Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 4Th Edition King Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Science of Psychology An Appreciative
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Chapter 10
Motivation and Emotion
1. _____ is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do, resulting in behavior that is energized, directed, and sustained.
A. Intuition
B. Autonomy
C. Apathy
D. Motivation
Page: 326
APA Outcome: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Define motivation and discuss its role in physical and psychological health.
Topic: Motivation
Feedback: Theories of Motivation
2. Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is ridden by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go
to the kitchen to search for food. Olivia’s behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of
A. intuition.
B. motivation.
C. sensation.
D. perception.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Evolutionary Approach to Motivation
3. Jenna studies judiciously for three hours every day because she wants to ace her pre-final exams. The force that guides Jenna to engage in such
behavior is called
A. motivation.
B. instinct.
C. apathy.
D. intuition.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Low
4. Which of the following best defines an instinct?

A. an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need
B. a deprivation that energizes a drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
C. an innate biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species
D. a type of behavior that is inculcated through experience and learning
Page: 326
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Instinct
Feedback: The Evolutionary Approach
5. Whenever a dog falls into a puddle of water, it shakes itself to dry its wet fur. Which of the following best describes the dog’s pattern of behavior?
A. self-regulation
B. intuition
10-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
C. instinct
D. desire
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Instinct
6. Loggerhead turtles lay their eggs underground, in sandy beaches. As soon as the eggs hatch, the infant turtles crawl out of their nests and move
toward the sea. Which of following best describes this pattern of behavior?
A. motivation
B. drive
C. instinct
D. desire
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Instinct
7. Dr. Know-it-All hosts a TV talk show. One of his guests, Joe Collins, complains of his intense annoyance with people who talk on their cell
phones while driving. Joe asks Dr. Know-it-All to explain why he reacts so strongly to this type of situation. Dr. Know-it-All immediately exclaims
that Joe has an instinct for cell phone irritation. Is Dr. Know-it-All correct to assume that instinct is the cause of Joe’s behavior?
A. Yes, an instinct is the basis for all human behaviors.
B. Yes, an instinct is a person’s primal reaction to all annoying behaviors.
C. No, an instinct can only explain adaptive human behaviors.
D. No, an instinct cannot explain complex human behaviors accurately.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Instinct
8. Drive pertains to a(n) _____, whereas need involves a physiological one.

A. innate state
B. psychological state
C. physical state
D. biological state
Page: 326
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Distinguish among the drive, incentive, and evolutionary approaches to understanding motivation.
Topic: Drive Reduction Theory
Feedback: Drive Reduction Theory
9. Vineet is bored. He wants to play soccer with his friends. He goes to a store and buys himself a ball and then plays with his friends. In this case,
Vineet is satisfying his
A. sensation.
B. need.
C. reflex.
D. perception.
Page: 326
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
10-2
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
10. The feeling of hunger that initiates the act of opening a refrigerator for food best represents a(n)
A. instinct.
B. objective.
C. drive.
D. reflex.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
11. Nate begins to feel very thirsty during an annual sports meet in his college. Since he forgot to carry a bottle of water, Nate decides to go to the
cafeteria to get some soda. Which of the following is responsible for urging Nate to walk toward the cafeteria to quench his thirst?
A. instinct
B. intuition
C. drive
D. reflex
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
12. After fasting for an entire day, Cecilia feels absolutely hungry. She wants to have a double burrito to satiate herself. In this case, the burrito
represents her
A. instinct.
B. reflex.
C. drive.
D. need.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
13. Lorenzo is very sad that he fought with his best friend, Clarke. Lorenzo knows that a chocolate ice cream always helps him get rid of his sadness.
In this case, Lorenzo’s feeling of sadness represents his _____ for ice cream.
A. drive
B. desire
C. reflex
D. instinct
Page: 326
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
10-3
14. Identify a true statement about the drive reduction theory.
A. Drive pertains to a physiological state, whereas need involves a psychological one.
B. Drive always follow from needs.
C. The goal of drive reduction theory is overlearning.
D. As a drive becomes stronger, an individual is motivated to decrease it.
Page: 327
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
15. _____ is the body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance.
A. Homeostasis
B. Self-regulation
C. Hypostasis
D. Self-actualization
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
16. Veronica dives into a swimming pool on a chilly winter day. Initially, she feels very cold and begins to shiver. However, after a while, Veronica
stops shivering as her body begins to use energy to maintain its normal temperature. This phenomenon can be best explained as
A. self-regulation.
B. homeostasis.
C. hypostasis.
D. self-actualization.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
17. Camilla goes out to shop one afternoon on a hot summer day. Her body begins to sweat and releases the excess heat. Which of the following is
responsible for this physiological change in Camilla’s body?
A. diastases
B. self-actualization
C. self-regulation
D. homeostasis
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
18. As a person exercises, the oxygen levels in his body begin to drop. Hence, the person begins to breathe more rapidly in order to ensure an
adequate supply of oxygen to his cells. This increase in his breathing rate is an attempt to restore
A. drive.
B. homeostasis.
C. hypostasis.
D. self-actualization.
10-4
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
19. Jessica stayed up all night to study for a math exam. After the test, she returned to her dorm room and slept for seven hours to compensate for her
lack of sleep. In the context of drive reduction theory, Jessica’s sleeping behavior was regulated by her body’s tendency to maintain
A. self-preservation.
B. self-regulation.
C. homeostasis.
D. hypostasis.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
20. The goal of the drive reduction theory is

A. overlearning.
B. self-regulation.
C. self-actualization.
D. homeostasis.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
21. A major criticism of the drive reduction theory is that it does not provide a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation because
A. all behaviors reduce drives.
B. people often behave in ways that increase drives.
C. there is no behavior that actually reduces drives.
D. the concept of drive reduction has never been proven.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
22. Identify a true statement about overlearning.

A. It is ineffective in a state of crisis.
B. It adversely affects the performance of a task.
C. It reduces the ability of an individual to achieve homeostasis.
D. It is reliable under conditions of high arousal.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Optimum Arousal Theory
Feedback: Optimum Arousal Theory

10-5
23. The Yerkes–Dodson law states that
A. people at the low end of arousal are too lethargic to perform their tasks well.
B. people perform well when they are strained to focus on their tasks.
C. people perform poorly under conditions of moderate arousal.
D. people are motivated by their instincts rather than their state of arousal to perform a task.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Yerkes–Dodson Law
24. Paige is a good golfer but has no interest in the upcoming golf tournament. Mary is fairly good at golf and is somewhat excited, but not overly
anxious about the tournament. Sara has only recently learned to play golf but has very high expectations and is really nervous about the tournament.
Jenna is also a beginner, but she does not expect to play well. According to the Yerkes–Dodson law, who among the following will perform the best
at the golf tournament?
A. Paige
B. Mary
C. Sara
D. Jenna
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
25. Haruki is an excellent dancer. However, he claims that he can dance only when there are very few people watching his performance. He admits
that his performance drastically declines when he dances alone because he does not feel motivated to dance for himself. His best performances are
when there are just a moderate number of people watching his performance. Haruki’s theory on his dancing is consistent with the
A. Cannon–Bard theory.
B. Yerkes–Dodson law.
C. self-regulation theory.
D. drive reduction theory.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
26. Darrin is a good pianist. However, when he is alone, he becomes lethargic and is not motivated to perform well. At recitals with strangers, Darrin
gets very overly aroused and often makes mistakes. His best performance is typically when his family and friends are nearby. In such situations,
Darrin isn’t nervous and is only moderately aroused. This scenario best exemplifies
A. Yerkes–Dodson law.
B. two-factor theory.
C. James–Lange theory.
D. self-regulation.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
27. Who among the following is most likely to be an advocate of the Yerkes–Dodson law?
10-6
A. Jacob, who believes that people perform best when their arousal is neither high nor low
B. Ranieri, who believes that people perform extremely well under conditions of high arousal
C. Sylvia, who believes that people’s performance has no relation with their state of arousal
D. Christina, who believes that people perform poorly under conditions of moderate arousal
Page: 327
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
28. The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)

A. signals the brain to stop digesting the food.
B. travels to the brain and triggers hunger.
C. travels to the stomach to aid in digestion.
D. signals a person to stop eating.
Page: 328
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Name physiological, psychological, and cultural factors that influence hunger.
Topic: Biology of Hunger
Feedback: The Biology of Hunger
29. When a person’s blood sugar level falls too low, he feels
A. energized.
B. hungry.
C. warm.
D. satiated.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
30. Which of the following is most closely related to blood sugar control?
A. leptin
B. epinephrine
C. insulin
D. cholecystokinin
Page: 329
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
31. Because the brain critically depends on glucose for energy, a sprinter would best be served by eating _____ prior to a race.
A. candy
B. lasagna
C. steak
D. broccoli
Page: 329
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
10-7
32. Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake. He eats a candy bar for breakfast instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has
fewer calories. Is Gary doing the right thing?
A. Yes, the number of calories is the most important factor in losing weight.
B. Yes, the candy bar will keep Gary from getting hungry longer than if he had eaten the cereal.
C. No, the candy bar contains complex carbohydrates which will make Gary gain more weight.
D. No, the candy bar will make Gary hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
33. In humans, high concentrations of leptin has been linked with

A. increased food intake.
B. decreased energy metabolism.
C. binge eating.
D. weight loss.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
34. Identify a true statement about leptin.

A. It increases body weight.
B. It increases energy metabolism.
C. It is associated with excess body fat.
D. It is strongly linked with binge eating.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
35. Debbie is interested in working on projects that will help fight childhood obesity. She is offered a job in a laboratory where researchers are
studying the effects of leptin on weight control. Is the job relevant to Debbie’s interest?
A. No, leptin is only relevant to animal weight control.
B. No, leptin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with memory.
C. Yes, leptin is a hormone that is involved in blood-sugar regulation.
D. Yes, leptin is a hormone that is linked to human weight loss.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
36. Leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are similar in that they are both associated with
A. decreasing food intake.
10-8
B. low blood-sugar levels.
C. high levels of insulin.
D. triggering feelings of hunger.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
37. Soon after meeting with a car accident, Sally was rushed to the hospital. The doctors discovered that Sally’s ventromedial hypothalamus had
suffered some damage as a result of the accident. In the context of the biology of hunger, the doctor should expect that Sally will
A. lose weight rapidly.
B. lose weight gradually.
C. gain weight rapidly.
D. gain weight gradually.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
38. Which of the following is a role of the brain processes and blood chemistry on hunger?
A. Ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in reducing hunger.
B. Destruction of hypothalamus causes a rapid increase in the hunger levels of an individual.
C. Leptin increases food intake and reduces energy expenditure.
D. Serotonin antagonists cause obesity in humans.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
39. Who among the following is most likely to show no interest in eating?
A. Hagen, who has a destroyed lateral hypothalamus
B. Claudia, who has a damaged ventromedial hypothalamus
C. Divya, who has very low levels of leptin
D. Sharon, who has bulimia nervosa
Page: 329
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
40. Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body?
A. The hormone cytokine helps start the digestion of food, travels to the brain through the bloodstream, and signals a person to stop eating.
B. Galactose is an important factor in hunger, probably because the brain critically depends on it for energy.
C. The lateral hypothalamus is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating.
D. Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors, located in the brain, when sugar levels fall too low.
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10-9
41. _____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.
A. Adrenalin
B. Insulin
C. Leptin
D. Calcitonin
Page: 330
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
42. _____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.

A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Norepinephrine
Page: 330
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
43. _____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.
A. Basal metabolic rate
B. Resting metabolic rate
C. Set point
D. Body mass index.
Page: 330
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
44. Identify a true statement about adipose cells.

A. They are fat cells that are stored in one’s body.
B. They are absent in normal-weight individuals.
C. They are less in obese individuals than in normal-weight individuals.
D. They reduce the capacity of obese individuals to consume more food.
Page: 330
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
45. Danielle is a woman of normal weight, whereas Ron is an obese man. Whenever they go out to dinner together, Ron always eats more food. Ron,
a psychology major, correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that
A. males release leptin at a slower rate than females.
B. he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled.
10-10
C. the ventromedial hypothalamus of his brain induces in him an urge to take in large portions of food.
D. males and females have different levels of the hormone cholecystokinin.
Page: 330
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
46. Edna loves McDonald’s sweet tea. Whenever she sees the famous “golden arches”, she drives right in and orders a sweet tea. This best illustrates
the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.
A. learned associations
B. negative reinforcement
C. avoidance learning
D. modeling
Page: 331
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
47. Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?

A. An obese individual can have up to 10 to 20 billion fat cells.
B. An obese individual has to eat more to feel satisfied.
C. An obese individual has an intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss.
D. An obese individual weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.
Page: 330
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
48. Sean is an obese teenager. He has strong cravings for food. He eats large portions of food every day. His mother, Anita, is worried about his
eating habits as well as the health hazards that might arise as a result of overeating. Which of the following measures can prove most effective in
curbing Sean’s obesity?
A. Sean should only eat until he is satiated.
B. Anita should compel Sean to finish all the food in his plate.
C. Anita should serve food to Sean in a small-sized plate and bowl.
D. Sean should follow a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
Page: 331
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
49. Identify a feature of anorexia nervosa.

A. Anorexia nervosa is rare among teens.
B. People with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level.
C. People with anorexia nervosa have an intense fear of losing weight.
D. Anorexia nervosa has the lowest mortality rate of any physiological disorder.
Page: 331
Bloom's: Understand
10-11
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and discuss possible causes for these disorders.
Topic: Anorexia Nervosa
Feedback: Disordered Eating
50. Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?

A. high blood pressure
B. thickening of bones and hair
C. binge-and-purge eating pattern
D. severe constipation
Page: 332
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
51. Who among the following is most likely to be suffering from anorexia nervosa?
A. Essme, who refuses to eat any meal for fear of gaining weight
B. Alison, who recurrently binge eats in her apartment when her parents are away
C. Amira, who binges and purges on a regular basis
D. Layla, who eats excessively among friends but not when alone
Page: 331
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
52. Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight. She indulges in strict dieting and often skips her meals. As a result, she was recently diagnosed
with osteoporosis, an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones. Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with
A. somnambulism.
B. anorexia nervosa.
C. bulimia nervosa.
D. binge eating disorder.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
53. Mariah is an adolescent. She idolizes Gisele Bundchen, the famous supermodel. Mariah desires to be skinny like Gisele because she believes that
being thin is considered attractive. In her pursuit of losing weight, Maria often refrains from eating for several full days. She begins to fear the
thought of gaining weight and is not satisfied even when she loses weight. Mariah is most likely suffering from
A. bulimia nervosa.
B. obesity.
C. binge eating disorder.
D. anorexia nervosa.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
10-12
54. Amber wants to reduce her weight. She is already below the normal weight level for her age group. She goes on a strict diet to reduce her weight
and refuses to eat anything for fear of gaining weight. Amber is most likely suffering from
A. gender dysphoria.
B. binge eating disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
Page: 331–332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
55. Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

A. Anorexia nervosa is much more common in boys and men than in girls and women.
B. People suffering from this disorder weigh more than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.
C. Most individuals with anorexia nervosa are Latin American female adolescents or young adults from low income families.
D. Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
56. Paris thinks her friend, Nicole, may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa. She shares her concerns with Nicole, but Nicole
insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue. Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?
A. It can cause damage to the thyroid.
B. It can cause extreme changes in personality.
C. It can cause volatile mood swings.
D. It can severely impair logical thinking.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
57. Identify a true statement about bulimia nervosa.

A. It is more common in males than in females.
B. It typically begins in late adolescence.
C. It is the easiest disorder to detect as it occurs within a normal weight range.
D. It is associated with high levels of self-efficacy in individuals.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Bulimia Nervosa
58. Though her weight is normal, Ashley is terrified of gaining extra pounds. She knows she should stick to a healthy diet, but she often consumes
huge servings of junk food—up to 5,000 calories in one sitting. Desperate to keep her weight under control, she then uses laxatives and diuretics to
purge the calories. Ashley is suffering from:
A. anorexia nervosa.
B. bulimia nervosa.
C. obesity.
D. binge eating disorder.
10-13
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
59. Rachel is a young woman of medium build. On a professional level, she has very high standards but suffers from low confidence. Rachel often
engages in impulsive eating. However, after eating, she purges by self-induced vomiting because she has a fear of gaining weight. Rachel is most
likely to be diagnosed with
A. bulimia nervosa.
B. obesity.
C. bipolar disorder.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
60. Brianna has a sweet tooth. She cannot resist the urge to eat fudge brownies and chocolate tarts. She relishes feasting on sugary food items.
However, being of a slim build, she wants to maintain her weight. She often gets depressed about her uncontrollable eating urges and consumes
emetic, a drug to induce barfing. Brianna is most likely suffering from
A. bulimia nervosa.
B. obesity.
C. bipolar disorder.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
61. Which of the following is true of the causes and treatments of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?
A. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa only occur in cultures that emphasize the ideal of thinness.
B. Problems in regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine are related to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
C. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect the body but do not have any effect on the brain.
D. Although anorexia and bulimia nervosa are serious disorders, recovery is possible.
Page: 333
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
62. Individuals with binge eating disorder (BED)

A. purge multiple times a day.
B. place less value on their appearance than obese individuals who do not suffer from BED.
C. place great value on their body shape than obese individuals who do not suffer from BED.
D. eat less food for longer hours in a day.
Page: 333
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10-14
Topic: Disordered Eating
63. Which of the following is true of individuals with binge eating disorder (BED)?
A. They feel complete control over eating.
B. They do not try to compensate for what they have eaten by purging.
C. They do not feel ashamed or disgusted after bingeing.
D. They frequently eat in public and among friends and feel positively strong about their eating behavior.
Page: 333
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
64. Adam is a teenager with a huge appetite. He has an uncontrollable urge to eat large portions of junk food within very short intervals of time. He is
embarrassed by his eating disorder and hence prefers eating alone. Adam is most likely suffering from
A. binge eating disorder.
B. anorexia nervosa.
C. bulimia nervosa.
D. bipolar disorder.
Page: 333
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
65. Which of the following health complications is related to binge eating disorder (BED)?
A. tooth decay
B. thinning of bones and hair
C. hypertension
D. kidney problems
Page: 333
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
66. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the strongest human needs are
A. physiological needs.
B. the needs for self-actualization.
C. the needs for self-esteem.
D. safety needs.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Characterize approaches to motivation in everyday life.
Topic: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Feedback: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
67. Which of the following is true of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A. The weakest needs are at the base of the hierarchy, and the strongest are at the top.
B. Self-actualization is possible before the other needs in the hierarchy are met.
10-15
C. Most people continue moving up the hierarchy after they have developed a high level of esteem.
D. The higher-level needs can only be observed in a person who is relatively satisfied in the most basic needs.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
68. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, before a person can feel safe, he needs to
A. satisfy his physiological needs.
B. find intimacy.
C. achieve self-actualization.
D. develop high self-esteem.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
69. In accordance with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following factors can best explain a person’s difficulty in committing to a
relationship?
A. He does not have financial security.
B. He has not achieved self-actualization.
C. He likes to be alone.
D. His esteem needs are not fulfilled yet.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
70. Jared is a salesman at a large retail store. Upon meeting his monthly sales target, he is honored with the title of “Star Salesman” by the
management. Despite the recognition, Jared is not very happy. He feels that the management should have rewarded him with a bonus instead of a
title. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is Jared seeking to fulfill?
A. safety needs
B. physiological needs
C. esteem needs
D. self-actualization needs
Page: 334
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
71. Dennis works as a salesman at a large retail store. He is happily married and lives in a safe neighborhood. He earns enough of money to eat and
provide for his family. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is Dennis most likely to fulfill next?
A. physiological needs
B. self-actualization
C. esteem
D. love and belongingness
Page: 334
10-16
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
72. Amir works as a senior engineer in a firm. Despite getting a good salary, he feels unhappy that he has never received the “best employee” award
for his work efforts. He feels that people do not appreciate his work and he seeks a non-monetary appreciation of his work. In the context of
Maslow’s hierarchy of need, this illustrates Amir’s
A. safety needs.
B. esteem needs.
C. need for belongingness.
D. self-actualization needs.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
73. While free meals provided at schools are an attempt to satisfy one of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, students may still fail to experience a strong
sense of acceptance and belonging unless they
A. reach self-actualization.
B. feel like they are leaders.
C. feel safe at school.
D. have advanced thinking abilities.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
74. At the age of 33, Ricky is a highly-ranked partner in a law firm. He lives by himself and doesn’t find the time to socialize. He has a lavish house
with an elaborate security system and owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following can best
explain Ricky’s discontentment with life?
A. Ricky’s physiological needs are not being met.
B. Ricky’s need for belongingness is not being met.
C. Ricky has not reached self-actualization.
D. Ricky does not feel safe at home.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
75. The highest and most elusive of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is

A. esteem.
B. self-actualization.
C. belongingness.
D. competence.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
10-17
76. In the context of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, identify a true statement about self-actualization.
A. It is the least elusive of Maslow’s needs.
B. It is fulfilled before fulfilling safety and esteem needs.
C. It is the highest of Maslow’s needs.
D. It is the motivation of an individual to attain his or her need for belongingness.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
77. In the context of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, identify a true statement about physiological needs.
A. It is the most elusive of Maslow’s needs.
B. It is fulfilled before safety needs are fulfilled.
C. It is the highest of Maslow’s needs.
D. It is fulfilled after need for self-actualization is fulfilled.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
78. According to self-determination theory, which of the following constitutes the three basic organismic needs of human beings?
A. competence, thirst, and sex
B. hunger, security, and love
C. competence, autonomy, and relatedness
D. hunger, esteem, and relatedness
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: High
Topic: Self-Determination Theory
Feedback: Self-Determination Theory
79. Lidia graduated from college 10 years ago and is considering a career change. She is eager to find a position that provides her with challenges and
allows her to grow as a person. To learn about potential career paths, she signs up for classes at the local community college. According to self-
determination theory, Lidia’s desire to explore and grow as a person reflects
A. relatedness.
B. extrinsic motivation.
C. competence.
D. homeostasis.
Page: 335
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
80. Rahul wants to be a nuclear physicist. He believes that he can compete with his peers and achieve his goal of becoming the best nuclear physicist
in the world. In the context of competence motivation, his beliefs represent his
A. mastery.
B. impulsivity.
C. relatedness.
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D. self-efficacy.
Page: 335
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
81. In the context of self-determination theory, which of the following best defines the term relatedness?
A. the sense that one can gain skills and overcome obstacles
B. the sense of being independent and self-reliant
C. the need to engage in warm relations with other people
D. the belief that one has the capability to accomplish related tasks
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
82. In the context of self-determination theory, which of the following best defines the term autonomy?
A. the sense that one can gain skills and overcome obstacles
B. the sense of being independent and self-reliant
C. the need to engage in warm relations with others
D. the belief that one has the capability to accomplish a task
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
83. Zaina is a firm advocate of self-determination theory. Which of the following points is she most likely to make?
A. Progress on goals that serve the organismic needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness has little effect on an individual’s well-being.
B. People value extrinsic values over organismic needs in order to achieve self-actualization.
C. People experience intrinsic motivation when behaviors serve the organismic needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
D. People experience heightened fulfilment when they are forced to make choices.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
84. Behavior that is extrinsically motivated serves needs for which of the following values?
A. relatedness
B. competence
C. autonomy
D. prestige
Page: 336
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Extrinsic Motivation

10-19
85. In the context of self-determination theory, who among the following is most likely to experience a higher level of well-being?
A. Rudolph, who spends all his energy and effort on making more money
B. Ray, who focuses on attaining his competence, relatedness, and autonomy needs
C. Gary, who focuses on enhancing his prestige value among his peers
D. Vincet, who focuses all his efforts on improving his extrinsic qualities
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
86. Many psychologists believe that

A. intrinsic motivation leads to more positive outcomes than extrinsic motivation.
B. that extrinsic motivation is more likely to produce competent behavior and mastery.
C. extrinsic motivation leads to more positive outcomes than intrinsic motivation.
D. that extrinsic motivation enhances intrinsic motivation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
Feedback: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation

Topic: Intrinsic Motivation
87. Every time Devon exceeds his sales target for his month, the sales manager rewards him with a bonus of 20 percent. Devon says that his desire to
perform better has improved because of the reward system set by his sales manager. This reward system is an example of
A. self-efficacy.
B. autonomy.
C. extrinsic motivation.
D. delayed gratification.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
88. Who among the following is intrinsically motivated to pursue his or her goals?
A. Mayur, who works an extra 10 hours every week so that he can meet his monthly sales target
B. Cherly, who writes poems for self-improvement and shares it with her family and friends
C. Sunita, who writes a newspaper column every week to gain popularity among her rival journalists
D. John, who works an extra 20 hours every week to get a bonus of 30 percent every month
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
89. Laura is a corporate employee. As she is interested in art, Laura enrolls herself for oil painting classes. During weekends, she attends the lessons
and derives huge satisfaction from painting portraits in oil. Which of the following is responsible for stimulating Laura to paint?
A. self-actualization
B. self-regulation
C. extrinsic motivation
D. intrinsic motivation
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Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
90. Ray played basketball for most of his life because he enjoyed the sport. He became so competent that he was given an opportunity to play
professionally. Eventually, he signed a very lucrative contract with a regional basketball team. After the contract ran out, the team offered him
slightly more money than the previous deal, but Ray decided that it was not enough. Which of the following best explains the rationale behind Ray’s
decision?
A. Ray’s organismic needs were not fulfilled yet.
B. The team did not show Ray the respect that he deserved after becoming a professional player.
C. Extrinsic motivation had replaced Ray’s intrinsic motivation to play.
D. Ray has lost the motivation to play.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
91. Who among the following is extrinsically motivated to pursue his or her goals?
A. Abdul, who paints a picture every day to improve his painting skills
B. Lisa, who teaches ballet to teenagers for free
C. Ryan, who participates in a debate competition to win the prize money of $15,000
D. Kareem, who enrolls in a singing competition to exhibit his skills
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
92. Bradley is an exceptionally good student. He enjoys studying and works hard toward improving the overall quality of his work. Bradley is
motivated to study topics beyond the scope of his syllabus and takes pride in his gift for learning. Bradley’s behavior can be attributed to
A. self-actualization.
B. self-regulation.
D. intrinsic motivation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
93. Billy is the captain of the school football team. Football is his passion. He is not keen on academics. He only studies to avoid his parents’
disapproval. Billy’s attitude toward studying is most likely a result of
B. self-regulation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
10-21
Difficulty: Medium
94. Gerald enrolls himself into the school’s basketball team only because his dad insisted that he do so. However, Gerald is interested in swimming.
He believes that he would be a better swimmer than a basketball player. Gerald’s current performance in the school’s basketball team is influenced
by
B. self-regulation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
95. Many elementary school teachers offer prizes to students who read the most books during an academic year. The failure of many students to read
books during the summer vacations may be due to a lack of
A. relatedness.
C. intrinsic motivation.
D. competence.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
96. Kumar believes that the right approach to motivate an individual is by intrinsic motivation. Which of the following points is he most likely to
make?
A. Intrinsic motivation is more likely to produce competent behavior and mastery than extrinsic motivation.
B. Intrinsic motivation guarantees success and well-being.
C. Intrinsic motivation requires little or no personal effort from an individual to pursue his or her goals.
D. Intrinsic motivation is usually based on rewards and punishers involved in pursuing a goal.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
97. Setting goals, planning for the implementation of goals, and monitoring progress are all aspects of
A. self-determination theory.
B. self-regulation.
C. the broaden-and-build model.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Self-Regulation
Feedback: Self-Regulation: The Successful Pursuit of Goals
10-22
98. The process by which an organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives is known as
A. homeostasis.
B. self-regulation.
C. intrinsic motivation.
D. extrinsic motivation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
99. Which of the following statements is an example of an individual’s long-term goal?

A. Suresh wants to be a counseling psychologist.
B. Isabel wants to get an “A” on her next project.
C. Robert wants to quickly finish his science assignment.
D. Fiola wants to help her neighbor wash her clothes.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
100. Which of the following statements is true of impulsivity?

A. It is the tendency of an individual to act rashly.
B. It has little effect on an individual’s ability to stick to long-term goals.
C. It is the tendency of an individual to think rationally.
D. It increases an individual’s ability to self-regulate his or her actions.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
101. Sophia has a tendency to make hasty decisions. She gets distracted easily and makes decisions without contemplating or thinking about the
consequences of her decisions. As a consequence, her long-term goals get affected. Which of the following can be definitely said of Sarah?
A. Sophia deals well with temptation.
B. Sophia is high on self-regulation.
C. Sophia has a tendency to delay gratification.
D. Sophia is an impulsive individual.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
102. Which of the following statements is true of impulsive individuals?

A. They have a high level of self-regulation.
B. They are focused on careful planning of their goals.
C. They usually have trouble dealing with temptation.
D. They are extremely determined in sticking to their long-term goals in a variety of domains.
Page: 338
10-23
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
103. Sarah has a tendency to delay acting on things that require immediate attention. Even though she knows the importance of completing her
projects on time, she always intentionally delays working on them and only begins to act on them at the last minute. Sarah’s behavior is an example
of
B. procrastination.
C. relayed impulsivity.
D. delayed gratification.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
104. Who among the following is most likely a procrastinator?

A. Kendrick, who wanted to go to a game of football but waited until the last minute to buy tickets
B. Belinda, who planned and bought tickets for a movie
C. Baldwin, who couldn’t reach his home on time because he drove slowly
D. Agatha, who couldn’t go on a vacation because she misplaced her air tickets
Page: 338
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
105. In the context of self-regulation, _____ means intentionally putting off actions on a goal.
A. delayed gratification
B. self-realization
C. relayed impulsivity
D. procrastination
Page: 338
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
106. Goals that are short-term, specific, and moderately challenging lead to
A. greater success.
C. increased internal attributions.
D. increased external attributions.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
107. A person’s daily mood gives him feedback on the effectiveness of his self-regulation. This means that
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A. he will feel good or bad depending on how he is doing in the areas of life he values.
B. being unhappy will prevent him from pursuing his goals.
C. he will have to learn to modify his concept of happiness in order to suit his goals.
D. he should not focus on the negative feedback and only concentrate on the positive feedback.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
108. In the context of the Stanford marshmallow experiments, research on delayed gratification indicates that the best way to resist temptation is to
A. focus on reasons why one should not do the forbidden activity.
B. focus on other activities rather than the forbidden activity.
C. cognitively compare the forbidden activity to similar ones.
D. cognitively contrast the forbidden activity to similar ones.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Delay of Gratification
109. The act of putting off a pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger but later reward is known as
A. delay of gratification.
B. intrinsic motivation.
C. self-actualization.
D. self-efficacy.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
110. The Stanford marshmallow experiments on delay of gratification demonstrated that children could successfully resist the temptation to eat a
marshmallow in an effort to obtain the delayed payoff of two marshmallows. These children were able to distract themselves from the marshmallow
by focusing on
A. hot thoughts.
B. cool thoughts.
C. positive thoughts.
D. negative thoughts.
Page: 338
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
111. Which of the following best defines an emotion?

A. an aroused psychological state that occurs because of a physiological need
B. a deprivation that energizes a drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
C. an innate or unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species
D. an affect that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression
Page: 339
10-25
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Define emotion and discuss its role in physical and psychological health.
Topic: Emotion
Feedback: Emotion
112. Which of the following biological systems is responsible for calming the body and also promoting processes of maintenance and healing?
A. immune system
B. parasympathetic nervous system
C. enteric nervous system
D. sympathetic nervous system
Page: 340
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
Feedback: Biological Factors in Emotion
113. Identify the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the human body.
A. SNS prepares the body for the “fight or flight” response.
B. Arousal of the SNS decreases heart rate.
C. Arousal of the SNS decreases blood pressure.
D. SNS prepares the body for the “rest and digest” response.
Page: 340
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
114. Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is aroused?
A. heart rate increases
B. pupils constrict
C. blood pressure drops
D. skin perspiration decreases
Page: 340
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
115. Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is activated?
A. skin perspiration increases
B. blood flow increases
C. breathing rate increases
D. food digestion increases
Page: 340
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
116. A(n) _____ is a machine that monitors changes in the body and attempts to determine whether someone is lying.
A. pantograph
B. electromyograph
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C. polygraph
D. barograph
Page: 341
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Emotion
117. Which of the following is true of the biological factors involved in emotion?
A. Dopamine and endorphins function in regulating arousal and anxiety.
B. Norepinephrine is linked to positive emotions such as happiness and tranquility.
C. The limbic system is involved in the experience of positive emotions.
D. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rapid reactions to threats.
Page: 342
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the key points of the various theories of emotion.
Topic: Emotion
118. Polygraph examiners can

A. read a person’s mind.
B. recognize deception with a very high rate of accuracy.
C. monitor physiological responses.
D. all of these.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Emotion
119. Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government. A polygraph test is part of the interview process. Though Tom
intends to be honest, he is worried that the polygraph will say he is lying when he is not. Tom’s friend, Cameron, assures Tom that polygraph tests
are infallible. Is Cameron right?
A. Yes, polygraphs pick up certain physiological responses associated with lying, and there is no way to change or hide those responses.
B. Yes, many government agencies rely on polygraphs, and they would not do so if the tests were fallible.
C. No, anxiety may cause a person’s skin conductance level to increase for reasons other than lying.
D. No, polygraph machines are just props that allow the examiner to watch for cues that the subject is lying, and the examiner may make errors due
to bias.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
120. Which of the following is the main problem associated with using polygraph results as an indicator of whether or not a person is lying?
A. Different emotions can cause the same physiological changes.
B. Most people can camouflage their response patterns.
C. Examiners are usually biased against the person being tested.
D. The error rate of polygraphs is 80 percent.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Understand
10-27
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
121. The moment Jenna walks into the classroom, Ryan realizes that his heart is beating faster than usual. He wonders whether he is infatuated with
her. This reaction is best explained by the
A. James–Lange theory.
B. Cannon–Bard theory.
C. drive reduction theory.
D. two-factor theory.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: James–Lange Theory
122. Chavez is studying the relationship between emotions and physiological changes. His finding is that emotions cannot be associated to specific
physiological changes. He points out that the time taken by autonomic nervous system to respond in a situation cannot fully account for the varied
and sudden emotional responses an individual experiences. In this case, he is most likely to be in favor of the
A. drive reduction theory.
C. James–Lange theory.
D. Cannon–Bard theory.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
123. Tim and Margaret are having a picnic near the edge of a large forest. Suddenly, a huge black bear invades their space and heads for the picnic
basket. According to the James–Lange theory of emotion, the couple will
A. experience fear and then run as a result of feeling the emotion of fear.
B. run and then experience the emotion of fear as a result of the physical changes in their bodies.
C. first experience fear, then run, and consequently experience the emotion of heightened fear.
D. experience fear and physiological reactions in their bodies simultaneously.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
124. The Cannon–Bard theory predicts that after witnessing a shocking event, a person will
A. first experience shock and then be motivated to turn away.
B. be motivated to turn away and then experience the shock.
C. experience cathartic shock as a release of anxiety.
D. experience physiological and emotional reactions simultaneously.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Cannon–Bard Theory
10-28
125. Jacob notices a snake slithering up the river bank while he is fishing. The thalamus of Jacob’s brain immediately stimulates his autonomic
nervous system, which, in turn, increases the rate of his breathing and heartbeat. At the same time, Jacob’s brain sends signals to his cerebral cortex
which causes Jacob to perceive the emotional experience of fear. Consequently, Jacob experiences both fear and the physiological changes in his
body at the same time. This scenario complies with the
A. James–Lange theory.
B. Cannon–Bard theory.
C. two-factor theory.
D. drive reduction theory.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cannon–Bard Theory
126. Melanie is a strong advocate of the James–Lange theory. Which of the following statements is she most likely to make?
A. Emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.
B. Emotional experience has no specific association with physiological changes.
C. Emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.
D. Emotions are mental events that lead reactions.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
127. In the context of emotion, when information about fear is conveyed through the direct brain pathway, it moves from the thalamus to the
A. motor cortex.
B. amygdala.
C. sensory cortex.
D. medulla oblongata.
Page: 342
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
128. After bungee jumping, David’s nervous system signals the production of large amounts of epinephrine which causes high arousal. During this
time, he notices a beautiful woman and cognitively interprets his excitement as attraction toward the woman. This exemplifies the concept of the
C. Cannon-Bard theory.
D. James-Lange theory.
Page: 343
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
Feedback: Cognitive Factors in Emotion
129. Which of the following statements is true of the two-factor theory of emotion?
A. It establishes that the body sends clear rather than ambiguous messages about the environment.
B. It excludes the use of external cues in labelling emotions.
C. It focuses primarily on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.
D. It establishes that people fail to interpret messages received by the external environment.
10-29
Page: 343
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
130. With regard to cognitive factors in emotion, the psychologist Richard Lazarus believed in the primacy of thinking, which implies that
A. emotions tend to precede thoughts.
B. thoughts are a precondition for emotions.
C. cognitive ability depends on emotional thoughts.
D. emotions are not influenced by thoughts.
Page: 343
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
131. A professor conducted an experiment in which she asked one group of students to keep smiling and another group to keep frowning for a certain
period of time. After five minutes, the professor discovered that the students who kept smiling reported being happier than those who kept frowning.
These results most strongly support the
B. two-factor theory of emotion.
C. Cannon–Bard theory.
D. facial feedback hypothesis.
Page: 345
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
Feedback: Behavioral Factors in Emotion
132. The sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed are called
A. emoticons.
B. display rules.
C. heuristics.
D. correspondence rules.
Page: 347
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
Feedback: Sociocultural Factors in Emotion
133. Which of the following statements is true of cultural differences with regard to the facial expression of emotions?
A. Asians are the most expressive across all cultures.
B. An isolated Stone Age culture in New Guinea is the least expressive group ever studied.
C. Caucasians are the most expressive across all cultures.
D. Facial expression of emotion does not differ significantly across cultures.
Page: 346
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
10-30
134. Which of the following is true of emotional expression in computer communications?

A. Emoticons can replace verbal communication in every aspect.
B. Emoticons reveal a potentially unique aspect of computer-mediated communication.
C. Unlike emotional expressions, emoticons are independent of cultural influences.
D. Emoticons cannot compensate for the loss of information through facial expression.
Page: 347
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
135. The _____ of an emotion refers to whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant.

A. drive
B. motivational quality
C. valence
D. arousal level
Page: 347
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Valence
Feedback: Classifying Emotions
136. The _____ of an emotion is the degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individual’s being active, engaged, or excited versus passive,
disengaged, or calm.
A. arousal level
B. valence
C. motivational quality
D. drive
Page: 348
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Emotion
137. Who among the following is most likely experiencing a high-arousal positive emotion?
A. Raj, who is absolutely ecstatic on winning a poetry contest
B. Selena, who is relaxing on a beach
C. Adrian, who is sleeping peacefully on his couch
D. Karthick, who is devastated after losing a game of chess
Page: 348
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
138. Who among the following is most likely experiencing a low-arousal positive emotion?
A. Autumn, who is fighting with her sister in public
B. Celina, who is peacefully sleeping in her chair
C. Dante, who is extremely joyous after winning the national lottery
D. Dominic, who is sad after losing to his brother in a game of ping pong
10-31
Page: 348
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
139. Who among the following is most likely experiencing a high-arousal negative emotion?
A. Ira, who is furious with a colleague who lied to her
B. Samantha, who is bored sitting alone at home
C. Rakesh, who is relaxing himself on a beach
D. Martin, who is joyously pumping his fists in the air after winning a car-racing event
Page: 348
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
140. Who among the following is most likely experiencing a low-arousal negative emotion?
A. Maximus, who is raging at a bartender for giving him the wrong drink
B. Castalia, who is irritated that she is alone at home
C. Fabian, who is absolutely delighted to win a game of poker against his sister
D. Emilio, who is bullying his younger brother at home
Page: 348
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
141. Identify a true statement about the circumplex model of mood.

A. It aids in arranging emotional states in an organized fashion.
B. It excludes dimensions related to valence level of emotions.
C. It excludes dimensions related to activation level of emotions.
D. It is a semicircle graph that provides different dimensions of mood.
Page: 348
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Valence
142. Using the dimensions of valence and arousal, psychologists have created a wheel of mood states that they call the
A. circumplex model.
B. two-factor theory of emotion.
C. broaden-and-build model.
D. display model of emotion.
Page: 348
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Valence
10-32
143. Reuben is walking down an empty lane. When a stray dog approaches, he runs away for fear of being bitten by the dog. In this case, Reuben’s
fear is an example of a(n)
A. avoidance-motivating emotion.
B. reward-motivating emotion.
C. approach-motivating emotion.
D. rage-motivating emotion.
Page: 349
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Fear
144. Luke is at a restaurant. He notices that a stranger is trying to steal his cell phone from his table. He quickly grabs the stranger, beats him up and
takes his phone back. In this case, Luke’s rage is an example of a(n)
A. avoidance-motivating emotion.
B. approach-related emotion.
C. fear-motivating emotion.
D. pain-related emotion.
Page: 349
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
145. The _____ states that the function of positive emotions is to extend the scope of attention and foster the construction of resources.
A. broaden-and-build model
B. structural model of positive emotion
C. attention-motivating approach
D. circumplex model of emotion
Page: 349
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
Feedback: The Adaptive Functions of Emotions
146. The broaden-and-build model of emotion was proposed to describe the

A. similarities in facial expressions across cultures.
B. adaptive functions of positive emotions.
C. differences in various arousal levels.
D. discrepancies between Plutchik’s and Tompkins’ models.
Page: 349
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
147. _____ is the ability to bounce back from negative experiences, to be flexible and adaptable when things are not going well.
A. Resilience
B. Autonomy
C. Competence
D. Self-efficacy
Page: 349
10-33
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Resilience
148. Which of the following best defines the hedonic treadmill?

A. experiencing increased psychological well-being after a positive event
B. adapting rapidly to an event that initially caused great happiness
C. reacting negatively to an event that should cause significant happiness
D. experiencing a negative event shortly after experiencing a positive event
Page: 350
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the role of emotions in physical and psychological health and wellness.
Topic: Happiness
Feedback: Obstacles in the Pursuit of Happiness
149. Which of the following events will likely be affected by the concept of the hedonic treadmill?
A. falling in love
B. winning the lottery
C. buying a new car
D. All of these
Page: 351
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Happiness
Feedback: Obstacles in the Pursuit of Happiness
150. Which of the following effects, if any, does engaging in altruistic behavior have on one’s well-being?
A. It has no effect.
B. It increases happiness.
C. It decreases happiness.
D. It improves physical but not psychological well-being.
Page: 351
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Happiness
Feedback: Happiness Activities and Goal Striving
151. Define a drive and a need with regard to drive reduction theory. Give specific examples of each and explain how they are related to one another.
A drive is an aroused state of tension that occurs because of a physiological need. A drive can be in the form of a psychological itch that requires
scratching. A need is a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. Examples of need include food, water, and sex.
Generally, psychologists think of needs as underlying the drives. A person may have a need for water; the drive that accompanies that need is the
person’s feeling of being thirsty. Drive pertains to a psychological state, whereas need involves a physiological one.
Usually but not always, needs and drives are closely associated. Drives do not always follow from needs. For example, if a person is deprived of
oxygen because of a gas leak, he has a need for oxygen. A person may feel lightheaded but may never experience the drive for oxygen that might
lead him to open a window.
Page: 326
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
152. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Give appropriate examples.

10-34
Homeostasis is the body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance. Hundreds of biological states in the body must be
maintained within a certain range; these include temperature, blood-sugar level, potassium and sodium levels, and oxygenation. When a person dives
into an icy swimming pool, the body uses energy to maintain its normal temperature. Similarly, when the person steps into the heat of a summer day,
the body releases excess heat by sweating. These physiological changes occur automatically to keep his body in an optimal state of functioning.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
153. Give a brief account of Yerkes–Dodson law.
According to the Yerkes–Dodson law, performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal. At the low
end of arousal, an individual may be too lethargic to perform tasks well; at the high end, he may not be able to concentrate.
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
154. Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
Time and place affect a person’s eating habits. Learned associations of foods with a particular place and time may cause individuals to eat even when
they are not hungry or do not need to eat (thus contributing to obesity).
Page: 330
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Obesity
155. Describe the main characteristics of a person with anorexia nervosa as listed by the American Psychiatric Association. What are the
circumstances that may contribute to the development of this condition?
The American Psychiatric Association lists four main characteristics of anorexia nervosa: weight less than 85 percent of what is considered normal
for age and height; an intense fear of gaining weight; persistent behavior to prevent weight gain; and a distorted body image. Most individuals with
anorexia nervosa are mostly non-Latino female White adolescents or young adults from well-educated middle- and upper-income families.
Genes play a substantial role in anorexia nervosa. Most psychologists believe that although social factors and experiences may play a role in
triggering dieting, the physical effects of dieting may change the neural networks that then sustain the disordered pattern, in a kind of vicious cycle.
In terms of social factors, problems in family functioning are increasingly thought to be involved in the appearance of eating disorders in
adolescence.
Page: 331–332
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
156. Discuss why it is often more difficult to identify that someone has bulimia nervosa as opposed to anorexia nervosa.
Because bulimia nervosa occurs within a normal weight range, the disorder is often difficult to detect. An individual with bulimia nervosa usually
keeps the disorder a secret and experiences a great deal of self-disgust and shame. The affected individual may appear relatively healthy on the
outside while destroying his or her body on the inside by self-induced vomiting or the use of laxatives. On the other hand, individuals with anorexia
nervosa often starve themselves and are very thin.
Page: 332
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
157. Describe the characteristics of individuals with binge eating disorder (BED).
10-35
Individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) frequently eat alone because of embarrassment or guilt, and they feel ashamed and disgusted with
themselves after bingeing. These individuals usually eat quickly and eat a great deal even when they are not hungry to the point of becoming
uncomfortably full. In contrast to someone with bulimia nervosa, individuals with BED do not try to purge.
Page: 333
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: High
158. Outline Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, and provide examples of how each level of motivation might be satisfied.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory states that human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and
belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. The strongest needs (physiological needs) are at the base of the hierarchy, and the weakest (self-
actualization) are at the top.
According to this hierarchy, people are motivated to satisfy their need for food first and to fulfill their need for safety before their need for love.
Examples of the needs hierarchy in the specified sequence may include: water, shelter, family or friends, career satisfaction, and meditation.
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
159. Explain self-determination theory.
Self-determination theory asserts that there are three basic organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The word organismic here
means that these psychological needs are innate and exist in every person. The theory holds that all individuals have the capacity for growth and
fulfillment in them, ready to emerge if given the right context. Importantly, from the perspective of self-determination theory, these organismic needs
do not arise from deficits.
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
160. Explain competence with regard to self-determination theory.
Competence is the first organismic need described by self-determination theory. Competence is met when a person feels that he or she is able to bring
about desired outcomes. Competence motivation involves selfefficacy which is the belief that a person has the competence to accomplish a given
goal or task. It also involves mastery which is the sense that the person can gain skills and overcome obstacles. One domain in which competence
needs may be met is in the realm of achievement. Some individuals are highly motivated to succeed and spend considerable effort striving to excel.
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
161. Differentiate between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Give appropriate examples of each.
Intrinsic motivation is based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge,
and fun. When a person is intrinsically motivated, he or she engages in a behavior because he or she enjoys it. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation
involves external incentives such as rewards and punishers. When a person is extrinsically motivated, he or she engages in a behavior for some
external payoff or to avoid an external punishment. For example, some students study hard because they are internally motivated to put forth
considerable effort and achieve high quality in their work. This is known as intrinsic motivation. Other students study hard because they want to
score good grades or avoid parental disapproval. This is known as extrinsic motivation.
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
162. Is the polygraph test a reliable method for measuring arousal? Justify your answer with reasons.
10-36
Experts argue that the polygraph errs just under 50 percent of the time. The problem with the polygraph is that heart rate, breathing, and skin
conductance level (SCL) can increase for reasons other than lying—for instance,
because a person is nervous and not necessarily guilty.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: High
Topic: Emotion
163. On a hiking trip, Alex encounters a bear in the woods and begins to run away. How would the James–Lange theory and the Cannon–Bard theory
of emotion explain Alex’s fear of the bear?
According to the James–Lange theory, an individual feels emotion only after experiencing physiological reactions. When Alex sees the bear, he
begins to run away. His aroused body then sends sensory messages to his brain, at which point emotion is perceived. Alex does not run away from
the spot because he is afraid; rather, he is afraid because he is running away.
According to the Cannon–Bard theory, emotion and physiological reactions happen simultaneously. When Alex sees the bear, the thalamus of Alex’s
brain does two things simultaneously. First, it stimulates the autonomic nervous system to produce the physiological changes involved in emotion
(increased heart rate, rapid breathing); second, it sends messages to his cerebral cortex, where the experience of emotion is perceived.
Page: 341
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
164. Explain the two-factor theory of emotion as put forth by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer with an example.
In the two-factor theory of emotion, emotion is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. The theory states that often a
person’s body sends out ambiguous messages about what is going on in the world. The person takes those messages and looks for explanations in his
immediate circumstances, and that is what produces emotions. For example, consider the case of a student who is late for an important examination.
He sprints across campus as fast as he can, arriving just in time for the test. As he looks over the questions, his heart starts racing, his breathing
becomes fast, and he feels sweaty. Is he nervous about the test or is he just recovering from his run to the classroom? The two-factor theory suggests
that he just might mistake his bodily sensations as indications that he is scared of the test.
Page: 343
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
165. Give a brief account of the facial feedback hypothesis.
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them. Facial muscles send signals to the
brain that help a person recognize the emotion he or she is experiencing. For example, a person feels happier when he or she smiles and sadder when
he or she frowns.
Page: 345
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Emotion
166. A drive is an innate biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.
FALSE
Page: 326
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
167. Overlearning is the primary goal of the drive reduction theory.

FALSE
10-37
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
168. The Yerkes–Dodson law states that performance is best under conditions of high arousal.
FALSE
Page: 327
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
169. The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) hampers the digestion process of food in the human body.
FALSE
Page: 328
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
170. Eating complex carbohydrates will cause insulin levels to rise and then fall sharply.
FALSE
Page: 329
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
171. Released by fat cells, the chemical leptin increases food intake and reduces energy expenditure or metabolism.
FALSE
Page: 329
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
172. An individual will show increased interest in food consumption when his or her lateral hypothalamus is destroyed.
FALSE
Page: 329
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
10-38
173. A normal-weight individual has more number of adipose cells than an obese individual.
FALSE
Page: 330
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Obesity
Feedback: Obesity
174. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
FALSE
Page: 331
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
175. According to Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs, self-actualization must be met first before fulfilment of other needs.
FALSE
Page: 334
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
176. Self-esteem precedes the need for love and belongingness in Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.
FALSE
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
177. Self-regulation is the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
FALSE
Page: 334
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
178. Self-determination theory is a contemporary version of drive reduction theory.

FALSE
Page: 335
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
10-39
179. Extrinsic motivation is based on factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy),
as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun.
FALSE
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
180. Intrinsic motivation involves incentives such as rewards and punishers.

FALSE
Page: 336
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Low
181. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) prepares the body for “fight or flight” response.
FALSE
Page: 340
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Emotion
182. When the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is activated, blood pressure drops, heart rate and breathing slow down, and food digestion
increases.
FALSE
Page: 340
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Emotion
183. According to the James–Lange theory, emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment: Emotion occurs after
physiological reactions.
TRUE
Page: 341
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
184. The facial expression of emotions varies significantly across cultures.

FALSE
Page: 345
10-40
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Emotion
185. A potentially useful approach to enhancing happiness is to commit to the pursuit of personally meaningful goals.
TRUE
Page: 350
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Happiness
Feedback: Happiness Activities and Goal Striving
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 170
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 6
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 23
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology 26
APA Outcome: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy 130
Bloom's: Apply 73
Bloom's: Remember 55
Bloom's: Understand 57
Difficulty: High 51
Difficulty: Low 39
Difficulty: Medium 95
Learning Objective: Characterize approaches to motivation in everyday life. 56
Learning Objective: Define emotion and discuss its role in physical and psychological health. 10
Learning Objective: Define motivation and discuss its role in physical and psychological health. 10
Learning Objective: Describe the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and discuss possible cause for these disorder. 21
Learning Objective: Discuss the role of emotions in physical and psychological health and wellness. 4
Learning Objective: Distinguish among the drive, incentive, and evolutionary approaches to understanding motivation. 24
Learning Objective: Name physiological, psychological, and cultural factors that influence hunger. 27
Learning Objective: Summarize the key points of the various theories of emotion. 33
Topic: Anorexia Nervosa 12
Topic: Biology of Hunger 19
Topic: Bulimia Nervosa 6
Topic: Cannon–Bard Theory 2
Topic: Delay of Gratification 3
Topic: Disordered Eating 5
Topic: Drive Reduction Theory 17
Topic: Emotion 28
Topic: Evolutionary Approach to Motivation 3
Topic: Extrinsic Motivation 9
Topic: Fear 1
Topic: Happiness 4
Topic: Instinct 4
Topic: Intrinsic Motivation 8
Topic: James–Lange Theory 6
Topic: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 16
Topic: Motivation 1
Topic: Obesity 8
Topic: Optimum Arousal Theory 1
Topic: Resilience 1
Topic: Self-Determination Theory 10
Topic: Self-Regulation 11
Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Emotion 1
Topic: Two-Factor Theory of Emotion 3
Topic: Valence 3
Topic: Yerkes–Dodson Law 7
10-41
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XII.
Tuomas oli kävellyt Isotalon puheille. Päätti selvittää asiat hänen

kanssaan ja ilmoittaa talon ostonsa nähdäkseen, minkä vaikutuksen
se tekisi.
Isotalo köllehti pihamaalla auringon paisteessa. Väki oli

aamiaisella tuvassa, josta pihalle kuului kovaääninen puheen porina.
Pihamaalla käyskenteli naisväkeä aukoillen aittojen ovia ja muutakin
puuhaten.
Väkirikas oli Isotalo. Tuomaan täytyi siinä pihamaalla istuessaan

tosiaankin ihmetellä sitä väen paljoutta. Koko kartano kihisi aivan
kuin muurahaispesä. Oli se niitä saanutkin, miehiä niinkuin naisiakin.
Joku tytöistä kulki pihamaalla makailevan isännän ohi, niin että

helmat hipaisivat. Isäntä kapaisi kintusta. Tyttö mennessään nauraa
helisteli. Toinen jo murhaavan silmäyksen heitti: "Olisi minua
kopaissut eikä tuota…"
Tuomas hymähti halveksien. Kyllä on mies laittanut itselleen

aikamoisen haaremin. Mutta se ei vielä riitä, kun pitää toiselta
ryöstää hänen ainoansa.
Tuomas rykäisi.
— Jos sitten mentäisi selvittämään ne asiat…
— Kyllä se sopii tässäkin… Mitä asiaa sinulla on? sanoi Isotalo

välinpitämättömästi.
— Se vero on maksettava, koskapa sen suoritus nyt minun

kohdaltani loppuu, sanoi Tuomas ja aivan hytkähti sitä sanoessaan.
— Mitä, loppuu? En minä veroa rahana ota.
— Kyllä se nyt tulee otettavaksi.
— Sinäkö pakon panet?
— Kukapa muukaan. Kun minä en aio enää Heinämäessä asua,

niin…
— Missä sinä sitten asut?
— Nuotioniemeen muutan vielä tänä päivänä.
Isotalo vääntyi istumaan. Hymähti pilkallisesti.
— Kestinäkö sinä Nuotioniemessä…?
— Ei kun isäntänä.
Tuomaan ääni helähti teräkseltä. Isotalo ei näyttänyt vieläkään

oikein käsittävän.
— Mitenkä sinä isäntänä…?
— Siten kun olen talon ostanut Heikiltä.

— Valehtelisit muille. Sinulle ei Heikki ole myynyt taloaan, koskapa
ei minullekaan.
— Kyllä se nyt on minulla. Saat mennä kysymään, jos tahdot.
— Tuhannen helvettiä! Eikö se pökkö osannut myydä rahaan, kun

rupesi velaksi…
— Ei sanonut sellaiselle miehelle antavansa taloaan kuin sinä olet.
— Minkälaiselle?
Isotalon kasvot vääntyivät kiukusta.
— Kyllä sinä tiedät itsekin, minkälainen olet, syntipesä!
Tuomas oli kerrankin päättänyt sanoa, mitä oli sydämellään.
— Ja mikä sinä olet!
Isotalo aivan kihisi raivosta.
— Olen rehellinen mies, jonka tuntoa ei paina mikään. Mutta

sinulla taitaa olla iso tili, kun sitä kerran joudut selvittelemään, sanoi
Tuomas.
— Sinulleko?
— Minullekin.
Mitä minä olen sinulta vienyt?
Tuomaassakin jo raivo kuohahti. Hypähtäen Isotalon eteen virkkoi

syvällä äänellään.
— Kysytkö sitä, sinä saatana! Kunniani sinä veit ja kerran vielä
vastaat siitä!
Isotalo väistyi hätkähtäen, mutta selvittyään huusi miehiä

avukseen.
Muutamia renkejä ilmestyi haluttomasti portaille.
— Kuulkaahan, pojat! Tämä sanoo minua varkaaksi. Pitäkäähän

mielessänne.
— En minä ole sinua varkaaksi sanonut, vaikka olet vienytkin

toiselta onnensa.
— Kuulkaa, pojat, se sanoo sen vieläkin.
Isotalo käveli pihamaalla leuka täristen.
Tuomas kaivoi poveltaan verorahat ja ojensi Isotalolle.
— Tuossa on Heinämäen vero. Muuta minä en rupea kanssasi…
— En huoli sinun rahoistasi.
Tuomas heitti rahat pihamaalle.
— Korjaa siitä. Tästä lähtien tekee veron se, joka ostaa

Heinämäen.
— Kuka sen myy? kivahti Isotalo.
— Minä! virkkoi Tuomas.
— Ei sinulla ole mitään oikeutta mennä sitä myymään.

— Minulla on oikeus!
— Nähdäänpähän!
Miesten äänet jyrähtelivät ukkosena pihamaalla.
— Käykää kiinni siihen ja heittäkää portista menemään, kehoitti

Isotalo renkejään.
Rengit lähenivät epäröiden. Saisi siitä ukolta pari ryyppyä, jos

vähän retuuttaisi Tuomasta.
Tuomas odotti kädet nyrkkiin puristettuina, kasvoillaan uhman tuli.

Miehet jäivät neuvottomina katselemaan toisiaan. Se voisi antaa
rautakourillaan, niin että huomennakin vielä tuntuisi.
— Raukat, kun ette uskalla! kähisi Isotalo.
Tuomas pyörähti ympäri ja sanoi mennessään.
— Korjaa rahasi pihamaalta, jos tahdot. Minun puolestani vero on

maksettu.
XIII.
Tuomas kantoi hakametsästä juhannuskoivuja, pystytteli niitä

kuistiin, portaiden eteen ja tupaan. Siinä puuhatessaan uutta kotia
juhlakuntoon näytti tyytyväiseltä. Hymykin pilkahti joskus
silmäkulmassa.
Annakin laulahteli iloisesti. Tuomaan mielestä oli kuin muuttunut

viime päivinä. Tuli usein kysymään asioista, joita ei arvannut
voivansa yksin päättää, ja puhelikin väliin milloin mistäkin.
Päivä paistoi kirkkaasti. Nuotiojärvi kuvasteli saariaan ja rantojaan

tyvenessä pinnassaan. Käet kukahtelivat järven takana.
Tuomas katseli tyytyväisenä ympärilleen. Talo oli juhlakunnossa.

Rakennukset oli Tuomas edellisellä viikolla panettanut punamaaliin
ja siistinyt aitoja kartanon ympärillä. Nuotioniemi ei ollut koskaan
näyttänyt niin hauskalta kuin nyt, eikä tuntunut enää yhtään
vieraaltakaan. Heinämäki tuli enää harvoin mieleen.
Tuomas kepsakehteli tyytyväisenä pihamaalla.
Jopa tämä nyt näyttää hauskalta. Kartano punottaa järvelle kuin

herrastalot ja kivettömät pellot ovat kirkkaalla oraalla. Veti kuin
vetikin se talon osto. Kun vain Anna nyt kaiken tämän huomaisi. Ja
olihan Anna huomannutkin, miten hyvä koti hänellä nyt oli. Heräävää
kunnianhimoa se hiveli, kun kylällä kiitettiin ja palvelijat sanoivat
emännäksi. Ei kehdannut olla kiittämätön Tuomaallekaan, vaan
puheli niinkuin entisinä aikoina ja välistä polvellekin istui ja aittaan
tuli iltasin.
— Muuttunut on, arveli eräänä päivänä Tuoma Jannelle, kun olivat

kahden samalla työmaalla.
— On sen kun on, arveli Janne, joka oli salaa seuraillut

emäntänsä liikkeitä.
— Miten niin?
— Siten vain, ettei se nainen niin pian jätä huonoja tapojaan.
Pitemmältä ei puhunut huomioistaan. Puhuisipahan toiste.

Tuomas oli sen päivän allapäin, mutta illalla jo Anna hänen mielensä
kevensi.
Ja nyt oli juhannus, kesän kerkein hetki. Eipä sopinut murjotella.

Onhan Anna voinut heittää jo kokonaan Isotalon mielestään,
koskapa muutenkin on muuttunut. Ja jos tuo nyt jo taivahinen
auttaisi, ettei enää koskaan… Palaisi rauha taloon ja muuttuisi elämä
siedettävämmäksi.
Anna kulki pihamaan poikki. Seisahti ja näytti hieman levottomalta.
— Menetkö sinä kirkkoon? kysyi Tuomaalta, joka liiterin ovella

asetteli valjaita korjuuseen.
— Niinhän olen aikonut. Tuletko sinä?

— En minä nyt… sitten toiste… en taida olla oikein tervekään.
— Saisihan jäädä minultakin, vaan olisi asioita.
— Kylvyn jälestäkö menet? kysyi Anna.
— En tuota vielä osaa sanoa.
— Mutta niinhän eilen sanoit. Minä jo eväätkin laitoin. Nurmi-

Juhana saa tulla soutajaksi. Kuuluisi Iidankin mieli tekevän kirkkoon.
— Saahan lähteä, jos haluttaa. Pitänee tästä sitten minunkin…
— Onhan se yöllä viileämpää kävelläkin, toimitti Anna

mennessään.
Mitähän se nyt niin toimittaa menemään? Aikoisikohan itse kylään,

kun niin… pelkää, etten muuten päästä…
Tuomas oli kylpenyt ja pukeutunut ja laskeutui rantaan, jossa

Nurmi-Juhana oli jo häntä odottamassa. Janne pyörähti rantatielle
hänen jälkeensä.
— Kuulkaahan, olisi vähän asiaa…
— No mitä nyt?
— Sanoa tuo pitänee, vaikkei oikein sopisikaan, mutta…
— Mitä?
— Kuulin kun Anna laittoi tuon Juhanan pojan sanomaan

Isotalolle, että nyt sopisi tulla, kun Tuomas menee kirkkoon.
Tuomas hätkähti.
— Valehtelet nyt varmaankin!
Janne katsoi ihmetellen isäntäänsä ja virkkoi.
— Ei ole valhetta, satuin kuulemaan, kun toimitti pojan

menemään. Ei sitä siltä tarvitse uskoa, jollei tahdo.
Tuomaan juhla-ilo särkyi. Uhkaavana hän kääntyi menemään

pihaan, mutta pysähtyi virkkaen Jannelle.
— Minä käännyn tuolta jonkun matkan päästä takaisin… Olehan

saapuvilla, jos tarvitaan, mutta salaa, ettei Anna huomaa.
*****
Tuomas oli kääntynyt takaisin ja palasi metsätietä kartanoon.

Ruumiiseen oli laskeutunut painava väsymys ja polvet horjahtelivat.
Povessa kyti mieliharmi hiljaisena lieskana syttyäkseen
mielettömäksi
raivoksi.
Miten kavala saattoi Anna sentään olla! Ja miten iljettäviä juonia ja

kohtauksia se järjesti hänen selkänsä takana ollakseen edessäpäin
hänelle liukas ja lipevä, kuin ei enää mitään olisi tapahtunutkaan.
Kartano nukkui. Väki oli lähtenyt kokkotulille ja päivätyöläiset

kotiinsa. Karjatarhassa kierteli lehmisavu rauhallisena ja kellokas
märehti veräjällä. Jostain kaukaa kuului harmonikan alakuloinen
sävel.
Tuomas seisoi tuvan portailla liikahtamatta. Outo tunne niinkuin
suuri hätä värisytti häntä.
Jos Anna ei käskenytkään Isotaloa tulemaan, jos kielsi, mutta

Janne ei oikein kuullut. Jos Anna ei sitä tahtoisikaan, vaan
ainoastaan välien selvitykseksi keskustella, mutta Isotalo saattoi
vaatia, ahdistaa. Hänen täytyy mennä auttamaan.
Porstua kamarista kuului ääniä. Tuomas kääntyi ja huomasi

Jannen viittovan hänelle porstuan ylisiltä.
Tuomaan suu vääntyi itkun sekaiseen nauruun.
Vai Anna ei tahtoisi…! Ja hän muka auttamaan…! Nopealla

liikkeellä veti hän kengät jaloistaan ja kiipesi hiljaa porstuan välikölle.
— Täällä on laipiossa pieni luukku, jota eivät huomaa. Siitä kuulee

ja näkee hyvin, neuvoi Janne. Mutta liikkukaa hiljaa.
Tuomas meni osoitetulle paikalle.
Laipiossa oli käden levyinen aukko, jota sisällä olijain oli vaikea
huomata. Tuomas laskeutui multimukselle ja painoi kasvonsa
aukkoon.
Siellä se oli Isotalo ja Anna hänen polvellaan.
Tuomas tarttui päähänsä. Tuntui kuin joku olisi iskenyt siihen.

Pimeni silmissä ja suonet takoivat.
Että hänen piti vielä joutua kaiken näkijäksi ja todistajaksi! Mitä,

mitä nyt tapahtui?
Anna riisuutui ja meni vuoteeseen. Isotalo seurasi häntä silmät
palaen.
Tuomas kivettyi. Kaikki tunteet katosivat hetkeksi ja hän tunsi vaan

hengityksensä raskaan, huohottavan käynnin. Yksi tunne oli vain
jälellä. Laskeutua alas ja lopettaa saastaiset siihen paikoilleen! Ei
yhtään armoa! Loppu-ikä menisi raudoissa, mutta koston pitäisi tulla
veriseksi ja hirvittäväksi!
Kylmä hiki tippui hänen otsaltaan.
Tuomas hoiperteli alas väliköltä. Suonet olivat laanneet lyömästä,

mutta nyt ne jo löivät jälleen mielettömästä raivosta.
Tuomas tempasi kirveen porstuan seinältä. Räsähtäen halkesi

kamarin ovi ja Tuomaan kirves jo kohosi murskatakseen
vuoteessaolijat, jotka kauhu kivetytti paikoilleen.
Janne oli hypähtänyt nopealla liikkeellä ovelle ja tarttui takaapäin

kirveeseen.
— Tuomas! Varo verityötä!
Isotalo pakeni, Anna kintereillään.
Tuomas karjahti kuin haavoitettu eläin, muttei lähtenyt pakenevien

jälkeen. Saatuaan jälleen kirveen, jonka Janne oli nostanut
naulakkoon, syöksyi hän kamariin.
Sänky pirstoutui. Jokaista iskua seurasi karjahdus, joka muistutti

haavoitetun pedon raivoa. Pöytä halkesi ja lensi rämähtäen
porstuaan. Isotalon vaatteet ja kengät silpoutuivat huimasti heiluvan
teräksen alla.
Vihdoin horjahti Tuomas voimatonna porstuan kynnykselle ja
purskahti hillittömään itkuun.
XIV.
Isotalo paisutti voimatonta vihaansa. Oli kiertänyt pitäjällä ja saanut

ostetuksi muutamia Tuomaan velkoja itselleen. Päätti panna ne heti
uloshakuun. Oli pyytänyt Nuotio-Heikiltäkin Tuomaan velkakirjaa
ostaakseen onnistumatta aikeessaan. Nuotio-Heikki oli kironnut ja
käskenyt mennä hiiteen. Olipa vielä haukkunut Isotalon
hyvänpäiväiseksi.
Isotalo kiehui vihasta.
Ensikertaa hänen aikeensa jäi onnistumatta. Ja ensi kertaa häntä

vastustettiin. Tuomas sai rauhassa viljellä taloaan, vaikka Isotalo oli
sen jo ajatuksissaan liittänyt viljelyksiinsä.
Tuomaalla oli paikkakunnan parhain kalaranta, monta apajakertaa

ja sitä Isotalo parhaiten oli himoinnutkin. Se jäi nyt saamatta.
Tuomas oli myynyt Heinämäen häntä kuulematta ja siihen täytyi
tyytyä, vaikka kirvelikin. Oli pahuksella sellainen vuokrasopimus, niin
minkäs teki. Ja vieläkin. Tuomas saattoi vaania hänen henkeään.
Olisi varmasti silloin jo tappanutkin, jollei toinen tarttunut kirveeseen.
Isotalo seisoi rannalla ja katseli Nuotioniemeen, joka näkyi

laajahkon lahdelman takaa. Punainen kartano peltojen keskellä
kuvasteli tyveneen veteen… Punainen kartano ja laaja, rehevä
ruispelto.
Se oli kuin helvetti siinä silmien edessä. Kun olisi sen saanut
hävitetyksi keinolla millä tahansa. Keräämillään Tuomaan veloilla
voisi hän korkeintaan hävittää siltä irtaimen, mutta talo jäisi sille
koskematonna käsiin. Pian se uuden irtaimiston hankkisi. Hänen
täytyy vielä koettaa Nuotio-Heikkiä taivutella. Jos ei muuten, niin
juottaa se pökkelö hutikkaan ja saada silläneuvoin Heikiltä velkakirja.
Isotalo naurahti hyvillään mielestään oivalliselle keksinnölleen ja

läksi kävelemään pihaan. Meni kamariinsa, avasi kaapin ja kumosi
täyden konjakkilasin.
Heh… eipä se enää karvastellut edes kurkkuakaan. Pitäisi saada

pirtua.
Emäntä, laiha ja surkastuneen näköinen olento, tuli kamariin.
— Minulla olisi sinulle pyyntö, virkkoi emäntä arkaillen.
— Mikä?
— Että lakkaisit vihdoinkin himoitsemasta toisen omaa. Sanovat

sinun Nuotioniemen taloa sillä silmällä katselevan. Ei siitä hyvää
koidu, saat uskoa. Kirousta vain.
— Pidä suusi… Sinuun ei kuulu minun asiani. Eikä minuun

kenenkään kirot pysty.
— Saisit kumminkin kunniasi vuoksi… joka paikassa jo puhutaan

sinusta…
— Kuka puhuu, sinäkö?
— En minä, vaan…
— Mene helvettiin! Minua ne puheet eivät liikuta.
Emäntä nousi ja seisahti ovelle.
— Siellä on Vehka-Mari lapsensa kanssa. Kysy sinua.
— Mitä se minusta?
— Tietysti pyytäisi apua.
— Minulta… Menköön vaivaistaloon.
— Mutta… se sanoo lapsen olevan sinun.
— Menköön tuhannen tervoihin kakaroineen! Kaikkia

mieronkiertäjiä tässä…
— Pitänee sitten minun auttaa häntä, kun sinä et kajoa.
— Ulos! heti!
Emäntä meni. Isotalo avasi kaapin ja kumosi konjakkilasin, toisen

ja vielä kolmannenkin.
Vai minun lapseni… kuka heistä tietää mitä ne on… ja kuka on.
Kunhan kerjäävät.
XV.
Tuomas heilui muita ripeämpänä heinäniityllä. Nähtyään, että kaikki

hänen kauniit suunnitelmansa ja toiveensa särkyivät ja pala palalta
lohkesivat, alkoi hän työstä etsiä helpoitusta raskaille mietteilleen.
Melkein levähtämättä, silmäänsä ummistamatta hän liikkui yöt ja

päivät, vuoroin heinänkorjuussa, väliin laajalla suoperkkiolla, joka oli
saatava syysoraalle joutumaan.
Kauhistuen katselivat talon työmiehet hänen hurjaa raatamistaan

ja villejä voimiaan, joista ei näyttänyt loppua tulevankaan.
Muita kehoitti Tuomas lepäämään, mutta itse ei levännyt. Päivisin

kun väki aterian jälkeen nukkui ruokauntaan, hiipi Tuomas luokoja
korjaamaan ja öisin muiden nukkuessa talutti hevosen auran eteen
ja riisui sen, kun aurinko nousi.
— Sinähän tuolla tavoin lopetat itsesi, virkkoi joskus Janne. Et näy

siitä kumminkaan itsellesi mielenrauhaa saavan.
— Mitäpä väliä tällä… kun vain loppuisikin elämä, virkkoi Tuomas

ääni värähtäen.
Tuomas oli laihtunut ja käynyt entistä kumarammaksi. Parransänki
törrötti karkeana ja silmiin oli tullut arka kärsivä ilme.
Entisen lisäksi oli uusi, painava ajatus alkanut vaivata häntä. Oliko
poika hänen vai Isotalon?
Kerran hän oli jo sitä aavistellen ajatellut, mutta hävennyt

ajatustaan. Nyt oli se tullut uutena painajaisena.
Poika käveli ja soperteli ensimäisiä lauseitaan. Kapusi työstä

tultua syliin ja luottavasti silmiin katsoen sanoi oman, vienon
tunnustuksensa "isä". Mutta isän täytyi sydän veristäen epäillä sitä
tunnustusta.
Se oli kaikesta raskainta. Kun saisi edes siitä selvyyden, mutta

mistäpä sai. Kuka tiesi sen?
Toisaalta tuntui kauhealta rikokselta epäillä poikaa toisen omaksi,

mutta epäilyksille, aina takaa ajaville ajatuksillehan ei voinut mitään.
Täytyi olla yhtämittaa raastavassa ristitulessa. Kuka siitä

pelastaisi, mikä edes hetkeksi auttaisi? Ei mikään, ei muuta kuin
kestä vain, niin kauan kuin voimatonna kaadut.
*****
Nuotioniemen heinäväki oli ollut Rantakaarteessa heinänkorjuussa

jo pari päivää. Niitty oli kaukana kartanosta ja yö maattiin
tuoksuvissa heinissä.
Tuomas oli liehunut yhtämittaa vuoroin niittäen, vuoroin hangoten

kuivia heiniä latoon.
Päivä paahtoi herpaisevasti. Heinä kuivi, niin että ritisi. Vielä
muutamia poutaisia päiviä, niin Rantakaarteen heinät saataisiin
kaikki kuivina latoon.
Tuomas vaan ei osannut siitäkään iloita, vaikka työt sujuivat ja

talon tulot lisääntyivät joka päivä, niin että hän saisi niillä lyhentää
tuntuvasti talon hintaa.
Tuli päivällisaika ja väki asettui ladon kupeelle syömään. Tuomas

käveli lähteelle polttavaa janoaan sammuttamaan.
Niityn veräjällä tuli Mäkäräinen, lautamies, häntä vastaan.

Katseltiin varjoisa paikka ja istuttiin lepäämään.
Mitähän tuo nyt…? arveli Tuomas. On sillä asiaa, ei se muutoin

tällaisena poutapäivänä…
Mäkäräinen ilmoittikin asiansa. Oli tullut tuomaan Isotalon

velkavaatimusta.
— Mitä helvettiä…? Isotalo ei ole penniäkään minulta saamassa.
— Eikö liene se sinun Hautalalta kuukausi sitten ottamasi

suonperkkauslainasi Isotalon kynsissä, arveli Mäkäräinen.
— Olisiko Hautala ollut niin kavala?
— Niin tuntui Isotalo sanovan. Ja olen muutenkin kuullut, että olisi

koettanut Nuotio-Heikiltäkin saada velkakirjaasi.
Tuomas kirosi synkeästi. Luuliko Isotalo saavansa Nuotioniemen

anastaa, niinkuin oli jo monta taloa naapureiltaan anastanut.
— Kerrankin erehtyi se konna laskuissaan minun suhteeni, virkkoi
Tuomas aikoen jälleen niitylle.
— Sitä toivon minäkin, sanoi Mäkäräinen hyvästellessään.

XVI.
Tuomas oli vielä toivonut joskus hiljaisina yönhetkinä valvoessaan,

että hänen ja Annan välit muuttuisivat, joskaan ei ennalleen, niin
ainakin siedettävämmiksi. Hän olisi vieläkin valmis omasta
puolestaan anteeksi antamaan, jos vain tietäisi, että Anna ei enää
ajatellut Isotaloa ja tahtoisi vastaisuudessa olla uskollinen hänelle.
Ja kun varmasti tietäisi, että poika oli hänen.
Siinäpä se taas oli! Mistä sen tietäisi?
Hän olisi kumminkin valmis uskomaan, jos Anna katuisi ja

vakuuttaisi, että ainakin poika oli hänen. Kun saisi edes senverran
sopua syntymään, että saisi puhua pojasta Annan kanssa, saisi
kuulla sen vakuuttavan.
Jäisi edes se maailma särkymättä.
*****
Mutta se särkyi ennen kuin Tuomas aavistikaan.
Heinäväki oli muuttanut järven takaiselle Takamaan niitylle, jossa

aiottiin viipyä viikko yhtämittaa kotona käymättä. Anna oli jäänyt niin

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