Voter Behavior and Elections in the Philippines:
1. Complex Political Landscape
- “Trapo" politics, where personal ties and favors
matter more than political ideas.
- Patronage politics, involving the exchange of
favors for political loyalty.
2. Key Influences on Voting:
- Candidate's popularity, financial resources, and
political machinery.
- Traditional use of "guns, goons, and gold" in
politics.
3. Challenges in the Electoral Process:
- Widespread fraud and violence, known as "dagdag
bawas."
- Unethical practices like employing "flying voters,"
vote-buying, and ballot manipulation.
4. Importance of Voter Awareness:
- Individual voter awareness and vigilance are
crucial to prevent election fraud.
Guiding Vision and Action Points for Citizen Voters:
Vision of Good Government, Leaders, and Citizen Voters:
1. Government:
- Democratization and good governance.
- Accessible election processes.
- Benefits for all, especially the marginalized.
- Reflecting people's agenda.
- Supporting new politics and leaders involving
regular people.
2. Leaders:
- Prioritizing plans and public service over
popularity.
- Promoting the vision and involving citizens in
decision-making.
3. Citizen Voters:
- Voting responsibly and guarding against fraud.
- Choosing leaders aligned with values.
- Protecting democracy's systems and institutions.

Action Points for Citizen-Voters:
Pre-Elections:
1. Engagement
- Participate in preparatory activities.
- Register to vote during the designated period.
- Stay informed about issues and candidates.
2. Guidelines:
- Establish criteria for choosing leaders.
3. Participation:
- Join or attend public debates.
During Elections:
1. Vigilance:
- Exercise vigilance and the right to vote.
2. Conscientious Voting:
- Cast votes based on beliefs and values.
- Protect the integrity of the vote.
After the Elections:
1. Vigilance in Vote Counting:
- Be watchful during the counting and canvassing of
votes.
2. Participate in Local Governance:
- Get involved in local governance activities.
3. Legislative Advocacy:
- Engage with lawmakers for public concerns.
4. Engage in the Political Process:
- Participate in politics by running for office,
supporting candidates, endorsing civil society
initiatives, and expressing views to elected
representatives.
This comprehensive approach emphasizes the
importance of informed, responsible citizenship in
shaping a more inclusive, responsive, and effective
political environment in the Philippines.