelatinous precipitate
(Al3+)
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
Analysis of Third Group (Al3+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white gelatinous precipitate
Presence of Aluminium (Al3+)
NaOH solution. soluble in excess NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Aluminium
Blue ash
solution. A filter paper dipped in this confirmed.
solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Aluminium as cation. So the given salt is Aluminium
nitrate.

9. ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc.
No characteristic reaction Absence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it.
5. To a little of the salt solution add BaCl2 A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of sulphate (SO42-)
solution. excess of dil. HCl.

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Confirmatory Test for Sulphate
1. To a little of the salt solution, add Acetic A white precipitate is formed Presence of sulphate
acid and lead acetate solution. which is soluble in ammonium confirmed.
acetate.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate. Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
Presence of Group III cation
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and White gelatinous precipitate
(Al3+)
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
Analysis of Third Group (Al3+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white gelatinous precipitate
Presence of Aluminium (Al3+)
NaOH solution. soluble in excess NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Aluminium
Blue tinted ash
solution. A filter paper dipped in this confirmed.
solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains sulphate as anion and Aluminium as cation. So the given salt is Aluminium
sulphate.

10. ZINC ACETATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
White precipitate. Presence of Group IV (Zn2+)
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.

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 Analysis of Fourth Group (Zn2+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white precipitate soluble in Presence of Zinc (Zn2+)
NaOH solution. excess of NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate
Green tinted ash Presence of Zinc confirmed.
solution. A filter paper dipped in this
solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Zinc as cation. So the given salt is Zinc acetate.

11. ZINC CHLORIDE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
A colourless gas fuming in
moist air is evolved. Dense
white fumes are formed when
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 Presence of chloride
a glass rod dipped in
ammonium hydroxide is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
1. A little of the salt solution is acidified with
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
dil. Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution is
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
added.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
White precipitate. Presence of Group IV (Zn2+)
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
Analysis of Fourth Group (Zn2+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white precipitate soluble in
Presence of Zinc (Zn2+)
NaOH solution. excess of NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate
Green tinted ash Presence of Zinc confirmed.
solution. A filter paper dipped in this
solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Chloride as anion and Zinc as cation. So the given salt is Zinc chloride.

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 12. ZINC NITRATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.
Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
White precipitate. Presence of Group IV (Zn2+)
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
Analysis of Fourth Group (Zn2+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white precipitate soluble in
Presence of Zinc (Zn2+)
NaOH solution. excess of NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate
Green tinted ash Presence of Zinc confirmed.
solution. A filter paper dipped in this
solution is dried and burnt.
RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Zinc as cation. So the given salt is Zinc nitrate.

13. ZINC SULPHATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc.
No characteristic reaction Absence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it.

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5. To a little of the salt solution add BaCl2 A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of sulphate (SO42-)
solution. excess of dil. HCl.
Confirmatory Test for Sulphate
1. To a little of the salt solution, add Acetic A white precipitate is formed Presence of sulphate
acid and lead acetate solution. which is soluble in ammonium confirmed.
acetate.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
White precipitate. Presence of Group IV (Zn2+)
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
Analysis of Fourth Group (Zn2+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white precipitate soluble in
Presence of Zinc (Zn2+)
NaOH solution. excess of NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of Conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate
Green tinted ash Presence of Zinc confirmed.
solution. A filter paper dipped in this
solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Sulphate as anion and Zinc as cation. So the given salt is Zinc sulphate.

14. BARIUM ACETATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.

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5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium Presence of Group V (Ba2+ or
A white precipitate
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium Ca2+) cation.
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
Analysis of Fifth Group (Ba2+ & Ca2+)
1. To the salt solution dil. Acetic acid
An yellow ppt Presence of Barium (Ba2+)
(CH3COOH) and potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) solution are added.
2. Flame Test: A little of the salt is made into
Grassy green colouration to the Presence of Ba2+ confirmed.
a paste with conc. HCl and shown into a
flame.
non-luminous flame.
RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Barium as cation. So the given salt is Barium acetate.

15. BARIUM CHLORIDE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
A colourless gas fuming in
moist air is evolved. Dense
white fumes are formed when
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 Presence of chloride
a glass rod dipped in
ammonium hydroxide is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
1. A little of the salt solution is acidified with
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
dil. Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution is
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
added.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.

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6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium Presence of Group V (Ba2+ or
A white precipitate
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium Ca2+) cation.
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
Analysis of Fifth Group (Ba2+ & Ca2+)
1. To the salt solution dil. Acetic acid
An yellow ppt Presence of Barium (Ba2+)
(CH3COOH) and potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) solution are added.
2. Flame Test: A little of the salt is made into Grassy green colouration to the
Presence of Ba2+ confirmed.
a paste with conc. HCl and shown into a flame.
non-luminous flame.

RESULT: The given salt contains Chloride as anion and Barium as cation. So the given salt is Barium chloride.

16. BARIUM NITRATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.
Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium Presence of Group V (Ba2+ or
A white precipitate
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium Ca2+) cation.
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.

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 Analysis of Fifth Group (Ba2+ & Ca2+)
1. To the salt solution dil. Acetic acid
An yellow ppt Presence of Barium (Ba2+)
(CH3COOH) and potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) solution are added.
2. Flame Test: A little of the salt is made into
Grassy green colouration to the Presence of Ba2+ confirmed.
a paste with conc. HCl and shown into a
flame.
non-luminous flame.
RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Barium as cation. So the given salt is Barium nitrate.

17. CALCIUM CHLORIDE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil.
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
H2SO4 and the smell is noted.
A colourless gas fuming in
moist air is evolved. Dense
white fumes are formed when
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 Presence of chloride
a glass rod dipped in
ammonium hydroxide is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
1. A little of the salt solution is acidified with
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
dil. Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution is
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
added.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium Presence of Group V (Ba2+ or
A white precipitate
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium Ca2+) cation.
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
Analysis of Fifth Group (Ba2+ & Ca2+)
1. To the salt solution dil. Acetic acid
An yellow colouration Presence of Calcium (Ca2+)
(CH3COOH) and potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) solution are added.

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2. Flame Test: A little of the salt is made into Brick red colouration to the
Presence of Ca2+ confirmed.
a paste with conc. HCl and shown into a flame.
non-luminous flame.
RESULT: The given salt contains Chloride as anion and Calcium as cation. So the given salt is Calcium chloride.

18. CALCIUM NITRATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.
Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium Presence of Group V (Ba2+ or
A white precipitate
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium Ca2+) cation.
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
Analysis of Fifth Group (Ba2+ & Ca2+)
1. To the salt solution dil. Acetic acid
An yellow colouration Presence of Calcium (Ca2+)
(CH3COOH) and potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) solution are added.
2. Flame Test: A little of the salt is made into Brick red colouration to the
Presence of Ca2+ confirmed.
a paste with conc. HCl and shown into a flame.
non-luminous flame.

RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Calcium as cation. So the given salt is Calcium nitrate.

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 19. MAGNESIUM ACETATE

No. Experiment Observation Inference

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
Vinegar smell Presence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
Confirmatory Test for Acetate
1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Presence of acetate
A reddish brown colouration
neutral ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate Absence of Group V cation.
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
7. To a little of the salt solution add NH4Cl,
Presence of Group VI cation
NH4OH and disodium hydrogen phosphate White crystalline precipitate.
(Mg2+)
(Na2HPO4).
ANALYSIS OF GROUP VI (Mg2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution, add a few Lake blue ppt which is soluble
Presence of Magnesium
drops of Magneson reagent. in excess of NaOH to form a
(Mg2+)
deep blue solution.
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Magnesium
Pink tinted ash
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in (Mg2+) confirmed.
this solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Acetate as anion and Magnesium as cation. So the given salt is Magnesium
acetate.

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 20. MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
A colourless gas fuming in
moist air is evolved. Dense
white fumes are formed when
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 Presence of chloride
a glass rod dipped in
ammonium hydroxide is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
1. A little of the salt solution is acidified with
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
dil. Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution is
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
added.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate Absence of Group V cation.
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
7. To a little of the salt solution add NH4Cl,
Presence of Group VI cation
NH4OH and disodium hydrogen phosphate White crystalline precipitate.
(Mg2+)
(Na2HPO4).
ANALYSIS OF GROUP VI (Mg2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution, add a few Lake blue ppt which is soluble
Presence of Magnesium
drops of Magneson reagent. in excess of NaOH to form a
(Mg2+)
deep blue solution.
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Magnesium
Pink tinted ash
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in (Mg2+) confirmed.
this solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Chloride as anion and Magnesium as cation. So the given salt is Magnesium
chloride.

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 21. MAGNESIUM NITRATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. Reddish brown vapours are
Presence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it. evolved.
Confirmatory Test for Nitrate
1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt
solution freshly prepared Ferrous sulphate
A brown ring is formed at the
solution is added and mixed well. A few Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
drops of conc. H2SO4 is added through the
sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate Absence of Group V cation.
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
7. To a little of the salt solution add NH4Cl,
Presence of Group VI cation
NH4OH and disodium hydrogen phosphate White crystalline precipitate.
(Mg2+)
(Na2HPO4).
ANALYSIS OF GROUP VI (Mg2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution, add a few Lake blue ppt which is soluble
Presence of Magnesium
drops of Magneson reagent. in excess of NaOH to form a
(Mg2+)
deep blue solution.
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Magnesium
Pink tinted ash
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in (Mg2+) confirmed.
this solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Nitrate as anion and Magnesium as cation. So the given salt is Magnesium
nitrate.

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 22. MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
No. Experiment Observation Inference
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
1. To a little of the salt, add dil. HCl. No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate
2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dil. H2SO4
No vinegar smell Absence of acetate
and the smell is noted.
3. To a little of the salt, add conc. H2SO4 No characteristic reaction Absence of chloride
4. A little of the salt is heated with conc. No characteristic reaction
Absence of nitrate
H2SO4 and a paper ball is added to it.
5. To a little of the salt solution add BaCl2 A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of sulphate (SO42-)
solution. excess of dil. HCl.
Confirmatory Test for Sulphate
1. To a little of the salt solution, add Acetic A white precipitate is formed Presence of sulphate
acid and lead acetate solution. which is soluble in ammonium confirmed.
acetate.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. A precipitate is formed Absence of zero group cation

2. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl No precipitate Absence of Group I cation
3. To a little of the salt solution, add dil. HCl
No precipitate. Absence of Group II cation
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
4. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and No precipitate Absence of Group III cation
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
5. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate. Absence of Group IV cation
hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions and then pass
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas.
6. To a little of the salt solution add
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium
No precipitate Absence of Group V cation.
hydroxide (NH4OH) and ammonium
carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] solutions.
7. To a little of the salt solution add NH4Cl,
Presence of Group VI cation
NH4OH and disodium hydrogen phosphate White crystalline precipitate.
(Mg2+)
(Na2HPO4).
ANALYSIS OF GROUP VI (Mg2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution, add a few Lake blue ppt which is soluble
Presence of Magnesium
drops of Magneson reagent. in excess of NaOH to form a
(Mg2+)
deep blue solution.
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of Magnesium
Pink tinted ash
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in (Mg2+) confirmed.
this solution is dried and burnt.

RESULT: The given salt contains Sulphate as anion and Magnesium as cation. So the given salt is Magnesium
sulphate.

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