ELECTRICAL MACHINES 2

AC MOTOR (INDUCTION MOTOR)

LECTURE 7

Prepared by: Engr. Franklin C. Almonte

Generated Voltage and Frequency in a Rotor
 The relative speed of the rotor with respect to the revolving field will affect both the generated
voltage in the rotor and the frequency of the current in the rotor conductors.
 at standstill, the flux is cutting each turn in the stator at exactly the same rate as in the rotor, it
follows that the rotor voltage per phase is equal to the impressed stator voltage per phase
multiplied by the ratio of the rotor to stator turns per phase.
 At a slip of 50 percent, the generated voltage in each phase of the rotor and its frequency will be
exactly one-half of the standstill values. At 25 percent slip, the generated voltage and frequency
will be 25 percent of the standstill values.
Rotor Current and Power
The actual conversion of electrical power into mechanical power always takes place in
the rotor of a motor.
Rotor current per phase equals generated voltage in the rotor per phase sEBR divided by
the rotor impedance ZR per phase.

Two Components of rotor impedance

1. the rotor resistance RR
2. the leakage reactance sXBR, (note that the reactance is proportional to the slip s
because it is a function of the rotor frequency).
Rotor Current and Power

Since it is convenient to have a circuit in which the actual rotor resistance RR appears, RR/s may
be divided into components whose sum is its equivalent.
 Rotor Current and Power
This circuit may be interpreted to mean that the total
power delivered to the rotor per phase consists of two
parts:
1. the power that causes copper loss and
2. the electric power that is converted into mechanical
power.
Thus on per phase basis
Example 1
A three-phase 60-cycle six-pole 220-volt wound-rotor induction motor has a stator that is
connected in Δ and a rotor that is connected star. The rotor has half as many turns as the
stator. For a rotor speed of 1,110 rpm, calculate: (a) the slip; (b) the blocked-rotor voltage
per phase EBR; (c) the rotor generated voltage per phase ER; (d) the rotor voltage between
terminals; (e) the rotor frequency.
Solution
Example 2
Using the data of Example 1, calculate the rotor current if RR = 0.1 ohm and XBR = 0.5 ohm.
Solution
Example 3
Using the data of Examples 1 and 2, calculate: (a) the rotor power input; (b) the rotor
copper loss; (c) the rotor power developed by the rotor, in watts; (d) the rotor power
developed by the rotor in horsepower (1 hp = 746 watts).
Solution
Example 4
A 3-Ø induction motor having a star-connected rotor has an induced e.m.f. of 80 volts
between slip-rings at standstill on open-circuit. The rotor has a resistance and reactance
per phase of 1 Ω and 4 Ω respectively. Calculate current/phase and power factor when (a)
slip-rings are short-circuited (b) slip-rings are connected to a star-connected rheostat of 3
Ω per phase.
Solution
Example 5
A 1100-V, 50-Hz delta-connected induction motor has a star-connected slip-ring rotor with
a phase transformation ratio of 3.8. The rotor resistance and standstill leakage reactance
are 0.012 ohm and 0.25 ohm per phase respectively. Neglecting stator impedance and
magnetizing current determine.
i. the rotor current at start with slip-rings shorted
ii. the rotor power factor at start with slip-rings shorted
iii. the rotor current at 4% slip with slip-rings shorted
iv. the rotor power factor at 4% slip with slip-rings shorted
v. the external rotor resistance per phase required to obtain a starting current of 100 A in
the stator supply lines.
Solution