KS3 Food and Digestion

Definitions Test for food groups

1 Oesophagus A muscular tube that squeezes food from 16 Starch test Iodine is orange. It will turn black in a positive test
the mouth to the stomach. (Also known as
the gullet.)
2 Stomach A muscular organ that churns up the food. 17 Sugar Benedicts solution is blue. When heated with sugar it will turn
Enzymes and stomach acid are added “brick red”.
here.
3 Small intestines Absorption of nutrients into the blood stream 18 Protein Biuret solution is blue. When heated with protein it will turn
happens here. purple.
4 Peristalsis The muscular contraction that squeezes Products of digestion
food down the oesophagus.
5 Protein Needed for growth and repair. 19 Amino acids Proteins are broken down into amino acids using protease
enzymes.
6 Carbohydrates Needed for energy. 20 Fatty acids Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol using lipase
enzymes.
7 Fats Needed for insulation of nerve cells and 21 Simple sugars Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars using
body insulation. carbohydrase enzymes e.g Amylase in saliva.
8 Fibre Needed to provide the “bulk” for faeces
(poo). Keeps the intestines working properly.
9 Vitamins and Help maintain general health and fitness.
minerals
10 Enzymes Biological catalysts that speed up the rate
of a reaction. Enzymes help speed up
digestion.
11 Denatured Enzymes can be altered in shape if exposed
to high temperatures or pH.
12 Deficiency Diseases can be caused by a lack of
nutrients. E.g scurvy, anaemia.
13 Obesity Being excessively overweight. Can result in
type 2 diabetes, CHD, high blood pressure
14 Villi Finger like structures that line the small
intestines. These give a larger surface area
for absorption.
15 Digestion The break- down of large insoluble Diagram 1: Parts of the digestive system Diagram 2: Lock and Key theory.
molecules into smaller soluble molecules.