ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS OPERATION IN A LOCAL PARK:

INPUTS FOR PARK MANAGEMENT

A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the Limay Polytechnic College
Limay, Bataan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

by:

ELAINE A. CUEVAS
ANIKA COLIN C. MUNGCAL
APPLE D. SAN DIEGO
JUDY ANN R. SERONA
AIRA S. VIBAR
JEVAN A. VILLAESTER

JANUARY 2024
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Accountancy, this thesis entitled “ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS
OPERATION IN A LOCAL PARK: INPUTS FOR PARK MANAGEMENT”
has been prepared and submitted by ELAINE A. CUEVAS, ANIKA COLIN
C. MUNGCAL, APPLE D. SAN DIEGO, JUDY ANN R. SERONA, AIRA S.
VIBAR, and JEVAN A. VILLAESTER, who is recommended for Final Oral
Presentation.

FEBE FERNANDEZ

Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Accountancy by the Committee on Final Oral
Presentation.

FRANCES ANN S. GENESE, MAEd.

Chair

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

January 2024 FRANCES ANN S. GENESE, MAEd

Department Head

Research, Development and Extension

DANILO S. MARATA JR. , CPA ARJAY B. BACSAL, CPA

Critic Member/External Critic Critic Member/External Critic
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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DEDICATION
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………….……0

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………..………5

CHAPTER

I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study …………………………………….…..9

Review of Related Literature ………………………………… .11

Synthesis …………………………………………………………12

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………14

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………...16

Statement of the Problem/Hypothesis …………………….….27

Scope and Limitations …………………………………….……18

Significance of the Study ……………………………………....19

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………..21

II – METHODOLOGY
Research Design …….………………………………..……….22

Sampling Techniques and Respondents …………………...23

Research Instruments ……………………………….……..….24

Construction and Validation of Instrument …………………..26

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Research Ethics ……………………………………………….27

Data Gathering Procedure ………………. ………………….28

Statistical Treatment ………………………………………….29

III – PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

IV – FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings ……………………………………………….…

Conclusions ………………………………………………

Recommendations ………………………………………

V – OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………..…………………………………..

APPENDICES …………………………………………………….
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LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES

Figure Title Page

Table

9
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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page

A Letter of Validation

B Letter to Conduct Survey Addressed to the

C Letter to Conduct Survey Addressed to the

D Research Instrument
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

The public park is an open area designated for different

engagements, such as recreational activities, food, and opportunities. It

allows people to develop their sense of community, reduce stress, and

promote relaxation; offers a variety of cuisines to meet different preferences;

and provides opportunities for entrepreneurs.

Vendors are the individuals who offer their products or services to the

customers. They play a huge part in enriching the park experience of

customers by offering diversified food options and services that will satisfy

their needs. In their daily business operation, they engage in activities such

as producing, selling, and financing their products. These ventures will give

value to the enterprise for their sustainability and profitability, which cover

their day-to-day expenses.

Limay Park is located at Reformista Limay, Bataan. In the past few

years, the vendors in Limay Park started to appear and had put up their

businesses with their furnitures. And in the year 2023, the municipality of
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Limay already provided their tents with a rent fee amounting to thirty pesos

per day. It is under construction which results in having no sufficient

management in terms of local business operations. With the ongoing

development, the business inside the park continues to operate despite

having limited knowledge about sanitation, accounting, and budgeting

control. They also experience having limited access concerning their

amenities and programs that may be provided by the management. The

municipality also encourages and give recommendations to limit the similar

products that the vendors are offering to customers.

As the construction progresses, it can provide a better space for

residents, visitors, and vendors. The retailers were carefully chosen through

background checks, medical requirements, and the gathering of other

personal information. After being accepted, the entrepreneurs will operate

their businesses on their own. And because of other activities that should be

prioritized in particular to the improvement of the park itself. The researchers

would like to recommend and provide information that focuses on the needs

and betterment of the food park vendors.

This study is conducted to present input to the park management

focusing on the food vendors in Limay Park.

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Review of Related Literature

Desye et al., (2023) Vendors play a vital role in ensuring food safety

through the process of producing up to the preparation of foods. Food-borne

diseases (FBD) are a big health problem all over the world. In poorer

countries, the issue is even worse because people often don't handle food

properly. There are problems with keeping things clean, people are not

knowledgeable enough about the rules, regulations, and procedures that

should be conformed.

Cash flow management is the tracking and controlling of how money

comes in and out of a business to properly estimate the cash flow needs. As

conducted by Guliman and Uy (2019), Encouraging Higher Financial Literacy

recommends that Filipino micro and small entrepreneurs need to advance

their financial literacy. The level of financial knowledge has an impact on

their capabilities to make the right decisions (Haaving, 2019). In addition, the

recommendation is supported by Burchi et al. (2021), who stated that

financial literacy focuses on a strong relationship with entrepreneurs,

therefore policymakers should consider investing in more economic and

entrepreneurial training.

This study builds on existing literature focusing on the significance of

budgeting in financial planning and resource management. Public budgeting,

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a system of determining goals and mechanisms that gives an understanding

of how organizations use financial resources. It entails evaluating existing

programs to improve efficiency in administering public resources. These

concepts form the basis of this study on efficient budget management.

(Shawe, 2023).

Insufficient knowledge can affect directly the health of the vendors

and consumers. Thus, street food vendors should be trained on proper

sanitation practices, and local authorities to monitor and enforce these

implementations (Bagumire and Karumuna, 2019).

The convenience of the consumers are important as it influence

purchases and customer’s buying behavior. It entails the improvement of

facility layout in terms of the stalls’ positions, and arrangement of different

sections. Remolino et al., (2023).

Castillo et al., (2020) To have efficient management of business and

competitive advantage, vendors should equip with the knowledge, skills,

educational attainment, and experience.

Synthesis

This study aims to evaluate the business operations within a local

park and provide valuable insights for park management. The study will
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examine the role of vendors in ensuring food safety, considering the

challenges posed by Food-Borne Diseases (FBD). It emphasizes the need

for proper training of street food vendors in sanitation practices and the

importance of local authorities in monitoring and enforcing these practices.

Additionally, the study recognizes the importance of efficient

management in achieving a competitive advantage. It highlights the need for

vendors to have the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to ensure

the smooth running of their businesses.

Furthermore, the study acknowledges the significance of budgeting in

financial planning and resource management. It emphasizes the role of

public budgeting in determining goals and mechanisms for effectively

utilizing financial resources. This includes evaluating existing programs to

enhance efficiency in administering public resources.

In addition, the convenience of consumers is a vital aspect as well in

the assessment of business operations in a local park. The convenience

factor plays a significant role in influencing consumer purchases and their

buying behavior.

By integrating these ideas, the research study aims to provide an

extensive assessment of business operations in the local park, focusing on

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food safety practices, efficient management, and budgeting for resource

optimization.

Theoretical Framework

According to McClay (2022). Operations management theory refers to

a set of practices used by the companies to increase efficiency in production.

It is focused with ensuring that the productions process and business

operations run efficiently as possible. Operations management theory is

used to evaluate business operations at Limay park especially for food park

vendors, because it provides key factors including process efficiency, use of

resources, and customer satisfaction that will provide an input to park

management. Additionally, the use of Total Quality Management approach

will enhance the quality of services offered within the Limay park.

Continuous usage of methodologies may also help to improve processes

and develop overall efficiency in operations.

Role of Food Business Operation in Food Safety Theory, According to

Dudeja and Singh (2017), Food Business Operators (FBOs) in the country

lack formal food safety or hygiene training, with knowledge limited to

licensing and registration. Some of them obtain experience working as staff

members in a food business before opening their own establishment. The

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implementation of Food Safety Standards Act 2006 aims to educate Food

Business Operators and improve food safety standards. Training can reduce

food safety problems by implementing realistic practices within the

workplace. If business operators were trained to advanced levels, they could

then provide basic training for food handlers in-house. Noncompliance often

stems from lack of awareness about current rules and regulations. Increased

awareness and testing of samples are needed to reduce noncompliance.

The government must also increase manpower to ensure strict

implementation of regulations and penalties.

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Conceptual Framework

The framework of the research study is illustrated in the research

paradigm shown in Figure 1.

Input Process Output

• Demographic • Surveys and
Profile (Business Questionnaires
Type, Educational
Attainment, Years • Organizing Data
of experience as a
vendor) • Assessing
• Respondents knowledge levels on Inputs for Park
Management
Level of knowledge a specific aspect of
on Business business operation
Operation
• Amenities and • Analyzing the
programs provided amenities and
to vendors programs provided

Figure 1 illustrates the structural framework of this study. The

foundational Input phase comprises demographic details such as business

type, educational attainment, and vendor experience. It also encompasses

respondents' understanding of business operations, amenities, and

programs offered. The Process involves conducting surveys and

questionnaires to gather data, evaluating knowledge levels in specific

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business aspects, organizing and analyzing the collected data. The research

concludes by addressing operational challenges and knowledge

improvement, offering valuable insights for Park Management.

Statement of the Problem

The main goal of the study is to give input for the management of the park

based on the gathered information from Limay (Food) Park Vendors, the

researchers aimed to seek answers to the following questions:

1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in terms of:

1.1 Business Type;

1.2 Educational Attainment; and

1.3 Years of Experience as a Vendor?

2. What are the respondent's level of knowledge on business

operations in terms of:

2.1 Sanitation Management

2.1.1 Food Safety Practices;

2.1.2 Food Safety Preparation;

2.2 Accounting System; and

2.3 Budgeting

3. What are the amenities and programs provided to vendors:

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3.1 Seminars;

3.2 Training;

3.3 Tables and Chairs;

3.4 Hand Washing Station

3.5 Structure

4. Is there a significant relationship between their level of knowledge

of business operations and their profile?

5. Based on the Findings, What inputs can be crafted for the

business operation in Limay Park?

The hypothesis/es of the study is/are:

1. There is no significant relationship between the vendor’s level of

knowledge in business operations and their profile.

Scope and Limitations

The research aims to gather information from the registered and

actively participating food park vendors located at Reformista Limay, Bataan.

The focus of the study is to analyze their current business operation to

present insights that may be used by the park management.

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This study has a few noteworthy limitations. Firstly, it exclusively

focuses on Limay Park in Bataan, meaning our findings may not necessarily

extend to other parks. The study acknowledges the potential limitation that

respondents' answers may be prone to inaccuracies and biases, which could

impact the overall reliability of the research findings. Additionally, this

research may be constrained by the exclusion of seasonal vendors who are

not registered, as well as registered vendors who are inactive. This exclusion

could potentially affect the comprehensiveness and representativeness of

the study's findings. Moreover, external factors such as weather or local

events unrelated to business might influence our conclusions. Furthermore,

the under-contracting of the park area is identified as a limitation that could

affect the generalizability of the suggestions provided. The findings and

recommendations may need to be revisited or adapted in situations where

contractual constraints influence the implementation of suggested changes.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study holds significance and will benefit the following

individuals/groups:
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Park Management. The findings of this study may give helpful insight

to the management to make informed decisions. It may improve the

business operation and enhance the overall management of the food park.

Local Businesses. By understanding the dynamics of business

operation, this study can help the owners to manage their business

effectively and efficiently. They are also one of the beneficiaries of the

improvements that will happen in the park.

Local Community. Residents of the community will benefit from a

well-managed park with improved amenities, operations, and services. It

may allow them to experience a better place which will be a reason for them

to be satisfied and enjoy the setting. Also, it may give additional jobs, which

will give the opportunity to have increased employment.

Tourism Industry. This study may help the park in becoming a tourist

attraction and a well-managed destination. If so, it can contribute to the

growth of the local tourism industry and may bring future revenue to the

community.

Futurе Rеsеarchеrs. This study can be a foundation for future

researchers to further examine and expand the details that have been

gathered.
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Definition of Terms

Amenities. It refers to the facilities, features, or services that enhance

the comfort, convenience, and enjoyment of a particular place or

environment. These amenities are provided to meet the needs, wants, and

satisfaction of individuals or communities.

Cuisines. The distinctive way and practices of cooking accompanying

with a specific region or culture.

Food-borne pathogens. Microorganisms that leads to illness when

eaten up through contaminated food

Geographic distribution. The pattern or arrangement of something

everywhere on a particular geographical area. It describes how a particular

phenomenon is spread or distributed across different locations on the Earth's

surface.

Ambiguity - a condition or statement that has quite a few possible

interpretation or meaning. It can lead to confusion or uncertainty because of

the lack of clarity or precision in the information given.

Venture - a business or project that requires taking risks to earn

profit. It frequently involves investing time, effort, and resources into a new or

innovative idea or opportunity.

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Sampling - a statistical method where a subcategory of individuals is

chosen from a larger population to estimate characteristics of the whole

population. It's used because it's often impractical or impossible to inspect

each member of a whole population.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers used the quantitative research method and a

descriptive research design. According to Skidmore and Kowalczyk (2023),

the descriptive research is define to describes characteristics of a population

and the study of the data used to examine relationships among variables.

These relationships examine the what instead of the why of the research

study. It can also use a variety of research methods to distinguish between

the various variables that can be used. The quantitative research approach,

according to Bhandari (2020), it is the process of gathering and examining

numerical data, with the help of this technique, researchers are able to

identify trends and averages, formulate predictions, assess casual

relationships, and generalized findings to larger populations. The focus of

this research paper is to provide an inputs to the Limay Park Management to

help the Limay food park vendors to assess their business operations runs

efficiently
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Sampling Techniques and Respondents

Convenience Sampling, a type of non-random sampling also known

as accidental or availability sampling was used in this study. This strategy

focuses on selecting participants who are available at a given time or willing

to participate in the research and can provide the most relevant data to meet

the study's objectives.

Simkus (2023) defines convenience sampling as a sampling method

where participants were collected from an easily accessible and available

group of people.

Furthermore, this method can depend on costs, geographic

distributions, or the facility of obtaining data. It is also a type of sampling

where the first available primary data source will be used for the research

without additional requirements (Gardner et al. 2023).

In this study, the selected active vendors from Limay Park are taken

into consideration. The aforementioned vendors are selected samples of the

study since the aim is to develop a proposal for the business management of

limay park vendors.

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Research Instruments

According to Bhandari (2023), a "questionnaire" is consists of

questions or items used to gather information from the respondents about

their attitudes, opinions, or experiences. Questionnaires can be used to

collect qualitative or quantitative data. In the social and health sciences, as

well as in market research, questionnaires are commonly used. According to

Hassan (2023), a "questionnaire" is a research instrument or survey tool that

is a close-ended questions and responses that designed to accumulate

information from target population by asking them sets of questions related

to specific topics or research objective.

The questionnaires were made based on previous related studies and

from the knowledge given by the manager of the park. This research will be

using close-ended questions. A close-ended questionnaire consists of

questions that can be answered with a short response, typically a yes or no,

or through choosing from a limited set of alternatives. This approach is used

to accumulate specific information and minimize ambiguity in responses.

They are particularly effective for large-scale surveys and saving time

allowing researchers to make statistical inferences fast, making them

valuable for collecting quantitative records and assessing the attitudes or

viewpoints within a target group.

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The questionnaire was broken down into three parts. Section I would

be the socio-demographic profile of the participant. It includes the vendor's

educational attainment, business type and years of experience as a vendor.

In Section II, the level of awareness of the vendors is being collected in

terms of their business operation. Whether they have insights about their

sanitation management, accounting system, and budgeting system. Section

III contains information about the amenities and programs already and to be

provided by the management to the entrepreneurs. These information

includes seminars, training, table and chairs, hand washing station and the

structure of their business in the park. All of the questions have options for

the participants to choose from. In Section I, choices are given, while in

Section II-III, the instrument was structured in a four-point Likert Scale.

Section II - Level of Frequency

Each option has a corresponding point that ranges from:

4 - Always

3 - Most of the time

2 - Sometimes

1 - Never

Section III - Level of Agreement

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Each option has a corresponding point that ranges from:

4 - Strongly Agree

3 - Agree

2 - Disagree

1 - Strongly Disagree

Construction and Validation of Instrument

The research instrument will be a survey questionnaire type and the

formulated draft was based on the related of review literature that has been

gathered and consists of three parts. The main objective is to assess the

level of knowledge of the vendors. The first part is the vendor’s demographic

information, the second part deals with the vendor’s level of knowledge when

it comes on their business operation, and the last part is what are the

amenities and programs that vendors need in their business operation.

The gathered information will be used in inputs for park management.

The usefulness of research instrument is used by the researchers to properly

validate and serve its intended purpose. The draft of the survey

questionnaires was sent to the research advisers for validation and to know

if there were corrections and suggestions.

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Research Ethics

This study is committed to conduct an extensive assessment of the

local park's business operations, with a focus on coming up with valuable

insights for park management. The researchers will be associated with

different key participants involved in the park's operations, including but not

limited to vendors, park management, and customers.

The researchers will make sure that all participants are treated with

the uttermost respect and dignity. Participants will be informed about the

intention of the study, the nature of their involvement, and their right to

withdraw at any point without any consequences. The researchers will also

ensure that participants' permission is obtained prior to any data collection

process.

All data accumulated during the study will be used exclusively for the

purpose of this research and will be remained confidential. Personal and

business information will not be disclosed without the participants' consent.

The researchers acknowledge the essential role of all participants in this

study and be sensitive to their contributions.

The researchers commit to maintain transparency throughout the

research process, sharing their findings, and addressing any perspective

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ethical matters that may arise. They strive for fairness and equal distribution

of benefits and burdens among all those involved in the study.

This research is guided by the principles of respect for persons,

beneficence, and justice. The researchers will adhere to these principles

throughout the study, ensuring that the research is conducted ethically and

responsibly.

Data Gathering Procedure

In conducting the study, researchers will articulate their intentions

through a formal for the Municipality of Limay to gather information about the

current operation of Limay Park. Once authorization is granted, the research

team will proceed with the implementation of survey questionnaires

meticulously crafted to extract valuable insights into critical facets of

business operations within Limay Park.

To ensure the thoroughness and accuracy of participant responses,

the questionnaire has been structured to be completed within a reasonable

timeframe of approximately fifteen (15) minutes. This deliberate approach

allows the participants to read the questions carefully and respond as we

guide them.
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Following the completion of the survey phase, the gathered data will

undergo a rigorous process of analysis employing appropriate statistical

techniques. This analytical phase is crucial because it will offer actionable

insights for refining strategies and implementing targeted interventions that

can elevate the overall business environment within Limay Park, fostering

growth and sustainability for the business operation.

Statistical Treatment

The data collected from participants was subjected to thorough

statistical analysis and evaluation. Microsoft Excel, renowned for its user-

friendly interface and data analysis capabilities, was the chosen program for

this study. Basic descriptive statistics, including measures of frequency, and

measures of central tendency were employed to find patterns and trends

within the information. In the research study, these types of descriptive

statistics were utilized to describe the profile of the respondents, assess their

knowledge of business operations, identify the amenities they needed,

evaluate the programs provided by the management, and identify programs

that the researchers may suggest for improvement.

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CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

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CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings

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Conclusions

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Recommendations

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CHAPTER V

OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

(APA Format)
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A

Letter of Construction/Validation of Instrument

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APPENDIX B

Endorsement Letter for Floating of Instrument

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APPENDIX C

Research Instrument
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CURRICULUM VITAE