GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT

SMART DUSTBIN

April 23, 2023

SMART DUSTBIN
Smart Dustbin Using IOT

Abstract

The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in keeping our
environment clean and also eco friendly. We are inspired from Swaach Bharat Mission. Nowadays
technologies are getting smarter day-by-day. So to clean the environment we are designing a
smart dustbin by using Arduino. This smart dustbin management system is built on the
microcontroller based system having ultrasonic sensors on the dustbin. If dustbin is not
maintained than these can cause an unhealthy environment and can cause pollute that affect our
health. In this proposed technology we have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO,
along with ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and battery jumper wire. After all hardware and
software connection, now Smart Dustbin program will be run. Dustbin lid will when someone
comes near at some range than wait for user to put garbage and close it. It’s properly running or
not. For social it will help toward health and hygiene, for business for we try to make it affordable
to many as many possible. So that normal people to rich people can take benefit from it.

In this project presenting a waste-to-energy conversion system to produce biogas for cooking.
Waste is the main problem of our earth. In most of the cities the overflows garbage bins are
creating an unhygienic environment. This will further lead to arise of different types of unnamed
diseases. This will degrade the standard of living. To overcome these situations an efficient smart
garbage management method has to be developed. Due to rapid population growth,
disorganization of city governments, a lack of public awareness and limited funding for programs,
garbage management is becoming a global problem. Due to the lack of care and attention by the
authorities the garbage bins are mostly seem to be overflowing. Waste processing
technologiescan play a significant role in an integrated waste management system by treating
waste, generating power/energy and reducing the waste volumes for disposal. That’s what this
project involves garbage management idea with bio-gas generation. It contains Ultrasonic sensor
sensors and load cell connected to the garbage tank. Garbage bin is full can be detected when
garbage level reach near to ultrasonic sensor, similarly when garbage weight reach to defined
weight level tells that garbage level in bin is full value, at that time we can use this garbage for
the boigas to produce gas. We keep waste to generate biogas for further use as a fuel.

Introduction

The rate increasing population in our country has increasing rapidly and also we have increase in
garbage which have increased environmental issue. Dustbin is a container which collects
garbage’s or stores items which recyclable or non-recyclable, decompose and non-decompose.
They are usually used in homes, office etc , but in case they are full no one is there to clean it and
the garbage are spilled out. The surrounding of a dustbin is also conducive for increasing the
pollution level. Air pollution due to a dustbin can produce bacteria and virus which can produce
life harmful diseases for human. Therefore, we have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO
UNO, ultrasonic sensor which will sense the item to be thrown in the dustbin and open the lid
with the help of the motor. It is an IOT based project that will bring a new and smart way of
cleanliness. It is a decent gadget to make your home clean, due to practically all offspring of
home consistently make it grimy and spread litter to a great extent by electronics, rappers and
various other things. Since the smart dustbin is additionally intriguing and children make fun with
it so it will help to maintain cleanliness in home. It will be applied for various type of waste.
Dustbin will open its lid when someone/object is near at some range then it will wait for given
time period than it will close automatically. Here lid will close when you don’t want to use and it
will only open when it required.

The process of making things automatic is being abused in all the real fields of life. Making things
automatic reduces load on the human. The cost and exertion utilized as a part of physically
controlled items is significantly higher than the computerized frameworks. Considering the
reality, that the issue of proficient waste administration is one of the significant issues of the
advanced circumstances, there is a most extreme need to address this issue. The best possible
waste administration framework is must for the sterile society by and large and for world in
general. Strong waste which is one of the sources and reasons for ecological contamination has
been characterized under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as any strong, semi-strong
fluid or contained vaporous materials disposed of from mechanical, business, mining or rural
operations and from group exercises. Strong waste additionally incorporates junk, development
flotsam and jetsam, business won't, and ooze from water or waste treatment plants or air
contamination, control offices and other disposed of materials. So as to shield human wellbeing
and nature from the potential dangers of postponed squander transfer and ecological
contamination a methodically regulated and controlled treatment of these squanders is must.
The sort of squanders which constitute natural contamination and which this work underlines on
is residential decline comprising of degradable nourishment squander s, leaves, dead creatures
and non-degradable ones, for example, plastics, bottles, nylon, therapeutic and doctor's facility
squanders, produced in family units, doctor's facilities, businesses and business focuses. The
objective of the proposed system is that the proposed a system which can accurately manage the
garbage from the city. Biogas is produced from biomass through the process of anaerobic
decomposition. Anaerobic bacteria—bacteria that live without the presence of free oxygen—
occur naturally in soils, in water bodies such as swamps and lakes, and in the digestive tracts of
humans and animals. These bacteria eat and break down, or digest, biomass and produce biogas.
Biogas is composed mostly of methane and carbon dioxide. Methane (CH4) is the same energy-
rich compound found in natural gas. The composition of biogas varies from 40%–60% methane to
60%–40% carbon dioxide (CO2), with small amounts of water vapour and other gases.

Required Software and it's use

ARDUINO IDE:

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code to the
Arduino boards.

Required Hardware and it's use

1. ARDUINO UNO:

Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source microcontroller

board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board can be interfaced
with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control relays, LEDs,
servos, and motors as an output.

2. ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic
sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that
relay back information about an object's proximity.
3. SERVO MOTOR:

A Servo Motor is a small device that has an output shaft. This shaft can be positioned to specific
angular positions by sending the servo a coded signal. As long as the coded signal exists on the
input line, the servo will maintain the angular position of the shaft.

4. 9V BATTERY:

A nine-volt battery, either disposable or rechargeable, is usually used in smoke alarms, smoke
detectors, walkie-talkies, transistor radios, test and instrumentation devices, medical batteries,
LCD displays, and other small portable appliances.

5. SOLAR BATTERY:

A solar battery is a device that you can add to your solar power system to store the excess
electricity generated by your solar panels. IT IS THE ALTERNATIVE OF 9V BATTERY.

6. DUSTBIN:

Dustbins are containers which are used to dump the waste generated at homes and in public
places.

Working Principle With Diagram And Schematic View

After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart Dustbin, now observe all the
important setup whether they are well connected or something missed. After connection set up
now next step is to submit/upload code in Arduino and supply power to the circuit. When system
is powered ON, Arduino keeps monitoring for any things that come near the sensor at give range.
When Ultrasonic sensor detect any object for example like hand or others, here Arduino
calculates its distance and if it less than a certain predefines value than servo motor get activate
first and with the support of the extended arm of the lid. Lid will open for a given time than it will
automatically close.
EXECUTION CODE

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;

// defining the pins and variables

int led=6;
#define echoPin 2
#define trigPin 3
long dur; // duration for the echo to reach
int dist; // distance of the object

void setup()
{
pinMode(trigPin,OUTPUT); // trigger as output
pinMode(led,OUTPUT); // led as indication
pinMode(echoPin,INPUT); // echo as input
myservo.attach(9); // giving commands to servo
Serial.begin(9600);

// constantly checking for objects

void loop()
{

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

dur = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

dist = dur*0.034 / 2;
Serial.print("Distance measured : ");
Serial.print(dist);
Serial.println("cm");

/*checking if the object is within a range of

 10cm to 50cm above the sensor or dustbin */

if(dist<=50&&dist>=10){
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
myservo.write(235);
delay(5000);
}
else{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
myservo.write(0);
}

delay(1000);

CODE EXPLANATION

This is an Arduino sketch written in the Arduino Integrated Development

Environment (IDE) using the C++ programming language. The sketch uses an
ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance of an object and a servo motor to
move a dustbin lid when an object is detected within a certain range.

The Servo library is imported at the beginning of the sketch with the
statement #include <Servo.h>, and a Servo object named myservo is defined
later in the setup() function with the statement myservo.attach(9). The 9
specifies that the servo is connected to pin 9 on the Arduino board.

The pins and variables used in the sketch are also defined in the setup()
function. Pin 2 is defined as the echo pin, pin 3 is defined as the trigger
pin, and pin 6 is defined as the LED pin. The pinMode() function is used to
set the pin modes for the trigger and LED pins as outputs, and the echo pin
as an input.

The loop() function is where the main functionality of the sketch is

located. The first few lines of the loop function use the ultrasonic sensor
to measure the distance of an object by sending a trigger pulse to the
sensor, then measuring the duration of the echo pulse that is returned. The
distance is then calculated using the formula dist = dur*0.034 / 2 (the
speed of sound is approximately 34 cm/s).

Next, the sketch checks if the object is within a range of 10cm to 50cm
above the sensor or dustbin with the if statement if(dist<=50&&dist>=10).
If an object is detected within this range, the LED is turned on with the
statement digitalWrite(led,HIGH), and the servo motor is used to move the
dustbin lid with the statement myservo.write(235). The servo angle of 235
is used to open the dustbin lid.

After a delay of 5 seconds with the delay() function, the LED is turned off
with the statement digitalWrite(led,LOW), and the servo motor is used to
close the dustbin lid with the statement myservo.write(0). The servo angle
of 0 is used to close the dustbin lid.

If an object is not detected within the specified range, the LED remains
off and the dustbin lid remains closed.
The delay() function is used to create a delay of 1 second between each
measurement taken by the ultrasonic sensor. The Serial.print() and
Serial.println() functions are used to print the distance measured by the
sensor to the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE for debugging purposes.

DISCUSSION

After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart
Dustbin, now observe all the important setup whether they are well
connected or something missed. After connection set up now next step is to
submit/upload code in Arduino and supply power to the circuit. When system
is powered ON, Arduino keeps monitoring for any things that come near the
sensor at give range. When Ultrasonic sensor detect any object for example
like hand or others, here Arduino calculates its distance and if it less
than a certain predefines value than servo motor get activate first and
with the support of the extended arm of the lid. Lid will open for a given
time than it will automatically close.

When the waste is completely decomposed in the bin the channel made to
another container will push the biogas to the container with the help of a
motorized fan which is attached at the mouth of the dustbin channel and
will store the gas. As we know that biogas is renewable fuel that's
produced when organic matter such as food, animal waste , is broken down by
microorganisms in absence of oxygen and this process is called anaerobic
digestion.

CONCLUSION

Here we are going to make an evolution changes toward cleanliness. The

combination of intelligent waste monitoring and trash compaction
technologies, smart dustbins are better and shoulders above traditional
garbage dustbin. It is equipped with smart devices like sensor Arduino etc.
Lid of the dustbin will automatically open when an object comes near to the
dustbin and after certain time period it will close the lid. For social it
will help toward health and hygiene, for business for we try to make it
affordable to many as many possible. So that normal people to rich people
can take benefit from it. Believe this will bring something changes in term
of cleanliness as well technology. So our next work will be adding one more
sensor which will sense whether our dustbin is full or not. And there will
be a display will be added so that user can notify that dustbin is full or
not.

NILAMBAR SARKAR(2130118)
HARSHVARDHAN SINGH(2130108)
NILESH PRADHAN(2130119)
ABHISEAK GUPTA(2130175)