Chemistry Plus ( )

CHEMISTRY PLUS Zwor imvqb 445
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 
ASPECT SERIES 
2q cÎ Zwor imvqb
Aa¨vq-04 ELECTRO CHEMISTRY
 SURVEY TABLE  wK coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe?
CONCEPT MAGNETIC TOPICS MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡b co‡e] VVI For This Year
No. [hv co‡e] DU GU M & D S & T Engr. HSC WRITTEN MCQ
CONCEPT-01 cwievnx m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj - 75% 50% 75% - 50% * **
CONCEPT-02 Zwor we‡kølY I d¨viv‡Wi m~Î m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj 75% 50% 25% 50% 50% 75% *** **
CONCEPT-03 Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwiR m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj 90% 75% 50% 75% 75% 90% ** ***
CONCEPT-04 ZworØvi I Aa©‡Kvl m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj - 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% ** ***
CONCEPT-05 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl 90% 25% 75% 50% - 50% *** **
CONCEPT-06 wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwii MVb, Kvh©cÖbvjx I wiPvR© cÖwµqv 50% 50% 75% 75% 50% 25% * *
CONCEPT-07 dz‡qj †mj m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj - 50% - 50% 50% 50% *** **
CONCEPT-08 PH wgUvi, Zwor cÖ‡jcb ev Electroplating 25% 50% - 50% 50% 50% * **
CONCEPT-09 Zwor cwievnx m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM 90% 75% 25% 90% 90% 90% *** *
CONCEPT-10 Zwor †Kvl m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM 75% 75% 90% 75% 75% 75% *** **
BASIC TOUCH AT A GLANCE ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kã¸‡”Qi cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM [TOPICS Gi ¸iæZ¡vbymv‡i]

kã cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM
Zwor cwievnx ‡h mg¯Í c`v‡_©i ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì‡K we`y¨r cwievnx e‡j|
Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx ‡h me †h․M weMwjZ ev cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ae¯vq we`y¨r cwienb K‡i Ges ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b N‡U Zv‡ì‡K Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx †h․M ejv nq|
d¨viv‡Wi 1g m~Î Zwor we‡køl‡Yi d‡j †Kvb ZworØv‡i mwÂZ ev `ªexf~Z c`v‡_©i cwigvY Zwor we‡kø‡lï ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ †gvU Zwor Gi mgvbycvwZK|
d¨viv‡Wi 2q m~Î hw` wewfbœ we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ GKB mg‡qi Rb¨ GKB cwigvY Zwor cÖevn Z_v GKB cwigvY we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Kiv nq Z‡e
B‡jK‡UªvW mg~‡n `ªexf~Z ev mwÂZ c`v‡_©i cwigvY c`v_© mg~‡ni Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vs‡Ki mgvbycvwZK|
Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ GK A¨vw¤úqvi gvÎvi we`y¨r GK †m‡KÛ mgq a‡i cÖevwnZ Ki‡j ZworØv‡i Drcbœ ev mwÂZ c`v‡_©i cwigvY‡K Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ e‡j|
GK d¨viv‡W GK †gvj B‡jKUª‡bi †gvU PvR©B GK d¨viv‡W| Gi gvb 96500C|
K¨v‡_vW K¨v‡_vW Gi gva¨‡g B‡jKUªb e¨vUvwi †_‡K `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i|
A¨v‡bvW A¨v‡bvW Gi gva¨‡g B‡jKUªb `ªeY †Q‡o P‡j hvq|
avZzi mwµqZvi wmwiR avZzmg~‡ni B‡jKUªb Z¨v‡Mi cÖeYZvi µgvbymv‡i Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K GKwU wmwi‡R mvRv‡bv nq; G wmwiR‡K mwµqZvi wmwiR e‡j|
RviY-weRviY ZworØvi A¨v‡bvW ZworØvi‡K RviY ZworØvi Ges K¨v‡_vW ZworØvi‡K weRviY ZworØvi e‡j|
RviY Aa© wewµqv RviY-weRviY wewµqvi †h As‡k RviY wewµqv N‡U, Zv‡K RviY Aa©wewµqv e‡j|
weRviY Aa© wewµqv RviYÑweRviY wewµqvi †h As‡k weRviY wewµqv N‡U, Zv‡K weRviY Aa© wewµqv e‡j|
‡Kvb avZe `Ð I Gi wbR¯^ Avqb mgwš^Z Zwor we‡køl¨ `ªe‡Yi ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi d‡j hw` RviY ev weRviY wewµqv msNwUZ n‡Z ïiæ
ZworØvi wefe K‡i Zvn‡j H avZe c`v‡_©i c„ôZj I `ªe‡Yi ms‡hvM¯‡j `yB wecixZ AvavbRwbZ wØ-¯Íi MV‡bi gva¨‡g †h Zwor wef‡ei m„wó nq,
Zv‡K ZworØvi wefe e‡j|
‡Kvl wefe RviY ZworØv‡ii I weRviY ZworØv‡ii wefe cv_©K¨B †Kvl wefe|
cÖvBgvwi wb‡`©kK ZworØvi ‡h ZworØv‡ii wefe mivmwi wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv‡K cÖvBgvwi wb‡`©kK ZworØvi e‡j| †hgbt cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi|
‡m‡KÛvwi wb‡`©kK ‡h ZworØv‡ii wefe mivmwi wbY©q Kiv hvq bv, cÖvBgvwi wb‡`©kK ZworØvi eënvi K‡i wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K †m‡KÛvwi wb‡`©kK ZworØvi
ZworØvi e‡j| †hgbt K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡UªvW|
‡Kvb ZworØvi wewµqvq AskMÖnYKvix Dcv`vb¸wji cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mwµq fi hw` GKK (1) nq, Z‡e 25C ZvcgvÎvq H ZworØv‡i †h
cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe
Zwor wef‡ei m„wó nq, Zv‡K H ZworØv‡ii cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe e‡j|
wMe&&m mgxKiY G = H  TS
`yB Aa©‡Kv‡li g‡a¨ c‡ivÿ ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Zwor we‡køl¨ †hgbt KCl, KNO3, NH4NO3 BZ¨vwì jeY wgwkªZ
jeY †mZz
`ªeY fwZ© U AvK…wZi KvuP b‡ji Dfq gyL Zzjv Øviv eÜ K‡i Aa©‡KvlØ‡qi g‡a¨ D‡ëvfv‡e Wywe‡q ivLv nq| G‡K jeY †mZz e‡j|
Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl ‡h Zwor †Kv‡l ivmvqwbK wewµqvi kw³ •e`y¨wZK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq, Zv‡K Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl e‡j| †hgbÑ †Wwb‡qj †Kvl|
dz‡qj †mj n‡jv DbœZ gv‡bi AvaywbK M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl| G †m‡ji dz‡qj wn‡m‡e H2 M¨vm, wg_vbj, Aw·‡Rb, M¨vmxq nvB‡WªvKve©b
dz‡qj †mj
BZ¨vw`‡K eënvi Kiv nq| G †m‡j Zwor ivmvqwbK Device _v‡K hv ivmvqwbK kw³‡K Zworkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i|
wWmPvR© ‡Kvl ev e¨vUvwi eënv‡ii mgq ivmvqwbK kw³ we`y¨r kw³‡Z cwiYZ nIqv‡K wWmPvR© e‡j|
 ASPECT SERIES  cvVëB‡K mnR Kivi cÖqvm 
446 Zwor imvqb CHEMISTRY PLUS
 CONCEPT 01 cwievnx m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj
 Item-01: Zwor cwievnx I Gi cÖKvi‡f`:
c`v_©
Acwievnx Zwor cwievnx Kz-cwievnx

ivevi, KuvP, KvV, mvjdvi, weï× cvwb
AavZz, †c‡Uªvj, wPwb, Møy‡KvR
Zwor cwienb c×wZ Abymv‡i Zwor cwienb ÿgZv Abymv‡i
B‡jKUªbxq/avZe cwievnx Zwor we‡køl¨ mycvi KÛv±i Zwor mycwievnx Aa©cwievnx (‡mwgKÛv±i)
msKi avZz I msKi avZzi A·vBW (i) mKj avZz (MÖæc IVA(14) Gi
†hgb- Nb3Ge Gi (Cu, Al, Zn, Fe, Ag) Si, Ge Gme Aa©avZz
mg¯Í avZz, MÖvdvBU, Kcvi TC (mwÜ ZvcgvÎv) n‡jv 23.2K;
YBa2Cu3O7 TC = 90k
Zij avZz- Hg
Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ g„`y Zwor we‡køl¨ Zwor Awe‡køl¨ cwievnx

 kw³kvjx ev Zxeª GwmW mvaviYZ A‣Re GwmW,  `~e©j ev •Re GwmW  •Re Zij ev `ªeY  cvwb
HCOOH, CH3COOH, RCOOH
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HBr, HI  B_vbj (CH3CH2OH),
 K‡qKwU A‣Re GwmW
 kw³kvjx ev Zxeª ÿvi MÖæc IA Gi avZe ÿvi H2CO3, H2SO3  Kve©b †UUªv‡K¬vivBW (CCl4)
NaOH, KOH MÖæc IIA Gi Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2  `~e©j ÿvi ev mg¯Í •Re ÿvi  †K¬v‡ivdig (CHCl3),
 cÖvq mKj je‡Yi `ªeY †hgb : NH4OH, NH3(aq)  myMvi (my‡µvR) `ªeY (C12H22O11)
 jeY LyeB Kg  MwjZ mvjdvi, KvV, ivevi
NaCl, KCl, KNO3, K2SO4, Na2SO4 HgCl2, (CH3COO)2Pb
 HOT NEWS: KwVb Zwor we‡køl¨ RvZxq Zworcwievnx g~jZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v:
 †Rj Zworwe‡køl¨t †`L‡Z Zij m`„k n‡jI GwU g~jZ KwVb j¨vwUm KvVv‡gv‡Z Ae¯vbiZ Zij c`v_© ev †Rj|
 cwjgvi Zworwe‡køl¨t G‡ÿ‡Î KwVb c`v‡_©i mv‡_ cwievnx jeY mivmwi wgwkÖZ Ae¯vq _v‡K| ¯vwqZ¡ evov‡Z Gi mv‡_ wmivwgK c`v_© eënvi Kiv nq|
 KwVb wmivwgK Zworwe‡køl¨t wmivwgK RvZxq KwVb c`v‡_©i j¨vwUm Gi ga¨Kvi duvKv RvqMv eënvi K‡i Avqbmg~n hvZvqvZ K‡i Ges cwievnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 †R‡b ivLv fvjt weï× mvjwdDwiK GwmW I weï× HClO4 we`y¨r cwienb bv Ki‡jI †h․M `ywUi wgkÖY we`y¨r cwienb K‡i|
 Item-02: avZe cwievnx I Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
avZe ev B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx
 B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn N‡U  Avq‡bi PjvPj N‡U|
 Zwor cwienb I B‡jKUª‡bi Pjvi w`K ci¯úi wecixZ gyLx  we`y¨r I Avq‡bi Pjvi w`K GKB
 ivmvqwbK wewµqv N‡U bv, ïay Zv‡ci D™¢e N‡U|  †g․‡j ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b nq, we‡qvwRZ nq I Zvc Drcbœ nq|
 ZworcÖevn cÖPwjZ B‡jKUª‡bi w`‡Ki wecix‡Z N‡U|  Avq‡bi cÖev‡ni w`‡KB Zwor cÖevn N‡U|
 ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z cwievwnZv n«vm cvq|  ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z cwievwnZv e„w× cvq |
 evwn¨K Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB|  evwn¨K Pvc e„w×‡Z Zwor cwievwnZv e„w× cvq|
 KwVb I MwjZ Dfq Ae¯vq Zwor cwienb K‡i|  ïay MwjZ ev Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor cwienb K‡i|
 GwU GKwU †f․Z cÖwµqv|  GwU GKwU ivmvqwbK cÖwµqv|
 D`vniY- mKj avZz I MÖvdvBU|  D`vniY- AvqwbK ev †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †h․M|

SAQ
Short Ans Question WRITTEN SUGGESTION BAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1 : wKfv‡e Aa©-cwievnxi cwievwnZv e„w× cvq?

DËi : ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j Aa©-cwievnxi †iva K‡g| d‡j Aa©-cwievnxi Zwor cwievwnZv e„w× cvq|
cÖkœ-2 : avZe cwievnx (B‡jKUªbxq) I Zwor we‡køl¨ (B‡jKUªjvBwUK) cwievnx Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL?
DËi : Concept-1, Item-2
cÖkœ-3 : †KvbwU AavZz n‡jI Zwor cwievnx?
DËi : MÖvdvBU|
 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION CU
01. †KvbwU Zwor we‡køl¨ bq? [CU-.2017-18, JU-D. 2017-18]
JU
A. CH3COOH B. NH4Cl C. CCl4 D. CaCl2
01. †KvbwU Zwor Awe‡køl¨? [JU-D,Set-B: 2018-19]
mwVK DËi: C. CCl4
A. H2O (weï×) B. H3PO4 `ªeY C. HF `ªeY D. KOH `ªeY e¨vL¨v: CCl4 mg‡hvRx, ZvB CCl4 Zwor we‡køl¨ bq|
mwVK DËi: A. H2O (weï×)
e¨vL¨v: Zwor we‡køl¨ : mej GwmW I ÿv‡ii `ªeY, mKj je‡bi `ªeY STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
Zwor Awe‡køl¨ t weï× H2O, weï× A¨vj‡Kvnj, mKj avZz I MÖvdvBU| JUST
02. ‡KvbwU †mwg-KÛv±i? [JU-D7.2017-18, e.‡ev. 2017] 01. †KvbwU Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_©? [JUST-C: 2019-20]
A. A¨vjywgwbqvg B. Rv‡g©wbqvg C. wRsK D. wmjfvi A. CuSO4 B. CuO C. CCl4 D. Sugar
mwVK DËi: B. Rv‡g©wbqvg mwVK DËi: A. CuSO4
e¨vL¨v: wmwjKb I Rv‡g©wbqvg nj †mwgKÛv±i| 02. wb‡¤œi NaCl `ªeY ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv m‡e©v”P?
03. †KvbwU Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨? [JU. 2013-2014] [JUST-B: 2019-20]
A. ‣Re GwmW B. mKj jeY C. mKj ÿvi D. g„`y ÿvi A. 0.01M NaCl B. 0.2M NaCl C. 0.3M NaCl D. 0.5M NaCl
mwVK DËi: B. mKj jeY mwVK DËi: D. 0.5M NaCl
e¨vL¨v: Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ : AvqwbK ev †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †h․M (MwjZ ev `ªexf~Z 03. Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_© †KvbwU? [JUST-A,Set-Kha 2018-19]
n‡Z n‡e|) †hgb- NaCl jeY `ªeY ev ÿvi wgwkªZ cvwb| A. A¨vwmwUK GwmW B. nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW
04. B‡jKUªbxq Zwor cwievnx †KvbwU? [JU.2011-12] C. A·vwjK GwmW D. †jW A¨vwm‡UU
A. FeSO4 (`ªeY) B. NaCl(MwjZ) C. CuSO4 (`ªeY) D. Cu mwVK DËi: B. nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW
mwVK DËi: D. Cu e¨vL¨v: mKj kw³kvjx A¨vwmW Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨|
e¨vL¨v: avZzmg~n Ges MÖvdvBU (Kve©‡bi GKwU iƒc‡f` hvi msKiY sp2) MBSTU
B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx Avi †h․Mmg~n Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx| 01. †KvbwU `ye©j Zwor we‡køl¨? [PBSTU-B.2016-17]
05. je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY Zwor- [JU. 2009-2010] A. NaCl B.HCl C. H2SO4 D. A¨vj‡Kvnj
A. mycwievnx B. Acwievnx C. Kzcwievnx D. ‡KvbwUB bq mwVK DËi: D. A¨vj‡Kvnj|
mwVK DËi: A. mycwievnx e¨vL¨v: mvaviYZ g„`y GwmW, g„`yÿvi Ges A¨vj‡Kvnj mg~n `ye©j Zwor we‡køl¨ nq|
e¨vL¨v: AwaKvsk je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ e‡j Bnv Zwor mycwievnx| BSMRSTU
RU 01. ZvcgvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ †KvbwUi we`y¨r cwievnxZv ev‡o?
01. †KvbwU Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_©? [RU-Science,Set-1:2018-19;JUST,set-Ka.18-19] [BSMRSTU-C. 2016-17, HSTU. 2014-15]
A. Fe B. Ag C. Cu D. Si
A. C2H5NH2 B. HgCl2 C. HClO4 D. (CH3 COO)2Pb
mwVK DËi: D. Si
mwVK DËi: C. HClO4
e¨vL¨v: Aa© cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j †iva K‡g cwievnxZv e„w× cv‡e|
e¨vL¨v: Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨- kw³kvjx ev Zxeª GwmW mvaviYZ A‣Re GwmW, Aa©cwievnx : Rv‡g©wbqvg, wmwjKb, K¨vWwgqvg, mvjdvBW, M¨vwjqvg Av‡m©bvBW,
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HBr, HI
BwÛqvg| AšÍiK/Acwievnx t KuvP, ivevi, wPbvgvwU, WvqgÛ, wmivwgK, KvV,
02. wb‡Pi †Kvb avZzwU Zwor mycwievnx bq? [RU-F3.2017-18]
cøvw÷K|
A. Kcvi B. wmjfvi C. MÖvdvBU D. Avqib
HSTU
mwVK DËi: C. MÖvdvBU 01. Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_© wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Zwor cÖevn N‡U? [HSTU-D.2016-17]
e¨vL¨v: mycwievnx : Lye mn‡RB B‡jKUªb cwienb K‡i| †hgb- Cu, Al, Fe, Zn BZ¨vw`| A. Avqb B. wbDUªb C. B‡jKUªb D. †cÖvUb
03 . †KvbwUi Rjxq `ªeY we`y¨r mycwievnx? [RU. 2012-13, wm.‡ev. 2016] mwVK DËi: A. Avqb
A. NH4Cl B. KOH C. H2CO3 D. CH3COOH
mwVK DËi: B. KOH
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: MÖæc-I Gi ÿvimg~n Zxeª Zwor cwievnx| DAT
01. Aa©cwievnx bq †KvbwU? [DAT- 2018-19]
04. †KvbwU g„`y B‡jK‡UªvjvBU? [RU.2009-2010]
A. wmwjKb B. †mwjwbqvg C. Rv‡g©wbqvg D. Aå
A. NH4OH B. HCl C. H2SO4 D. NaOH
mwVK DËi: D. Aå
mwVK DËi: A. NH4OH
02. †mwgKÛv±iiƒ‡c †Kvb †gŠjwU eëüZ nq? [Xv.‡ev. 2017]
e¨vL¨v: g„`y Zwor we‡køl¨t (AvswkK fv‡e we‡qvwRZ nq) •Re GwmW, g„`y GwmW A. Cu B. Al C. Zn D. Ge
I g„`y ÿvi (NH4OH)| mwVK DËi: D. Ge
 CONCEPT 02 Zwor we‡kølY I d¨viv‡Wi m~Î m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj
 Item-01: Zwor we‡kø‡lï cwievwnZvi cÖKvi‡f`-
welq msÁv cÖZxK mgxKiY GKK
Zwor 1cm `~i‡Z¡ _vKv I 1cm2 cÖ¯‡”Q` wewkó `ywU ZworØv‡ii gaëZ©x 1 l CGS = (ohm–1 cm–1)
= ×
we‡kø‡lï Zwor we‡køl¨ `ªe‡Yi †iva‡K H Zworwe‡kø‡lï Av‡cwÿK †iva e‡j| ev, mho. cm–1

R A
Av‡cwÿK Av‡cwÿK †iv‡ai wecixZ ivwk‡K Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv ejv nq| =L×
l 1
[L = ] S.I. = (Sm–1)
cwievnxZv A R
Zwor †Kv‡bv Zwor we‡kø‡lï GK MÖvg Zzj¨fi cwigv‡Yi `ªeY‡K GK 1000 cm3 CGS=(ohm–1.cm2. (g.eqv)–1)
= S.I. = S.m2. (g.eqv)–1
we‡kø‡lï †mw›UwgUvi (1 cm) `~i‡Z¡ _vKv `ywU Dchy³ ZworØv‡ii gaëZ©x ¯v‡b

C
Zzj¨ ivL‡j Zwor cÖev‡n `ªeYwUi †h cwievwnZv nq, Zv‡K H Zwor
cwievwnZv we‡kø‡lï Zzj¨ cwievwnZv e‡j|
Zwor †Kvb Zwor we‡kø‡lï GK †gvj cwigv‡Yi `ªeY‡K GK †mw›UwgUvi (1 1000 cm3 CGS=(ohm–1.cm2.mol–1)
m =  
m
we‡kø‡lï cm) `~i‡Z¡ _vKv `ywU Dchy³ ZworØv‡ii gaëZ©x ¯v‡b ivL‡j Zwor M
†gvjvi cÖev‡n `ªeYwUi †h cwievwnZv nq, Zv‡K H Zwor we‡kø‡lï †gvjvi
cwievwnZv cwievwnZv e‡j|
 Item-02: Zwor we‡kø‡lï NbgvÎv cwieZ©‡b Zzj¨ cwievwnZvi cwieZ©b:
†Kv‡bv Zxeª Zwor we‡kø‡lï (HCl, NaCl) Zzj¨ cwievwnZv Zwor we‡kø‡lï NbgvÎv n«v‡mi mv‡_ mij •iwLKfv‡e e„w× cvq| Aciw`‡K g„`y Zwor
we‡køl¨ (CH3COOH) Gi NbgvÎv n«v‡mi mv‡_ Zzj¨ cwievwnZv eµ AvKv‡i e„w× cvq Ges Amxg jNyZvq Zzj¨ cwievwnZv wbY©q Kiv hvq bv|
NbgvÎvi †Kv‡bv Zwor we‡kø‡lï cwievwnZv wbf©i K‡i Zwor we‡kø‡lï `ªe‡Y Dcw¯Z
cwieZ©b (i) Avq‡bi msL¨v I (ii) Avqb¸‡jvi MwZ‡e‡Mi Ici|
Zxeª Zwor we‡kø‡lï NbgvÎv n«v‡mi mv‡_ Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv n«vm cvq|
g„`y Zwor we‡kø‡lï NbgvÎv e„w×‡Z Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv e„w× cvq; wKš‧ Zzj¨ cwievwnZv n«vm cvq|
 Item-03: Zwor m¤úwK©Z msÁv I eënvwiK GKK :
welq msÁv cÖZxK mgxKiY GKK
Zwor‡ÿ‡Îi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Amxg `~iZ¡ †_‡K GKwU GKK abvZ¥K Zwor m¤úvw`Z KvR J
Zwor wefe
PvR©‡K Avb‡Z †h cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K H we›`yi Zwor wefe e‡j| V V=
Pv‡R©i cwigvY C
†fvë (V)
†Kvl wefe ev GKwU GKK abvZ¥K Avavb‡K eZ©bxi GKwe›`y n‡Z m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q W JC–1 ev
Zwo”PvjK kw³ Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h KvR m¤úvw`Z nq Zv‡K †Kvl wefe e‡j| E E=
Q SI GKK †fvë (V)
Zwor gvÎv / †h †Kv‡bv cÖ¯‡”Q‡ì GKwU Zwor cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q GKK mg‡q †h Q
Zwor cÖevn cwigvY Avavb ev PvR© cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K Zwor Kv‡i›U ev Zwor gvÎv e‡j| I I=
t
A¨vw¤úqvi (A)
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q GK †m‡KÛ hver GK A¨vw¤úqvi Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j
Kzj¤^
cÖevwnZ †gvU Zwor Pv‡R©i cwigvY‡K 1 Kzj¤^ Zwor cÖevn e‡j| Q Q = It Kzj¤^ (C)
Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq 1 Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i hZ
Zwor ivmvqwbK W
cwigvY A¨v‡bv‡W `ªexf~Z ev K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ nq Zv‡K †mB c`v‡_©i Zwor Z Z= g.C–1
Zzj¨v¼ Q
ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ e‡j|
 Item-04: d¨viv‡Wi m~Î :
ZË¡ d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi Av‡jvPbv
cÖ_g m~Î `ªe‡Y ev MwjZ Ae¯vq †Kvb Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j we‡qvR‡bi cwigvY Z_v B‡jK‡Uªv‡W `ªexf~Z ev RgvK…Z c`v‡_©i
fi, cÖevwnZ we`y¨r Avavb ev we`y¨r kw³i cwigvY Gi mgvbycvwZK| A_v©r W  Q ev W = ZQ = ZIt
wØZxq m~Î hw` wewfbœ we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ GKB mg‡qi Rb¨ GKB cwigvY Zwor cÖevn Z_v GKB cwigvY we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Kiv nq Z‡e B‡jK‡UªvW mg~‡n
W W
`ªexf~Z ev mwÂZ c`v‡_©i cwigvY c`v_© mg~‡ni Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vs‡Ki mgvbycvwZK| A_v©r W  Z  Z 1 = Z 2 = aªæeK|
1 2
cÖ‡hvR¨Zv (i) d¨viv‡Wi m~Î `ªeY I MwjZ B‡jK‡UªvjvBU Dfq‡ÿ‡ÎB mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
(ii) d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi Dci ZvcgvÎv, Pvc, `ªveK I `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi †Zgb †Kvb cÖfve †bB|
(iii) GKB †g․‡ji wewfbœ AvqwbK Ae¯vi (RviY gvb) `ªe‡Yi †ÿ‡Î G m~Î mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
mxgve×Zv (i) G m~Î B‡jKUªbxq cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq bv|
(ii) ‡h mg¯Í Zwor we‡køl‡Y 100% Zworwe‡køl¨ c×wZ‡Z Zwor cÖevwnZ nq, G m~Î ïay †m †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
(iii) GKvwaK wewµqv msNwUZ n‡j MYbvq ÎæwU †`Lv hvq|
cÖ‡qvM (i) G m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© MYbv Kiv hvq|
(ii) wK cwigvY Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j KZUzKz e¯‧ A¨v‡bvW ev K¨v‡_v‡Wi wewµqvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e Zv 2q m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Rvbv hvq|
 Item-05: K‡qKwU †gŠ‡ji Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK :
m~Î †gŠ‡ji bvg Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK (gc-1) †gŠ‡ji bvg Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK (gc-1)
Z=
M nvB‡Wªv‡Rb 0.000010447 ev, 104.4710-7 wmjfvi 0.001118 ev, 1.118  103
eF Kcvi 0.000329 ev, 3.29  104 Aw·‡Rb 0.0000829 ev, 8.29  105
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : Zwor ivmvqwbK Zyj¨v¼ ej‡Z wK eyS? d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi mxgve×Zvmg~n wjL|
DËi : Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq GKwU Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i `ªe‡Y 1 Kzj¤^ we`y¨rPvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j hZ MÖvg c`v_© ZworØv‡i mwÂZ ev `ªexf~Z nq Zv‡K H c`v‡_©i
Zwor-ivmvqwbK Zyj¨v¼ e‡j| [we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z Item-04, †`Lyb]
cÖkœ-02 : wmjfv‡ii Zwor ivmvqwbK Zyj¨v¼ 1.118  10–3 gC–1 ej‡Z Kx †evS? [e.‡ev. 2015, h.‡ev. 2016, P.‡ev. 2016]
DËi : wmjfv‡ii Zwor ivmvqwbK Zyj¨v¼ 1.118 10 gC ej‡Z †evSvq Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq 1 Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j 1.118  10–3 g wmjfvi A¨v‡bvW
–3 –1
†_‡K `ªexf~Z nq ev K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ nq|

cÖkœ-03: 25C ZvcgvÎv I Amxg jNyZvq GKwU GK ÿviKxq `ye©j Gwm‡Wi Zzj¨ cwievwnZv 388.5 ohm1.cm2.equiv1| we‡qvRb gvÎv 6% n‡j 0.1 M
`ªe‡Yi Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv †ei Ki? [KUET. 2019-20]
DËi : GLv‡b,  = Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv ; C = †gvjvi NbgvÎv ; e = Zzj¨ msL¨v = 1 [∵ GK ÿviKxq GwmW]
 Zzj¨ cwievwnZv, =  1000   =   C  e = 388.5  0.1  1 = 0.03885 ohm1cm1 [N.B. Amxg jNyZvq `ye©j GwmW I m¤ú~Y© we‡qvwRZ nq|]
Ce 1000 1000

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 04. d¨viv‡Wi m~Î †Kvb cwievnxi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨? i. B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx ii. Zwor
we‡køl¨ cwievnx iii. MwjZ A¨vjywgbv| †KvbwU mwVK? [JU-A4.2017-18]
DU A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i,ii I iii
01. †Kvb avZzi GK †gvj Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ Kzj‡¤^ wK cwigvY Zwor cÖ‡qvRb n‡e mwVK DËi: B. ii I iii
(Standard value) [DU. 1995-96; IU. 1995-96]
e¨vL¨v: d¨viv‡Wi m~Î Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx
A. 47495 B. 96485 C. 95600 D. 96900
Gi †ÿ‡Î d¨viv‡Wi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
mwVK DËi: B. 96485
05. 1 Faraday mgvb: [JU. 2009-2010, RU. 2009-10, 2010-11]
e¨vL¨v: 1F Zwor cÖ‡qvRb hv 96500 C Gi mgvb| d¨viv‡Wi mwZ¨Kvi gvb n‡”Q
A .95600 Kzj¤^ B. 96500 Kzj¤^
96473 C.
C. 96500 A¨vw¤úqvi D. 9650 Kzj¤^
JU
mwVK DËi: B. 96500 Kzj¤^
01. Zwor cwigv‡ci ÿz`ªZg GKK †KvbwU? [JU-D: 2019-20]
06. d¨viv‡Wi cÖ_g m~Î Abymv‡i we`y¨r kw³i cwigvY ZworcÖevn I mg‡qi
A. A¨vw¤úqvi B. Kzj¤^ C. d¨viv‡W D. †fvë
¸Yd‡ji : [JU. 2009-2010]
mwVK DËi: A. A¨vw¤úqvi A. mgvb B. e¨¯Í v by cvwZK C. mgvby c vwZK D. ‡ekx
e¨vL¨v: 1amp = 1Cs–1 †m‡nZz 1amp GKK C GKK Gi †P‡q †QvU mwVK DËi: A. mgvb
1C = 1JV–1 †m wn‡m‡e Volt GKK C GKK Gi †P‡q eo
e¨vL¨v: Q = It
Avevi 1F = 96500 C †m‡nZz F GKK C Gi †P‡q eo
ZvB µg Abymv‡i amp < C < V < F RU
02. †Kvb cwievwnZv †Kv‡li ZworØv‡ii gvÎv 0.9 cm I 1.005 cm Ges 01. GK Kz j¤^ Pv‡R© KZ¸‡jv B‡jKUª ‡ bi PvR© _vK‡e? [RU-H1.2017-18]
18
Zv‡ì gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ 4.5 cm n‡j H cwievwnZv †Kv‡li †Kvl aªæeK KZ? A. GKwU B‡jKUª ‡ bi B. 6.2510 B‡jKUª ‡bi
19 -19
[JU-D, Set-Q. 2019-20] C. 1.610 B‡jKUª‡bi D. 6.2510 B‡jKUª‡bi
A. 5.175 cm1 B. 4.975 cm1 C. 5.375 cm1 D. 4.575 cm1 mwVK DËi: B. 6.251018 B‡jKUª‡bi
mwVK DËi: B. 4.975 cm1 e¨vL¨v: 96500 C PvR© _v‡K 6.0231023 wU B‡jKUª‡bi Pv‡R©|
l 4.5 4.5 6.023  10 23
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvl aªe‡Ki mgxKiY: A = = = 4.975 cm1  1C PvR© _v‡K wU B‡jKUª‡bi Pv‡R©|
0.9  1.005 0.9045
96500
03. 1F we`y¨r Øviv †Kvb avZzi Avqb K¨v‡_v‡W AwaK cwigv‡Y mwÂZ n‡e?
[JU-A, Set-A. 2019-20; IU. 2019-20]
= 6.241018 wU B‡jKUª‡bi Pv‡R©|
A. Zn B. Al C. K D. Ca 02. B‡jKUªb †fvë wK‡mi GKK? [RU-2016-17, CU. 2012-13, Xv.‡ev. 2016]
mwVK DËi: C. K A. kw³ B. Avavb C. wefe D.aviKZ¡
W mwVK DËi: A. kw³
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  Q = e . .F
M IU
1F Gi †ÿ‡Î, Q = 1F  W =
M 01. Zwor we‡kø l‡Yi d‡j ZworØv‡i RgvK…Z c`v‡_©i cwigvY cÖevwnZ †gvU
e Zwor Gi- [IU. 2004-2005]
K Gi 1 mol (39.1g) e Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡j 1F we`y¨r jv‡M ZvB GwU A. mgvb B. mgvbycvwZK C. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK D. †KvbwUB bq
m‡e©v”P cwigv‡Y Rgv n‡e| mwVK DËi: B. mgvbycwZK
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION KUET
01. A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK KZ n‡e? [KUET 2006-07]
DU Technology
A. 0.000279 B. 0.000139
01. SI c×wZ‡Z cwievwnZvi GKK †KvbwU?
C. 0.000093 D. 0.00419
A. S B. ohm1 E. 0.000559
C. mho D. 1 mwVK DËi: C. 0.000093
mwVK DËi: A. S 27
e¨vL¨v: Z = M = = 0.000093 gc–1
02. Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZvi m~Î †KvbwU? eF 3  96500
l BUTex
A. L = R1 B.  =
 01. Ag Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ Gi gvb KZ? [BUTex.2014-15; RU.17-18]
l A. 0.0000104 B. 0.000329
C. R =  D. R =
A C. 0.000287 D. 0.001118
mwVK DËi: D. 0.001118
mwVK DËi: B.  = l
 e¨vL¨v: Ag+ + e–  Ag; Z = M =
108
= 0.001118 gc–1
03. †gvjvi cwievwnZvi m~Î †KvbwU? eF 96500 1
  1000 cm   1000 cm2 STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
A.  = B.  =
C C
DAT
  1000 cm 3
  1000 cm3
C.  = D. m = 01. GK †gvj B‡jKUª‡bi †gvU PvR© KZ? [DAT. 2016-17]
C C
A. 96288 B. 94388
mwVK DËi: D. m =   1000 cm
3
C. 96566 D. 96473
C
mwVK DËi: D. 96473
04. CGS GK‡K Zzj¨ cwievwnZvi GKK †KvbwU?
Board Ques.
A. ohm1. cm2 (g.eqv)1 B. sm1. (g.eqv)1
02. 1F we`y¨r Øviv †Kvb avZzi Avqb K¨v‡_v‡W AwaK cwigv‡Y mwÂZ n‡e?
C. ohm1. cm2 mol1 D. ohm1. (g.eqv)1 [e.‡ev. 2017]
1 2 1
mwVK DËi: A. ohm . cm (g.eqv) A. Zn B. Al
05. CGS c×wZ‡Z †gvjvi cwievwnZvi GKK Kx? C. K D. Ca
A. Ohm1. cm2 (g.eqv)1 B. Ohm1. cm2 mol1 mwVK DËi: C. K
w QM
C. Ohm1. mol1 D. Ohm1. cm2 mol1 e¨vL¨v: Hints: Q = e  n  F  Q = e  M  F  w = e
1 2 1
mwVK DËi: D. Ohm . cm mol
03. K¨v‡_v‡W 1 mol Cu avZz Rgv Ki‡Z CuSO4 `ªe‡Y KZ d¨viv‡W we`y¨r
Pvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e? [P.‡ev. 2017]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION A. 1F B. 2F
BUET C. 3F D. 4F
01. GKwU mg‡hvRx Avq‡bi evwnZ Pv‡R©i cwigvY nj [BUET: 2006-2007] mwVK DËi: B. 2F
A. 96500 C B. 6.023  1023 C e¨vL¨v: Q = e  n  F = 21F = 2F [GLv‡b Kcv‡i PvR© +2]
C. 1.6  10 C
-19
D. 1.0  10 C
-9 04. 1 mol Ag K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv Ki‡Z AgNO3 `ªe‡Y KZ d¨viv‡W we`y¨r Pvjbv
E. 6.023  10-23 C Ki‡Z n‡e? [gv`ªvmv ‡ev. 2017]
A. 1F B. 2F
mwVK DËi: C. 1.6  10 C-19
C. 3F D. 4F
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b GKwU mg‡hvRx Avqb ej‡Z eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q GKK PvR©hy³ A¨vbvqb| mwVK DËi: A. 1F
hvi GKwU B‡j±«b †ekx _vKvi Kvi‡Y 1.610–19C PvR© enb K‡i| e¨vL¨v: Q = e  n  F = 11F = 1F [GLv‡b wmjfv‡ii PvR© +1]
wek¦we`¨vjq I cÖ‡KŠkj fwZ© cixÿv_©x‡ì c~Y©v½ cÖ¯‘wZi M„nwkÿ‡Ki weKí GKgvÎ mnvwqKv...
 ASPECT MATH  ASPECT BIOLOGY  ASPECT PHYSICS  CHEMISTRY PLUS  ASPECT ENGLISH  Avm‡c± evsjv
 CONCEPT 03 Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwiR m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj
 Item-01: avZzi mwµqZv wmwiR:
avZz cÖZxK me‡P‡q †ewk Zwor abvZ¥K
wjw_qvg Li
cvwb H2O(l) †_‡K H2 †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z
AZxe mwµq
cUvwkqvg K
†ewiqvg Ba cv‡i
K¨vjwmqvg Ca 2Li(s) + 2H2O(l)  2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)
‡mvwWqvg Na
g¨vM‡bwkqvg Mg
A¨vjywgwbqvg Al
w÷g H2O(g) †_‡K H2 †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i
ga¨g mwµq
g¨v½vwbR Mn Zn(s) + 2H2O(g)  Zn(OH)2 (s) + H2(g)

wRsK Zn Zn(s) + H2O(g)  ZnO(s) + H2(g)
‡µvwgqvg Cr
Zwor abvZ¥KZv e„w×

Avqib Fe
avZzi weRviY ÿgZvi e„w×µg
mwµqZv n«vm
K¨vWwgqvg Cd
‡Kvevë Co GwmW (HCl) †_‡K H2 †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i
wb‡Kj Ni Sn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  SnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
wUb Sn
‡jW Pb
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb H
Gw›Ugwb Sb
Av‡m©wbK As
wemgv_ Bi
Kcvi Cu
Dc‡ii †Kv‡bv Drm †_‡K Gme avZz
gvK©vix Hg
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
wmjfvi Ag
c¨vjvwWqvg Pd
cøvwUbvg Pt
‡Mvì Au me‡P‡q Kg Zwor abvZ¥K
wj †K ev ‡K bv g¨vMvBfvi G‡jv wgqv ‡hb Kwo †d‡j K¨vwÐ PK‡jU wb‡j ‡mvbv cv‡e nvq my‡hvM Av‡mwb e‡j Kzjv½vi nvwR AvR wcUv‡e Avgvq
 g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj: Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : (i) †jW (Pb) †_‡K Ici w`‡Ki avZz¸‡jv H †_‡K AwaK mwµq| ZvB Giv H2O I HCl †_‡K H †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z mÿg|
(ii) ‘H’ Gi wb‡Pi avZz¸‡jv H †_‡K Kg mwµq| ZvB Giv H2O I HCl †_‡K H †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
(iii) mwµqZvi mvwii cÖ_g 7wU †g․j Zwor we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wb®‥vkb Kiv hvq|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwi‡Ri cÖ‡qvMt
 H+ Avq‡bi Dc‡i Aew¯Z Avqb¸‡jv GwmW †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 H+ Avq‡bi wb‡P Aew¯Z Avqb¸‡jv GwmW †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
 `ªe‡Y GKvwaK Avqb GK mv‡_ _vK‡j wmwi‡Ri wb‡Pi AvqbwU Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e| †hgb- Zn2+ A‡cÿv Cu2+ Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwi‡Ri `ywU Avq‡bi g‡a¨ bx‡Pi AvqbwU K¨v‡_vW Ges Dc‡ii AvqbwU A¨v‡bvW wnmv‡e eëüZ nq|
 `ªe‡Y AvqbØ‡qi (K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvqb) Zwor Øv‡i PvR©gy³ nIqvi Rb¨ kZ©t
kZ© Av‡jvPbv
 g~jZ Avq‡bi PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z AvqbwUi Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i| mvwi‡Z hvi Ae¯vb hZ
Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi
wb‡P †m ZZ Av‡M PvR©gy³ nq|
mgag©x Avq‡bi  Zwor we‡køl‡Y A‡bK mgq Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z Ae¯’v‡bi †P‡q Avq‡bi NbgvÎvi cÖfve †ewk †`Lv hvq| mwµqZv wmwi‡R
NbgvÎv Ae¯vb Abyhvqx Pb(II) je‡Yi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor wekøl‡bi mgq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avq‡bi PvR©gy³ nIqvi K_v, wKš‧ `ªe‡Y Pb2+
Gi NbgvÎv H3O+ Gi NbgvÎvi †P‡q A‡bK¸‡Y †ewk _vK‡j Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq Pb2+ weRvwiZ nq|
 Avq‡bi NbgvÎvi gZ K¨v‡_v‡Wi cÖK…wZi DciI A‡bK mgq K¨vUvq‡bi PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv wbf©i K‡i| cøvwUbvg A_ev
ZworØv‡ii cÖK…wZ †jW B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi cwie‡Z© cvi` B‡jK‡UªvW eënvi Kiv n‡j †Kvb `ªeY H3O+ †K PvR©gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e AwaK
cwigv‡Y Zwor wefe Z_v †fvëgvÎv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e, NaCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Hg eënvi Ki‡j Na •Zwi nq|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwi‡Ri GKvskt (i) K¨v‡_v‡W Avq‡bi PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv evg †_‡K Wv‡b µgvš^‡q evo‡Q- M
ASPECT SERIES  n+ 
+ ne  M

(ii) avZzi mwµqZv µgvš^‡q evg †_‡K Wv‡b Kg‡Q- M  M + ne n+
 K¨vUvqbt K+>Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>Al3+>Zn2+>Fe2+>Sn2+>Pb2+>H+>Cu2+>Hg2+>Ag+>Pt3+>Au3+
 A¨vb¨vqbt PvR© gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv evg †_‡K Wv‡b µgvš^‡q evo‡Q: NO3– < SO42– < Cl– < Br– < I– < OH–
bv mv K †e AvBj nvB
bvmv K‡e NO3– SO42– Cl– Br– I– OH–
AvBj nvB NO – = NO + 1O + e – 1  – 1  – 1  – 1 
3 2
2
2 SO42– = SO2 + O2 + 2e Cl = 2 Cl2 + e Br = 2 Br2 + e I = 2 I2 + e OH = H2O+2 O2 + 2e
 Item-02: wewfbœ B‡jK‡UªvW eënvi K‡i wewfbœ `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡kølY ev K¨v‡_v‡W Ges A¨v‡bv‡W Drcbœ e¯‘ :
`ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z Avavbhy³ K¨vUvqb I `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z Avavbhy³ A¨vbvqb
B‡jK‡UªvjvBU K¨v‡_vW A¨‡bvW
K¨vUvqb Drcv` A¨vbvqb I Drcv`
NaCl `ªeY (MwjZ) Na+ Pt Na+, Na(g) Cl– Pt Cl–, Cl2(g)
NaCl `ªeY (jNy) H , Na+
+
Pt H+, H2(g) Cl , OH–
–
Pt OH–, O2(g)
NaCl `ªeY (Mvp ) H+, Na+ Pt H+, H2(g) Cl–, OH– Pt Cl–, Cl2(g)
NaCl `ªeY (Mvp) H+, Na+ Hg Na+, Na(s) Cl–, OH– Pt Cl–, Cl2(g)
H2SO4 `ªeY H+ Pt H+, H2(g) SO42–, OH– Pt OH–, O2(g)
CuSO4 `ªeY Cu2+, H+ Pt Cu2+, Cu(s) SO42–, OH– Pt OH–, O2(g)
CuSO4 I ZnSO4
Cu2+, H+ Cu Cu2+, Cu(s) SO42-, OH- Cu, Zn OH–, O2(g)
`ªe‡Yi wgkªY
 Item-03: wewfbœ RviY I weRviY c‡Ubwkqvj Gi gvb :
wewµqv cÖgvY RviY cÖgvY weRviY
B‡jK‡UªvW B‡jK‡UªvW wewµqv (weRviY)
(RviY) wefe (V) wefe (V)
Xn+ + e  X
wb‡Pi w`‡K RviYwefe Kg‡Q
Li/Li+ +3.04 Li+/Li wb‡Pi w`‡K weRviY wefe evo‡Q –3.04

X–ne Xn+
K/K+ +2.92 K+/K –2.92

Ca/Ca2+ +2.87 Ca2+/Ca –2.87
Na/Na+ +2.71 Na+/Na –2.71
Mg/Mg2+ +2.37 Mg2+/Mg –2.37
Al/Al3+ +1.66 Al3+/Al –1.66
Mn/Mn2+ +1.18 Mn2+/Mn –1.18
Zn/Zn2+ +0.76 Zn2+/Zn –0.76
Fe/Fe2+ +0.44 Fe2+/Fe –0.44
Ni/Ni2+ +0.25 Ni2+/Ni –0.25
Sn/Sn2+ +0.14 Sn2+/Sn –0.14
Pb/Pb2+ +0.13 Pb2+/Pb –0.13
H2/2H+ 0.00 2H+/H2 –0.00
Cu/Cu2+ –0.34 Cu2+/Cu +0.34
Ag/Ag+ –0.80 Ag+/Ag +0.80
1 –1.36 1 +1.36
Cl–/ Cl2 Cl /Cl–
2 2 2
Au/Au3+ –1.42 Au3+/Au +1.42
1 –2.87 1 +2.87
F/ F2 F /F–
2 2 2
 ‡h mg¯Í ZworØv‡ii cÖgvY RviY wefe abvZ¥K ev weRviY wefe FYvZ¥K †m me ZworØv‡ii Dcv`vb †g․j mn‡RB B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i| H
†g․j¸‡jv fv‡jv weRviK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| †hgb: Zn2+/Zn A‡cÿv Cu2+/Cu ZworØv‡i weRviY wef‡ei gvb ‡ewk; G Kvi‡Y Cu A‡cÿv Zn AwaKZi
kw³kvjx weRviK|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †kªwbi Dc‡ii w`K †_‡K †bqv †Kv‡li GKwU D`vniY wb‡gœ D‡jøL Kiv nj :
Pt|H2(g), 2H+(aq)||K+(aq)|K(s) Ecell = –2.92V (cÖgvY weRviY wefe) G‡ÿ‡Î, †`Lv hvq Ecell AZ¨šÍ FYvZ¥K|
 cÖPwjZ wbqgvbyhvqx Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, wewµqvwU wb‡gœv³fv‡e msNwUZ nIqvi cÖeYZv ZxeªZi| A_v©r K(s)K+(aq) + e–
 myZivs cUvwkqvg avZz K(s) GKwU Zxeª weRviK| (weRviK c`v_© B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i|)

SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU AwaK mwµq?

DËi : K
cÖkœ-02 : wRsK B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi cÖgvY Rvib wefe E0Zn / Zn2+ = + 0.76V ej‡Z wK eySvq?
DËi : wRsK B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi cÖgvY RviY wefe = wRsK avZzi `ªeY Pvc- wRsK `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc = + 0.76V| G wef‡ei gvb abvZ¥K ej‡Z eySvq, wRsK
avZz avZe Avqb wn‡m‡e `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z nIqvi cÖeYZv Av‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î wRsK avZz KZ…©K B‡jKUª‡bi `vb N‡U, ZvB wRsK avZzi RviY NU‡e| KviY wRsK
avZzi `ªeY Pvc, `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pv‡ci †P‡q †ewk|
cÖkœ-03 : eªvB‡bi Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_v‡W wK Drcbœ nq?
DËi : Concept-03, Item-02.
cÖkœ-04: Kcvi, nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bv †Kb?
DËi : mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu Gi Ae¯vb H Gi wb‡P A_©vr Cu, H Gi Zzjbvq Kg mwµq| ZvB Cu, HCl n‡Z H AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j wewµqv nq bv|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 04. wb‡Pi †Kvb B‡jK‡UªvWwUi cÖgvY weRviY c‡Ubwkqvj m‡ev©”P?
[DU. 2006-2007, DU. 2004-2005]
DU A. H+(aq)/H2(g), Pt B. Cu2+ (q)/Cu(s)
01. NaCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡køl‡Y †KvbwU Drcbœ nq bv? C. Na+ (aq)/Na(s) D. Pt/F2 (g)/F-(aq)
[DU-Ka. 2015-16] mwVK DËi: D. Pt/F (g)/F-(aq)
2
A. Na B. Cl2 C. H2 D. NaOH
e¨vL¨v: AavZzi weRviY c‡Ubwkqv‡ji gvb †ewk|
mwVK DËi: A. Na
05. wb‡Pi †Kvb A·vBW‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm Øviv weRvwiZ Kiv hv‡e?
e¨vL¨v: Zwor we‡kølY wewµqvwU wbgœiƒc: [DU. 2004-2005, RU-H. 2012-13]
K¨v‡_vW wewµqv: 2Cl-→Cl2 + 2e-; A¨v‡bvW wewµqv: 2H+ + 2e-→H2 A. Al2O3 B. MgO C. CuO D. Na2O
`ªe‡Y OH-I Na+ hy³ n‡q NaOH Drcbœ K‡i Zvn‡j NaCl Gi Rjxq mwVK DËi: C. CuO
`ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y Cl2, H2 I NaOH Drcbœ nq wKš‧ Na nq bv| Z‡e e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi wb‡P Aew¯Z avZe A·vBW‡K H Øviv
Hg ZworØvi wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡j Na Drcbœ nq| weRvwiZ Kiv hv‡e|
02. Kcvi A¨v‡bvW eënvi K‡i Kcvi mvj‡dU-Gi Rjxq `ªeY B‡j‡±ªvwe‡kølY G‡ì‡K Zwor we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z
mwµqZv wmwi‡R
K, Ca, Na, Mg,

Kiv n‡j A¨v‡bv‡W †h wewµqv N‡U- [DU.2009-2010] Al weRviY Kiv hvq|
A. Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, G‡ì A·vBW‡K Kve©b Øviv weRviY Kiv
B. Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e– H hvq
C. 1/2H2 (g) H+(aq)+e– Cu, Ag, Au G‡ì A·vBW‡K H-M¨vm Øviv
D. 4OH–(aq)  2H2O(1) + O2 (g) +4e– weRviY Kiv hvq|
mwVK DËi: B. Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e- 06. †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? [DU.2001-2002]
e¨vL¨v: `ªeY¯ OH– Avq‡bi Zzjbvq Cu Gi RviY cÖeYZv †ekx nIqvq Kcvi A. jNy NaCl `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bv‡W O2 Drcbœ nq|
A¨v‡bvW eënvi Ki‡j Kcv‡ii A¨v‡bvW †_‡K Cu RvwiZ n‡q `ªe‡Y B. Mvp NaCl `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bv‡W cÖavbZ Cl2 Drcbœ nq|
Avm‡e| wewµqvwU n‡e Cu(s)Cu2+(aq) + 2e– C. cøvwUbvg K¨v‡_vW eënvi K‡i NaCl `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y K¨v‡_v‡W H2
wKš‧ Pt A¨v‡bvW eënvi Ki‡j A¨v‡bv‡W M¨vmxq O2 Drcbœ n‡e| wewµqvwU Drcbœ nq|
n‡e 4OH–(aq)  2H2O(1) + O2 (g) +4e– D. Kcvi A¨v‡bvW eënvi K‡i CuSO4 `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bv‡W O2
03. PviwU ‡U÷wUD‡e wbgœwjwLZ PviwU je‡bi eY©nxb `ªeY †i‡L cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z Drcbœ nq|
GKwU K‡i Zvgvi cvZ †XvKv‡j ‡Kvb `ªeYwU †kl ch©šÍ bxj n‡e? mwVK DËi: D.
[DU. 2006-2007]
e¨vL¨v: we‡kl mZK©Zvt ‡Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î we‡kl avZz Øviv B‡jK‡UªvW •Zwi K‡i
A. NaCl B. Cd(NO3)2 C. AgNO3 D. ZnSO4
mwVK DËi: C. AgNO3 we‡kl Avqb‡K Avavbgy³ Kivi eë¯v Kiv hvq| gviKvwi B‡jK‡UªvW eënvi
e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R hvi Ae¯vb hZ wb‡P †m Av‡M wewµqv K‡i| GB Rb¨ Kiv n‡j NaCl `ªe‡Yi B‡jK‡Uªv- we‡køl‡Y K¨v‡_v‡W Na Drcbœ nq, KviY GB
B‡jK‡Uªv‡W Na+ Avq‡bi Avavbhy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv (weRviY c‡Ubwkqvj) H+
`ªe‡Y GKvwaK jeY _vKv m‡Ë¡I wb‡Pi jeYwU Av‡M cÖwZwµqv †`Lvq|
Avqb A‡cÿv †ewk| CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi B‡jKUªb we‡køl‡Y Cu- A¨v‡bvW eënvi
Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z Na, Cd, Zn Gi Ae¯vb Cu Gi Dc‡i e‡j Cu
Kiv n‡j `ªeY †_‡K †Kvb A¨vbvqb (SO42- ev OH-) Avavbhy³ bv n‡q
G‡ì cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ Ag-B Kcv‡ii wb‡P
Aew¯Z| cÖ`Ë je‡Yi `ªeY mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ag+/Ag Gi weRviY wefe A¨v‡bv‡Wi Cu RvwiZ n‡q Cu2+ Drcbœ nq| CuCu2+ + 2e
07. †mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
Cu2+/Cu Gi †P‡q †ekx| Ab¨¸‡jv (Na+/Na, Cd2+/Cd, Zn2+/Zn) Gi
weRviY wefe Kg| GLv‡b Cu RvwiZ n‡q bxj e‡Y©i `ªeYxq Cu(NO3)2 cvIqv hv‡e? [DU. 1997-1998, IU. 2013-14]
A. Cl2 (g), H2 (g), NaOH (aq) B. H2(g),O2(g),NaOH (aq)
jeY •Zix K‡i|
C. NaOH (aq), Cl2 (g), O2 (g) D. NaOH (aq), Cl2 (g)
2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) mwVK DËi: A. Cl2 (g), H2 (g), NaOH (aq)
e¨vL¨v: Rjxq `ªe‡Y Avqbt NaCl ⇌ Na + Cl ,H2O ⇌ H + OH

+ – + ASPECT SERIES 
07. Zwor we‡kølY †Kv‡li K¨v‡_v‡W msNwUZ nIqv m¤¢e-
[JU. 2011-12, BSMRSTU. 2014-15, RU. 2013-14]
K¨v‡_v‡W hv‡e A¨v‡bv‡W hv‡e A. Na  Na+ + e- B. K+ + e–  K
+ -
Na Cl 1
C. Cl– – e–  Cl2 D. ‡KvbwUB bq
H+ OH– 2
–
mwµqZv wmwi‡R †h wb‡P ‡m Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e| †m Abyhvqx OH– nIqvi mwVK DËi: B. K + e  K
+
K_v wQj| wKš‧ `ªe‡Y †K¬vivBW Avq‡bi NbZ¡ †ewk _vKvq †m Av‡M PvR©gy³ e¨vL¨v: Zwor we‡køl‡Y K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY ev B‡jKUªb MÖnY N‡U| K¨v‡_v‡W
n‡e-kZ©vbymv‡i, B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i avZz Avqb PvR© gy³ nq| K+ + e–  K
A¨v‡bv‡W wewµqv K¨v‡_v‡W wewµqv Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bv‡W RviY ev B‡jKUªb Z¨vM N‡U| A¨v‡bv‡W B‡jKUªb
1
Cl– – e–  1 Cl2 2H+ + 2e–  H2 Z¨vM K‡i PvR© gy³ nq| Cl– – e– 2 Cl2
2
08. KNO3 Gi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W †KvbwU e¯‘ Drcbœ
†mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq Zwor we‡køl‡Y `ªe‡Y NaOH Drcbœ n‡e|
nq? [JU. 2011-12]
2
Dc‡iv³ cÖ‡kœ, †mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq Zwor we‡køl‡Y †mvwWqvg avZzB Drcbœ nqbv| A. K B. H2 C. NO3 D. O2
mwVK DËi: B. H2
JU
e¨vL¨v: mwµqZvi µg Abyhvqx nvB‡Wªv‡Rb K Gi bx‡P _vKvq Zv K¨v‡_vW †_‡K
01. avZz mg~‡ni mwµqZvi µg Abyhvqx †KvbwU mwVK bq? [JU-D,A : 2018-19]
B‡j±ªb MÖnY K‡i H2 MVb Ki‡e|
A. Li > K B. Na > K C. Mg > Zn D. Cu > Ag 09. Zwor we‡kølY †Kv‡li A¨v‡bv‡W msNwUZ nIqv m¤¢e- [JU. 2011-2012]
mwVK DËi: B. Na > K 1
02. Li+ -Gi cÖgvY weRviY wefe E(V) n‡jv- A. Cl- - e-  Cl2 B. Na + e-  Na+
[JU-D,A : 2018-19] 2
A.3.05 B. 3.05 C. 2.93 D. 2.93 1
C. H3O+ + e-  H2 + H2O D. †KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi: A.3.05 2
1
e¨vL¨v:  Li+ Gi cÖgvY weRviY wefe -3.05 mwVK DËi: A. Cl- - e- 2 Cl2
 Li+ Gi cÖgvY RviY wefe +3.05 e¨vL¨v: Dc‡ii e¨vL¨v ûeû|
03. Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb M¨vmwU 10. wbw®Œq B‡jK‡Uªv‡W NaOH Gi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j
wegy³ nq? [JU-D3.2017-18] K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb e¯‘ Drcbœ nq? [JU. 2011-2012]
A. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb B. Aw·‡Rb C. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb D. †KvbwUB bq A. O2 B. OH C. Na D. H2
mwVK DËi: A. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mwVK DËi: D. H2
e¨vL¨v: Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W H2 M¨vm e¨vL¨v: Rjxq `ªe‡Y Avqbt NaOH  Na+ + OH- , H2O ⇌ H+ + OH–
Drcbœ nq| Z‡e K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e Hg eënvi Kiv n‡j Na avZz Drcbœ nq| K¨v‡_v‡W hv‡e A¨v‡bv‡W hv‡e
04. P, Q, R I S avZzmg~‡ni cÖgvY weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g : [iv. †ev. 2015] H+ OH–
Na+ OH–
-3.05V, -1.66V, 0.40V I 0.80V n‡j †KvbwU AwaKZi mej weRviK?
[JU-D5.2017-18, SUST. 2015-16] mwµqZv wmwi‡R †h wb‡P ‡m Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e|
A. P B. Q C. R D. S kZ©vbymv‡i,
mwVK DËi: A. P A¨v‡bv‡W wewµqv K¨v‡_v‡W wewµqv
e¨vL¨v: cÖgvY weRviY wef‡ei FYvZ¥K gvb hZ †ewk n‡e †m ‡g․jwU ZZ †ewk 4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e– 2H+ + 2e–  H2
kw³kvjx weRviK| 11. wbw®Œq B‡jK‡Uªv‡W H2SO4 Gi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j
05. GKm‡½ GKvwaK Avqb _vK‡j Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq wb‡Pi †Kvb AvqbwU K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb e¯‘ Drcbœ nq? [JU. 2011-2012]
2-
Av‡M PvR©gy³ n‡e? [JU. 2012-13] A. S B. SO 4 C. O 2 D. H 2
2+ 2+ + 3+ mwVK DËi: D. H2
A. Mg B. Ca C. Li D. Al
mwVK DËi: D. Al3+ e¨vL¨v: H2SO4  2H+ + SO42
e¨vL¨v: Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z hvi Ae¯vb wb‡P †m Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e| †m K¨v‡_v‡W weRviYt H+ + e–  H, H + H  H2
Abyhvqx A¨vjywgwbqvg Avqb Av‡M PvR©gy³ n‡e| RU
06. Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq GKm‡½ GKvwaK Avqb _vK‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb AvqbwU 01. wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb wewµqvwU mwVK bqÑ [RU. 2019-20]
Av‡M PvR©gy³ n‡e? [JU. 2012-2013] A. MnO2 + 4HCl  MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
B. 8NH3 + 3Cl2  6NH3Cl + N2
A. NO 3 B. SO4  C. Br D. Cl
2
C. 2NaOH + Cl2  2NaCl + H2 + O2
mwVK DËi: C. Br D. 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2  Ca(OH)2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
e¨vL¨v: Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z hvi Ae¯vb wb‡P †m Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e| Dci mwVK DËi: B. 8NH3 + 3Cl2  6NH3Cl + N2
e¨vL¨v: AavZz AavZz‡K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZvB (B) wewµqv msNwUZ nq bv|
†_‡K wb‡P A¨vbvqwbK mvwi-
02. wb‡¤œi avZz¸wji g‡a¨ †KvbwU Rjxq wmjfvi bvB‡UªU-G Wzev‡j Gi c„ôZ‡j
bv mv K ‡e AvBj nvB wmjfvi Rgv n‡e bv? [RU. 2019-20]
 2   - - A. Cu B. Fe C. Pt D. Zn
NO SO Cl Br I OH
3 4
mwVK DËi: C. Pt
e¨vL¨v: Zwor cÖ‡jc‡b AwaK mwµq avZzi Dci Kg mwµq avZzi cÖ‡jc †Ìqv e¨vL¨v: Rjxq `ªe‡Y Avqbt CuSO4Cu + SO4 , H2O ⇌ H +OH
ASPECT SERIES  2+ 2- +
nq| GLv‡b, cøvwUbv‡gi mwµqZv wmjfv‡ii †P‡q Kg ZvB Pt Gi Dci Ag K¨v‡_v‡W hv‡e A¨v‡bv‡W hv‡e
Rgv n‡e bv| H+ SO42-
03. wb‡Pi †Kvb avZzwU H2O I HCl †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb †K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Cu 2+
OH–
cv‡i bv? [RU-F3.2017-18]
mwµqZv wmwi‡R †h wb‡P ‡m Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e| kZ©vbymv‡i,
A. Cu B. Pb C. Sn D. Mg
mwVK DËi: A. Cu A¨v‡bv‡W wewµqv K¨v‡_v‡W wewµqv
– –
4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
-
Cu + 2e  Cu 2+
e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu Gi Ae¯vb H Gi wb‡P e‡j Cu Øviv H cÖwZ¯vwcZ
nq bv| JUST
+
04. †KvbwUi cÖgvY weRviY wefe me‡P‡q †ewk- [RU-H1.2017-18] 01. †KvbwU H2SO4 ‡_‡K H ‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? [JSTU. 2015-16]
A. Ca B. Mg C. Zn D. Pb A. Na B. Mg C. Al
mwVK DËi: D. Pb D. Cu E. Zn
e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R †h avZzi Ae¯vb hZ wb‡P †m avZzi weRviY wefe †ekx| mwVK DËi: D. Cu
05. †mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j Drcvw`Z nq- e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu, H Gi wb‡P|
[RU-H2.2017-18]
A. K¨v‡_v‡W †mvwWqvg, A¨v‡bv‡W †K¬vwib BSMRSTU
B. A¨v‡bv‡W Aw·‡Rb , K¨v‡_v‡W †mvwWqvg 01. cvwb †_‡K H2 †K me‡P‡q Av‡M cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
[BSMRSTU.Ka. 2016-17, JU-D. 2014-15]
C. A¨v‡bv‡W †K¬vwib, K¨v‡_v‡W nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
A. Mn B. Fe C. Ba D. Co
D. K¨v‡_v‡W nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, A¨v‡bv‡W Aw·‡Rb mwVK DËi: C. Ba
mwVK DËi: C. A¨v‡bv‡W †K¬vwib, K¨v‡_v‡W nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
e¨vL¨v: NaCl Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y A¨v‡bv‡W Cl2 M¨vm Ges K¨v‡_v‡W H2 M¨vm HSTU
Drcbœ nq| Z‡e K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e Hg eënvi Kiv n‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Na avZz 01. Zwor we‡kø lY Kv‡j †K Av‡M PvR© gy³ n‡e- [HSTU-A.2017-18; e. †ev.2016]
- -
Drcbœ nq| A. OH B. NO 3 C. Br- D. Cl-
-
mwVK DËi: A. OH
06. Rjxq `ªe‡Y KBr-Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y cÖvß Drcv` `yÕwU n‡e? [RU.2010-2011]
A. avZe cUvwkqvg Ges †eªvwgb B. Aw·‡Rb Ges †eªvwgb
e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R hvi Ae¯vb wb‡P †m Av‡M PvR© gy³ nq|
C. avZe cUvwkqvg Ges Aw·‡Rb D. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges †eªvwgb NO3  SO24  Cl   Br   I   OH
mwVK DËi: D. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges †eªvwgb PvR© gy³ nIqvi
e¨vL¨v: ms‡ÿ‡c g‡b ivL‡e, Rjxq `ªe‡Y cÖvß e¯‧ `ywU n‡”Q nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I ZvB OH- Avqb Av‡McÖePvR©
YZvgy³
e„w×nq|
†eªvwgb wKš‧ MwjZ `ªe‡Y cUvwkqvg I †eªvwgb cvIqv hv‡e|
PSTU
IU 01. †Kvb AvqbwU Zwor we‡køl‡Y `ªæZ PvR©gy³ n‡e?
01. Hg2+/ Hg(g), Pt I Sn2+/ Sn(s), Pt B‡jK‡UªvWØq Øviv ZworØvi MVb [PUST-B.2017-18, HSTU. 2017-18]
Ki‡j A¨v‡bvW wnmv‡e KvR K‡i- [IU-D. 2016-17] A. Na+ B. Fe2+ C. Zn2+ D. Ag+
A. Hg B. Pt C. Sn D. ‡KvbwUB bq mwVK DËi: D. Ag+
mwVK DËi: C. Sn e¨vL¨v: Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ PvR©
e¨vL¨v: Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z hvi Ae¯vb Dc‡i †m me mgq A¨v‡bvW| gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv e„w× cvq|
02. †KvbwU me‡P‡q Kg mwµq avZz? [IU. 2015-16, w`.‡ev. 2016]
A. Al B. Mg C. Ag D. Fe STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
mwVK DËi: C. Ag BUET
03. cøvwUbvg B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ jNy H2SO4 Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y-[IU.2014-15] 01. cUvwkqvg bvB‡Uª‡Ui GKwU Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡gœi †Kvb
A. K¨v‡_v‡W H2 •Zix nq B. K¨v‡_v‡W O2 •Zix nq M¨vm/ M¨vm mg~n Drcbœ n‡e? [BUET.2013-2014; JU. 2011-12]
C. K¨‡_v‡W Cl2 •Zix nq D. Av‡bv‡W H2 •Zix| A. H2/ NO2 B.O2/ NO2 C. NO2 D. H2/ O2
mwVK DËi: A. K¨v‡_v‡W H2 ‣Zix nq mwVK DËi: D. H2/ O2
e¨vL¨v: `ªe‡Y A¨vbvqb: NO3, OH, K¨vUvqb: K+, H+ G‡ì g‡a¨ A¨vbvq‡bi
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
†ÿ‡Î, NO3 mev©waK mwµq Ges OH– Kg mwµq ZvB OH– PvR©gy³ n‡q
SUST O2 Ges K+, H+ Gi g‡a¨ H+ Kg mwµq nIqvq Dnv PvR© gy³ n‡q H2
01. Kcvi mvj‡d‡Ui Rjxq `ªe‡Yi B‡j‡±ªvwe‡kølY m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU Drcbœ K‡i|
f~j? [SUST. 2008-2009] 02. Zwor cÖevwnZ nIqvi mgq K¨v‡_v‡W avZzi Rgv nIqvi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i
A. cøvwUbvg Øviv •Zwi A¨v‡bv‡W Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq [BUET:2007-2008]
B. Kcvi A¨v‡bvW eëüZ n‡j `ªe‡Yi eY© nvjKv nq A. K¨v‡_v‡Wi AvKvi B. Avav‡bi cwigvY I avZe Avq‡bi Dci
C. B‡jK‡Uªv we‡køl‡Yi d‡j K¨v‡_v‡W fi e„w× cvq C. K¨v‡_v‡Wi AvK…wZ D. avZzi cÖK…wZ
D. cøvwUbvg Øviv •Zwi K¨v‡_vW-G Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq E. Zwor we‡køl¨ `ªe‡Yi NbZ¡
mwVK DËi: D. cøvwUbvg Øviv •Zwi K¨v‡_vW-G Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq mwVK DËi: B. Avav‡bi cwigvY I avZe Avq‡bi Dci
KUET mwVK DËi: B
01. KwZcq cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe n‡jv- [KUET. 2018-19] e¨vL¨v: mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu Gi Ae¯vb H2 Gi wb‡P| ZvB Cu, H2 †K
K+|K = -2.93V; Ag+ |Ag = 0.80V; Hg2+|Hg = 0.79V; cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Mg2+|Mg = -2.37V; Cr3+|Cr= -0.74V
Dc‡i DcvËmg~‡n cÖ`Ë avZzmg~nK weRviY ÿgZvi D”Pµg Abymv‡i mvRvI| BUTex
A. K  K  Mg 2 Mg  Cr 3 Cr  Hg 2 Hg  Ag  Ag 01. wRsK mvj‡d‡Ui `ªe‡Y †KvbwU †hvM Ki‡j KwVb wRsK cvIqv hv‡e?
[BUTex-2016-17]
 2 3  2
B. Ag Ag  Hg Hg  Cr Cr  K K  Mg Mg A. Al(s) B. Cu(s) C. Fe(s) D. Sn(s)
mwVK DËi: A. Al(s)
C. Ag  Hg  Cr  Mg  K
e¨vL¨v: wRs‡Ki ‡P‡q Al †ewk mwµq|
D. K  Mg  C  Hg  Ag
ZnSO4 + Al  Al2(SO4)3 + Zn (Replacement reaction)
E. K  K  Ag  Ag  Mg 2 Mg  Hg 2 Hg  Cr 3 Cr
mwVK DËi: C. Ag  Hg  Cr  Mg  K
MAT
e¨vL¨v: †h avZzi weRviY wef‡ei gvb hZ †ewk †mB avZzi weRviY ÿgZv ZZ Kg|
01. eªvBb‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? [MAT. 2018-19]
weRviY wef‡ei gvb Abymv‡i Dc‡iv³ avZy¸‡jv‡K Gfv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq-
A. NaCl B. NaOH C. NaO D. NaHCO3
02. GKwU B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK †Kv‡l wbw®Œq ZworØv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †mvwWqvg
mwVK DËi: B. NaOH
†eªvgvBW Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor we‡kølY Kiv n‡j Drcbœ n‡e?
[KUET. 2015-16] DAT
A. Na Ges Br2 B. Na Ges O2 C. H2, Br2 Ges NaOH
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU me‡P‡q kw³kvjx? [DAT. 2017-18]
D. Na Ges H2 E. H2 Ges O2
A. Al B. Zn C. Fe D. Li
mwVK DËi: E. H2 Ges O2 mwVK DËi: D. Li
e¨vL¨v: NaBr Gi Rjxq `ªeY K_vwUi A_© n‡jv, NaBr I H2O
Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z hw` avZzwUi Ae¯vb nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Gi Dc‡i nq Z‡e Board Ques.
K¨v‡_v‡W H2 M¨vm Drcbœ nq| 01. mwµqZv wmwi‡R †KvbwUi Ae¯’vb Ic‡i? [P.‡ev. 2017]
A¨v‡bv‡Wi mwµqZvi µg †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, Br– Gi Av‡M OH– PvR© gy³ A. Pb B. Cu C. Ag D. Ca
n‡e| Avi RviY wewµqvi gva¨‡g O2 M¨vm ‣Zix Ki‡e| mwVK DËi: D. Ca
RUET 02. Zvgvi cÖgvY weRviY wefe KZ? [w`.‡ev. 2016]
01. wb‡gœi †Kvb wewµqvwU mwVK bq? [RUET. 2013-14] A. + 0.34 V B. + 0.80 V C. + 1.30 V D. + 1.36 V
A. 3SO2(g) + K2Cr2O7(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  K2SO4(aq) + mwVK DËi : A. + 0.34 V
Cr2(SO4)3 (aq) + H2O(l) 03. Zwor ivmvqwbK mwµqZv wmwi‡R wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [e.‡ev. 2015]
B. Cu(s) + 2H2SO4(l)  CuSO4(aq) +2H2O(l) + SO2(g) A. Al > Ni B. Zn > Mg C. Fe > Na D. Cu > Sn
C. Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2S(g)  2CHCOOH(aq) + PbS(s) + H2O(l) mwVK DËi: A. Al > Ni
D. Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq)2NaAlO2(aq) + H2O(l) E. None
 CONCEPT 04 ZworØvi (Electrode) I Aa©‡Kvl m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj

 Item- 01: cÖv_wgK Z_¨ :
 d¨viv‡W cÖ_g ZworØvi kãwU eënvi K‡ib|
 Zwor Øvi n‡”Q ‡Kvb mvwK©‡Ui AavZe As‡ki g‡a¨ ‡hvMv‡hvM ¯vcbKvix Zwor cwievnx c`v_©|
 K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi‡K cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j ZworØv‡i ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e RviY N‡U bv|
 abvZ¥K PvR©hy³ KYv‡K K¨vUvqb Ges FYvZ¥K PvR©hy³ KYv‡K A¨vbvqb e‡j|
 Avq‡bi IRb‡K MÖv‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j, †mB IRb‡K MÖvg-Avqb e‡j|
 Zwor-we‡køl‡Y K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Ges A¨v‡bv‡W RviY N‡U|
 RviY-weRviY wewµqv ïay ZworØv‡iB N‡U| Zwor cÖevn eÜ n‡j GB wewµqv eÜ nq|
 K¨v‡_v‡W hZ¸‡jv B‡jKUªb M„nxZ nq. wVK ZZ¸‡jv B‡jKUªb A¨v‡bv‡W ewR©Z nq|
 Zwor we‡køl‡Y Zwor we‡kø‡lï ga¨ w`‡q K¨v‡_vW †_‡K A¨v‡bv‡Wi w`‡K B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ nq|
 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Avq‡bi PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖwµqvI e„w× cvq|
 Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqv ZworØvi ev B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi cÖK…wZi DciI wbf©i K‡i|
 `ªeY Pvc I Awf¯ªeb Pv‡ci m¤úK©:
 P1 > P2 n‡j avZe Avqb `ªe‡Y ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡q ZworØv‡i FYvZ¥K Pv‡R©i m„wó K‡i A_©vr ZworØviwU A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 P2 > P1 n‡j `ªeY †_‡K abvZ¥K Avqb †ewi‡q wM‡q avZz wn‡m‡e ZworØv‡i Rgv nq Ges ZworØv‡i abvZ¥K Pv‡R©i m„wó nq d‡j ZworØviwU K¨v‡_vW
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 P1 = P2 n‡j avZzi cvZ, `ªe‡Yi ms¯ú‡k© AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡l †Kvb cÖKvi ZworØvi wefe m„wó n‡e bv|
 Item-02: ZworØv‡ii cÖKvi‡f`: Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ we‡ePbv K‡i ZworØvi wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 5wU ZworØvi nj-
ZworØvi ZworØv‡ii mvs‡KwZK iƒc ZworØvi wewµqv
1. avZz-avZe Avqb ZworØvi (Metal–Metal ion-eletrode) Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) : Cu(s)/Cu2+(aq) Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq) + 2e– (RviY)
2. A¨vgvjMvg ZworØvi (Amalgum eletrode) Na.Hg/Na+(aq) Na.Hg  Na+(aq)+e– + Hg(l)
1
3. M¨vm ZworØvi (Gas eletrode) Pt/H2(1 atm)/H+(aq)1M H H(aq) +e–
2 2(g)
4. avZz- I Zvi A`ªeYxq je‡Yi ZworØvi (Metalinsoluble Salt eletrode) Ag(s), AgCl(s)/CI–(aq) AgCl(s) + e–  Ag(s)+Cl–(aq)
5. RviY-weRviY Zwor Øvi (Oxidation-Reduction eletrode)  Sn (aq), Sn (aq)/Pt
4+ 2+
 Sn4+ + 2e– ⇌ Sn2+(aq)
 Pt, Fe /Fe
2+ 3+
 Fe2+ ⇌ Fe3+ + e
 Aa©‡Kv‡li cÖKvi‡f`: avZzi A¨vgvjMvg I A`ªeYxq je‡Yi M¨vmxq RviY N‡U‡Q-

avZzi A¨vgvjMvg A`ªeYxq je‡Yi M¨vmxq RviY
    
avZz-avZe Avqb avZzi A¨vgvjMvg-avZe Avqb avZz-A`ªeYxq jeY M¨vmxq RviY-weRviY
Aa©‡Kvl Aa©‡Kvl| Aa©‡Kvl Aa©‡Kvl Aa©‡Kvl
 wb‡`©kK Zwor Øvi `yB cÖKvi:
cÖvBgvix (gyL¨) wb‡`©kK ZworØvi ‡m‡KÛvix (†MŠY) wb‡`©kK ZworØvi
D`vniY: cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi D`vniY: cÖgvY K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi, Ag-AgCl, KzBbnvB‡Wªvb Ges Møvm ZworØvi|
 cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ 25°C ZvcgvÎvq K‡qKwU K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi cÖgvY RviY wefe-
 HgHg2Cl2(s)KCl (0.1M); E°ox = –0.334 Volt
 HgHg2Cl2(s)KCl(1M); E°ox = –0.28 Volt
 HgHg2Cl2(s)KCl (m¤ú„³ `ªeY); E°ox = –0.242 Volt
 cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi MVb:
welqe¯‘ Av‡jvPbv
ZworØv‡ii  2
cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡Î (1–3)cm †ÿÎdj wewkó cøvwUbvg ¸ovi Av¯ÍiY hy³ cøvwUbvg cvZ‡K †bqv nq| Giƒc cøvwUbvg avZz Øviv H2 M¨vm
MVb mn‡R Awa‡kvwlZ nq|
 GKK mwµqZv wewkó nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avq‡bi `ªeY A_©vr 1M HCl `ªeY eëüZ nq|
 `ªe‡Yi ZvcgvÎv 298 K (25°C) ivLv nq|
 weï× nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm‡K 1 atm Pv‡c eyèy` AvKv‡i Pvjbv Kiv nq, hv‡Z cøvwUbvg cv‡Zi A‡a©K `ªe‡Y Wy‡e hvq Ges Aewkó
Aa©vsk M¨vm GjvKvq _v‡K| wewµqv, 1 H2(g) ⇌ H+ + e
2
ZworØv‡ii  Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwiR •Zwi|  Zwor Øv‡ii wefe MYbv|
cÖ‡qvM  Zwor‡Kvl wewµqvi ¯^Z:ù~ZZ
© v wbY©q|  †Kvb A¤øxq `ªe‡Yi pH wbY©q|  avZzi ÿq †iva|
‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jvt cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii wef‡ei gvb k~b¨ n‡jI G ZworØv‡ii B‡jKUªb Z¨vM ev MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv †bB Zv wKš‧ bq| G‡ÿ‡Î
nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi B‡jKUªb `vb Kivi cÖeYZv I H+ Avq‡bi B‡jKUªb MÖnY Kivi cÖeYZv Dfq eZ©gvb _v‡K| ïaygvÎ MYbvi myweav‡_© cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi
wef‡ei gvb‡K k~b¨ a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
 A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW ZworØvit †h ZworØvi e¨vUvixi FYvZ¥K cÖv‡šÍi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K Ges Zv w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡K K¨v‡_vW ev FYvZ¥K ZworØvi
e‡j| Avevi †h ZworØvi e¨vUvixi abvZ¥K cÖv‡šÍi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K Ges Zv w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªeY †Q‡o P‡j hvq Zv‡K A¨v‡bvW ev abvZ¥K ZworØvi e‡j|
 Zwor we‡kølY PjvKv‡j ZworØv‡i gy³ `ªexf~Z c`v‡_©i cwigvY fi wZbwU wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxjt
 cÖevwnZ we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY  we`y¨r cÖev‡ni mgqKvj  hy³ nIqv Avqbmg~‡ni PvR© ev Avavb
 Item- 03: ZworØvi wefe (emf) : ‡Kv‡li Zwor”PvjK ej ev emf = (A¨v‡bv‡Wi RviY wefe) + (K¨v‡_v‡Wi weRviY wefe)
wewµqv ¯^Zù~ZZ
© vi wPýt Ecell >0 ev emf = (+ve) wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù~Z© ev m¤¢e ev wewµqv NU‡e|
Ecell < 0 ev emf = (–ve) wewµqvwU A¯^Ztù~Z© ev Am¤¢e ev wewµqv NU‡e bv|
Ecell = 0 ev emf = 0 n‡j mvg¨ve¯v AR©b Ki‡e A_©vr The cell is dead or Inactive|
 †Kvb avZzi ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb wbf©i K‡i-  avZzi cÖK…wZi Dci  `ªe‡Y avZe Avq‡bi NbgvÎvi Dci  `ªe‡Yi ZvcgvÎvi Dci|
 ‡R‡b ivLv fvjt ‡Kvb †g․‡ji cÖgvY ZworØv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ K‡i Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl MVb Ki‡j hw`, (1) ZworØviwU‡Z RviY wewµqv msMwVZ nq, Z‡e H
†g․‡ji cÖgvY ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb n‡e FYvZ¥K| (2) ZworØviwU‡Z weRviY wewµqv msMwVZ nq Z‡e H †g․‡ji cÖgvY ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb n‡e abvZ¥K|
 Item- 04: jeY †mZz (Salt Bridge):
welqe¯‘ Av‡jvPbv
 jeY‡mZz eënvi Ki‡j `ywU Aa©‡Kv‡li g‡a¨ c‡ivÿ ms‡hvM ¯vc‡bi Rb¨ `ywU Lvov jvBb ( || )eënvi Kiv nq|
Zn/ZnSO4 CuSO4/Cu
jeY †mZz  jeY †mZzi g‡a¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e KCl/ KNO3/ NH4NO3 I Na2SO4 ev A¨vMvi †Rj eënvi Kiv nq| cÖwZwU †m‡j `ywU
Aa©‡Kvl _v‡K|
 A¨v‡bvW Aa©‡Kvlt †h Aa©‡Kv‡l RviY N‡U  K¨v‡_vW Aa©‡Kvlt †h Aa©‡Kv‡l weRviY N‡U|  Dëv‡bv U AvK…wZi KuvPbj _v‡K|
jeY †mZzi  c~Y© †fwbm- c~Y© †f wb m
f~wgKv ev    
KvR eZ©bx c~Y© K‡i fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i wbi‡cÿZv eRvq iv‡L ms‡hvM ¯vcb K‡i
 Item- 05: bvb©÷ mgxKiYt ‡Kv‡bv Zwor ivmvqwbK ‡Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej, †Kv‡l msNwUZ wewµqvq gy³ kw³ cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³|
ZvcMwZwe`¨vq ‡Kv‡bv wewµqvi gy³ kw³ wb¤œwjwLZ fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq| ∆G = ∆G° + RT ln K|
∆G = gy³ kw³ = – nFE Ges ∆G° = cÖgvY gy³ kw³ = – nFE°| GLv‡b n = Zzj¨Zvi msL¨v, F = GK d¨viv‡W = 96500C|
E = ‡Kv‡li ev ZworØv‡ii Zwo”PvjK ej Ges E° = ‡Kv‡li ev ZworØv‡ii cÖgvY Zwo”PvjK ej|
RT
∆G = ∆G° + RT ln K  –nF ; E° + RT ln K  E‡Kvl = E°‡Kvl – logK G mgxKiYwU‡K bvb©÷ mgxKiY ejv nq|
nF
 Item- 06: wewµqvi ¯^Ztd~Z©Zvi mv‡_ wMe&&m-Gi gy³ kw³ n«v‡mi m¤úK©:
msÁv †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡g w¯i Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq msNwUZ †Kv‡bv cÖwµqvq †h Zvc MZxq A‡cÿ‡Ki gvb n«v‡mi Øviv wm‡÷gwU Kx cwigvY
eënvi‡hvM¨ KvR ev wbU KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv hvq, †mB Zvc MZxq A‡cÿKwU‡K wMe&‡& mi gy³-kw³ e‡j|
wMe&&m mgxKiY G = H  TS
cÖgvY Ae¯’vq G0 =  nF E0cell
(i) G0 = FYvZ¥K ( ve) n‡j, ZLb †Kvl wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z© n‡e|
(ii) G0 = abvZ¥K (+ ve) n‡j, ZLb †Kvl wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z© n‡e bv|
(iii) G0 = 0 n‡j, ZLb †KvlwUi wewµqv mvg¨ve¯vq Av‡Q Ges †KvlwU g„Z|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : jeY †mZz Kx I jeY¸‡jvi bvg †jL? [RUET. 2008-09]

DËi : jeY †mZz- Zwor †Kv‡li `ywU Zwor we‡køl¨ `ªeY‡K KCl ev KNO3 Gi m¤ú„³ `ªeYc~Y© GKwU euvKv‡bv bj Øviv c‡ivÿ ms‡hvM Kiv nq| G hš¿m¾‡K
jeY †mZz e‡j| jeY¸‡jvi bvg- KCl ev KNO3, NH4NO3, Na2SO4
cÖkœ-02 : wb¤œwjwLZ M¨vm Aa©‡Kvl I avZz-avZe jeY-ZworØvi¸wj ms‡K‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki Ges Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv wjL| [CUET., KUET. 2004-05]
(a) nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi Aa©‡Kvl
DËi : H+ / H2, pt 2H+ (aq) + 2e– ⇌ H2(g)
(b) †K¬vwib M¨v‡mi Aa©‡Kvl
DËi : Cl– / Cl2, Pt Cl2 + 2e– ⇌ 2Cl–
(c) K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi
DËi : Hg(l), Hg2Cl2(s) / Cl–(aq) 2Hg(l) + 2Cl–(aq) ⇌ Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e–
cÖkœ-03: wb‡¤œi Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvlg~‡ni Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv I mvgwMÖK †Kvl wewµqv †`LvI : [BUET. 2014-15]
(a) Zn(s) | Zn++ (aq) | Cl– (aq) | Hg2Cl2(s) | Hg (b) Pb | PbSO4(s), H2SO4(aq) | PbO2, Pb
DËi : (a) Zn(s) | Zn++ (aq) | Cl– (aq) | Hg2Cl2(s) | Hg
RviY Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv : Zn(s)  Zn++ (aq) + 2e– [RviY]
weRviY Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv : Zn(s) + 2Hg+ (aq)  Zn2+ (aq) + 2Hg
(b) Pb | PbSO4, H2SO4(aq) | PbO2, Pb
RviY Aa©‡Kvl : Pb(s) + H2SO4(aq)  PbSO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e–
weRviY Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv : PbO2 + 2H+ + 2e– + H2SO4(aq)  PbSO4 + 2H2O
mvgwMÖK wewµqv : Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O
cÖkœ-04: NbgvÎv †Kvl Kx? [RUET. 2009-10]
DËi : GKB Zwor we‡kø‡lï `ywU wfbœ NbgvÎvi `ªeY eënvi K‡i †h †Kvl cÖ¯‧Z Kiv nq Zv‡KB NbgvÎv †Kvl e‡j|
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT
SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 03. †KvbwU jeY †mZz‡Z Zwor we‡kølïƒ‡c eëüZ nq? [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20]
A. KCl, KNO3, NH4Cl B. KCl, K2SO4, Na2SO4
DU C. KCl, NH 4 Cl, Na 2 CO 3 D. KCl, NH4Cl, NaNO3
01. Fe(s) | Fe2+ (aq) || Br2 ( l ) ; Br– (aq)| Pt(s) Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li mwVK DËi: A. KCl, KNO3, NH4Cl
mwVK †KvlÑwewµqv †KvbwU? [DU. 2019-20] 04. †Kvb ZworØvi RviY cÖwµqv †evSvq? [JU-A1.2017-18]
A. Fe + Br2  Fe2++2Br– B. Fe +2Br–  Fe2++2Br2 A. Zn2+/Zn B. Zn/Zn2+ C. Cu2+/Cu D. H+/H2Pt
C. Fe2+ + Br2  Fe +2Br– D. Fe + Br2  Fe3++2Br– mwVK DËi: B. Zn/Zn2+
–
mwVK DËi: A. Fe + Br2  Fe +2Br2+
e¨vL¨v: RviY cÖwµqvq RviY gvb e„w× cvq|
e¨vL¨v: Anode : Fe  2e  Fe2+ 05. †Kvb ZworØvi weRviY cÖwµqv †evSvq? [JU-A2.2017-18, iv.‡ev. 2015]
Cathode : Br2 + 2e  2Br (†hvM K‡i) A. Fe/Fe 2+ 2+
B. Cu /Cu C. Zn/Zn2+ D. H2Pt/H+

Cell reaction: Fe + Br2  Fe + 2Br 2+
mwVK DËi: B. Cu /Cu 2+
02. B‡j‡±ªv‡KwgK¨vj †mj †bv‡Uk‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [DU. 17-18] e¨vL¨v: weRviY cÖwµqvq RviY gvb n«vm cvq|
A. Zn2+(aq)Zn(s)Cu(s)Cu2+(aq) 06. Zn/Zn2+(E=+0.76V) Gi mv‡_ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K K¨v‡_vW iæ‡c eënvi
B. Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)Cu2+(aq)Cu (s) Kiv hv‡e? [JU-A3.2017-18]
C. Zn2+(aq)Zn(s)Cu2+(aq)Cu(s) 2+ 2+
A. Co/Co (E=+0.28V) B.Mg/Mg (E=+2.36V)
D. Zn2+(aq)Zn(s)Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)
C. Ca/Ca2+(E=+2.87V) D. Al3+/Al(E=-1.66V)
mwVK DËi: B. Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)Cu2+(aq)Cu (s) 2+
mwVK DËi: A. Co/Co (E=+0.28V)
e¨vL¨v: B‡jK‡Uªv‡KwgK¨vj †mj Dc¯vc‡bi wbqvgvejx: e¨vL¨v: hvi RviY wefe hZ Kg †mwU K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e ZZ †ewk eëüZ nq|
i. evg cv‡k A¨v‡bvW Ges Wvb cv‡k K¨v‡_vW |
07. A¨v‡bvW w`‡q B‡jKUªb - [JU. 2010-2011]
ii. A¨v‡bv‡Wi †ÿ‡Î: avZz/avZzi Avqb|
A. `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i B. `ªeY †Q‡o hvq
iii. K¨v‡_v‡Wi †ÿ‡Î: avZzi Avqb/avZz|
C. `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges `ªeY †Q‡o hvq D.‡KvbwUB bq|
03. M¨vm B‡jK‡Uªv‡W wb‡Pi †Kvb avZzhyMj eëüZ nq? [DU.- 2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. `ªeY †Q‡o hvq
A. Fe, Au B. Cu, Pt C. Pt, Au D. Ag, Au
08. A¨v‡bv‡W A¨vbvqb B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i ––– wewµqvq AskMÖnY K‡i|
mwVK DËi: C. Pt, Au
[JU. 2009-10, h.‡ev. 2015]
e¨vL¨v: RviY-weRviY ZworØvi ev M¨vm ZworØv‡i wewfbœ wbw®…q avZz †hgb- Pt, A. weRviY B. RviY C. RviY-weRviY D. AcmviY
Au BZ¨vw` eëüZ nq| mwVK DËi: B. RviY
04. Zwor-ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li më-weª‡R †Kvb je‡Yi m¤ú„³ Rjxq `ªeYwU DrK…ó? e¨vL¨v: †h †Kvb †Kv‡l Anode G RviY Ges Cathode G weRviY N‡U|
[DU-Ka. 2015-16, SUST. 2010-11; wm.†ev. 2017; Kz. †ev. 2015]
A. KNO3 B. KI C. KBr D. KCl RU
mwVK DËi: D. KCl 01. †KvbwU RviY-weRviY B‡jK‡UªvW? [RU-C3.2017-18]
e¨vL¨v: (i) më eªx‡Ri jeY¸‡jvi Dchy³Zv je‡Yi K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvq‡bi A. Cu2+Cu B. Zn2+Zn
e¨vmv‡a©i Abycv‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i †hLv‡b KCl Gi K¨vUvqb (K+) Ges C. H+(aq)H2(g).Pt D. Sn4+, Sn2+Pt
A¨vbvqb (Cl–) Gi AvqwbK e¨vmva© cÖvq KvQvKvwQ| wKš‧ K+ I NO3– , mwVK DËi: D. Sn , Sn Pt
4+ 2+
K+I I– Ges K+I Br– G e¨vmva© AbycvZ wfbœ| e¨vL¨v: Cu2+/ Cu, Zn2+/Zn nj avZz I avZzi Avqb B‡jK‡UªvW H+(a)/H2(g),
(ii) je‡Yi Avqb¸‡jvi {i.e K¨vUvqb (K+); A¨vbvqb (Cl–)} ionic Pt nj M¨vm B‡jK‡UªvW Ges Sn4+/Sn2+, Pt nj RviY-weRviY B‡jK‡UªvW|
mobility GKB iKg nIqv DwPZ| KCl G K+ I Cl– Gi ionic mobility 02. Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqvq K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb ai‡bi wewµqv N‡U? [RU.2007-2008]
cÖvq GKB wKš‧ KNO3, KI I KBr G GKUz wfbœ Av‡Q| A. RviY B. weRviY C. RviY-weRviY D. cÖwZ¯vcb
(iii) Avevi liquid junction potential Gi †ÿ‡ÎI Dchy³ salt bridge mwVK DËi: B. weRviY
electrolyte n‡jv KCl e¨vL¨v: A¨v‡bv‡W RviY I K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY N‡U
ms‡ÿ‡c G mKj Kvi‡Y më eªx‡R KCl eënvi Kiv †ekx Dchy³|
m~Ît Internet, BOOK A hand Book of Electro chemistry By CU
D.L Richard (Old Edition) 01. †KvbwU jeY †mZzi KvR bq? [CU-G. 2016-17]
JU A. `yÕwU Aa©‡Kv‡li ms‡hvM iÿv Kiv
01. †jvnvi gwiPvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? [JU-D: 2019-20] B. `yÕwU Aa©‡Kv‡li Zwor eZ©bx c~Y© Kiv
A. A¨v‡bvwWK RviY cÖwµqvq m„ó B. ms‡KZ Fe2O3.H2O C. `yÕwU Aa©‡Kv‡li Pv‡R©i wbi‡cÿZv eRvq ivLv
C. DfqB D. †KvbwUB bq D. `yÕwU Aa©‡Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW I A¨v‡bvW-Gi ms‡hvM iÿv Kiv
mwVK DËi: A. A¨v‡bvwWK RviY cÖwµqvq m„ó mwVK DËi: D. `yÕwU Aa©‡Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW I A¨v‡bvW-Gi ms‡hvM iÿv Kiv
e¨vL¨v: †jvnvi gwiPv GK cÖKvi A¨v‡bvwWK RviY cÖwµqv| gwiPvi ms‡KZ e¨vL¨v: jeY †mZz `ywU Aa© †Kv‡li ms‡hvM iÿv K‡i Zwor eZ©bx c~Y© K‡i Ges
Fe2O3.3H2O ev Fe2O3.xH2O PvR© wbi‡cÿZv eRvq ivL‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Avavb mieivn K‡i|
02. jeY †mZz‡Z wb‡Pi †Kvb jeY eënvi Kiv nq? [JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20] 02. Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqvq B‡jKUªb ewR©Z nq †Kvb ZworØv‡i?[CU. 2012-2013]
A. CaCl2 B. CuCl2 C. KCl D. Al2(SO4)3 A. A¨v‡bv‡W B. K¨v‡_v‡W C. Dfq ZworØv‡i D. B‡jKUªb ewR©Z nq bv
mwVK DËi: C. KCl mwVK DËi: A. A¨v‡bv‡W
03. †Kvb&wU ÔK¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡UªvWÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ? PUST
[CU. 2009-10,2006-07, RU. 2009-10; RU. 2012-13]
01. †Kvb wewµqvwU ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e N‡U? [PUST. 2019-20]
A.Pt,H2(g) / H+ (aq) B. Zn / ZnSO4 (aq)
C. Ag / AgCl (s), 0.1 M HCl D. Hg / Hg2Cl2 (s), 1 M KCl A. Cl2(g) + 2NaF (Rjxq)  F2(g) + 2NaCl (Rjxq)
E. Pt,Fe2+ / Fe3+ (aq) B. I2(g) + 2NaF (Rjxq)  F2(g) + 2NaI (Rjxq)
mwVK DËi: D. Hg / Hg2Cl2 (s), 1 M KCl C. Cl2(g) + 2NaBr (Rjxq)  Br2(l) + 2NCl (Rjxq)
e¨vL¨v: ÔK¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡UªvWÕmg~nt
D. I2(g) + 2NaBr (Rjxq)  Br2(l) + 2NaI (Rjxq)

Hg  Hg2Cl2  0.1MKCl; E OX = 0.334V. mwVK DËi: C. Cl2(g) + 2NaBr (Rjxq)  Br2(l) + 2NCl (Rjxq)

Hg  Hg2Cl2  0.1MKCl; E OX = 0.280V. e¨vL¨v: n¨v‡jv‡R‡bi mwµqZv µg : F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 ZvB, AwaK mwµq

Hg  Hg2Cl2  0.1 m¤ú„³ KCl; E OX = 0.280V. Cl2 AYy NaBr †_‡K Kg mwµq Br2 †K cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡e|
KU MBSTU
01. Ecell Gi abvZ¥K gv‡bi Rb¨ wewµqvwU n‡e- [KU. 2012-2013] 01. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡i †KvbwU eëüZ nq?
A. DfgyLx B. we`y¨r cÖevn NU‡e bv C. ¯^Ztù‚Z© D. GKvwfgyLx [MBSTU-B. 2019-20; MAT- 2017-18; KU.2019-20; P.‡ev. 2017]
mwVK DËi: C. ¯^Ztù‚Z© A. HgCl2 B. Hg2Cl2 C. MnO2 D. NH4Cl
IU mwVK DËi: B. Hg Cl
2 2
01. RviY-weRviY Aa©‡Kvl- [IU-F,Set-B:2018-19, DU. 2005-06] BSMRSTU
A. Pt, Cl2/Cl– B. Ag, AgCl(s)/Cl C. Na. Hg/Na+ D. Pt, Fe2+/ Fe3+ 01. †Kvb Zwor Øv‡i RviY wewµqv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q? [BSMRSTU-A. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. Pt, Fe2+/ Fe3+ 2+
A. Zn/Zn , Zn B. Hg2Cl2/Cl, Hg
e¨vL¨v: RviY weRviY Aa©‡Kvl t †Kvb avZzi `ywU wfbœ RviY Ae¯vq Avq‡bi 
C. Cl /AgCl2, Ag D. Fe3+, Fe2+/Pt
`ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ GKwU wbw¯…q avZzi (Pt) cvZ ev Zvi Wzwe‡q RviY weRviY mwVK DËi: A. Zn/Zn , Zn 2+
Aa©‡Kvl MVb Kiv nq| †hgb: Pt,Fe2+ / Fe3+ e¨vL¨v: RviY gv‡b B‡jKUª‡bi Qvob: Zn  2e  Zn2+ (Zn/Zn2+, Zn)
02. †Kvb ZworØv‡i RviY NU‡j ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb- [IU-A.2017-18] 02. †Kvl wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e NUv‡Z n‡j †Kv‡li e.m.f Gi gvb Kx n‡Z
A. k~b¨ B. abvZ¥K C. FbvZ¥K D. AcwiewZ©Z n‡e? [BSMRSTU-H. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: C. FbvZ¥K A. abvZ¥K B. FYvZ¥K
e¨vL¨v: C. †h‡KvbwU n‡Z cv‡i D. k~b¨
 `ªeY Pvc > Awf¯ªeY Pvc  A¨v‡bvW (FYvZ¥K PvR© ) mwVK DËi: A. abvZ¥K
 `ªeY Pvc < Awf¯ªeY Pvc  K¨v‡_vW (abvZ¥K PvR© ) 03. GKwU cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii Zworwefe nj-
 `ªeY Pvc = Awf¯ªeY Pvc  ZworØvi wefe m„wó n‡e bv [BSMRSTU-A. 2019-20; N.U:2013-2014; Awfbœ †ev. 2018]
Kv‡RB, A¨v‡bv‡Wi ZworØvi wefe FYvZ¥K n‡e| A. 1.0 V B. 2.0 V C. 0.0 V D. –1.0 V
03. †h ZworØvi w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªeY †Q‡o P‡j hvq Zv‡K e‡j- [IU.11-12] mwVK DËi: C. 0.0 V
A. K¨v‡_vW B. K¨vUvqb C. A¨vbvqb D. A¨v‡bvW HSTU
mwVK DËi: D. A¨v‡bvW 01. †KvbwU cÖvBgvix wb‡`©kK ZworØvi? [HSTU-B.2017-18]
04. †Kvb Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li c‡Ubwkqvj E = 1.1V n‡j- [IU. 11-12] A. K¨v‡jv‡gj B. M¨vm ZworØvi C. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb D. RviY-weRviY
A. †Kvl wewµqvwU ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e NU‡e mwVK DËi: C. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
B. †Kvl wewµqvwU ïiæi wKQyÿY ci eÜ n‡q hv‡e e¨vL¨v: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi n‡jv cÖvBgvix wb‡`©kK Zwor Øvi| KviY cÖgvY
C. †Kvl wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e NU‡e bv
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi Øviv Ab¨vb¨ ZworØv‡ii cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe wbY©q
D. ivmvqwbK kw³ we`y¨r kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡e
Kiv nq| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi‡K wb¤œiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv nq|
mwVK DËi: C. †Kvl wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e NU‡e bv
Pt, H2(g) (1atm)/H+ (aq) (1MHCl), E°= 0.0V
e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡nZz E° Gi gvb FYvZ¥K ZvB ¯^ZtùyZ©fv‡e wewµqvwU NU‡ebv|
BRU STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
01. K¨v‡_vW Mg/Mg2+(E= +2.36) Gi mv‡_ †KvbwU‡K A¨v‡bvWiƒ‡c eënvi BUTex
Kiv hvq? [BRU:2013-14] 01. bx‡Pi †KvbwU Zwor †Kv‡li jeY †mZz‡Z eëüZ nq-
A. Zn/Zn2+(E = +0.76) B. Ca/Ca2+(E = +2.87) [BUET:11-12; KU.17-18]
3+
C. Al /Al(E = 1.66) D. Co/Co2+(E = +0.28) A. NH4NO3 B. KCl C. KNO3 D. me¸‡jv
2+
mwVK DËi: B. Ca/Ca (E = +2.87) mwVK DËi: D. me¸‡jv
e¨vL¨v: Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z †h Dc‡i †m A¨v‡bvW A_ev hvi RviY gvb eo e¨vL¨v: jeY †mZz‡Z KCl, KNO3, NH4NO3 Ges Na2SO4 Gi m¤ú„³ `ªeY
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION eëüZ nq|
SUST STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
01. ivmvqwbK Zwor †Kv‡li DwjøwLZ †KvbwU‡Z RviY N‡U? [SUST. 2010--2011] MAT
A. K¨v‡_vW B. A¨v‡bvW C. ms‡hvM Zvi D. jeY †mZz 01. MVb‡f‡` Aa©‡Kvl‡K KZfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? [MAT. 04-05, DAT. 03-04]
mwVK DËi: B. A¨v‡bvW A. cuvP cÖKvi B. Qq cÖKvi C. wZb cÖKvi D. Pvi cÖKvi
e¨vL¨v: ivmvqwbK Zwor‡Kv‡l A¨v‡bvW-G RviY Ges K¨v‡_vW-G weRviY N‡U| mwVK DËi: A. cuvP cÖKvi
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT
SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 
Board Ques. 05. †KvbwU gyL¨ Awb‡`©wkK ZworØvi? [Xv.‡ev. 2015]
01. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡i †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [K¨v‡jv‡gj-Gi ms‡KZ Kx?] A. cÖgvY H2 ZworØvi B. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi
[Kz.‡ev., P.‡ev. 2017; MAT. 2017-18; BMRSTU. 2019-20] C. Møvm ZworØvi D. K¨vWwgqvg ZworØvi
A. HgCl2 B. Hg2Cl2 C. MnO2 D. NH4Cl mwVK DËi: D. K¨vWwgqvg ZworØvi
mwVK DËi: B. Hg2Cl2 06. gyL¨ wb‡`©kK ZworØvi wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU? [iv.‡ev. 2015]
02. jeY †mZz‡Z Dchy³ Zwor we‡køl wn‡m‡e †Kvb¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq? A. cÖgvY H2 ZworØvi B. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi
[Xv.‡ev. 2017]
A. KCl, KNO3, NH4Cl B. KCl, K2SO4, Na2SO4 C. Møvm ZworØvi D. K¨vWwgqvg ZworØvi
C. KCl, NH4Cl, Na2CO3 D. KCl, NH4Cl, NaNO3 mwVK DËi: A. cÖgvY H2 ZworØvi
mwVK DËi: A. KCl, KNO3, NH4Cl 07. jeY †mZz‡Z wb‡Pi †Kvb jeY eënvi Kiv nq? [wm.‡ev. 2017, Kz.‡ev. 2015]
03. †KvbwU cÖvBgvwi wb‡`©kK ZworØvi? [Xv.‡ev. 2016] A. CaCl2 B. CuCl2
A. K¨v‡jv‡gj B. M¨vm ZworØvi C. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb D. RviY-weRviY C. KCl D. Al2(SO4)3
mwVK DËi: C. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mwVK DËi: C. KCl
04. †KvbwU RviY-weRviY Aa©‡Kvl? [Xv.‡ev. 2016] 08. jeY †mZz‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwUi `ªeY eënvi Kiv hvq? [w`.‡ev. 2015]
A. Pt, Cl2/Cl B. Ag, AgCl(s)/Cl A. KNO3 B. KNO2
C. Na, Hg/Na+ D. Pt/Fe2+, Fe3+ C. KMnO4 D. K2Cr2O7
2+
mwVK DËi: D. Pt/Fe , Fe 3+
mwVK DËi: A. KNO3
 CONCEPT 05 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl

 Item-01: Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl (Electrochemical Cell) Gi cÖv_wgK Z_¨tÑ
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li Aci bvg M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl ev W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl ev †fvëvi †Kvl|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡l ivmvqwbK kw³ ‣e`y¨wZK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
 1780 mv‡j M¨vjfvbx G iƒcvšÍi me©cÖ_g jÿ¨ K‡ib e‡j G‡K M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl e‡j|
 1796 mv‡j Av‡jmv‡›`ªv †fvëv GwU jÿ¨ K‡ib e‡j G‡K †fvëvi †KvlI ejv nq|
 M¨vjfvwbK †m‡ji GKUv cÖK…Z D`vniY n‡”Q W¨vwb‡qj †mj|
 KvR- ivmvqwbK kw³‡K Zwor kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv-
M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl ivmvqwbK kw³‡K Zwor kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i Zwor †Kvl Zwor kw³‡K ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i
M¨v iv Z Z Z iv
M¨vivZ   
ZZiv   
M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl ivmvqwbK kw³ Zwor kw³ Zwor †Kvl Zwor kw³ ivmvqwbK kw³
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl MVbMZ w`K w`‡q 2 cÖKvi| h_v :
 GK cÖ‡Kvô wewkó ‡Kvl ev Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl ev Electrolytic Cell| D`vniYt ï®‥‡Kvl ev WªvB‡mj ev e¨vUvix|
 `yB cÖ‡Kvô wewkó †Kvl ev M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl| D`vniYt †Wwb‡qj †mj|
 Zwor we‡køl¨ ‡Kv‡l ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b msNU‡bi cÖwµqv‡K Zwor we‡kølY e‡j|
Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl
cÖvBgvwi †mj ev cÖv_wgK †Kvl (Primary Cell) †M․Y †Kvl ev mÂqx †Kvl (Secondary Cell) ev Accumulator Cell
D`v: M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl Ges WªvB‡mj ev ï®‥ †Kvl| D`v: †jW-GwmW e¨vUvwi ev †jW mÂqx †Kvl, wb‡Kj A·vBW mÂqx †Kvl|
GK Zij †Kvl (Single Fluid Cell) `yB Zij †Kvl (Double Fluid Cell)
D`v: †jKj¨vÝ †mj ev ï®‥ †Kvl †hLv‡b we`y¨r D‡ËRK wn‡m‡e D`v: W¨vwb‡qj †mj †hLv‡b `ywU Zij n‡jv
A¨v‡gvwbqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi †c÷ Ges Q`b wbeviK wnmv‡e MnO2 _v‡K| wRsK mvj‡dU `ªeY I Kcvi mvj‡dU `ªeY|
 Item- 02: M¨vjfvwbK ev †Wwb‡qj ‡Kv‡li we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li GKwU cÖK…ó D`vniY n‡”Q-‡Wwb‡qj †Kvl  g‡b ivL‡e- W¨vwb‡qj †m‡j,
 `ywU B‡jK‡UªvW eëüZ nq h_v- Cu I Zn `Ð| C for Cu
 avZe Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q wRsK †_‡K Kcvi `‡Ði w`‡K B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ nq|  
 W¨vwb‡qj †Kv‡l Cu `Ð cwRwUf (K¨v‡_vW) Ges Zn `Ð †bwMwUf ev A¨v‡bvW| Cathode Copper
A_©vr Cu K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
 W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl Dc¯’vcb t Zn/ZnSO4 CuSO4/Cu ev, Zn/Zn2+ Cu2+/Cu,
 W¨vwb‡qj †Kv‡l msNwUZ †Kvl wewµqv:
A¨v‡bv‡W (RviY Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv) : Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq) + 2e
K¨v‡_v‡W (weRviY Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv) : . Cu (aq) + 2e  Cu(s)
2+
.
†gvU †Kvl wewµqv : Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
abvÍK we`y¨r cÖevn M¨vjf¨v‡bvwgUvi
(Ñ) A¨v‡bvW B‡jKUªb cÖevn K¨v‡_vW (+)

Zn `Û Cu `Û
mwQ`ª †`qvj
e– Zn Cu2+
e–
SO2–4
+
ZnSO4 `ªeY Zn2 CuSO4 `ªeY
 Item- 03: Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl I Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li cv_©K¨-

cv_©‡Kï welq Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl
msNwUZ cwieZ©‡bi cÖK…wZ Zworkw³ ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ivmvqwbK kw³ Zwor kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq|
Zwor cÖev‡ni †K․kj `ªe‡Y ev MwjZ Ae¯vq Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_© m„ó Avqb Øviv ivmvqwbK wewµqvq wegy³ B‡jKUªb cÖev‡ni d‡j Zwor cÖevn
Zwor-cÖevn N‡U| m„wó nq|
cÖev‡ni w`K †h w`‡K A¨vbvq‡bi cwienb N‡U †m w`‡KB Zwor cÖevwnZ nq| B‡jKUªb cÖev‡ni wVK wecixZ w`‡K Zwor cÖevwnZ nq|
ZworØv‡ii cÖK…wZ A¨v‡bvW abvZ¥K Ges K¨v‡_vW FYvZ¥K Avavbhy³| A¨v‡bvW FYvZ¥K Ges K¨v‡_vW abvZ¥K Avavbhy³|
ZworØv‡i msNwUZ cÖwµqv A¨v‡bv‡W RviY Ges K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY N‡U| A¨v‡bv‡W RviY Ges K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY N‡U|
 Item- 04: K‡qKwU M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li Dc¯’vcb :
 Zn/Zn++ Cu++/Cu; Zn/Zn2+ Fe3+ /Fe2+/Pt; Cd/Cd2+ H+/H2/Pt
 Cd/Cd2+ (0.1M) H+/H2(1 atm)/Pt
M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl  Pt/H2/H+ Br2/Br–/Pt
 Ag/AgCl/Cl– Cu2+/Cu
 Zn/Zn2+ Cl– /Hg2Cl2/Hg
 ‡Kvl Dc¯vc‡bi mgq wbw¯…q •e`y¨wZK ms‡KZ eënvi Ki‡j RviY Zwor Øv‡ii †ÿ‡Î ev‡g Ges weRviY Zwor Øv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Wv‡b wjL‡Z nq|
Pt, Fe2+/Fe3+ (RviY Zwor Øvi), Fe3+/Fe2+, Pt (weRviY Zwor Øvi)|
 Item-05: K‡qKwU we`ÿr †K‡li ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨-

‡Kvl Avwe®‹viK ‡Kv‡li aiY A¨v‡bvW (-ve) K¨v‡_vW (+ve) we`ÿr D‡ËRK Q`b wbeviK emf
Av‡jmv‡›`ªv †fvëv
mij †fvëvi †Kvl GK Zij `¯Ívi (Zn) cvZ Zvgvi (Cu) cvZ jNy H2SO4 – 1.08/1.10V
1794 mv‡j
R‡R©m ‡jKj¨vÝ 1865
‡jKj¨vÝ †Kvl GK Zij `¯Ívi (Zn) cvZ Kve©b `Ð NH4Cl `ªeY MnO2 1.40 V
mv‡j
ï®‥ †Kvl ev
– Zij wenxb `¯Ívi †PvOvK…wZ cvÎ Kve©b `Ð NH4Cl Gi †có MnO2 1.50 V
‡jKj¨vÝ ï®‥ †Kvl
Rb W¨vwb‡qj
W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl `yB Zij `¯Ívi (Zn) cvZ Zvgvi (Cu) cvZ H2SO4 `ªeY CuSO4 `ªeY 1.08 V
1830 mv‡j
mxmv GwmW mÂqx 2.03 V (PvwR©Z)
cøv›U 1859 mv‡j ‡M․Y †Kvl ‡jW (Pb) cvZ PbO2 Gi cvZ H2SO4 `ªeY –
†Kvl 1.20 V (APvwR©Z)
wb‡Kj A·vBW
GwWmb ‡M․Y †Kvl Avqib (Fe) wb‡Kj KOH `ªeY – 1.35 V
mÂqx †Kvl
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01. WªvB‡mj ev ï®‹ †Kvl Kv‡K e‡j? GKwU ï®‹ †Kvl A¼b Ki Ges wewfbœ As‡ki +
wcZ‡ji Uzwc
bvg †jL| [RUET. 2008-09]
A_ev, †mj wewµqvmn †jKj¨vÝ ï®‹ †Kvl AsKb Ki Ges Gi wewfbœ As‡ki bvg
wjL| [RUET. 2004-05]
DËi: †h †jKj¨vÝ‡Kv‡l we`y¨r D‡ËRK wn‡m‡e NH4Cl Gi †c÷ Ges Q`b wbeviK
wn‡m‡e KwVb MnO2 eëüZ nq Zv‡K ï®‥ †Kvl e‡j| Kve©‡bi ¸ov
ï®‥ †Kv‡li emf Gi gvb = 1.5 v
†Kvl wewµqv: Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) | 2NH4+ (aq) [2NH3(aq) + H2(g)/C(gr)] MnO2 I NH4Cl Gi
cÖkœ-02. M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl wK? M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ wjL| AvVv‡jv KvM‡Ri †c÷ _wj
DËi : Concept-5; Item-3 †`L| KvM‡Ri †gvoK
cÖkœ-03. †Wwb‡qj †Kv‡l wRsK `Û weRviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †Kb? [wm.‡ev. 2019]
DËi : Concept-5; Item-3 †`L| wRs‡Ki †PvO

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: †jKj¨vÝ ï®‥‡Kv‡l A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e GKwU `¯Ívi cvÎ eënvi Kiv nq|
†Kv‡li cv‡Îi ga¨Lv‡b GKwU Kve©b `Ð ivLv nh| Kve©b `ÐwU †Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW
DU
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| Kve©b`‡Ûi Pviw`‡K MnO2, MÖvdvBU P~b©, mvgvb¨ ZnCl2
01. wb‡Kj-K¨vWwgqvg e¨vUvwi‡Z msNwUZ wb‡gœi wewµqvq †KvbwU RvwiZ nq?
[DU. 2012-2013]
Ges AwZwi³ NH4Cl GKwU †có w`‡q wRsK cvÎwU c~Y© Kiv nq|
2NaOH+Cd +2H2O2Ni(OH)2+Cd(OH)2 CU
A.Ni 2+
B. Ni 3+
C. Cd D. Cd 2+
01. †kÖwY web¨v‡m †Wwb‡qj †Kvl nj | [CU. 2014-15]
mwVK DËi: C. Cd A. GK Zij †g․wjK †Kvl B. `yB Zij †g․wjK †Kvl
e¨vL¨v: 2NaOH+Cd+2H2O2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2 GLv‡b Cd Eletron C. †jW mÂqx †Kvl D. wb‡Kj mÂqx †Kvl E. ï®‥ †Kvl
`vb K‡i Cd2+ n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz K¨vWwgqvg weRviK ZvB Bnv RvwiZ n‡q‡Q| mwVK DËi: B. `yB Zij †g․wjK †Kvl
02. wb¤œwjwLZ M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl m¤ú‡K© mwVK Dw³wU wPwýZ Ki| [DU. 2008-09] e¨vL¨v: ‡Wwb‡qj †Kv‡l `yB ai‡bi Zij h_v CuSO4 I ZnSO4 eënvi Kiv
Zn(s) / Zn2+ (aq) || Cu2+ (aq) / Cu (s) nq| ZvB GwU `yB Zij †Kvl|
A. The Zn electrode is the cathode IU
B. Oxidation takes place at the Cu electrode 01 . ï®‹ †Kv‡li Zwor PvjK e‡ji gvb- [IU-F,Set-B:2018-19]
2+ 2+
C. The reaction Zn (aq)+Cu(s)Zn(s)+Cu (aq) is spontaneous A. +1.2V B. +1.3V C. +1.4V D. +1.5V
D. Electron flows from the Zn electrode to the Cu electrode mwVK DËi: D. +1.5V
mwVK DËi: D. Electron flows from the Zn electrode to the Cu electrode 02. ÿviKxq mÂqx †Kv‡l K¨v‡_vW cv‡Z †h A·vBW-¸ov eëüZ nq- [IU. 2010-11]
e¨vL¨v: M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl m¤ú‡K© mwVK- A.Ni2O3 B.NiO C. Ni2O D. ZnO
 Anode (Oxidation) : Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq) + 2e mwVK DËi: A.Ni2O3
 Cathode (Reduction) : Cu2+(aq) + 2e  Cu(s) e¨vL¨v: wb‡Kj A·vBW mÂqx †Kvl (ÿviKxq mÂqx †Kvl) Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib
 The reaction is spontaneous: Zn(s)+Cu (aq)Zn (aq)+ Cu(s)
2+ 2+
weÁvbx GwWmb| ZvB G‡K GwWmb mÂqx †KvlI ejv nq| G‡Z Avqib
 Electron flows from the Zn electrode to the Cu electrode A¨v‡bvW Ges wb‡Kj A·vBW (Ni2O3) ¸‡ov hy³ wb‡Kj cvZ K¨v‡_vW
JnU wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
01. wb‡Kj A·vBW mÂvqK †Kv‡l A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e wK eënvi Kiv nq? BRU
[JnU. 2012-13, h.‡ev. 2016] 01. †Wwb‡qj †m‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni w`‡K †KvbwU? [BRU-D1.2017-18, CU. 2012-13]
A. Avqib B. Kcvi C. wRsK D. †Kvevë A. Zn  Cu B. Cu  Zn C. Na  Cu D. Na  Zn
mwVK DËi: A. Avqib mwVK DËi: B. Cu  Zn
e¨vL¨v: wb‡Kj A·vBW mÂqx †Kvlt weÁvbx GwWmb GwU Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib e‡j e¨vL¨v: B‡jKUªb Zn  Cu Ges Zwor Cu  Zn Gi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
G‡K GwWmb mÂqx †Kvl ev ÿvixq mÂqx †Kvl ejv nq| G‡Z Avqib STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A¨v‡bvW Ges wb‡Kj UªvBA·vBW (Ni2O3) Muyovhy³ wb‡Kj cvZ K¨v‡_vW SUST
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
01. W¨vwb‡qj we`y¨r †Kv‡l `¯Ív I Gwm‡Wi ivmvqwbK wewµqvq Drcbœ nq-
RU [SUST. 2013-14, RU.2009-2010]
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov B‡jK‡UªvW mvaviY WªvB †m‡j eëüZ nq? [RU. 2007-08] A. ZnSO4 B. Zn(HSO4)2 C. Zn3(PO4)2
A. Zvgvi `Ð I `¯Ívi `Ð B. Zvgvi cvZ I `¯Ívi cvZ D. Zn(HCO3)2 E. ZnCO3
C. Kve©b `Ð I `¯Ívi †K․Uv D. Zvgvi `Ð I `¯Ívi †K․Uv mwVK DËi: A. ZnSO4
mwVK DËi: C. Kve©b `Ð I `¯Ívi †K․Uv e¨vL¨v: Zn + H2SO4ZnSO4 + H2
JUST mwVK DËi: C. M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW FYvZ¥K
01. Fe(s) | Fe2+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu (s) †KvlwUi K¨v‡_v‡Wi wewµqv e¨vL¨v: W¨vwb‡qj ev M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l Cu `Ð cwRwUf (K¨v‡_vW) Ges Zn `Ð
†KvbwU? [JUST-C. 2016-17, SUST. 2011-12] †b‡MwUf ev A¨v‡bvW|
A. Fe  Fe2+ + 2e– B. Fe+2+ 2e– Fe C. Cu  Cu2+ + 2e–
D. Cu2++ 2e– Cu E. Fe + Cu2++ Cu STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
mwVK DËi: D. Cu2+ + 2e– Cu BUET
HSTU 01. †h †Kvl Zwor kw³‡K ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i, Zv‡K ejv nqÑ
[BUET. 2013-14]
01. W¨vwb‡qj †Kv‡l ZworØvi wnmv‡e eëüZ nq-
A. Zwor we‡kølY †Kvl B. M¨vjfvwb †Kvl
[HSTU-B.2017-18; CU.2009-2010,2008-2009,2003-2004,2001-2002]
A. Cu Ges Ag B. Cu Ges Zn C. Zn Ges Ag D. Zn Ges Fe C. R¡ v jvbx †Kvl D. W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl
mwVK DËi: B. Cu Ges Zn mwVK DËi: A. Zwor we‡kø lY †Kvl
02. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU •Zix‡Z MÖvdvBU eëüZ nq? [HSTU-B.2017-18] 02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï®‹ †Kv‡l K¨v‡_vW wnmv‡e eëüZ nq- [BUET: 2011-12]
A. Møvm B. KvwUs Uzjm C. ‣e`y¨wZK Zvi D. B‡jK‡UªvW A. Zinc B. MnO 2 C. Carbon D. NH4Cl
mwVK DËi: D. B‡jK‡UªvW mwVK DËi: C. Carbon
e¨vL¨v: ï®‥ we`y¨r †Kv‡l MÖvdvBU ev Kve©b `Ð †Kv‡li FYvZ¥K B‡jK‡UªvW ev e¨vL¨v: ï®‥ †Kv‡l Kve©b `Ð K¨v‡_vW Ges wRsK `Ð A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wRs‡Ki •Zix GwU GKgyL e× dvucv| STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
NSTU DAT
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wg_¨v? [NSTU: 2014-2015] 01. ï®‹‡Kv‡l Zwor D‡ËRK iƒ‡c †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [DAT- 2018-19]
A. M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li A¨v‡bvW FYvZ¥K A. NH4Cl B. H2O C. H2CO3 D. MnO2
B. wiW· wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e P‡j mwVK DËi: A. NH4Cl
C. M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW FYvZ¥K e¨vL¨v: ï®‥ †Kv‡l Zwor D‡ËRK wnmv‡e NH4Cl Gi †c÷ Ges Q`b wbeviK
D. Cu2+/Cu ZworØviwU weRviY cÖwµqv wnmv‡e RviK iƒ‡c KwVb MnO2 eëüZ nq|
 CONCEPT 06 wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwii MVb,Kvh©cÖYvjx I wiPvR© cÖwµqv

 Item- 01: wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwi ev mÂqx †Kvl:
D`vniY:  †jW-GwmW ev †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi (me©vwaK eëüZ)  wb‡Kj-K¨vWwgqvg (NiCd)
 wb‡Kj-avZz nvBWªvBW (NiMH)  wjw_qvg Avqb (Liion)
 wjw_qvg Avqb cwjgvi (Liion polymer)
welqe¯‘ †jW-GwmW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv

ZworØvi A¨v‡bvW : Pb †cøU ; K¨v‡_vW : PbO2 Gi ¸ov
Zwor we‡køl¨ 4.5M H2SO4 `ªeY, Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ 1.15
Aa© †Kvl wewµqv A¨vbv‡W RviY : Pb(s) + HSO4–(aq)  PbSO4(s) + H+ (aq) + 2e– E = 0.3v
K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY : PbO2(s) + 3H+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) + 2e–  PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) E = 1.7 v
†Kvl wewµqv : Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2HSO4–(aq)  2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
Zwo”PvjK ej E0 = 2.0V [†jW-GwmW Kvi e¨vUvixi Af¨šÍixY †iva cÖvq 0.001 ohm]
†Kvl ms‡KZ Pb, PbSO4(s) | H2SO4(aq) /PbO2(s), Pb
we‡kl Z_¨ :  wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwi‡K evievi PvR© w`‡q eënvi‡hvM¨ Kiv nq|
 wjw_qvg e¨vUvwi cwi‡e‡ki gvivZ¥K ÿwZmvab K‡i|
 †jW †÷v‡iR wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi ‡m‡KÛvwi ‡Kvl wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|
 †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii myweav-Amyweav:
myweav Amyweav
 e¨vUvwi wbg©v‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi LyeB mnRjf¨Zv|  G e¨vUvwii Kg©`ÿZv (efficiency) gvÎ 70%|
 GwU‡K cybivq wiPvR© Kiv hvq|  Zwor we‡køl¨ ‡hvM Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B e¨vUvwi PvwR©Z nq Ges GwU ÿq n‡Z _v‡K|
 G RvZxq e¨vUvwii Af¨šÍixY ‡iva Kg|  GwU AwZwi³ Zvc m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
 Gi g~j Dcv`vbmg~n‡K wimvB‡Kj Kiv hvq|  G e¨vUvwii iÿYv‡eÿY LiP Av‡Q|
 Item-02: wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi (LIB) I wjw_qvg e¨vUvwii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
welqe¯‘ wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi (LIB) wjw_qvg e¨vUvwi (LB)
aib  †m‡KÛvix Ges wiPv‡R©ej  cÖvBgvwi Ges wiPv‡R©ej bq|
ZworØvi  A¨v‡bvW = wjw_qvg Avqb hy³ MÖvdvBU (LixC6)  MnO2, wmjfvi f¨vbvwWqvg A·vBW
 K¨v‡_vW = wØ-avZe A·vBW (LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiFePO4) BZ¨vw`| (SVO)|
Zwor we‡køl¨  •Re `ªve‡K `ªexf~Z wjw_qvg jeY- †hgb- wjw_qvg cvi‡K¬v‡iU (LiClO4)  A¨vwm‡UvbvBUªvBj, wjw_qvg cvi‡K¬v‡iU|
eënvi  wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi eëüZ nq †mj †dvb, j¨vcUc-Kw¤úDUvi, wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv I  K¨vjKz‡jUi, Nwo Ges nvU© †cm‡gKvi
cvIqvi Uzjm&& ev hš¿cvwZ‡Z| eZ©gv‡b †jW GwmW e¨vUvwii cwie‡Z© LIB eëüZ nq| iƒ‡c SVO e¨vUvwi eëüZ nq|
we.`ª.: †Kvb wjw_qvg-Avqb mÂvqK †Kvl hw` 3.0V nq, Z‡e cÖwZ MÖvg wjw_qvg 41.7 kJ kw³ `vb K‡i| wjw_qvg Avqb †Kv‡li wefe 3.7 V|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwii PvwR©s I wWmPvwR©s Gi mgq msNwUZ wewµqvwU †jL?
wWmPvwR©s
DËi : mvgwMÖK †Kvl wewµqv: LixC6(s) + Li1x CoO2(s) LiCoO2(s) + 6C(s)
wiPvwR©s
cÖkœ-02 : †jW mÂqx †Kv‡l Kx Kx B‡jK‡UªvW I Kx B‡j‡UªvjvBU eëüZ nq? †Kv‡l we`y¨r kw³ wbM©Z nIqvi wewµqvwU wjL| [BUET. 2012-13]
wWmPvwR©s
DËi : B‡jK‡UªvW: †jW avZz (Pb), B‡jK‡UªvjvBU: H2SO4, wewµqv: PbO2(s) + Pb(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
wiPvwR©s
cÖkœ-03 : GKwU †jW GwmW e¨vUvwi †Z PvwR©Z ev we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi mgq †h wewµqv msMwVZ nq Zv wjL| [RUET. 2007-08, 2003-04]
DËi : we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi mgq wb‡¤œv³ wewµqv N‡U-
evg ZworØv‡i (A¨v‡bv‡W): Pb + H2SO4  PbSO4 + 2e– + 2H+
Wvb ZworØv‡i (K¨v‡_v‡W): PbO2 + 2H+ + H2SO4 + 2e–  PbSO4 + 2H2O (wWmPvwR©s)
myZivs †mj wewµqvwU n‡e: PbO2 + Pb + H2SO4 ⇌ 2PbSO4 + 2H2O (PvwR©s)
cÖkœ-04 : Mvoxi e¨vUvwi‡Z eëüZ H2SO4 Gi NbgvÎv µgk: e„w× cvq †Kb? ivmvqwbK wewµqvi mvnv‡h¨ wjL| [BUET. 2012-13]
Charging
DËi : 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) ––––––– PbO2(g) + Pb(s) + 2H2SO4(aq)
GB wewµqvq †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cvwb we‡qvwRZ n‡”Q Ges GKB mv‡_ H2SO4 •Zwi n‡”Q| d‡j H2SO4 Gi NbgvÎv e„w× cvq|
cÖkœ-05 : †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi‡Z gv‡S gv‡S cvwb w`‡Z nq †Kb?
DËi : e¨vUvwii wWmPv‡R©i mgq cvwb Drcbœ nIqvq H2SO4 Gi NbZ¡ K‡g hvq| ZvB mgq g‡Zv nvB‡WªvwgUvi w`‡q H2SO4 wgkÖ‡Yi NbZ¡ ev, Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡
†`Lv nq| Avevi wiPv‡R©i mgq cvwb we‡køwlZ n‡q H2 & O2 Drcbœ nq Ges cvwb K‡g hvq| ZLb H2SO4 Gi NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq| ZvB mgq g‡Zv
e¨vUvwi‡Z weï× cvwb †hvM K‡i H2SO4 Gi NbZ¡ ev, Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ 1.25 †_‡K 1.26 Gi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z nq|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
RU JUST
01. WªvB‡mj e¨vUvwii Zwo”PvjK ej KZ? [JUST-C: 2019-20]
01. †KvbwU wiPv‡R©ej †Kvl bq? [RU-H2.2017-18, JU-D. 2013-14 iv.‡ev. 2016]
A. 1.5 volt B. 1.1 volt
A.wjw_qvg e¨vUvix B. wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvix C. 2 volt D. 5 volt
C. †jW A¨vwmW e¨vUvix D. †KvbwUB bq mwVK DËi: A. 1.5 volt
mwVK DËi: A.wjw_qvg e¨vUvix 02. A‡Uv‡gvevBj BwÄ‡b K¨vUvjvBwUK KbfvU©vi eënv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wK?
e¨vL¨v: wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvix wiPv‡R©ej †Kvl n‡jI wjw_qvg e¨vUvix wiPv‡R©ej bq| [JUST-B.2016-17]
A. NO M¨vm‡K N2 I O2 ‡Z cwiYZ Kiv
CU B. hw` Kve©b Drcbœ nq, Zv‡K †kvlY Kiv
01. †jW GwmW e¨vUvix KLb wiPvR© Kiv cÖ‡qvRb? [CU. 2014-15] C. CO m„wó‡Z evav m„wó Kiv
A. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ 1.5 Gi wb‡P †b‡g G‡j D. ev®ú mieivn K‡i wbM©Z M¨v‡mi DËvc cÖkwgZ Kiv
B. H2SO4 Gi cwigvY K‡g G‡j mwVK DËi: C.CO m„wó‡Z evav m„wó Kiv
C. H2SO4 Gi NbgvÎv K‡g G‡j e¨vL¨v: A‡Uv‡gvevB‡j K¨vUvjvBwUK KbfvU©vi eënv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wZbwU ÿwZKi
D. e¨vUvixi EMF 1.17 V Gi †b‡g G‡j †h․‡Mi wbM©gb Kgv‡bv nq| †h․M 3wU n‡”Q-
mwVK DËi: D. e¨vUvixi EMF 1.17 V Gi †b‡g G‡j i) CO ii) NO iii) nvB‡WªvKve©b
Kvh©c×wZ: mwVK DËi: A. Lithium ion battery
i) 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 (Oxidation Reaction) e¨vL¨v: Lithium ion battery ‡Z LiCoO2-i Ae¯všÍi avZz †Kvevë PvwR©s Gi
ii) 2NO → N2 + O2 (Reduction Reaction) mg‡q Co3+ †_‡K Co4+ G RvwiZ nq Ges wWm Pv‡R©i mgq Co4+ †_‡K
iii) 2NO2 →N2 + 2O2 Co3+ weRvwiZ nq|
‡h‡nZz GLv‡b D‡Ï‡kï K_v ejv n‡q‡Q ZvB NO †f‡½ N2 I O2 •Zwi
nIqv K_vwU ejv hv‡e bv| mwVK DËi n‡e CO m„wó‡Z evav cÖ`vb Kiv| STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
NSTU MAT
01. wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi‡Z A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e †KvbwU eëüZ nq? 01. K…wÎg †cm‡gKvi h‡š¿ †Kvb e¨vUvwi eënvi Kiv nq?
[NSTU-A. 2019-20] [MAT.2016-17, Xv.‡ev. 2017]
A. wjw_qvg B. Kve©b C. avZe A·vBW D. cøvwUbvg
A. Ni-Cd e¨vUvwi B. Li e¨vUvwi
mwVK DËi: B. Kve©b C. Li Avqb e¨vUvwi D. ï®‥ (Dry Cell) e¨vUvwi
02. †KvbwU LiAlH4 eR©¨ bó Ki‡Z eëüZ nq? [NSTU-C. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: B. Li e¨vUvwi
A. Na2CO3 B. NaHSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. NaHCO3
mwVK DËi: C. Na2SO4 e¨vL¨v: K¨vjKz‡jUi, Nwo Ges nv‡U© K…wÎg †cm‡gKvi iƒ‡c SVO wjw_qvg
e¨vL¨v: AeëüZ LiAlH4 bó Ki‡Z Na2SO4 ev MgSO4 eënvi Kiv nq| e¨vUvwi eëüZ nq|
02. †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii gva¨‡g †Kvb fvix avZzwU Lv`¨-k„sL‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i?
BSMRSTU [MAT. 2017-18, wm.‡ev. 2015]
01. Mvwo‡Z eëüZ †jW mÂqK †Kv‡l gv‡S gv‡S cvwb †Ìqv nq †Kb? A. Cd B. As C. Pb D. Cr
[BMRSTU-C.2017-18] mwVK DËi: C. Pb
A. ‡Kvl kxZj ivLvi Rb¨ Board Ques.
B. `ªe‡Yi pH mwVK ivLvi Rb¨ 01. †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi‡Z eëüZ nq †KvbwU? [Kz.‡ev. 2016]
C. e¨vUvwii Kvh©ÿgZv wVK ivLvi Rb¨ A. HNO3 B. H2SO4 C. HCl D. CH3COOH
D. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ mwVK ivLvi Rb¨ mwVK DËi: B. H2SO4
mwVK DËi: D. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ mwVK ivLvi Rb¨ 02. †jW mÂqx †Kv‡l †KvbwU Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq? [h.‡ev. 2016]
e¨vL¨v: ‡jW †÷v‡iR †Kv‡l H2SO4 Gi NbZ¡ 1.2 ev 1.15 wVK ivLvi Rb¨ A. H2SO4 B. PbSO4 C. PbO D. PbO2
weï× cvwb †hvM Kiv nq| mwVK DËi: A. H2SO4
02. ‡jW Zwor mÂvqK †m‡ji emf Gi gvb KZ †fvë? [BSMRSTU. 2014-15] 03. †jW mÂqx †Kv‡l eëüZ H SO Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ KZ? [P.‡ev. 2015]
2 4
A. 2.03 B. 1.5 C. 1.7 D. 1.35 A. 1.25 B. 1.20 C. 1.15 D. 1.10
mwVK DËi: A. 2.03 mwVK DËi: A. 1.25
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION 04. †jW mÂqx e¨vUvwii Af¨šÍixY †iva KZ Ig? [h.‡ev. 2015]
A. 0.80 ohm B. 0.50 ohm C. 0.02 ohm D. 0.001 ohm
KUET
mwVK DËi: D. 0.001 ohm
01. †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi wWmPv‡R©i mgq wb‡gœi †Kvb Drcv` •Zix n‡e?
[KUET-2016-17, RUET. 2010-11]
05. †gvUi Mvwo‡Z eëüZ †jW mÂqx †Kv‡l gv‡S gv‡S cvwb †`qv nq †Kb?
A. PbO2 I H2O B. PbSO4 I H2O C. Pb I H2O [iv.‡ev. 2015]
D. Pb I H2SO4 E. Pb, PbO2 I H2SO4 A. †Kvl kxZj ivLvi Rb¨
mwVK DËi: B. PbSO4 I H2O B. `ªe‡Yi pH mwVK ivLvi Rb¨
e¨vL¨v: Pb + PbO2 + 2H+ + 2HSO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O C. †Kv‡li Kvh©ÿgZv wVK ivLvi Rb¨
02. wjw_qvg Avqb (Li-ion) e¨vUvix‡Z B›UviK¨v‡jkb (Intercalation) ej‡Z D. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ mwVK ivL‡Z
‡KvbwU †evSvq? [KUET. 2015-16] mwVK DËi: D. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ mwVK ivL‡Z
A. wjw_qvg †gUvj A·vBW (LiMO2) †_‡K wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) †ei n‡q hvIqv| 06. †KvbwU †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii ms‡KZ ev †Kvl WvqvMÖvg? [w`.‡ev. 2017]
B. wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) Gi MÖvdvB‡Ui `y¯Í‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv A. Pb (s)/Pb2+ || Cu2+/Cu (s) B. Pb, PbSO4/H2SO4(aq)/PbO2, Pb
C. wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) Gi •Re `ªve‡Ki g‡a¨ wePiY Kiv C. Zn (s)/Zn2+ || Pb2+/Pb (s) D. Pb/Pb2+ || H+/H2
D. wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) `ªe‡Y mj‡f‡UW nIqv mwVK DËi: B. Pb, PbSO4/H2SO4(aq)/PbO2, Pb
E. †gUvj A·vBW c„‡ô wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) Rgv nIqv 07. †KvbwU wiPvR© Kiv hvq? [w`.‡ev. 2017, h.‡ev. 2016]
mwVK DËi: A.wjw_qvg †gUvj A·vBW †_‡K (LiMO2) wjw_qvg Avqb (Li+) A. ï®‥ †Kvl B. A¨vjKvwj R¡vjvwb †Kvl
†ei n‡q hvIqv C. wjw_qvg e¨vUvwi D. wjw_qvg-Avqb e¨vUvwi
e¨vL¨v: PvwR©s Gi mgq evwn¨K •e`y¨wZK Dr‡mi gva¨‡g GKwU Ifvi †fv‡ëR mwVK DËi: D. wjw_qvg-Avqb e¨vUvwi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j we`y¨r cÖevn wecixZ w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| G cÖwµqvq wjw_qvg 08. †KvbwU‡Z we`y¨r kw³ Drcbœ nq bv? [Awfbœ cÖkœ 2018]
Avqb mg~n abvZ¥K B‡jK‡UªvW †_‡K FYvZ¥K B‡jK‡Uªv‡W cwiewZ©Z K‡i| A. Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl B. †jW mÂqK †Kvl
GLv‡b Li+ mg~n mwQ`ª B‡jK‡Uªv‡W cÖ‡ek K‡i (Intercalation)| C. wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi D. M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl
BUTex mwVK DËi: A. Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvix? [BUTex. 2015-16, Kz. †ev. 2017]
09. †jW †÷v‡iR †m‡j †KvbwU weRvwiZ nq? [Awfbœ cÖkœ 2018]
A. Lithium ion battery B. Lithium battery A. Pb B. PbO C. PbSO4 D. PbO2

C. ïé †Kvl (Dry cell) D. ÿvixq ‡Kvl (Alkali cell) mwVK DËi: D. PbO2
 CONCEPT 07 dz‡qj †mj m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj
 Item--01: cÖv_wgK Z_¨
 dz‡qj ‡mj GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi cÖvBgvix
‡mj|
 dz‡qj ‡mj Gi A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e
mvavibZ Ae¯všÍi avZzi Aveib hy³ MÖvdvBU
`Ð eëüZ nq|
 ‡R‡b ivLv fvjtÑ
 dz‡qj ‡m‡j K¨v‡_vW abvZ¥K cÖvšÍ|
 dz‡qj ‡m‡j A¨v‡bvW FYvZ¥K cÖvšÍ|
 dz‡qj ‡m‡j cÖfveK Aw·‡Rb I
nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi wewµqv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
 dz‡qj ‡m‡j Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v_© PvwR©Z KYv‡K
GK ZworØvi ‡_‡K Ab¨ ZworØv‡i cwievwnZ
K‡i|
 dz‡qj ‡m‡j eëüZ Zij n‡”Q KwVb, Zij
I M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i wgkÖY|
wPÎ-dz‡qj †mj ¯‥xg wPÎ-dz‡qj †mj Gi eøK wPÎ

 Item-02: dz‡qj †mj Gi cÖKvi‡f`- Gi g~jbxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i ïay B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui wfbœZv Abymv‡i dz‡qj ‡mj‡K wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv nq-
 gRvi wUªKm: PREMA Went To PACIFIC So Mili Cried-

PREM A Went To PACIFIC So Mili Cried
    
PEMFC AFC PAFC SOFC MCFC
Proton Exchange A¨vjKvjvBb dz‡qj ‡mj Phosphoric Acid Solid Oxide Molten Carbonet
Membrane Fuel Cell (H2-dz‡qj ‡mj bv‡g cwiwPZ) Fuel Cell Fuel Cell Fuel Cell
 Item-03: dz‡qj ‡m‡ji A¨v‡bvW, K¨v‡_vW, dz‡qj, ZworØvi wewµqv Ges Acv‡iwUs ZvcgvÎvtÑ
me©vwaK eëüZ Acv‡iwUs
A¨v‡bvW K¨v‡_vW dz‡qj Zworwe‡køl¨ ZworØvi wewµqv
dz‡qj ‡mj ZvcgvÎv (°C)
A¨vjKvwj dz‡qj A¨v‡bvW: H2 + 2OH– = H2O + 2e–
cøvwUbvg (Pt) cøvwUbvg (Pt) H2 , O2 KOH 1 150 – 200
‡mj K¨v‡_vW: 2 O2 + H2O + 2e– = 2OH–
– –
H2 , O2I CO2,Li A¨v‡bvW: H2+2CO3 =2H2O +2CO2 + 2e
cøvwUbvg cÖ‡jc
g‡ëb Kve©‡bU Na,K,Kve©‡bU, 1
wb‡Kj (Ni) hy³ wb‡Kj Na2CO3 ev MgCO3 K¨v‡_vW: O + CO2 + 2e– = CO32– 650
dz‡qj ‡mj cÖvK…wZK M¨vm, 2 2
(Ni) avZz
ev‡qvM¨vm, Kqjv
Kve©b `‡Ði A¨v‡bvW: H2 = 2H+ + 2e–
dmdwiK GwmW Dci cøvwUbvg 1
cøvwUbvg (Pt) H2 , O2 dmdwiK GwmW (H3PO4) K¨v‡_vW: 2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e– = H2O 180 – 200
dz‡qj ‡mj (Pt) cÖ‡jc
hy³ cvZ
+ –
A¨v‡bvW: H2 = 2H + 2e
‡cÖvUb G·‡PÄ H2 , O2 1
cvid¬z‡iv mvj‡dvwbK K¨v‡_vW: O2 + 2H+ + 2e– = H2O
‡gg‡eªb dz‡qj cøvwUbvg (Pt) cøvwUbvg (Pt) CH3OH, 2 60 – 140
GwmW, cwjgvi ‡gg‡eªb
‡mj nvBWªvBW 1
‡Kvl wewµqv: H2 + O H2O + kw³
2 2
2–
mwjW A·vBW nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, K¨vjwmqvg A·vBW (CaO) A¨v‡bvW: H2 + O = H2O + 2e
cøvwUbvg (Pt) cøvwUbvg (Pt) Aw·‡Rb, cÖvK…wZK A_ev wRi‡Kvwbqvg A·vBW 1 – 100
dz‡qj ‡mj M¨vm (ZrO2) K¨v‡_vW: O2 + 2e = O
2
2–
 D”P ZvcgvÎvi dy‡qj ‡mj (High Temperature Fuel Cells) `yB cÖKvi-  SOFC  MCFC
 Item-04: PEM dz‡qj †mj (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) : cwi‡ek evÜe H2 dz‡qj †mj
ZË¡ Av‡jvPbv
MÖvdvB‡Ui Dfq ZworØv‡i Pt avZzi b¨v‡bv KYv wgwkÖZ _v‡K| Dfq B‡jK‡UªvW cwjgvi B‡jK‡UªvjvBU †Udjb/cwj‡UUªv‡d¬v‡iv B‡_b (–F2C–
ZworØvi
CF2–) wkKj †gg‡eªb Øviv hy³ _v‡K|
Zwor we‡køl¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e ÿvi (Alkali) KOH eënvi Kiv nq e‡j GwU‡K A¨vjKvwj dy‡qj ‡mjI (AFC) ejv n‡q _v‡K|
80C
 A¨v‡bv‡W wewµqv (H2 B‡jK‡UªvW) : 2H2(g) ––––– 4H+ (aq) + 2e– (RviY)
ZworØv‡i msNwUZ Pt
wewµqv  K¨v‡_v‡W wewµqv (O2 B‡jK‡UªvW) : O2(g) + 4H (aq) + 4e– –––– 2H2O (weRviY)
+
 mvgwMÖK †Kvl wewµqv : 2H2(g) + O2(g) ––– 2H2O(l) (weRviY)

ZwoPvjK ej E0 = 1.23V
 cøvwUbv‡gi •Zwi GKwU A¨v‡bvW/ wb‡Kj AveiYhy³ mw”Q`ª MÖvdvB‡Ui A¨v‡bvW|
 cøvwUbv‡gi •Zwi AciwU K¨v‡_vW/wb‡Kj I wb‡Kj A·vB‡Wi AveiY ‡Ìqv MÖvdvBU K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e _v‡K|
MVb
 A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW‡K c„_KKvix GKwU ‡gg‡eªb c`©v _v‡K|
 `ywU ZworØv‡i wb‡Kj I wb‡Kj A·vBW cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 R¡vjvbx mieivn Aÿzbœ ivL‡j G ai‡bi dz‡qj ‡mj ‡_‡K Aweivgfv‡e ZworcÖevn cvIqv hvq|
 gnvk~‡Y¨ Zwor Gi Drm wn‡m‡e nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj ‡mj eënvi Kiv myweavRbK|
 cvwb Drcbœ nq e‡j gnvk~‡b¨ b‡fvPvix‡ì cvbxq R‡ji Pvwn`vI G ‡_‡K ‡gUv‡bv hvq|
myweav  G dz‡qj ‡mj ‡ek D”P `ÿZvwewkó hv cÖvq 74% ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| G ‡m‡ji eëüZ R¡vjvbxi cÖvq 70% ivmvqwbK kw³ Zworkw³‡Z
iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| A_P GKwU AvaywbK ÔcvIqvi cøv›UÕ G ivmvqwbK kw³i m‡e©v”P 45% Zworkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq|
 G dz‡qj ‡mj `~lYgy³ I cwi‡ekevÜe| (kã `~lY, Zvcxq `~lY N‡U bv|)
 GKwU dz‡qj ‡mj Gi wefe 1.23V
 me©vwaK cÖPwjZ dz‡qj ‡mj|
we‡kl Z_¨  nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj GK ai‡bi M¨vjfvwbK †mj|
 nvBWª‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡ji Aci bvg nvB‡Wªv‡Rb-Aw·‡Rb dz‡qj †mj ev R¡vjvbx †Kvl ev †e‡Kvb †Kvl ev A¨vjKvwj dz‡qj †mj (AFC)|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1 : nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj cwi‡ek evÜe †Kb? [w`.‡ev. 2015; Xv.‡ev. 2017, iv.‡ev. 2017; Kz.‡ev. 2019]
DËi : nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj n‡jv GKwU wMÖbvi A_©vr cwi‡ekevÜe we`y¨r Drcv`bKvix †K․kj ev †Rbv‡iUi| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj †_‡K wbM©Z weï× cvwb
cwi‡e‡ki †Kv‡bv ÿwZ K‡ibv| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡ji ivmvqwbK kw³ A_©vr eÜb kw³i cÖvq 75% eënvi‡hvM¨ we`y¨r kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gi
Kg©`ÿZv A‡bK †ewk Ges `~lYgy³ Kv‡h©i Rb¨ dz‡qj †mj A‡bK cwi‡ek evÜe|
cÖkœ-2 : nvB‡Wª‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j msNwUZ wewµqv wjL| [w`.‡ev. 2017, h.‡ev. 2017]
DËi : A¨v‡bv‡W RviY: 2H2(g) + 4OH(aq)  4H2O(l) + 4e ; E = +0.83 V
K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY: O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e  4OH(aq) ; E = +0.40 V
mvgwMÖK †Kvl wewµqv: 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l) ; E = +1.23 V

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION CU
01. dz‡qj †m‡j eënvi‡hvM¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ †KvbwU?
RU
[CU-G. 2016-17, KU. 2013-14, iv.‡ev. 2015]
01. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j Zwor we‡kø‡lï g‡a¨ w`‡q †KvbwU PjvPj K‡i?
[RU-C.2016-17] A. KOH B. NaCl
+ 2–
A. H2 B. H C. O2 D. O C. ZnSO4 D. Mg(OH)2
mwVK DËi: B. H+ mwVK DËi: A. KOH
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡li A¨v‡bv‡W nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖevn cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| †hLv‡b e¨vL¨v: Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e ÿvi (alkali) KOH eënvi Kiv nq e‡j GwU‡K
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb (H2) ‡cÖvUb (H+) Ges B‡jKUª‡b (e-) wefvwRZ nq ZLb
A¨vjKvwj dz‡qj †mjI (AFC) ejv n‡q _v‡K| †R‡b ivLv fv‡jv
wb¤œiƒc wewµqvwU N‡U|
A¨v‡bv‡W RviY: H22H++2e-. E°= Zero volt(0V) nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj/nvB‡Wªv‡Rb-Aw·‡Rb dz‡qj †mj me©vwaK cÖPwjZ
+
D³ †cÖvUb (H ) B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui wfZi w`‡q AwZµg K‡i K¨v‡_vW cv‡k¦© dz‡qj †mj| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j H2 Gi RviY Ges K¨v‡_v‡W O2 Gi
†cu․Qvq| weRviY N‡U|
IU  Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell ev PEMFC- G- Zwor
01. †Kvb dz‡qj †m‡j Zij B‡jK‡UªvjvBU Abycw¯’Z? [IU-D.2019-20] we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e †cÖvUb cwievnx cwjgvi †gg‡eªb eënvi Kiv nq|
A. PEMFC B. AFC C. PAFC D. MCFC  Alkali Fuel cell ev AFC G Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e ÿv‡ii Rjxq `ªeY
mwVK DËi: A. PEMFC eënvi Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v:  Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ev MCFC- G Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e
dz‡qj †mj eëüZ B‡jK‡UªvjvBU Kve©‡bU jeY‡K 650°C ZvcgvÎvq we‡kl cÖwµqvax‡b Zi‡j cwiYZ
Molten carbonate fuel cell MwjZ wjw_qvg K‡i eënvi Kiv nq|
Alkali Fuel Cell or, AFC KOH `ªeY STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
Phosphoric acid or, PAFC H3PO4 GwmW
KUET
‘PEM Fuel Cell’ and cwjgvi, †gg‡eªb 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb wewµqvwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡ji K¨v‡_v‡W N‡U?
DMFC [KUET. 2018-19]
02. j¨ve‡iUix‡Z eënvi Dc‡hvMx nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j B‡jK‡UªvjvBU
A. 2CO2  O2  4e   2CO32 B. O2 + 4H+ + 4e–  2H2O
wnmv‡e Dcw¯’Z _v‡K- [IU-D. 2016-17]
C. 2H2 4H+ + 2e–
1
A. NaCl (aq) B. H2SO4(aq) C. KOH (aq) D. NaOH (aq) D. O2  H 2O  2e   2OH 
mwVK DËi: C. KOH (aq) 2
e¨vL¨v: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj/nvB‡Wªv‡Rb-Aw·‡Rb dz‡qj †mj : E. H 2  2OH   2 H 2O  2e 
me©vwaK cÖPwjZ dz‡qj †mj| 1  
Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e ÿvi (alkali) KOH eënvi Kiv nq e‡j GwU‡K mwVK DËi: D. 2 O2  H 2O  2e  2OH
A¨vjKvwj dz‡qj †mjI (AFC) ejv n‡q _v‡K| e¨vL¨v: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j,
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †m‡j H2 Gi RviY Ges K¨v‡_v‡W O2 Gi weRviY N‡U|
A¨v‡bv‡W Aa©wewµqv: 2H2(g) + 4OH (aq)  4e  4H2O(l)
BRU K¨v‡_v‡W Aa©wewµqv: O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e  4OH(aq)
01. H2 dz‡qj †m‡j A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vWiƒ‡c wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq? †gvU †Kvl wewµqv: 2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O(l)
[BRU-D1.2017-18, PUST-2017-18; BMRSTU-H.2017-18]
A. Ni B. Ag C. Pt D. MÖvdvBU STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
mwVK DËi: D. MÖvdvBU DAT
e¨vL¨v: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj ev AFC-G A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e Ni AveiYhy³ mwQ`ª 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb †mjwU cwi‡ek-evÜe?
MÖvdvBU Ges K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e wb‡Kj I wb‡Kj A·vB‡Wi AveiY hy³ [DAT. 2019-20; KU-A,Set-Kha:2018-19; MBSTU. 2019-20; Xv.‡ev. 2015]
MÖvdvBU eëüZ nq| A. wjw_qvg e¨vUvwi B. dz‡qj †mj
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION C. †jW mÂqK e¨vUvwi D. K¨vWwgqvg e¨vUvwi
mwVK DËi: B. dz‡qj †mj
NSTU
Board Ques.
01. weD‡Ub I O2 Gi dz‡qj †mj n‡jv- [NSTU-C. 2019-20]
01. H2 dz‡qj †m‡j A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [Xv.‡ev. 17]
A. we›`y ZvcgvÎvi dz‡qj †mj B. ga¨g ZvcgvÎvi dz‡qj †mj
A. Ni B. Ag C. Pt D. MÖvdvBU
C. D”P ZvcgvÎvi dz‡qj †mj D. Lye D”P ZvcgvÎvi dz‡qj †mj
mwVK DËi: D. MÖvdvBU
mwVK DËi: C. D”P ZvcgvÎvi dz‡qj †mj
02. H2 dz‡qj †m‡j cÖfveK wn‡m‡e †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [gv`ªvmv ‡ev. 2017]
e¨vL¨v: weD‡Ub I O2 Gi dz‡qj †m‡j weD‡Ub Burn nq- D”P ZvcgvÎvq A. Ni B. Pt C. Fe D. Mo
(1970C/3578F)| mwVK DËi: B. Pt
BSMRSTU 03. dz‡qj †m‡ji K¨v‡_v‡W R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eëüZ M¨vmwU n‡jv †KvbwU?
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb dz‡qj †m‡j Zij B‡jK‡UªvjvBU _v‡K bv? [Kz.‡ev. 2016]
[BMRSTU-B.2017-18, P.‡ev. 2015] A. H2 M¨vm B. IqvUvi M¨vm C. O2 M¨vm D. CO2 M¨vm
A. PAFC B. PEMFC C. AFC D. MCFC mwVK DËi: C. O2 M¨vm
mwVK DËi: B. PEMFC 04. H2 dz‡qj †m‡ji emf KZ? [Xv.‡ev. 2015]
e¨vL¨v:  Phosphoric Acid fuel Cell ev PAFC -G Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e A. 0.76 V B. 1.10 V C. 1.23 V D. 2.03 V
Rjxq H3PO4 eënvi Kiv nq| mwVK DËi: C. 1.23 V
 CONCEPT 08 PH wgUvi, Zwor cÖ‡jcb ev Electroplating Ges wkí‡ÿ‡Î Zwor we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvM
 Item-01: pH wgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ `ªe‡Yi pH wbY©‡qi ‡KŠkj:
 pH wbY©‡qi `ywU wfwË Av‡Q| 1) EMF wbY©q, 2) wb‡`©kK eënvi
 pH wgUv‡i cixÿYxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm ZworØvi MVb Kiv nq|
 pH wgUv‡i `ywU Aa©‡Kvl _v‡K hvi GKwU cixÿYxq Aa©‡Kvl Ges GKwU wb‡`©kK Aa©‡Kvl (K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi)
1
Pt. H2(g)/H+(aq) ||Cl– (1.0M)/Hg2Cl2(s)/Hg, Pt
2
(cixÿbxq H2 M¨vm Zwor Øvi) (K¨v‡jv‡gj Zwor Øvi)
Ecell – Ecalomel (red)
 pH =
0.0591
 ‡Kvb `ªe‡Yi pH wbY©‡qi Rb¨ H2 M¨vm ZworØv‡ii cwie‡Z© GKwU Møvm ZworØvi eënvi Kiv nq| ‡m‡ÿ‡Î mgMÖ ‡KvlwU n‡e-
Ag(s), AgCl/HCl(glass), ARvbv pH Gi cixÿbxq `ªeY 1M KCl(aq)/Hg2Cl2(s), Hg
 Møvm B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi Dcv`vb¸‡jv nj 72%SiO2, 22% Na2O Ges 6% CaO Gi wgkÖY|
 pH wgUv‡i eëüZ Møvm ‡gg‡eªb w`‡q ïaygvÎ H+ Avqb cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ hLb wgÎ Møvm ZworØvi I K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡ii mgš^‡q pH wgUvi
 Item-02: Zwor cÖ‡jcb ev ELECTROPLATING-

welqe¯‘ Zwor cÖ‡jc‡bi Av‡jvPbv
 Zwor we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g GKwU avZzi •Zix wRwb‡mi Dci Ab¨ GKwU Kg mwµq avZzi cvZjv cÖ‡jc ev AveiY †Ìqvi cÖwµqv‡K Zwor
Zwor cÖ‡jcb cÖ‡jcb ev B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs e‡j| Zvgv, ‡jvnv, A¨vjywgwbqvg, `¯Ív ev wRsK cÖf„wZ avZzi •Zix cY¨ mvgMÖx‡K D¾¡j †`Lv‡bv Ges
ÿq‡iv‡ai cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K myiÿvi Rb¨ H me `ª‡eï Dci Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqvq wmjfvi, †Mvì, wb‡Kj, †µvwgqvg cÖf„wZ avZzi cÖ‡ jc
†`qv nq|
 ‡h avZz Øviv †Kvb c`v‡_©i Dci cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e H GKB avZzi `Ð A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq Ges †h `ª‡eï Dci cÖ‡jcb
ZworØvi
v`‡Z n‡e Zv‡K K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq|
 ÿq †iva Kivi Rb¨B Zvi Dci ÿq †ivaKvix Aci GKwU avZzi cÖ‡jcb †Ìqv nq|
D‡Ïk¨  GQvov avZe c`v‡_©i ¯vwqZ¡ I †m․›`h© e„w× Kiv|
 avZz I avZzi ‣Zix e¯‧‡K PKP‡K I AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjv|
 `ªe‡Y avZe Avq‡bi cwigvY †ekx _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
 `ªe‡Yi Zwor cwienb ÿgZv †ekx nIqv ìKvi, hw` cwienb ÿgZv Kg nq, Zvn‡j D”P cwienb ÿgZv wewkó avZe jeY †hvM
¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Ki‡Z n‡e|
welqvewj
 avZe je‡Yi `ªeYwU †hb ¯vqx nq Ges evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k© †hb †Kvb ivmvqwbK wewµqv bv K‡i|
 `ªe‡Y A¨v‡bvW †_‡K m„ó K¨vUvqbwU †hb ZvovZvwo `ªexf~Z nq|
 WvDb c×wZ‡Z MwjZ NaCl Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y avZz wb®‥vwkZ nq|
 Hg K¨v‡_vW †m‡j NaCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y NaOH, H2 I Cl2 Drcv`b|
 NaCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor we‡køl‡Y †mvwWqvg †K¬v‡iU (v) NaClO3 Drcv`b|
 MwjZ CaCl2 I MwjZ MgCl2 Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y h_vµ‡g Ca avZz I Mg avZz wb®‥vkb|
cÖ‡qvM
 A¨vjywgbv (Al2O3) Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y Al avZy wb®‥vkb|
 A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi A¨v‡bvwWK RviY I A¨vjywgwbqvg avZy‡K iwObKiY|
 Acwi‡kvwaZ Zvgv‡K A¨v‡bvW wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i Zworwe‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Zvgvi weï×KiY|
 ZworcÖ‡jcb we‡kl K‡i wb‡Kj ev †µvwgqv‡gi cÖ‡jc cÖ‡qvM|
 †R‡b ivLv fv‡jv: hvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z avZzi ÿq‡K B‡ivmvb Ges ivmvqwbK ev cÖvK…wZK c×wZ‡Z avZzi ÿq‡K K‡ivmvb e‡j|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs wK? B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs Gi eënvi wjL| [BUTex. 2004-05]

DËi : B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs : Zwor we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g AwaK mwµq avZzi •Zwi wRwbmc‡Îi Dci Ab¨ GKwU Kg mwµq avZzi cÖ‡jc m„wó Kiv‡K B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs e‡j|
eënvi : mvaviY †jvnvi •Zwi wRwbmc‡Î evZvm I R¦jxq ev‡®úi wµqvq mn‡RB gwiPv a‡i| d‡j Giv ÿqcÖvß nq| wb‡Kj ev †µvwgqvg cÖ‡jchy³ n‡j
†jvnv evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m bv, d‡j gwiPvI a‡i bv, ÿq cÖvß nq bv|
cÖkœ-02 : GKwU Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡l GKwU †jŠn `Û‡K wb‡Kj w`‡q Zwor cÖ‡jcb Ki‡Z n‡e| G m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| [BUET. 2011-12]
(a) †Kvb avZzwU K¨v‡_vW wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e? (b) †Kvb avZzwU A¨v‡bvW wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e?
(c) †Kvb B‡jK‡UªvW †_‡K ewnt¯’ mvwK©‡U B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ n‡e? (d) A¨v‡bv‡Wi B‡jK‡UªvW wewµqvwU wjL|
(e) K¨v‡_v‡Wi B‡jK‡UªvW wewµqvwU wjL|
DËi: (a) †j․n `Û (b) wb‡Kj (c) A¨v‡bvW (wb‡Kj `Û) †_‡K (d) Ni2e = Ni2+ (e) Ni2+ + 2e = Ni|
cÖkœ-03 : GKwU †jvnvi wUDe‡K wRsK w`‡q cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e| G m¤úwK©Z bx‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| [BUET. 2016-17]
(a) †Kvb avZz K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e? (b) †Kvb avZz A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e?
(c) †Kvb B‡jK‡UªvW †_‡K ewnt¯’ mvwK©‡U B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ n‡e? (d) A¨v‡bvW-G msNwUZ B‡jK‡UªvW wewµqvwU wjL|
(e) K¨v‡_vW-G msNwUZ B‡jK‡UªvW wewµqvwU wjL|
DËi: (a) †jvnv, (b) wRsK, (c) A¨v‡bvW Z_v wRsK B‡jK‡UªvW, (d) Zn  Zn2+ + 2e, (e) Zn2+ + 2e  Zn

DU SUST
01. †jvnv‡K gwiPvi nvZ †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ †Kvb avZzi cÖ‡jc †`qv nq- 01. Ni(NO3)2 `ªe‡Y 20 wgwbU mgq a‡i 500 mA we`y¨rØv‡i KZ MÖvg Ni avZz
[DU. 2010-2011,BUTex.2013-2014, JU-D. 2016-17, CU-F. 2015-16]
A. Zn B. Pb C. Hg D. Ti Rgv n‡e? (Ni Gi R.A.M = 58.69) [SUST-A. 2019-20]
–2 –2
mwVK DËi: A. Zn A. 36.48 × 10 B. 18.24 × 10
4
e¨vL¨v: †jvnvi Dci m„ó ÿqKvix gwiPv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq †jvnvi Dci wR¼ C. 1.76 × 10 D. 1.82 × 102
–4
E. 3.04 × 10
ev `¯Ívi AveiY w`‡q| G‡K `¯Ívi cÖ‡jcb ev M¨vjfvbvBwRs e‡j| wR‡¼i –2
weRviY wef‡ei gvb Avqi‡bi †_‡K A‡bK †ewk, wR‡¼i E0 = –0.763V mwVK DËi: B. 18.24 × 10
Ges Avqi‡bi E0 = –0.44V| G‡ÿ‡Î Zn A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e Ges Fe e¨vL¨v: Q = eF  1F = e . W . F
M
K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
3 W
02. gwiPvi ivmvqwbK ms‡KZ nj- [DU.2007-2008, RU. 2010-11]  500  10  20  60 = 2 .  96500
58.69
A. Fe2O3.3H2O B. FeCl3 C. Fe2O3. 2H2O D. Fe3O4
W = 0.1824 = 18.24  102
mwVK DËi: A. Fe2O3. 3H2O
02. GKwU avZe jeY `ªe‡Y 0.0403 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r 1.0 NÈv Pvjbv Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: gwiPvi `yB ai‡bi ms‡KZ cÖPwjZ-
hw` K¨v‡_v‡W 0.026 MÖvg avZz Rgv nq, Z‡e avZzwUi PvR© KZ (avZzwUi
i. Fe2O3. 3H2O ii. Fe2O3. xH2O
R.A.M = 52)? [SUST-B. 2019-20]
JU
A. 4 B. 2 C. 1
01. CuSO4 `ªe‡Y 1F PvR© Øviv K¨v‡_v‡W KZ MÖvg Cu Rgv n‡e?
D. 3 E. 5
[JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20]
A. 23.0 g B. 26.52 g C. 31.75 g D. 33.68 g mwVK DËi: D. 3
mwVK DËi: C. 31.75 g Mit Mit 52  0.0403  3600
e¨vL¨v: W = nF  n = WF = = 3.0068 = 3
W M 63.5 0.026  96500
e¨vL¨v: Q = e. F  W = =  31.73
M e 2 03. weï× A¨vjywgbvi Zwor we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g A¨vjywgwbqvg wb®‹vk‡b µv‡qvjvBU
RU (Na3AlF6) †hvM Kiv nq, †Kbbv GwU- [SUST. 2008-09]
01. avZzi ÿq wK ai‡bi cÖwµqv? [RU.2006-2007] A. e·vBU AvKwi‡Ki ZijZv e„w× K‡i
A. ivmvqwbK B. ‡f․Z C. Zwor D. Zwor-ivmvqwbK B. e·vB‡Ui ‡P‡q GwU m¯Ív
mwVK DËi: D. Zwor-ivmvqwbK C. AwaKZi cwigvY A¨vjywgwbqvg Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i
e¨vL¨v: avZzi ÿq ev K‡ivmb GKwU Zwor ivmvqwbK cÖwµqv D. A¨vjywgbvi Mjbv¼ n«vm K‡i
†R‡b ivLv fvj- hvwš¿K fv‡e avZzi ÿq †K B‡ivmvb e‡j mwVK DËi: D. A¨vjywgbvi Mjbv¼ n«vm K‡i
KU e¨vL¨v: A¨vjywgbvi Zwor we‡kølY m¤úwK©Z KwZcq Z_¨- A¨vjywgbvi MjbvsK
01. †Kvb †gŠjwU B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs Gi Rb¨ eëüZ nq? [KU. 2013-14] 2050°C| Gi MjbvsK Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ Gi g‡a¨ µv‡qvjvBU (AIF3.3NaF)
A. Cr B. K C. Na D. Mg †hvM Kiv nq| d‡j MjbvsK 950°C nq| Zij wgkª‡Yi ZijZv eRvq
mwVK DËi: A. Cr ivLvi Rb¨ Gi g‡a¨ †d¬vi¯úvi †hvM Kiv nq|
BSMRSTU STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
01. MwjZ NaCl Gi ga¨ w`‡q 1F we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W RgvK…Z Na
RUET
Gi cwigvY n‡”QÑ [BSMRSTU-A. 2019-20; JU-A.2019-20]
01. Møvm B‡jK‡UªvW pH wgUv‡ii Møvm evj¦wU wb‡gœi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Møv‡m •Zix|
A. 23 g B. 2.3 g [RUET. 2013-14]
C. 46 g D. 4.6 g A. 72% SiO2, 22% Na2O and 6% CaO
mwVK DËi: A. 23 g B. 72% SiO2, 22% Na2O and 6% Hg
C. 70% SiO2, 24% Fe(OH)3 and 6% Fe2O3
e¨vL¨v: Na  Na+ + e ; Na+ Gi 1F we`y¨r Pvjbv K‡i 1 mol Na Rgv nq|
D. 72% SiO2, 20% Na2O and 8% CaO E. None
1 mol †mvwWqvg = 23gm Na mwVK DËi: A. 72% SiO 2 , 22% Na 2O and 6% CaO
e¨vL¨v: [GB AbycvZwU More transparent]
WRITEEN  CONCEPT : 09 Zwor cwievnx m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM-01 [MATH]  MCQ

GENERAL METHOD SHORTCUT TRICKS
Calculator wenxb AsK Kivi Awfbe wUªKm I WvUv ms‡hvRb

 Item-01 : Zwor cwievnx m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
 cÖevwnZ Zwor m¤cwK©Z-
Ex-01 l mol Cu2+ †K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z KZUzKz we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
†UKwbKt l mol wØ-†hvRx abvZ¥K Avqb‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z 2F we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|  we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb = 2F = 296500 = 193000 C
 we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb msµvšÍ cÖ‡qvM
 1 mol GK‡hvRx abvZ¥K Avqb‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z 1F we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb- Ag++e-  Ag, G †ÿ‡Î we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb-1 †gvj 1 †hvRx → 1 †gvj 196500=1 F
 1 mol wØ-†hvRx abvZ¥K Avqb‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z 2F we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb- Cu++ + 2e-  Cu †ÿ‡Î we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb-1 †gvj 2 †hvRx  1 †gvj 296500=2 F
 1 mol wÎ-†hvRx abvZ¥K Avqb‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z 3F we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb- Cr3+ + 3e-  Cr G †ÿ‡Î we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb-1 †gvj 3 †hvRx  1 †gvj 396500=3 F
Ex-02 1.0 †gvj FeO RvwiZ K‡i Fe2O3 Kiv n‡j wK cwigvY we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? [BUTex. 2009-10]
2+ 3+
mgvavbt Q = PvR© Gi cwieZ©b = 1F = 96500C [FeO  Fe2O3]
–19
Ex-03 GKwU GK †hvRx avZe Avq‡bi 1.6024510 C we`y¨r cwienb K‡i Z‡e H avZzi 1g †gvj Avqb Kx cwigvY we`y¨r cwienb Ki‡e?
‡UKwbKt GK‡hvRx avZe Avqb †gvj‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z 1F = 96500C we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK I ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK-
Z1 E1 W1
= = ‡g․‡ji cvigvYweK fi M Z = Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK
Z2 E2 W2 Z= = E = ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK/Zzj¨ fi
96500‡hvR¨Zv eF
w = mwÂZ fi
Ex-01 wmjfvi bvB‡UªU I Kcvi bvB‡Uª‡Ui `ywU c„_K `ªeY‡K wmwi‡R mshy³ K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQzÿY we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Kiv nj| G mgq wØZxq `ªeY †_‡K 6.35g
Kcvi mwÂZ n‡j cÖ_g `ªeY †_‡K wK cwigvY wmjfvi mwÂZ n‡e?
108
WAg ZAg 96500  1 108  2
mgvavbt = =  WAg =  6.35 = 21.6 g
WCu ZCu 63.5 63.5
96500  2
Ex-02 wmjfv‡ii Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK 0.001118 n‡j nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK KZ?
EH
mgvavbt ZAg = 2  EH2 = 1  0.001118 = 1.035  105 (Ans.)
ZH2 EAg 108
Ex-03 AgNO3 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ 10 wgwbU 0.25 A¨vw¤úqvi kw³m¤úbœ we`y¨r cÖevn Pvjbv Kivq K¨v‡_v‡W 0.1679 gm Ag Rgv nq| Aci GKwU AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 50
wgwbU 0.20 A¨vw¤úqvi kw³m¤úbœ we`y¨r cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ cwigvY Ag mwÂZ n‡e? [RUET. 2003-04]
W2 I2t2 50  60  0.2 0.1679  5  0.2 16.750.2 16.7
mgvavbt W1 = ZI1t1 ; W2 = ZI2t2  =  W2 = 0.1679  = = = = 0.67 (Ans.)
W1 I1t1 10  60  0.25 0.25 25 25
 Item-02 : Q = enF
cÖ‡qvRbxq Zzj¨vsK (e)

Q = ‡gvU PvR© (Kzj¤^) Al  2, Ag  1, Zn  2, Cr  3,
w VSTP VSATP x
Q = enF n= = = =
M 22.4 24.8 NA
e = †hvR¨Zv/PvR©/Zzj¨vsK, w = fi, M = avZzi O  2, H  1, Cl  1, Ni  2
cvigvYweK fi (M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î AvYweK fi) FeO  2, FeCl3  3
CuCl  1, CuSO4  2, H2O4
 w =  .It  w = Z.It
w It M
Abywm×všÍ Q = enF  n= =
M eF eF
Gevi D`vniY jÿ¨ Ki :
Ex-01 Co2+ + 2e  Co wewµqvi gva¨‡g 29.5 g Co •Zwi Ki‡Z KZ Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb?
mgvavbt Q = n  e  F = (29.5  2  96500) C = (0.5  2  96500)C = 96500 C (Ans.)
59
Ex-02 4 mole KMnO4 Gi g‡a¨ KZ Kzj¤^ we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j Mn2+ n‡e?
7+
mgvavbt Q = enF=5496500= 1.93106C Here,e=5, n=4 F=96500 [KMnO4  5e  Mn2+]
Ex-03 K2Cr2O7 †_‡K 10 mol Cr3+ Drcbœ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq we`y¨r kw³ KZ?
6+
mgvavbt Q=enF=61096500= 5790000C Here, e = 6 ,n=10 , F=96500C [K2Cr2O7  6e  2Cr3+]
Ex-04 Rjxq CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 0.40 ampere we`y¨r GK NÈv Pwjøk wgwbU a‡i cÖevwnZ Ki‡j 0.80 gm Kcvi Rgv nq| Kcv‡ii Zwor ivmvqwbK
Zzj¨vsK wbY©q Ki| [BUET. 2001-02, 2006-07, 2011-12]
mgvavbt Q = enF  n= w = It  w =  M .It  W = ZIt  Z = W = 0.8

= 3.33  104 gm/C
M eF eF It 0.4  (1  60 + 40)  60
MIt
A. PvR© wbY©q: Q = enF  e =
nF
 PvR© †ei Kivi †UKwbK: Gme As‡Ki Rb¨ me bó bv K‡i gv_v LvwU‡q mivmwi DËi ejv hvq| cÖ‡kœ †h avZzi Pv‡R©i K_v ejv n‡e Zvi Pv‡R©i K_v cÖ‡kœ ejvB
_v‡K A_ev Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z nq| †hgb- †µvwgqvg (III)  Cr3+  + 3 ; Fe(II)  Fe2+  +2 ; Fe(III)  Fe3+  +3 ; Ni(II)  Ni2+  +2
Ex-01 †µvwgqvg mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 0.0422 A we`y¨r 1 hr hver cÖevwnZ Kivi d‡j K¨v‡_v‡W 0.0275 g †µvwgqvg mwÂZ nq| †µvwgqvg Avq‡bi PvR© KZ?
[Cr = 52.0] [KUET. 2004-05, RUET. 2007-08]
mgvavbt Q = enF  It = e  w  F  e = MIt = 52  0.0422  3600 = 2.976  3 (Ans.)

M WF 0.0275  96500
GB As‡Ki †ÿ‡Î PvR© = Zzj¨ msL¨v wQj| ZvB e Gi gvbB n‡”Q PvR©| Cr3+ + 3e = Cr
Ex-02 ‡Kvevë mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 2.0 amp Zwor 10 N›Uv hver cÖevwnZ Ki‡j cøvwUbvg K¨v‡_v‡W 22.0 gm †Kvevë mwÂZ n‡e| †Kvevë Avq‡bi PvR© KZ?
m MIt 58.7236000 I = 2.0amp, t = 103600= 36000 sec
mgvavbt It = enF => It = eF  =>e = = =2 m = 22.0gm, M = 58.7
M mF 9650022
B. we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY wbY©qt Q = enF

Ex-01 MwjZ A¨vjywgbv (Al2O3) †_‡K Zwor we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z 20g A¨vjywgwbqvg avZz wb®‹vlY Ki‡Z KZ Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
m 3  96500  20 e = 3, F = 96500 C
mgvavbt Q = eFn => Q = eF = = 214444.44 C m = 20g, M = 27
M 27
Ex-02 MwjZ CaCl2 †_‡K Zwor we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z 40.0g K¨vjwmqvg avZz wb®‹vk‡b KZ Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
m 2  96500  40 e = 2 ,F = 96500 C
mgvavbt Q = eFn => Q = eF = = 193000 C m = 40g ,M = 40
M 40
MIt
C. mwÂZ fi wbY©q (w = )
eF
Ex-01 cvwbi Zwor we‡køl‡Yi Kv‡j 100 A gvÎvi Zwor cÖevn 193 sec mgq Pvjbv Ki‡j wK cwigvY Aw·‡Rb gy³ n‡e?
mgvavbt w = MIT = 32  100  193 = 32  19300 = 8  1 = 8

I = 100 A,t = 193 Sec
eF 4  96500 4 96500 5 5 4e
M = 32 , F = 96500 C, eH2O = 4 [2H2O –– 2H2 + O2]
Ex-02 Zzu‡Zi `ªe‡Y 1 N›Uv 20 wgwbU 25 †m‡KÛ mgq a‡i 10.0 A we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j Zwor Øv‡i wK cwigvY Kcvi Rgv co‡e?
mgvavbt w = MIT = 63.5  10  4825 = 63.5  48250 = 63.5  1 = 63.5 I = 10.0A, t = (3600 + 20  60 + 25) =
eF 2  96500 2 96500 2 2 4 4825 s, M=63.5 , F=96500 C
Ex-03 GKwU AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 32 min 10 sec hver 5.0 A¨vw¤úqvi kw³m¤úbœ we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ cwigvY wmjfvi mwÂZ n‡e? [Ag = 108]
mgvavbt w = MIT = 108  5  1930 = 108  1930 = 108  1 = 108 = 10.8 I = 5 A, t = (3260+10) = 1930 Sec
eF 1  96500 19300 10 10 M = 108 , F = 96500 C
Ex-04 0.5L AvqZ‡bi 2.0M Ni(NO3)2 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 3.7 A kw³i we`y¨r 6.0 N›Uv hver Pvjbv Kiv nq| K¨v‡_v‡W wK cwigvY wb‡Kj Rgv n‡e?
[RUET. 2007-08, DU. 2002-03]
mgvavbt w = MIt = 58.7  3.7  6  3600 = 24.3 gm

eF 2  96500 I = 9.65A, t = 1 = 63600 sec ; M = 58.7, e = 2
D. mgq msµvšÍ mgm¨v t =

meF
 MI 
Ex-01 wmjfvi bvB‡UªU `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 9.65A we`y¨r KZÿY cÖevwnZ Ki‡j 1.08g wmjfvi mwÂZ n‡e?
mgvavbt w = MIt  t = weF = 1.08  1  96500 = 10000 = 100 sec  1 min 40 sec
eF MI 108  9.65 100
Ex-02 H2SO4 Gi jNy `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 2.5 A¨vw¤úqvi kw³i we`y¨r KZÿY Pvjbv Ki‡j Av`k© ZvcgvÎvq I Pv‡c 25 mL nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm Drcbœ nq?
mgvavbt Q = enF  It = e  V  F  t = 2  0.025  96500 = 2  96500 = 965 = 86.16 sec  1 min 26 sec
22.4 22.4  2.5 22.4  100 11.2
E. e msL¨v/cigvYyi msL¨v wbY©q  = 

Q x
eF NA
Ex-01 CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 0.965 A we`y¨r 33 min 20 sec hver Pvjbv Kiv nj| Zwor Øv‡i mwÂZ Kcvi cigvYyi msL¨v wbY©q Ki|
mgvavbt  Q = x   It = x  X = 0.965  2000  6.023  1023 = 20  6.023  1023 = 1  6.023  1023 = 6.023  1021 wU cigvYy|
eF NA eF NA 2  96500 2  1000 100
F. AvqZb msµvšÍ mgm¨v n = Q = x = VSTP = VSATP

 eF NA 22.4 24.8 
Ex-01 10A we`y¨r 7 wgwbU 10.80 sec a‡i GKwU cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmW `ªe‡Yi wfZi PvwjZ Ki‡j cÖgvY DòZv I Pv‡c KZ AvqZb nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm wbM©Z n‡e?
mgvavbt It = eFn ev, It = eF  V ev, V  22.4  It I = 10A,t = (760+10.80) sec = 430.80 sec
22.4 eF v =?, e = 2
22.4  10 430.80 430.80
= = = 0.5 dm3
2  96500 2  430.80

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 04. †µvwgqvg (lll) mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 0.120 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r KZ mgq hver cÖevwnZ
Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W 1.00g †µvwgqvg mwÂZ n‡e? [DU.2011-12, RU. 2009-10]
DU A. 12 hr 53 min B. 15 hr 50 min C. 9 hr 53 min D. 13 hr 52 min
01. CuSO4 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y 0.5 A¨vw¤cqvi ZworcÖevn 10 wgwbU e¨vcx Pvjbv mwVK DËi: A. 12 hr 53 min
Ki‡j Kx cwigvY Kcvi Rgv n‡e?
e¨vL¨v: t = weF = 1.00  3  96500 = 46394 sec = 12 hr 53 min
[DU-A:2018-19]
A. 0.0987 g B. 0.0897 g MI 52  0.120
C. 0.0798 g D. 0.0789 g 05. Zzu‡Zi `ªe‡Y 1.0 N›Uv a‡i 8.0 ampere we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Ki‡j ZworØv‡i wK
mwVK DËi: A. 0.0987 g cwigvY Cu Rgv co‡e? [DU. 2010-2011]
63 .5  0.5  10  60 A. 8.475g B. 9.475g C. 10.475g D. 11.475g
e¨vL¨v: w  MIt
  0.0987 g
eF
2  96500 mwVK DËi: B. 9.475g
02. MwjZ NaCl Gi ga¨ w`‡q 1F Zwor Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W RgvK…Z Na e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  8  3600 = 9.475 g
eF 2  96500
Gi cwigvY n‡”Q- [DU-Ka.2017-18, DU.2008-09, 2004-05]
06. Kcvi mvj‡d‡Ui Rjxq `ªe‡Y 10 ampere we`y¨r 30 wgwbU a‡i Pvjbv
A. 2.3g B. 23.0g C. 46.0g D. 11.5g
Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Kx cwigvY Kcvi Rgv n‡e| [DU.2006-2007]
mwVK DËi: B. 23.0g A. 12.0g B. 6.0g C. 3.0g D. 9.0g
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  1F = 1  w  F  w = 23 g mwVK DËi: B. 6.0g
23
MIt 63.5  10  3060
03. CuSO4 `ªe‡Y 1.0 F we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j KZ †gvj Kcvi Rgv n‡e? e¨vL¨v: w = = = 5.926.0g
eF 2  96500
[DU-Ka. 2014-15]
A. 0.5 mole at cathode B. 0.5 mole at anode JnU
C. 2 mole at anode D. 2 mole at cathode 01. wmjfvi bvB‡UªU `ªeY †_‡K Zwor cÖ‡jc‡bi mvnv‡h¨ 0.5 †gvj wmjfvi Rgv
mwVK DËi: A. 0.5 mole at cathode Ki‡Z KZ †gvj B‡jKUªb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? [JnU.2007-2008]
A. 1.0 mole B. 108 mole C. 0.5 mole D. 27 mole
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  n = 1  1F = 1 = 0.5 mole
2F 2 mwVK DËi: C. 0.5 mole
†h‡nZz avZz ZvB K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv n‡e| e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbK: hZ †gvj = ZZ †gvj B‡jKUªb = 0.5 †gvj
JU 04. CuSO4 `ªe‡Y 1F PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ Kcv‡ii cwigvY-
01. 5A gvÎvi Zwor 60 wgwbU a‡i CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Pvjbv Ki‡j, [RU-C3.2017-18]
A. 80.0 g B. 26.5 g C. 31.8 g D. 63.5g
ZworØv‡i wK cwigvY Cu mwÂZ n‡e? [Cu = 63.5] [JU-D: 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: C. 31.8 g
A. 4.959 g B. 4.635 g C. 5.922 g D. 5.623 g
63.5
mwVK DËi: C. 5.922 g e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  1F =2  w  F  w = 2 = 31.75g
63.5
MIt 63.5  5  3600
e¨vL¨v: W = eF = = 5.922 g 05. AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 1 amp we`y¨r 1 wgwbU a‡i Pvjbv Ki‡j wK cwigvYy Ag
2  96500
avZz mwÂZ n‡e? [RU-H3.2017-18]
02. FeSO4 `ªe‡Y 250A we`y¨r 40 wgwbU Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ MÖvg avZz
A. 108  60  96500 g B. 60  108  96500 mg
Rgv n‡e? [JU-D,A : 2018-19, JU-D,Set-B: 2018-19]
C. 108 / 96500g D. 60  108  96500 kg
A. 0.868 B. 0.62 C. 173.61 D. 31.63
mwVK DËi: A. 108  60  96500 g
mwVK DËi: C. 173.61
W It MIt 55 .85  250  40  60 e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 108  1  60 = 0.067g
e¨vL¨v:  W   173 .62 g eF 2  96500
M eF eF 2  96500 06. GwmW wgwkÖZ cvwbi Zwor we‡køl‡Y 16.0g Aw·‡Rb M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Z
03. GKwU B‡j±ª‡bi PvR© KZ Kzj¤^? [JU-D,A : 2018-19, Awfbœ †evW© 2018]
cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi cwigvY- [RU-C3.2017-18]
A. –1.610–19 B. +1.610–19 C.–1.610–17 D. +1.610–17 A. 1 F B. 2 F C. 4 F D. 8 F
mwVK DËi: A. –1.610–19 mwVK DËi: B. 2 F
e¨vL¨v: GKwU B‡j±ª‡bi Avavb/PvR© :
e¨vL¨v: 4OH-  2H2O + O2 + 4e Q = enF= 4  16  F = 2F
96500 96500 32
e   1.602  10 19 C 07. Al 3+
+3e –
Al wewµqvq 18 MÖ v g Al avZz Drcv`‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Zwor Pv‡R©i
N A 6.023  10 23
04. NTP-‡Z H2SO4- Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y wK cwigvY Zwor Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W cwigvY KZ? [RU-C.2016-17, SUST. 2016-17]
5 †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm wegy³ nq? [JU-D1.2017-18]

A. 2F B. 1F C. 3F D. 91
A. 10 F B. 1 F C. 0.1F D. †KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi: A. 2F
w 18
mwVK DËi: A. 10 F e¨vL¨v: cÖ‡qvRbxq we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY- Q= neF= m eF=27 3F= 2F
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF = 2  5  F = 10F 08. Zzu‡Zi Rjxq `ªe‡Y 5 A¨vw¤úqvi Zwor 40 min hver Pvjbv Ki‡j
05. Fe2+ `ªeY n‡Z 56g †jvnv‡K ZworØv‡i Rgv Ki‡Z 2F Zwor jvM‡j Fe3+ K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ Kcv‡ii cwigvY KZ? [RU.2007-2008]
`ªeY n‡Z GKB cwigvY †jvnv‡K ZworØv‡i Rgv Ki‡Z wK cwigvY Zwor A. 0.0658g B. 3.948g C. 6.58g D. 6.35g
jvM‡e? [JU-A. 2016-17] mwVK DËi: B. 3.948g
A. 2F B. 4F C. 3F D. ¾ F
mwVK DËi: C. 3F e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  5  40  60 = 3.948 g
eF 2  96500
e¨vL¨v: ZworØv‡i RgvK…Z c`v‡_©i cwigvY Pv‡R©i mgvbycvwZK| 09. MwjZ CaCl2 †_‡K Zwor we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z 20.0g K¨vjwmqvg avZz
W = ZQ; WQ wb®‹vk‡b KZ d¨viv‡W we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb? [RU.2007-2008]
RU A. 0.5 B. 1.5 C. 2.0 D. 1.0

mwVK DËi: D. 1.0
01. 18 g Al K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY-
[RU. 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: Q = e  w  F = 2  20  F = 1F
A. 2.0 F B. 1.5 F C. 2.5 F D. 3.0 F M 40
mwVK DËi: A. 2.0 F 10. Zwor we‡kø lY cÖwµqvq K¨v‡_v‡W 0.39g cUvwkqvg avZz mwÂZ Ki‡Z KZ
w W  e  F 18  3  F msL¨K (N = A¨v‡fvM¨v‡Wª v msL¨v) B‡jKUªb cÖ‡qvRb? [RU.2007-08]
e¨vL¨v: M = Q .  Q = = = 2F
eF M 27 A. 100N B. N C. 200N D. N
02. wmjfvi bvB‡Uª‡Ui Rjxq `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ 30 wgwbU a‡i 0.2 A we`y¨r cÖevn 100 200
N
Pvjbv Ki‡j wK cwigvY Ag Drcbœ nq? (Ag Gi cvigvYweK fi = 108)| mwVK DËi: B.
[RU-Ka,Set-3: 2018-19] 100
A. 0.108 g B. 0.430 g C. 0.403 g D. 0.540 g e¨vL¨v: Q = enF = 1  96500  0.39 = 965 C
mwVK DËi: C. 0.403 g 39
e¨vL¨v: W  MIt

108  30  60  0.2
 0.403 g Avevi, B‡j±ª‡bi msL¨v, n = Q = x  x = 965  N  x = N
eF 1  96500 eF NA 96500 100
03. 1 †gvj B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© KZ? [RU-Ka,Set-3: 2018-19] 11. Zwor we‡kø l‡Y †h cwigvY B‡jKwUª K Pv‡R© 10.8g Ag (M 1=108) K¨v‡_v‡W
A. 1C B. 1F 23
C. 6.0210 C D. 1.6010 C–19 mwÂZ nq Zv‡Z wK cwigvY Br2 (M2=80) A¨v‡bv‡W mwÂZ n‡e?
[RU.2007-2008]
mwVK DËi: B. 1F
A. 4g B. 8g C. 16g D. 32g
e¨vL¨v: 1 wU B‡j±ª‡bi Avavb = 1.6010-19 Kzj¤^ mwVK DËi: B. 8g
1mol ev 6.0231023 wU B‡j±ª‡bi Avavb/PvR©
e¨vL¨v: AgBr2 w1 = w2  w2 = 10.8  80 = 8 g
= 6.0231023 1.60210-19 = 96488.46 Kzj¤^  96500 Kzj¤^ = 1F M1 M2 108
12. CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q 2.5 A¨vw¤úqvi gvÎvi Zwor cÖevn 60 wgwbU JUST
a‡i Pvjbv Ki‡j KZ MÖvg Kcvi mwÂZ n‡e? [RU. 2007-2008] 01. 5A we`y¨r 10 wgwbU hver CuSO4 `ªe‡Y cÖevwnZ Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W wK
A. 5.92gm B. 0.049gm C. 0.098gm D. 2.96gm cwigvY Cu mwÂZ n‡e? [JUST-A,Set-Kha 2018-19, RU. 2008-09]
mwVK DËi: D. 2.96gm A. 0.980 g B. 0.987 g C. 0.985 g D. 9.87 g
e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  2.5  60  60 = 2.96 g mwVK DËi: B. 0.987 g
eF 2  96500
13. MwjZ A¨vjywgbv (Al2O3) †_‡K Zwor we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z 50g A¨vjywgwbqvg e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  5  10  60 = 0.987 g
eF 2  96500
avZz wb®‹vkb Ki‡Z KZ Kyj¤^ we`y¨r cÖv‡qvRb n‡e? [RU. 2006-2007] 02. †µvwgqvg mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 0.0422A we`y¨r 2 N›Uv hver Pvjbv Kivi d‡j
A. 536111 C B. 436111 C C. 336111 C D. 236111 C K¨v‡_v‡W 0.055g †µvwgqvg Rgv nq, Cr Avq‡bi PvR© KZ? [JUST-C.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: A. 536111 C A. +3 B. -3 C. +2 D. -2
e¨vL¨v: Q = eFn  Q = e  F  w = 3  96500  50 = 536111 C mwVK DËi: A. +3
e¨vL¨v: e = MIt = 52  0.0422  2  3600 = 15799.68 = 2.97  3
M 27
CU wF 0.055  96500 5307.5
01. HCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y GK N›Uv hveZ 0.5 A¨vw¤úqvi gvÎvi Zwor cÖevwnZ wUªKm: Zwor we‡køl‡Y †µvwgqv‡gi PvR© me©`v +3
Ki‡j KZ †gvj H2 Drcbœ n‡e? [CU-A.2017-18]
03. 1.0 amp gvÎvi we`y¨r 30 wgwbU a‡i Zyu‡Zi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q
cÖevwnZ Kiv n‡j KZ MÖvg Kcvi mwÂZ n‡e? [JUST. 16-17; KU. 15-16]
A. 0.5  3600 B. 0.5  96500 C. 2  96500 D. 96500
A. 0.192 B. 0.392 C. 0.592 D.0.79 E. 0.292
2  96500 2  36500 0.5  3600 2  0.5  3600 mwVK DËi: C. 0.592
mwVK DËi: A. 0.5  3600
2  96500 e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  1.0  30 60 = 0.592g
eF 2  96500
It 0.5  3600
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  It = e  n  F  n = = 04. Kcvi mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 25.0 wgwbU a‡i 0.45 ampere we`y¨r Pvjbv Kiv
eF 2  96500
n‡j K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ Kcv‡ii cwigvY-
02. 9650 Kzj¤^ Zwor †Kvb AgNO3 `ªe‡Y cÖevwnZ Kiv n‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ [JUST. 2017-18, 2015-16, 2016-17, RU. 2006-2007]
MÖvg wmjfvi Rgv n‡e? [CU. 2010-2011] A. 0.222gm B. 0.123gm C. 0.321gm D. 0.156gm
A. 1.08gm B. 108.0gm C. 10.8gm D.21.6gm E. 216.0gm mwVK DËi: A. 0.222gm
mwVK DËi: C. 10.8gm
e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  0.45  25  60 = 0.222 g
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  It = e  w  F eF 2  96500
M 05. MwjZ CaCl2 n‡Z 60g Ca Rgv Ki‡Z 5A we`y¨r KZ N›Uv Pvjbv Ki‡Z
108 n‡e?
w=  9650 = 10.8 gm [JUST-A. 2016-17]
96500  1 A. 27 B. 8.3 C. 11 D. 16 E. 9.5
KU mwVK DËi: D. 16
01. Cr2(SO4)3 `ªe‡Y 0.12A we`y¨r KZ N›Uv hver cÖevwnZ Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W e¨vL¨v: t = weF = 60  2  96500 = 57900 sec = 16.08 hrs
cÖvq1MÖvg Cr mwÂZn‡e? [KU. 2009-10, BUTex. 2013-14, RU. 2009-10] MI 40  5
A. 1 B. 8 C. 13 D. 18 PSTU
mwVK DËi: C. 13 01. CuSO4 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 60 wgwbU a‡i 5A we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: t = weF = 1  3  96500 = 12.88 13 K¨v‡_v‡W wK cwigvY Cu mwÂZ n‡e? [PUST-A.2017-18]
MI 52  0.12 A. 4.02 gm B. 5.92 gm C. 6.61 gm D. 8.75 gm
IU mwVK DËi: B. 5.92 gm
01. AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 5 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r 10 wgwbU Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Ag e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.5  5  60  60 = 5.92 gm
mwÂZ n‡e- [IU-D. 2016-17]
eF 2  96500
A. 2.25 MÖvg B. 4.45 MÖvg C. 3.35 MÖvg D. 5.55 MÖvg PUST
–
mwVK DËi: C. 3.35 MÖvg 01. Al 3+
+ 3e  Al wewµqvq 9g Al Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Pv‡R©i
cwigvY KZ?
e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 108  5  10  60 = 3.35 g
[PUST. 2019-20]
eF 1  96500 A. IF B. 3F C. 9F D. 27F
mwVK DËi: A. IF
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION W 9
e¨vL¨v: Q = e. M .F = 3  27 .F = 1F
SUST
01. GKwU wÎ‡hvRx avZe (M=27) je‡Yi Rjxq `ªe‡Y 10 amp we`y¨Z 965 NSTU
†m‡KÛ hver Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ MÖvg avZz Rgv n‡e? 01. †µvwgqvg (III) mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 5.0 A Zwor KZ mgq a‡i cÖevwnZ Ki‡j
[SUST-B,2018-19] K¨v‡_v‡W 2.5 g †µvwgqvg avZz Rgv co‡e? [NSTU-A. 2019-20]
A. 0.09 B. 0.27 C. 1.35 D. 0.90 E. 2.7 A. 2783.65 S B. 2520.32 S C. 2900.45 S D. 2720.56 S
mwVK DËi: D. 0.90 mwVK DËi:
e¨vL¨v: w  MIt  27  10  965  0.9 g e¨vL¨v: w = MIt ; 2.5 = 52  5  t ;  t = 2783.65 s
eF 3  96500 eF 3  96500
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  It = VS  F
V  S  F 0.08  0.1  96500
BUET t= = = 772 s
I 1
01. wb‡Pi †KvlwU eënv‡ii c~‡e© Gi g‡a¨ 250 mL of 0.35 M CuSO4 `ªeY
02. wRsK mvj‡dU `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ 3.25 ampere we`y¨r KZÿY Pvjbv Ki‡j
wQj| ev‡j¦i †iva 50 n‡j 20 NÈv eënv‡ii ci CuSO4 `ªe‡bi NbgvÎv
4.405gm wRsK mwÂZ n‡e? [At.Wt. of Zn = 65.40]
KZ n‡e? [BUET. 2019-20]
[KUET. 2014-15, SUST. 2016-17]
A. 33.33min B. 66.66min C. 1999.91 min
Bulb
D. 99.99min E. 62.65 min
Zn rod Cu rod mwVK DËi: B. 66.66min
4.405
e¨vL¨v: Q = neF  3.25 × t = 65.4  2  96500
EZn/Zn2+ = 0.76 V
ZnSO4 CuSO4  t = 66.66 min
Solution ECu/Cu2+ = 0.34 V Solution
03. AuCl3 Gi ga¨ w`‡q 2.50 ampere we`y¨r 30 wgwbU a‡i cÖevwnZ Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: We know, V = Ecell = EZn/Zn2+ + ECu2+/Cu
K¨v‡_v‡W wK cwigvY gold Rgv n‡e? [KUET. 2011-12]
= 0.76 + 0.34 = 1.1 V
A. 9.18 g B. 0.02 g C. 0.15 g
V 1.1
V = IR  I = = A  Q = enF  It = enF D. 3.06 g E. 1.53 g
R 50
mwVK DËi: D. 3.06 g
It 1.1  20  3600
n= = mole = 8.207253886  103 mole
eF 50  2  96500 e¨vL¨v: Z = M = 197  W = 197  2.5  30  60 = 3.06 g
eF 3F 3F
CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv Kg‡e|
–3
 cwiewZ©Z NbgvÎv = 0.35  0.258.210 M = 0.31717 M RUET
0.25 01. †mvwWqvg I K¨vjwmqv‡gi cvigvYweK fi h_vµ‡g 23 I 40| NaCl I
02. 200cm2 †ÿÎd‡ji c„ôZj wewkó GKwU avZe Kv‡ci Dci 0.2mm CaCl2 Gi `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q mgvb cwigvY we`y¨r Pvjbv Kiv n‡jv| G‡Z
cyiæ‡Z¡i iƒcvi cÖ‡jc †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| iƒcvi NbZ¡ 1.05  104 kg/m3 hw` K¨v‡_v‡W 2.3 gm †mvwWqvg Rgv n‡j KZ MÖvg K¨vjwmqvg Rgv n‡e? G
12.5A we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Kiv nq Zvn‡j D³ cÖ‡jc w`‡Z avZe KvcwU‡K cÖwµqvq wK cwigvY we`y¨r Pvjbv Kiv n‡qwQj? [RUET. 2019-20]
KZÿY B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK U¨vs‡K ivL‡Z n‡e? [Ag = 107.86 g/mole] +
e¨vL¨v: NaCl `ªe‡Yi ga¨w`‡q we`y¨r cÖev‡n Na weRviY nq :
[BUET. 2018-19]
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb fi = AvqZb   Na+ + e  Na(s)
1F 23g
AvqZb = A  d = 2001040.2103=4106 m3
Avgiv Rvwb, 1F = 96500 c
fi = 4106 1.05104 = 42 g
96500  2.3
 2.3 g Na Rgv Ki‡Z we`y¨r jv‡M = = 9650 C jv‡M|
Avevi W = MIt  42 = 107.86  12.5  t 23
eF 96500  1
CaCl2 Gi K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY, Ca2+ + 2e  Ca(s)
 t = 3006.119 s = 50.1 min
03. wRsK †K¬vivBW `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q 2.25 ampere we`y¨r 30 wgwbU a‡i 2F 40g
cÖevwnZ Ki‡j wK cwigvY wRsK K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv n‡e? [wRsK Gi AvvbweK A_© v r, 2F we`y ¨ r ev (2  96500 C) we`y ¨ r Rgv nq 40 g Ca †_‡K
IRb = 65.37] [BUET: 2008-2009]  9650 C wey`¨r cÖev‡n Rgv nq = 40  9650 = 2g Ca
A. 2.74 gm B. 27.43 gm C. 1.37 gm 2  96500
D. 0.022 gm E. 0.045 gm  2g Ca Rgv n‡e I 9650 C we`y¨r Pvjbv Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv|
mwVK DËi: C. 1.37 gm 02. wmjfvi bvB‡UªU `ªe‡Y 1.2 A cÖevngvÎv 20 wgwbU a‡i Pvjbv Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  It = e . w . F K¨v‡_v‡W 106.66 gm iƒcv Rgv nq| iƒcvi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK KZ?
M [RUET. 2014-15]
w
 30  60  2.25 = 2   96500  w = 1.37 A. 74.069  10 kg/C 9
B. 74.069  10 kg/C
6
65 C. 74.069  1011 kg/C D. 74.069  1013 kg/C

04. GKwU wÎ‡hvRx avZe Avq‡bi 1.0 mole Avqb wK cwigvY we`y¨r cwienb E. 74.069  10 kg/C 6
K‡i? [BUET: 2007-2008] mwVK DËi: E. 74.069  106 kg/C

A. 385472 Kzj¤^ B. 96368 Kzj¤^ C. 192736 Kzj¤^
D. 289104 Kzj¤^ E. 578208 Kzj¤^ e¨vL¨v: w = MIt  w = ZIt  Z = w = 106.66
eF It 1.2  20  60
mwVK DËi: D. 289104 Kzj¤^ = 74.069  103 g/C = 74.069  106 kg/C
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF = 3  1  96500 = 289500 C 03. CuSO4 `ªe‡Y 2A gvÎvi we`y¨r 60 min Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W wK cwigvY
KUET Kcvi mwÂZ K‡i? (Cu = 63.54) [RUET. 2013-14]
01. 80cc 0.1M Fe2(SO4)3 `ªe‡Y 1.0amp Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ K‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c A. 2.368g B. 2.30g C. 3.268g D. 3.30g E. None
FeSO4 G weRvwiZ Ki‡Z KZ †m‡KÛ mgq jvM‡e? [KUET-2016-17] mwVK DËi: A. 2.368g
e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.54  2  60  60 = 2.37 g

A. 772 B. 7720 C. 1233 D. 1544 E. 15440
mwVK DËi: A. 772 eF 2  96500
CUET STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
01. A¨vjywgwbqvg A·vBW I µvBIjvB‡Ui MwjZ wgkª‡Y 1.0105A we`y¨r AvU N›Uv
MAT
hver Pvjbv Ki‡j KZ wK‡jvMÖvg A¨vjywgwbqvg Drcbœ n‡e? [CUET. 2015-16]
1
A. 268.6 kg B. 307.6 kg C. 9.95 kg D. 805.5 kg 01. H2 + O2  H2O GB RviY wewµqvq wK cwigvY we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb?
mwVK DËi: A. 268.6 kg 2
[MAT. 2015-16]
W It MIt 2710 83600 5
A. 19300 Kzj¤^ B. 96500 Kzj¤^ C. 48500 Kzj¤^ D. 38600 Kzj¤^
e¨vL¨v: M = eF  W = eF = = 268.6 kg
3965001000 mwVK DËi: Blank.
02. GKwU Zvgvi Zv‡ii †fZi w`‡q 15 min a‡i 0.1 mA we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v: 1 mol cvwb Drcv`‡b 2F we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb|
KZ msL¨K B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ n‡e? [CUET. 2015-16] – –
A. 4.841017 B. 8.601018 C. 2.311019 D. 5.621017 4OH  2H2O + O2 + 4e
mwVK DËi: D. 5.6210 17  Q = enF = 2  1  96500 = 193000C
e¨vL¨v: Q = It  Ne = It 02. CuSO4 Gi `ªe‡Y 15 min mg‡q hver 5A we`y¨r cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡j,
3
It 0.1  10  15  60 K¨v‡_v‡W KZ g Kcvi Rgv n‡e? [MAT.2005-2006, w`.‡ev. 2013]
N = = 19 = 5.6251017 A. 1.84 B. 1.08 C. 1.04 D. 1.48
e 1.6  10
03. 63.5 gm Cu (1.0 mol) K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ n‡Z wK cwigvY we`y¨r PvR© mwVK DËi: D. 1.48
w
e¨wqZ n‡e? [CUET. 2014-15, RUET. 2009-10] e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  It = e . .F
M
A. 96.500 C B. 1 F C. 2 F D. 3 F
w
mwVK DËi: C. 2 F  15  60  5 = 2   96500  w = 1.48
63.5 63.5
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF = 2   F = 2F
63.5 Board Ques.
BUTex 01. A+, B2+ I C3+ Avq‡bi `ªe‡Y c„_Kfv‡e 1F we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡jÑ [Xv.†ev. 2019]
01. jNy HCl `ªe‡Y 2F we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Ki‡j STP ‡Z K¨v‡_v‡W Drcbœ H2 i. 1 mol A+ PvR©gy³ n‡e
M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [BUTex-2016-17] ii. 2 mol B2+ K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv n‡e
A. 22.4L B. 24.78L C. 25L D. 28L 1
mwVK DËi: A. 22.4L iii. mol C3+ `ªeY n‡Z ZworØv‡i mwÂZ n‡e|
3
e¨vL¨v: Q = enF  2F = 2 × V × F  V = 22.4 L wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
22.4
(H2 Gi †ÿ‡Î- 2H+ + 2e– = H2) A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
02. AlCl3 `ªe‡Y KZ we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j GK †gvj Al mwÂZ n‡e? mwVK DËi: B. i I iii
[BUTex. 2014-15] e¨vL¨v: A+ + 1e–  A; 1F we`y¨r
A. 0.33F B. 1F C. 3F D. 6F B2+ + 2e–  B; 2F we`y¨r
mwVK DËi: C. 3F
C3+ + 3e–  C; 3F we`y¨r
e¨vL¨v: Q = neF  Q = 1 × 3F = 3F
 CONCEPT 10 Zwor †Kvl m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

GLvb †_‡K wZb ai‡bi cÖkœ Av‡m, (i) EMF wbY©q (ii) bvb©÷ mgxKiY Ges (iii) pH wgUvi|
 Item-01 : Zwor †Kv‡li wefe ev ZworØvi wefe ev EMF ev Ecell wbY©q
GENERAL RULES (Written) 3 in 1 TRICKS & TIPS (TnT)
G‡ÿ‡Î,
EMF = Ecell
= Eanode (ox) + Ecathode (red) Eanode (ox) = A¨v‡bv‡Wi RviY wefe
EMF = (eo gvb - †QvU gvb)
= Eanode (ox)  Ecathode (ox) Ecathode (ox) = K¨v‡_v‡Wi RviY wefe ¯^ZtùzZ© wewµqvi †ÿ‡Î e.m.f. = +ve
= Ecathode (red)  Eanode (red) Eanode (red) = A¨v‡bv‡Wi weRviY wefe Avi ¯^ZtùyZ© bv n‡j e.m.f. = –ve
Ecathode (red) = K¨v‡_v‡Wi weRviY wefe
wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©Zvi wPýt Ecell > 0 ev emf = (+ve) wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù~Z© ev m¤¢e ev NU‡e|
Ecell < 0 ev emf = (–ve) wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù~Z© bq ev Am¤¢e ev NU‡e bv|
Ecell = 0 ev emf = 0 n‡j mvg¨ve¯v AR©b Ki‡e A_©vr The cell is dead|
A. A¨v‡bvW ‡Pbvi DcvqÑ  hvi RviY wef‡ei aYvZ¥K gvb †ekx
 hvi weRviY wef‡ei FYvZ¥K gvb ‡ekx
 cvÎ‡K me©`v A¨v‡bvW ai‡Z n‡e|
mZ©Kt g‡b ivL‡e, A¨v‡bvW K¨v‡_v‡Wi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ ZvB Confusion Gov‡Z ïay GKwU g‡b ivL‡e|
B. RviY- avZz / avZe Avqb (A¨v‡bvW) †hgb- Zn/Zn2+ weRviY- avZe Avqb/avZz (K¨v‡_vW) †hgb- Ag+/Ag
C. we‡kl wbqgt mwµqZv wmwi‡R hvi Ae¯vb Dc‡i †m n‡”Q A¨v‡bvW Ges hvi Ae¯vb wb‡P ‡m n‡”Q K¨v‡_vW|
D. A¨v‡bvW †_‡K K¨v‡_vW ev K¨v‡_vW †_‡K A¨v‡bv‡W †h‡Z ïay wPý cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
ASPECT SERIES  2+ 2+
Ex-01 Co/Co I Ni/Ni Gi cÖgvY RviY wefe h_vµ‡g +0.28V I +0.25V n‡j A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW wbY©q Ki?
mgvavbt hvi RviY gvb †ekx †m A¨v‡bvW Ges hvi RviY gvb Kg †m K¨v‡_vW myZivs Co2+ (0.28) A¨v‡bvW| Ni2+ (0.25) K¨v‡_vW
Gevi Mfxi `„wó w`‡q wKQz D`vniY ch©‡eÿY Kwi,
Ex-02 Zn/Zn2+ I Ag/Ag+ Zwor Øvi `ywU Øviv MwVZ †Kv‡li EMF KZ? EZn/Zn2+ = 0.76 V, EAg/Ag+ = 0.799 V

emf = Ecell = Eanode (ox) + Ecathode (red) emf = (eo gvb – †QvU gvb)
= A¨v‡bv‡W RviY + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Zn (A¨v‡bvW) = 0.76 – (– 0.799) = 1.559V
= 0.76 + 0.799 = 1.559V Ag (K¨v‡_vW)
‡KŠkjt AsKwU Kivi †K․kj wK ai‡Z †c‡iQ? Dc‡ii †Kvl Dc¯vcbvq `ywU RviY gvb †Ìqv Av‡Q wKš‧ m~‡Îi Rb¨ GKwU‡Z RviY I Ab¨wU‡Z
weRviY n‡Z n‡e| ‡Zvgvi †Zv RvbvB Av‡Q, wRsK mwµqZv wmwi‡R Kcv‡ii A‡bK Dc‡i ZvB wRsK A¨v‡bvW Ges wmjfvi K¨v‡_vW| ZvQvov gvb
†`‡LI eySv hv‡”Q -wRs‡Ki RviY gvb †ekx d‡j wRsK A¨v‡bvW| wmjfv‡ii RviY gvb (0.799 v) myZivs weRviY gvb (+0.799 v)
Ex-03 GKwU Zwor †Kv‡l wbgœ wjwLZ wewµqvwU msNwUZ nq t Zn + 2Ag+  Zn2+ + 2Ag
Zn/Zn2+ Ges Ag/Ag+ ZworØvi Ø‡qi RviY wefe h_vµ‡g +0.799 †fvë Ges -0.7 †fvë| Zwor †KvlwUi †gvU wefe KZ MYbv Ki|

emf = Ecell = Eanode (ox) + Ecathode (red) emf = (eo gvb – †QvU gvb)
= A¨v‡bv‡W RviY + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Zn (A¨v‡bvW) = 0.799 – (– 0.7) = 1.499V
= 0.799+ 0.70 = 1.499V Ag (K¨v‡_vW)
Ex-04 wmjfvi I K¨vWwgqvg B‡jK‡UªvW Øviv MwVZ †Kvl wewµqv t ECd2+/Cd = = -0.40V Ges EAg+/Ag = 0.80V ‡KvlwUi e.m.f KZ?

EMF = Ecell = Eanode (ox) + Ecathode (red) EMF = (eo gvb - †QvU gvb)
= A¨v‡bv‡W RviY + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Cd (A¨v‡bvW) = 0.40 + 0.80 = 1.20V
= 0.40 + 0.80 = 1.20V Ag (K¨v‡_vW)
Ex-05 Kcvi I g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi †Kvl wewµqvi weRviY h_vµ‡g Cu2+/Cu = +0.34 v; Mg2+/Mg = -2.3 v, ‡Kv‡li e.m.f. KZ?

emf = Ecell = Eanode (ox) + Ecathode (red) emf = (eo gvb - †QvU gvb)
= A¨v‡bv‡W RviY + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Mg (A¨v‡bvW) = 2.30 +0.34 = 2.64V
= 2.30 +0.34 = 2.64V Cu (K¨v‡_vW)
 Item-02 : avZe cv‡Î †Kvb avZz ivLv m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v
 mvaviY wbqgt
wbqg-01t cÖ_‡g wewµqvwU NU‡e wKbv Zv wPšÍv Ki‡e| hw` N‡U, Z‡e Zv H cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e bv| Ab¨_vq ivLv hv‡e|
wbqg-02t MvwYwZK emf-Gi gvb †_‡KI wbY©q Kiv hvq-
K. hw` abvZ¥K gvb ‡Ìqv _v‡K Z‡e avZe cv‡Îi gvb †_‡K mivmwi Aci gvb we‡qvM Ki‡jB emf cvIqv hvq; avZe cvÎ‡K abvZ¥K we‡ePbv Ki‡e|
L. hw` FYvZ¥K gvb ‡Ìqv _v‡K Z‡e avZe cv‡Îi gv‡bi mv‡_ Aci gvb ‡hvM Ki‡jB emf cvIqv hvq|
wbqg-03t †UKwbK
g‡b ivLvi gRvi wbqg
 cv‡Îi avZzwU mwµqZv wmwi‡R Dc‡i _vK‡j H cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e bv|
 cv‡Îi avZzwU mwµqZv wmwi‡R wb‡P _vK‡j H cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e|
ASPECT SERIES  2+ 2+
Prob-01: wRsK ev `¯Ívi cv‡Î FeSO4 `ªeY ivLv hv‡e Kx? hyw³ `vI| GLv‡b, Zn/Zn = + 0.76V Ges Fe/Fe = 0.44
e
mgvavbt wRs‡Ki RviY wefe Avqi‡bi †P‡q †ewk; ZvB wb‡gœv³ †Kvl wewµqv NU‡e| Zn+Fe2+ 2 Zn2+ + Fe
emf = (eo gvb – †QvU gvb) = 0.76+( –) 0.44 = 0.32 V
1 bs wbqg Abymv‡i, Zn+FeSO4  wewµqvwU ¯^ZtùyZf © v‡e NU‡e| GRb¨ wRs‡Ki cv‡Î Fe2+ `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv|
2(K) Abymv‡i avZe ,cv‡Îi gvb‡K abvZ¥K a‡i Aci gvb we‡qvM Ki‡jB mivmwi emf cvIqv hvq| †hgbt
avZe cv‡Îi gvb - Aci gvb = 0.76 – 0.44 = 0.32V †gvU wef‡ei gvb abvZ¥K ZvB ¯^Ztù~Z© wewµqv NU‡e| GRb¨ wRs‡Ki cv‡Î Fe2+ `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv|
wbqg-04t †UKwbK Abymv‡i , cvÎ (wRsK) mwµqZv wmwi‡R Avqi‡bi Dc‡i ZvB H cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e bv
Prob-01: Zvgv ev Kcvi avZzi cv‡Î MgSO4 `ªeY ivLv hv‡e Kx? hyw³ `vI|
†`qv Av‡Q, Ered, Cu2+/Cu = – 0.34V; Ered, Mg2+/Mg = – 2.3V
wbqg-02(L)t emf = cv‡Îi gvb (cv‡Îi gvb me©`v abvZ¥K) + Aci gvb = 0.34  2.3 = 1.96 [emf = ve ZvB Kcv‡ii cv‡Î MgSO4 ivLv hv‡e]
wbqg-03t †UKwbK Abymv‡i, cvÎ (Zvgv) mwµqZv wmwi‡R Mg Gi wb‡P ZvB H cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e|
 Item-03 : wMe&m
& mgxKiY
01. Pt (H2, 1 atm) | HCl (soln) || CuSO4 (soln) | Cu †Kv‡li E0 Gi gvb 0.337 V n‡j G0f(Cu2+, aq) Gi gvb †ei Ki| [KUET. 2019-20]
Solve: E = EH2/H+ + ECu2+/Cu  0.337 = 0 + ECu2+/Cu  ECu2+/Cu = –0.337 V
Cu(s)  Cu2+ (aq) + 2e ; ECu/Cu2+ = 0.337 V  G Cu2+(aq) =  nFECu/Cu2+ =  2  96500  (0.337) = 65.041 kJ mol1 (Ans.)

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION JnU
2+
01. Zn/Zn (E° = +0.76v) A¨v‡bvW n‡j wb‡gœi ‡KvbwU K¨v‡_vW iƒ‡c
DU
eënvi Kiv hv‡e? [JnU. 2015-16, BSMRSTU. 2012-13]
01. H2O2 †K MnO4 Øviv RviY Kiv n‡j †Kvl wefe, Ecell wnmve Ki|
A. Mg/Mg2+ (E° = +2.36v) B. Al/Al3+ (E° = +1.66v)
Aa©-wewµqv¸‡jv nj- [DU.2013-2014] 2+
C. Ca/Ca (E° = + 2.87v) D. Co/Co2+ (E°= +0.28v)
2H++ O2 + 2e⇌ H2O2 ; E = + 0.68 V
2+
mwVK DËi: D. Co/Co (E°= +0.28v)
 e¨vL¨v: wmwi‡R Ab¨ Ackb ¸‡jvi Ae¯vb Zn Gi Dc‡i ZvB Co/Co2+ (E°=
MnO 4 + 8H++5e⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O; E =1.51 V +0.28v) K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 02. GKwU M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l msMwVZ Aa©-wewµqvØq h_vµ‡g-
A. E cell =  0.83 V B. Ecell = +0.83 V
Mg2+ +2e-  Mg E0 = – 2.37V

C. E cell =+ 0.38 V D. Ecell =+ 2.19 V Al + 3e  Al
3+ -
E0 = – 1.66V
‡KvlwUi †Kvl wefe KZ n‡e? [JnU. 2008-2009]
mwVK DËi: B. Ecell = +0.83 V A. – 0.71V B. 3.08V C. – 0.95 D.0.71V
e¨vL¨v: A¨v‡bv‡W : H2O2⇌ 2H++ O2 + 2e ; E0anode(ox)= – 0.68 V mwVK DËi: D. 0.71V
K¨v‡_v‡W: MnO 4 + 8H++5e⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O; E0anode(red)= + 1.51 V; e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, A¨v‡bv‡W RviY I K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY N‡U| myZivs †KvlwUi
wefe = – (–2.37)- 1.66 = 0.71V.
Ecell =A¨v‡bv‡W RviY gvb + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY gvb

= E0anode(ox) +E0cathode(red) = -0.68 + 1.51=+0.83 V A_ev E cell = emf =  (eo gvb - †QvU gvb) = –1.66–(–2.37) = +0.71V
‡UKwbK Abyhvqx, Ecell = emf = (eo gvb - †QvU gvb) =1.51-0.68
JU
= + 0.83V 2+ 2+
01. Zn /Zn(s) Ges Cu /Cu(s) ZworØviØ‡qi cÖgvY wefe h_vµ‡g
02. Zn2+ |Zn Ges Ag+|Ag ZworØvi `ywUi weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –0.76 V
0.35V Ges +0.12V n‡j, c~Y©‡KvlwUi cÖgvY wefe KZ? [JU. 2011-2012]
Ges +0.80 V. GB ZworØvi `ywU Øviv •Zwi †Kv‡li †gvU wefe KZ n‡e?
[DU. 12-13; RU.08-09, 09-10, JU. 09-10, MBSTU- B. 16-17, BSMRSTU.16-17;CoU.19-20] A.+0.23 V B. 0.23 V C. 0.47 V D. +0.47 V
A. –0.04 V B. +1.56 V C. +0.04 V D. –1.56 V mwVK DËi: D. +0.47 V
mwVK DËi: B. +1.56 V e¨vL¨v: emf = A¨v‡bv‡Wi RviY gvb + K¨v‡_v‡Wi weRviY gvb
e¨vL¨v: Ecell = emf = eo gvb – †QvU gvb =0.80–(–0.76)=1.56 = 0.35+0.12 = 0.47 V
03. mvaviY Ae¯’vi GKwU †fvëvwqK •e`y¨wZK †m‡ji emf n‡e-[DU. 2007-08] A_ev Ecell = emf = eo gvb – †QvU gvb = 0.12 –(–0.35) =+0.47V
[Given that Cu2+(aq)/Cu(s) = 0.34V, Zn2+(aq)/Zn(s) = –0.76V] RU
A. 1.10V B. 1.80V C. 0.42V D.0.62V
mwVK DËi: A. 1.10V 01. EFe3+|Fe2+ = 0.77 V Ges ECl2/Cl = 1.36 n‡j,
e¨vL¨v: e.m.f. = A¨v‡bv‡W RviY + K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY Pt.Cl2(g) | Cl(aq) || Fe2+(aq), Fe3+(aq) | Pt Zwor †Kv‡li cÖgvY
= 0.34 +0.76 = 1.10V
wefe- [RU-C3.2017-18, JnU. 2016-17]
A. 2.13 V B. – 2.13V C. -0.59 V D. 0.59 V
A_ev Ecell = emf = eo gvb - †QvU gvb =0.34–(–0.76)=1.10
mwVK DËi: D. 0.59 V
e¨vL¨v: E = E°(cathode) – E°(Anode) = 1.36 – 0.77 = 0.59 V STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
‡UKwbK Abyhvqx, E°cell = emf = eo gvb – †QvU gvb BUET
= 1.36 – 0.77= 0.59V
01. wRsK ‡K¬vivBW e¨vUvwi‡Z wb‡¤œi †Kvlwewµqv Øviv we`y¨r Drcbœ nq|
02. Mg(s) + 2Ag (aq)  Mg (aq) +2Ag(s) wewµqvi Zwor †KvlwUi
+ 2+
Zn(s) + Cl2(g) ZnCl2(aq) [BUET. 2018-19]
Zwor †Kvl wefe KZ? EMg2+/Mg = 2.36 V Ges EAg2+/Ag = +0.80V (i) RviY Aa© wewµqv, weRviY Aa© wewµqv wjL I cÖgvY †Kvl wefe (E0 cell)
[RU-F3.2017-18]
A. 3.037V B. 3.068V C. 3.70 V D. 3.052V
†ei Ki|
mwVK DËi: B. 3.068V e¨vL¨v: RviY Aa©wewµqvt Zn  Zn2+ + 2e–
e¨vL¨v: E0cell = E0Mg/Mg2+ + E0Ag+/Ag = +2.36 + 0.80 = +3.16 V weRviY Aa©wewµqvt Cl2 + 2e–  2Cl–
‡UKwbK Abyhvqx, Ecell = emf = eo gvb – †QvU gvb cÖgvb †Kvl wefe Eocell = E0Zn/Zn2+ + E0Cl2/Cl = 0.76 +1.36 = 2.12V
= 1.51 – 0.68 = + 0.83V (ii) cÖgvb gy³kw³i cwieZ©b (G) †ei Ki| cÖgvY weRviY wefe:
2+ 2+
03. Zn(s) | Zn (aq) || Cu (aq) | Cu(s) †Kv‡li A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_v‡Wi (iii) EZn++/Zn =  0.76 V and ECl2/Cl = 1.36 V
cÖgvY weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –0.76 V I 0.34 V| †KvlwUi mvgwMÖK e¨vL¨v: cÖgvY gy³ kw³i cwieZ©b G0 = –nFE0 = –2965002.12J
wefe- [RU-H.2016-17, RU-H. 2015-16, BSMRSTU. 2013-14, w`. †ev.2016]
= –409160J = – 409.16kJ
A.1.10V B. –1.10V C.0.42V D. –0.42V
KUET
mwVK DËi: A.1.10V
01. Zn2+Zn(-0.76V) Ges Fe2+Fe(-0.41V) ZworØviØq Øviv MwVZ
e¨vL¨v: Ecell = Eanode(ox) – {–Ecathod(ox)} = EZn/Zn2+ + EAg+/ Ag
= 0.76+0.34 = 1.10
M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li emf n‡e- [KUET-2016-17]
Clue: weRviY wefe wmwi‡R Zzjbv g~jK Dc‡i Aew¯Z ZworØviwU A¨v‡bvW I A. -1.17V B. -0.35V C. +0.35V D. 1.17V E.+1.12V
wb‡PiwU K¨v‡_vW n‡e Ges memgq A¨v‡bv‡W RviY I K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY N‡U| mwVK DËi: C. +0.35V
04. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU Zwor †Kv‡li Zn/Zn2+ Ges Fe/Fe2+ Zwor-Øvi e¨vL¨v: Zn/Zn2+Fe2+/Fe; Ecell = eo gvb – †QvU gvb
`ywUi cÖgvY RviYwefe h_vµ‡g +0.76 †fvë I +0.44 †fvë n‡j †KvlwUi = – 0.41 + 0.76 = + 0.35V
EMF KZ? [RU. 2007-08] 02. 2.0M AgNO3 Gi `ªeY wU‡bi cv‡Î Rgv ivLv nj| bx‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mZ¨?
A.+1.20V B. +0.32V C.+0.64V D.–0.32V [E for Ag+/Ag = 0.80V and E for Sn2+/Sn = –0.14V]
mwVK DËi: B. +0.32V [KUET.2013-2014]
e¨vL¨v: EMF = RviY gv‡bi cv_©K¨ ev weRviY gv‡bi cv_©K¨ A. Eocell  0.94V B. Eocell  0.94V C. Eocell  0.66V
= emf = eo gvb – †QvU gvb = 0.76 – 0.44 = 0.32 V D. 2.0M AgNO3 `ªeY wU‡bi cv‡Î ivLv m¤¢e
E. 2.0M AgNO3 `ªeY wU‡bi cv‡Î ivLv m¤¢e bv
KU
01. GKwU Zvgvi cv‡Î MgSO4 `ªeY ivLv hv‡e wK? †Ìqv Av‡Q, E0Cu2+/Cu=
mwVK DËi: E. 2.0M AgNO3 `ªeY wU‡bi cv‡Î ivLv m¤¢e bv
0.34 V Ges E0Mg2+/Mg= – 0.23 V. [KU. 2014-15, Xv.‡ev. 2013] e¨vL¨v: Ecell  E Anodeox   ECathodered   0.14  0.8  0.94V
A. ivLv hv‡e bv B. ivLv hv‡e ‡h‡nZz Sn A¨v‡bvW eënvi K‡i †mjwefe abvZ¥K ZvB; 2M AgNO 3
C. kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ ivLv hv‡e D. †KvbwUB bq `ªeY wU‡bi cv‡Î ivLv m¤¢e bq|
mwVK DËi: B. ivLv hv‡e A_ev, Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z cvÎwU Dc‡i Aew¯Z n‡j `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv
e¨vL¨v: Cu + MgSO4 No Reaction; ZvB Zvgvi cv‡Î ivLv hv‡e| Ges wb‡Pi Aew¯Z n‡j ivLv hv‡e| ZvB 2.0M AgNO3 `ªeY wU|
weKí mgvavb : E°cell = E°Cu/Cu2+ + E°Mg2+/Mg = – 0.34–0.23 = –0.57
‡h‡nZz (-) ZvB ivLv hv‡e| STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
Board Ques.
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION 01. An+(aq) + B(s)  A(s) + Bn+(aq); GB †Kvl wewµqvi Av‡jv‡K bvb©ó
JUST mgxKiY †KvbwU? [mKj.†ev. 2019]
01. wmjfvi‡K Cu(NO3)2 `ªe‡Y ivL‡j wK N‡U? [JUST-2018-19] RT [An+]
C. AgNO3 D. †Kvb wewµqv nq bv A. Ecell = Ecell – ln
A. Cu B. Ag nF [Bn+]
mwVK DËi: D. †Kvb wewµqv nq bv RT [Bn+]
B. Ecell = Ecell – ln
e¨vL¨v: Ag Gi Ae¯vb Cu Gi wb‡P e‡j †Kvb wewµqv nq bv| nF [An+]
2.303 RT [An+]
BSMRSTU C. Ecell = Ecell – log n+
F [B ]
01. mvaviY Ae¯’vq GKwU †fvëvwqK •e`y¨wZK †m‡ji emf KZ? 2.303 RT [Bn+]
[BMSTU. B. 2016-17] D. Ecell = Ecell – log n+
F [A ]
A. 1.10 V B. 1.80 V C. 0.82 V D. 0.62 V
mwVK DËi: A. 1.10 V mwVK DËi: B
ASPECT nvBjvBUm& [†kl gyn~‡Z©i cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ Awfbe mv‡Rkbm&]

∎ wPiKzU evsjv ∎ ASPECT Bs‡iwR ∎ ASPECT GK ∎ ASPECT c`v_©
∎ ASPECT imvqb ∎ ASPECT MwYZ ∎ ASPECT RxeweÁvb ∎ mv¤úªwZK †bUIqvK©
†jLKe„‡›ì wfwWI †jKPvi †c‡Z mve¯ŒvBe K‡iv... Education Network (Youtube); fb/group: academic & admission blog
 Item-01 : bvb©÷ mgxKiY

bvb©÷ mgxKiY †_‡K `yB ai‡bi cÖkœ Av‡m| h_v- (i) ‡Kv‡li wefe ev Ecell ev emf wbY©q (ii) bvb©‡÷i m~Î n‡Z pH wbY©q|
 Sub Item-01 : bvb©÷ mgxKiY †_‡K †Kv‡li wefe wbY©q-
bvb©÷ mgxKiY 3 in 1 hv wb‡`©k K‡i

x
Ecell = Ecell 
RT
lnQ Q = [Drcv` Avqb] y Ecell = cÖgvY †Kvl wefe
nF  [wewµqK Avqb]  R = †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK (Fixed, SI GKK, R = 8.316 J
0.0592 [A¨v‡bvW] K1 mol1)
= Ecell  log [K¨v‡_vW] T = K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎv (Fixed, SI GKK, T = 298 K)
n
[Drcv` Avq‡bi NbgvÎv] F = 96500 C (Fixed gvb)
2.303 RT
=Ecell = Ecell  log [wewµqK Avq‡bi NbgvÎv] n = ¯vbvšÍwiZ B‡jKUªb msL¨v
nF
2.303 RT [A¨v‡bvW]
= Ecell  log [K¨v‡_vW]
nF
bvb©÷ mgxKiYwU Abv`k© Ae¯vq A_©vr T = 25C, NbgvÎv = 1M, M¨v‡mi Pvc = 1 atm bv n‡j eënvi Kiv nq|
Abv`k© †Kv‡li wefe (Ecell), Av`k©‡Kvl wefe (E) †_‡K eo n‡e, †QvU n‡e bvwK mgvb n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i †h‡Kvb gyn~‡Z©i wewµqv aªæeK Q Gi Dci|
Ex-01 25C ZvcgvÎvq wb‡Pi †KvlwUi †Kvl wefe MYbv Ki| Ni(s)/Ni2+ (0.1 M) || Ag+ (0.2 M)/Ag(s)
†`qv Av‡Q, ENi2+/Ni = 0.25 V; EAg+/Ag = +0.80 V
2.303 RT [A¨v‡bvW] 0.0592 [A¨v‡bvW]
Ecell = Ecell  log [K¨v‡_vW] Ecell = Ecell + log [K¨v‡_vW]
nF n
2.303 RT [Ni2+] 0.0592 0.1
=  (eo gvb  †QvU gvb)  log = (eo gvb  †QvU gvb)  log
nF [Ag+]2 2 0.22
= 0.80 + 0.25  2.303  8.31  298 log 0.12 = (0.80 + 0.25)  0.0296  (0.3979)
2  96500 0.2 = 1.062 V
= 1.05  (0.0296)  (0.3979) = 1.062 V
 Sub Item-02 : bvb©÷ m~Î n‡Z pH ev NbgvÎv wbY©q-

Ecell = 0.0592 pH
Ex-01 27C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU ZworØv‡i 0.02 mol dm3 Gi `ªeY eënvi Kiv nj| ZworØviwUi RviY wefe wbY©q Ki| [BUET. 2012-13]
mgvavbt Ecell = 0.0592 pH = 0.0592 [log 0.02] = 0.1005 V (Ans.)

Ex-02 25C ZvcgvÎvq wbwg©Z GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm ZworØv‡ii RviY wefe 0.0592 V| ZworØv‡i eëüZ Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv KZ?
mgvavbt EH2/H+ = 0.0592 pH  pH = 0.0592 = 1  [H+] = 10 = 101 = 0.1 M (Ans.)

pH
0.0592

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 02. Sn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq)  Sn2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s) wewµqvwUi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi
DU †Kvb&wU †Kv‡l voltage e„w× Ki‡e? [DU. 2012-2013]
A. increase in the size of silver rod
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU M¨vjfvwbK †mj Zn(s)/Zn2+ (aq)||Cu2+(aq) /Cu(s)
B. increase in the concentration of Sn2+ ions
Gi wefe evovq? [DU,Unit-A:2018-19]
C. increase in the concentration of Ag+ ions
A. increase in [Zn2+] B. increase in [Cu2+]
D. increase in the size of tin rod
C. increase in [Zn2+] and [Cu2+] equally
2+
D. increase in [Zn ] and decrease in [Cu ] 2+ mwVK DËi: C. increase in the concentration of Ag+ ions
mwVK DËi: B. increase in [Cu2+] 0 0.059 [Sn2+(aq)]
e¨vL¨v: bvb© ÷ mgxKiY g‡Z, E = E – log
[Zn2+]
cell cell
2 [Ag+(aq)]2
2.303 RT
e¨vL¨v: Ecell = Ecell  log [Cu2+] mgxKiY †_‡K eySv hvq †h, [Ag+] Gi NbgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j †Kv‡li Ecell ev
nF
Zn2+ n«vm ev Cu2+ e„w× †c‡j Ecell e„w× cv‡e Voltage e„w× cv‡e|
ASPECT SERIES  0
JU 02. 25 C ZvcgvÎvq wb‡¤œv³ †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej KZ? [KUET. 2015-16]
01. wb‡Pi †KvlwUi Zwor cÖevn ej (EMF) MYbv Ki- [JU. 2010-2011] Zn | Zn2+(0.1M) || Ag+(1M) |Ag(s)
Fe/Fe2+(0.3M)/Sn2+(0.1M)/Sn 0
Ag [ E Zn / Zn 2 = 0.76V E 0Ag / Ag  = – 0.80V]

E Fe / Fe2  0.44V , ESn / Sn2  0.14V A. 1.2895 V B. 1.3895 V C. 1.4895V
A. 0.300 V B. 0.581 V D. 1.6895 V E. 1.5895 V
C. 0.566 V D. 0.283V mwVK DËi: E. 1.5895 V
mwVK DËi: C. 0.566 V
[Zn2+]
[A¨v‡bvW] e¨vL¨v: bvb©÷ mgxKiY †_‡K- Ecell = Ecell  0.0592 log [Ag+]2
e¨vL¨v: bvb©÷ mgxKiY †_‡K- Ecell = Ecell  0.0592 log [K¨v‡_vW] n
n 0.1
0.0592
0.0592 0.3 = 0.76 + 0.80 – log = 1.589 V
= 0.44 + 0.14 – log = 0.566 V 2 1
2 0.1
03. 30ºC ZvcgvÎvq wb‡gœv³ ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li Zwor PvjK ej KZ?
02. GKwU †m‡ji Av`k© emf Gi gvb 0.91 V| †mjwUi Zn/Zn2+
[KUET. 2014-15]
B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi Av`k© emf Gi gvb: [JU. 2009-10] Pb|Pb 2+
(1.0M)||H +
(0.4M)||H 2 (atm)|pt
Zn(s) | Zn2+ (aq) || H– , H2(aq) | pt (s)
[‡Ìqv Av‡Q: E Pb2 / Pb  0.14 V ]
o
A. 0.91 V B. –0.91 V
C. 0.09 V D. –0.09 V A. 0.1165V B. 0.1170V C. 0.1155V
mwVK DËi: B. -0.91 V D. 0.1161V E. 0.1175V
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© †Kv‡li †ÿ‡Î H+ Avq‡bi wefe ‘0’ mwVK DËi: D. 0.1161V
 Ecell = Ecathode – Eanode = 0 – 0.91 = – 0.91V RT [Pb 2 ]
e¨vL¨v: E cell  E ocell  ln  2
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION nF [H ] PH
2
NSTU 8.31  302 1
01. Zn  Zn2 + 2e, E = +0.76 Volt, = +.14 + 0 – .ln = 0.1161V
2  96500 (0.4)2  1
Fe2+ + 2e  Fe, E = +0.44 Volt
Dc‡iv³ wewµqvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK? [NUST. 2012-13] 04. MgSO4 `ªeY GKwU Kcv‡ii cv‡Î Rgv ivLv nj| [ECu2+/Cu = 0.34 V
A. `¯Ívi cv‡Î Fe2+ Gi `ªeY ivLv hv‡e
Ges EMg2+/Mg = 2.3 V]| GgZve¯’vq bx‡Pi †Kvb weeiYwU mZ¨?
B. `¯Ívi msKi cv‡Î Fe2+ Gi `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv [KUET. 2011-12]
C. ‡jvnvi I `¯Ívi msKi cv‡Î Fe2+ Gi `ªeY ivLv n‡e A. Kcvi ÿq cÖvß n‡e B. g¨vM‡bwmqvg Rgv co‡e
D. `¯Ívi cv‡Î Fe2+ Gi `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv C. Kcvi RvwiZ n‡e D. Mg2+ weRvwiZ n‡e
mwVK DËi: D. `¯Ívi cv‡Î Fe2+ Gi `ªeY ivLv hv‡e bv E. Mg2+ weRvwiZ n‡e bv
e¨vL¨v: Zn + Fe2+  Zn2+ + Fe mwVK DËi: E. Mg2+ weRvwiZ n‡e bv
 Fcell = Eox + Ered = 0.76  0.44 = 0.32
e¨vL¨v: Ecell = EMg2+/mg + ECu/Cu2+ = (2.3  0.34) V = 2.64 V
 wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e NU‡e|
05. 27C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU ZworØv‡i 0.02 M HCl Gi `ªeY eënvi Kiv
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION n‡jv| ZworØviwUi RviY wefe MYbv Ki| [KUET. 2010-11]
KUET A. 0.1773 volt B. 0.0591 volt C. 0.78 volt
01. wb‡Pi wZbwU M¨vjfvwbK †m‡ji emf Gi gvb h_vµ‡g E1, E2 I E3 D. 0.052 volt E. 0.1 volt
[KUET. 2018-19]
mwVK DËi: E. 0.1 volt
(i) Zn|Zn2+ (1M)||C2+(0.1M)Cu|
(ii) Zn|Zn2+ (1M)||C2+(1M)Cu| e¨vL¨v:  = 0.0591 pH = 0.0591  {log(0.02)} = 0.1 volt
(iii) Zn|Zn2+ (0.1M)||C2+(1M)Cu|
Zvn‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? CUET
A. E1  E 2  E 3 B. E3  E 2  E1 C. E 2  E3  E1 01. wb‡Pi †KvlwUi EMF KZ? [CUET. 2015-16]
D. E3  E1  E 2 E. E 2  E1  E 3 ZnZn2+ (0.001M)Ag+(0.1M)Ag E0cell  1.56V  
mwVK DËi: B. E3  E 2  E1 A. 1.59 V B. 1.46 V
e¨vL¨v: †Kvl wewµqv: Zn + Cu2+  Zn2+ + Cu C. 1.61 V D. 1.10 V
DcwiD³ wewµqvi †ÿ‡Î, bvb©÷ mgxKiY n‡jv, mwVK DËi: A.1.59 V
2.303 RT
Ecell = Ecell –
[Zn2+] 0.0591 [Ag  ]2 0.0591 0.001
2F
log
[Cu2+] e¨vL¨v: Ecell = E 0cell – n log 2
= 1.56 –
2
log
(0.1)2
= 1.59 V
2+ [Zn ]
Cu Avq‡bi NbgvÎv hZ evo‡e emf Gi gvb ZZ evo‡e|
ASPECT nvBjvBUm& [†kl gyn~‡Z©i cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ Awfbe mv‡Rkbm&]

∎ ASPECT evsjv ∎ ASPECT Bs‡iwR ∎ ASPECT GK ∎ ASPECT c`v_©
∎ ASPECT imvqb ∎ ASPECT MwYZ ∎ ASPECT RxeweÁvb
mKj cvVëB‡qi cÖkœ  NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS  e¨vL¨vmn mgvavb
 nvRvix  bvM  11. Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl m¤úwK©Z Z_¨¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc t

i. ivmvqwbK kw³ Zwor kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi
01. wPwb I Møy‡KvR n‡jv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? ii. A¨v‡bvW abvZ¥K
A. Zwor we‡køl¨ B. B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx iii. A¨v‡bvW †_‡K gy³ B‡j±ªb eZ©bx‡Z cÖevwnZ nq
C. Zwor Awe‡køl¨ D. AavZe cwievnx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans C Wh y wPwb I Mø ‡
y KvR n‡jv •Re †h․M hv AavZz Øviv MwVZ Avi A. i I ii B. i I iii
AavZzi †h․M n‡jv Zwor Awe‡køl¨| GQvovI A¨vj‡Kvnj Ges Zij
C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
nvB‡WªvKve©bmg~n Zwor Awe‡køl¨|
Ans B Wh y A¨v‡bvW FYvZ¥K| my Zivs (ii) Z_¨wU f~j A_v©r DËi n‡e
02. †mwgKÛv±iiƒ‡c †Kvb †gŠjwU eëüZ nq? [Xv.‡ev. 2017]
Ackb B
A. Cu B. Al C. Zn D. Ge
Ans D Why ‡mwgKÛv±i ev Aa©cwievnx c`v_© n‡”Q Si, Ge Gme 12. d¨viv‡Wi m~Î †Kvb cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e? [h. †ev. 2016]
Aa©avZz ev †gUvj‡qW| i. B‡j±ªbxq cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î
03. Zn Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ KZ? [w`.‡ev. 2017] ii. Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î
A. 3.388  10 gC4 1 4
B. 3.30  10 gC 1 iii. MwjZ A¨vjywgbv
4 1 4 1
C. 3.29  10 gC D. 3.22  10 gC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans A Why Z =
M
=
65.4 4
= 3.388  10 gC 1 A. ii B. i I iii
eF 2  96500 C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
04. Ag Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ KZ? Ans C Why d¨viv‡Wi m~Î B‡jKUªbxq cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvRb¨ bq|
A. 1.0118  103 gC1 B. 1.1181  103 gC1 Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi]
3 1 4 1
C. 1.128  10 gC D. 1.128  10 gC
13. 2H2(g)+Cu2+(aq)2H+(aq)+Cu(s) Ecell = 0.34V
M 108
Ans B Why Z = = = 1.1181  103 gC1 †KvlwUi A¨v‡bv‡Wi RviY wewµqv †KvbwU? [e.‡ev. 2015]
eF 1  96500
A. 2H+ + 2e-  H2 B. 2H  2H++2e–
05. wb‡Pi †Kvb ZworØvi RviY cÖwµqv †evSvq? [h.‡ev. 2013]
C. Cu  Cu2+ – 2e– D. Cu2++2e-  Cu
A. Zn2+/ Zn B. Zn/ Zn2+ C. Cu2+/Cu D. H+/H2, pt
2+
Ans B Why Zn/ Zn n‡Z †evSv hvq Zn avZz `yBwU e Z¨vM K‡i
– Ans B Why ‡h wewµqvq †Kvb †g․j ev cigvYy B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i
2+
Zn G cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| A_v©r RviY N‡U‡Q| abvZ¥K Avq‡b cwiYZ nq Zv‡K RviY wewµqv e‡j| myZivs DÏxcK
06. wb‡Pi †Kvb ZworØvi weRviY cÖwµqv †evSvq? Abymv‡i nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi RviY N‡U‡Q| A_v©r DËi Ackb B
A. Fe/ Fe2+ B. Cu2+/Cu C. Zn/Zn2+ D. Pt. H2 /H+
2+
Ans B Why Cu /Cu n‡Z †evSv hvq Kcvi Avqb 2wU e MÖnY K‡i
–  Kexi  iweDj 
Cu avZz‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q A_v©r weRviY N‡U‡Q|
01. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU ev †Kvb †KvlwU RviY wm‡÷g?
07. A¨v‡bvWiƒcx Zn/Zn2+ (E0 = + 0.76 V) Gi mv‡_ wb‡P †KvbwU‡K
A. Zn/Zn2+ B. Cu2+/Cu
K¨v‡_vWiƒ‡c eënvi Kiv hv‡e? -
C. 2Cl /Cl2 D. Cl2/2Cl-
A. Co/Co2+ (E = +0.28) B. Mg/Mg2+(E0 = 2.36) Ans A Why RviY wm‡÷g‡K avZz/avZzi Avqb ev avZzi jeY AvKv‡i
2+ 0
C. Ca/Ca (E = +2.87) D. Al3+/Al (E0=-1.66)
– cÖKvk Kiv nq| AavZzi †ÿ‡Î AavZz/AavZe Avqb, wbw®…q ms‡hvM|
Ans A Why A¨v‡bvW Zn avZy| A_v©r Zn avZz n‡Z e `ªe‡Y Avm‡e|
Zvn‡j K¨v‡_vW‡K Aek¨B Zn Gi mwµqZv µ‡gi wb‡Pi †Kvb †g․j n‡Z  Ackb A mwVK
–
n‡e| Zn Gi mwµqZvµ‡gi Dc‡ii ‡g․j n‡j e Qvovi cÖeYZv Zn 02. Pt, H2/H+ (E0 = 0.0V) Gi m‡½ A¨v‡bvW wnmv‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU?
A‡cÿv ‡ewk _vK‡e A_©vr ‡g․jwU A¨v‡bvW iƒ‡c KvR K‡i| A. Zn2+/Zn E0 = -0.76 V B. Ag+/Ag E0 = 0.80 V
2+ 0
Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Co| C. Cu /Cu E = +0.34 V D. Fe2+/Fe E0 = -0.44 V
08. A, B, C, D avZzmg~‡ni cÖgvY weRviY wefe n‡jv h_vµ‡g – 3.05 V, - Ans A Why Ackb B I C DËi n‡Z cv‡i bv| Kvib Cu Ges Ag
1.66 V, 0.40 V I 0.80 V | G‡ì †KvbwU AwaK mej weRviK n‡e? mwµqZv wmwi‡R H+/H2, Pt Gi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i| A Ges D `y‡UvB
A. A B. B C. C D. D H /H2,pt Gi Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i| wKš‧ Fe2+ A‡cÿv Zn2+ Gi RviY
+
–
Ans A Why mej weRvi‡Ki e eR©b Kivi cÖeYZv †ewk| A_©vr wefe ‡ewk nIqvq Ackb A A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|
mejweRvi‡Ki RviY wef‡ei gvb †ewk n‡e Ges weRviY wef‡ei gvb Kg n‡e| 03. Zn/Zn2+ (E0 = +0.76 V) Gi m‡½ wb‡¤œi †KvbwU‡K K¨v‡_vW wnmv‡e
09. Zn I Ag ZworØv‡ii RviY wefe h_vµ‡g +0.76 V I -0.80V Z‡e; wbe©vPb Kiv hvq?
Zn/Zn2+| Ag+/Ag †Kv‡li emf n‡e †KvbwU? A. Mg/Mg2+ E0 = +2.37 V B. Fe/Fe2+ E0 = 0.44 V
A. – 1.56 V B. – 0.04 V C. + 0.04 V D. 1.56 V 2+ 0
C. Na/Na E = +0.71 V D. Pt. H2(g)/H+(aq) E0 = -0.0 V
Ans D Why eo gvb Ñ †QvU gvb = 0.76–(–0.80) Ans B, D Why Dc‡ii e¨vL¨v|
= +0.76+0.80 = + 1.56V 04. wb‡¤œi †Kvb wm‡÷gwU †mj wnmv‡e Kvh©Ki?
10. Pt, H2/H+ Aa©‡KvlwU Kx cÖKv‡ii Aa©‡Kvl n‡e? [Xv. †ev. 2016] A. Zn/Zn2+ || Cu2+/Cu E0 = 1.10 V
A. AavZe Aa©‡Kvl B. M¨vm Aa©‡Kvl B. Fe/Fe2+ || Zn2+/Zn E0 = -0.33 V
C. RviY Aa©‡Kvl D. RviY-weRviY Aa©‡Kvl C. Cu/Cu2+ || Zn2+/Zn E0 = -1.10 V
+
Ans B Why Pt, H2/H Aa©‡KvlwU M¨vm Aa©‡Kvl| [Ref: Rqbvj m¨vi] D. Zn/Zn2+ || Fe2+/Fe E0 = +0.33 V
Ans A, D Why B I C ‡Z mvgwMÖK wefe FYvZ¥K nIqvq A¯^Ztù~Z© (2) DwjøwLZ †KvlwU‡ZÑ
wewµqvi Rb¨ †mj `yBwU m¤¢e bq| i. Zwor cÖevn A¨v‡bvW †_‡K K¨v‡_v‡Wi w`‡K N‡U
D. Zn2+/Zn Gi E° = –0.76 ii. B‡jKUªb K¨v‡_vW †_‡K A¨v‡bv‡Wi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq
Fe2+/Fe Gi E° = –0.44 iii. G †KvlwU wiPv‡R©ej bq
‡Kv‡li me©‡gvU EMF = –0.44–(–0.76)= + 0.32V cÖvq (+0.33V) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
A. Zn2+/Zn Gi E° = –0.76 –
Ans B Why dz‡qj ‡m‡j A¨v‡bvW wegy³ e cÖevnB Zwor cÖevn m„wó K‡i
Cu2+/Cu Gi E° = +0.34 e– A¨v‡bvW n‡Z K¨v‡_v‡W cÖevwnZ nq| dz‡qj †mj‡K wiPvR© Kiv m¤¢e bq|
‡h‡nZz mwµqZvi wmwi‡R Zn2+ Gi wVK wb‡PB Fe2+ Gi Ae¯vb, ‡m‡nZz Ackb B
Fe2+ Gi e– MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv Kg _vK‡e| ZvB D Am¤¢e| 09. 1.0 †gvj Al3+ †_‡K Al Drcv`‡b Kx cwigvY ZworPvR© cÖ‡qvRb?
EMF = +0.34 – (–0.76) = 1.10V A. 1.0F B. 2.0F C. 3.0F D. 1.5F
05. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Kvb avZz¸‡jv GwmW †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i? Ans C Why Al + 3e  Al we`y¨r 3F
3+ - 3+
A. Zn2+/Zn E0= 0.76V B. Fe2+/Fe E0= 0.44 V  1mol Al = 3F

2+ 0
C. Cu /Cu E = -0.34 V D. Au/Au3+ E0 = 0.80 10. 1.0 †gvj cvwbi Zwor we‡kølY Øviv O2 Drcv`b Ki‡Z A¤øvwqZ cvwb‡Z Kx
Ans A Why 02 bs Gi e¨vL¨v| Ackb A I B cwigvY ZworPvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z nq?
06. E Cu / Cu 2  0.34 V Ges E Fe / Fe 2  0.44 V n‡j wb‡¤œi †KvbwU mwVK?
0 0 A. 1.0F B. 2.0F C. 1.5F D. 0.5F
A. Zvgvi cv‡Î FeSO4 `ªeY ivLv hvq Ans B Why 2H2O2H2 + O2
B. Zvgvi cv‡Î FeSO4 `ªeY enb Kiv hvq bv 1molO2
1F =  1mol O2 = 2.0F
2
C. †j․n cv‡Î Zuy‡Zi `ªeY enb Kiv hvq
11. ENa+/Na =  2.71 v, EK+/K =  2.93 v n‡j †KvbwU AwaK kw³kvjx
0 0
D. Cu/ Cu2+ || Fe2+/ Fe Kvh©Ki †mj
weRviK?
Ans A Why mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu Gi Dci Fe Gi Ae¯vb| ZvB Cu
A. Na B. K C. DfqB D. weRviK bq Ans B
A‡cÿv Fe Gi e– Qvovi cÖeYZv ‡ewk| ZvB Fe A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR 12. B‡jKUªbxq Zwor cwievnx †KvbwU?
Ki‡j wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z© nq| hw` Avqib Gi cv‡Î CuSO4 ivLv nq Zvn‡j A. FeSO4 `ªeY B. NaCl (MwjZ) C. Cu D. Fe
cvÎwU A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cvÎwU ÿqcÖvß n‡e| ZvB Zvgvi cv‡Î Ans C Why me avZz I MÖvdvBU B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx|
FeSO4 ivL‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j Cu cvÎ A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e bv| Ackb C & D
07. wb‡Pi wewµqv jÿ Ki| Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g), E0cell 13. B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK Zwor cwievnx †KvbwU?
= +0.76V A. FeSO4(aq) B. Fe C. Cu D. NaCl (MwjZ)
i. wewµqvwU GKwU wØ-cÖwZ¯vcb wewµqv Ans AD Why cÖvq mKj jeY B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK cwievnx|
ii. G wewµqv GKwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv  Ans: A I D
iii. ‡h eë¯vcbvq wewµqvwU N‡U Zv GKwU M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki 14. wb‡gœi †KvbwU Zxeª Zworwe‡køl¨?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A. NaCl (MwjZ) B. NH4OH C. CH3COOH D. HCl (MwjZ)
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans AD Why mKj jeY, Zxeª GwmW I Zxeª ÿvi, Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨|
+ 2+
Ans C Why H mwµqZv wmwi‡R Zn Gi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i| ZvB Zn Ackb  A I D|
+
cigvYy H cÖwZ¯vwcZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI H Gi c‡ÿ Zn cÖwZ¯vwcZ Kiv 2+ 15. g„ ` y Zworwe‡kø l¨ wPwýZ KiÑ
A. H2S B. HCl C. Na2SO4 D. CH3COOH
m¤¢e bq| myZivs wewµqvwU wØcÖwZ¯vwcZ bq| Ackb C Ans D Why g„`y GwmW I ÿvi g„`y Zwor we‡køl¨| CH3COOH GKwU
08. wPÎwU jÿ Ki| G †cÖwÿ‡Z (1) Ges (2) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| ‣Re GwmW| Avi •Re GwmW mg~n A‣Re GwmW †_‡K `ye©j nq|
 Ackb D
16. 1.0F Zwor PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v_© †_‡K wØ‡hvRx †gŠ‡ji
KZwU cigvYy ZworØv‡i mwÂZ nq?
A. 6.0231023 B. 3.01151023 C. 10.0461023 D. 1.20461024
23
Ans B Why wØ‡hvRx †g․‡j 2F Øviv mwÂZ nq 6.02310 wU cigvYy
23
6.02310
wØ‡hvRx †g․‡j 1F Øviv mwÂZ nq 2
wU cigvYy
23
= 3.011510 wU cigvYy
17. Zworwe‡køl¨ bq †KvbwU?
(1) G wPÎwUÑ A. cvwb B. CuSO4 C. Na D. H2SO4
A. GKwU M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl B. GKwU Zwor we‡kølY †Kvl Ans C Why Na avZz B‡jKUªbxq/avZe cwievnx| cvwb I †mvwWqvg
DfqB DËi|
C. GKwU dz‡qj †mj D. wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi
18. 30s mg‡qi Rb¨ 5.0A Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i g‡a¨
Ans C Why ‡mjwU‡Z A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e Ni AveiYhy³ mw”Q`ª MÖvdvBU cÖevwnZ Zwor PvR© KZ?
K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e Ni I NiO AveiYhy³ mwQ`ª MÖvdvBU B‡jK‡UªvjvBU A. 6.0 Kzj¤^ B. 150 Kzj¤^ C. 95.52 Kzj¤^ D. 85 Kzj¤^
wn‡m‡e KOH `ªe‡Y Dcw¯Z| GwU dz‡qj ‡mj| Ackb  C Ans B Why Q = It = 305 = 150C
19. Mvwo‡Z eëüZ †jW mÂqK †Kv‡l gv‡S gv‡S cvwb †`qv nq ‡Kb? 02. avZzi `ªeY Pvc `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc A‡cÿv eo n‡j-
A. †mj kxZ ivLvi Rb¨ B. gqjv cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ i. avZz KZ…©K B‡jKUª‡bi `vb NU‡e|
C. H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ mwVK ivLvi Rb¨ ii. `ªe‡Y avZe Avq‡bi weRviY NU‡e|
D. `ªe‡Yi pH mwVK ivLvi Rb¨ iii. avZzwUi RviY NU‡e|
Ans C Why e¨vUvix hLb we`y¨rMÖ¯ nq ZLb H2SO4 wgwkªZ cvwb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1 A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
we‡køwlZ nq [H2O  H2 + 2 O2] G‡Z H2 I O2 wbM©g‡bi d‡j e¨vUvixi
Ans D Why avZzi ZworØvi wefe = avZzi `ªeY Pvc- `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK
cvwb Kg‡Z _v‡K| ZvB gv‡S g‡a¨B e¨vUvix‡Z weï× cvwb †hvM K‡i Pvc, wef‡ei gvb hZ evo‡e A_©vr hZ ‡ewk abvZ¥K n‡e avZzi avZe Avqb
H2SO4 `ªe‡Yi NbZ¡ 1.2 G wVK ivL‡Z nq| wn‡m‡e `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z nIqvi cÖeYZv Z‡Zv ‡e‡o hv‡e| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi]
20. wKQzw`b eënvi Ki‡j WªvB‡mj e¨vUvix †_‡K GK ai‡bi Zij c`v_© 03. d¨viv‡Wi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq bv-
†ewi‡q Av‡m †Kb? A. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wewfbœ n‡j
A. evqy‡Z Gi cvÎ ÿq nq e‡j B. `ªe‡Yi ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j
B. e¨vUvixi A¨v‡bvW RvwiZ nq e‡j
C. `ªe‡Yi †ÿ‡Î GKB †g․‡ji wewfbœ AvqwbK Ae¯v
C. †fZ‡i †Kvb GwmW Drcbœ n‡q †mj cvÎ ÿq nq e‡j
D. GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK RviY-weRviY NU‡j|
D. e¨vUvixi `¯Ívi cvÎwU Lye nvjKv e‡j Ans B
Ans D Why
21. ‡jW mÂvqK †Kvl †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev. 2017]
2+
A. Pb/Pb ||Cu /Cu2+  d¨viv‡Wi m~Î B‡jKUªbxq cwievnxZvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
B. Pb/PbSO4(s)/H2SO4 (Rjxq)/PbO2(s), Pb  Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j ‡Kv‡bviƒc ivmvqwbK wewµqv msNwUZ nq bv|
C. Zn/Zn2+||Pb2+/Pb D. Pb/Pb2+ || H+/H2, Pt G‡ÿ‡ÎI G m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
Ans B Why †jW †÷v‡iR †mj Gi `ywU ZworØviB †jW (mxmvi) cv‡Zi  Zwor we‡kø‡lï g‡a¨ Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK wewµqv
•Zix| †KvlwU nj ÑPb, PbSO4(s)/H2SO4 (Rjxq)/ PbO2(s), Pb| msNwUZ n‡j d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi MYbvi ÎæwU jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
22. gyL¨ wb‡`©kK ZworØvi wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU?  ‡hme ‡ÿ‡Î 100 fvM B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK c×wZ‡Z Zwor we‡kølY N‡U,
A. cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi B. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi ïay ‡mme ‡ÿ‡Î ÎæwU ‡`Lv hvq|
C. wb‡Kj mÂqx ZworØvi D. K¨vWwgqvg ZworØvi
 ‡Kv‡bv Zwor we‡kø‡l¨ GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK RviY-weRviY NU‡j
Ans A Why g~L¨ wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi eënvi
d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi MYbvi ‡ÿ‡Î ÎæwU ‡`Lv hvq|
Kiv nq| ZworØviwU njt Pt, H2(1.0atm)/H+(1.0M)|
04. Al, Cu, Ag I Cr avZz PviwUi mwµqZvi mwVK µg-
23. ‡h ZworØvi G RviY N‡U Zv‡K ejv nq Ñ
A. Al>Ag>Cr>Cu B. Al>Ag>Cu>Cr
A. K¨v‡_vW B. A¨v‡bvW C. Gi †KvbwUB bq D. abvZ¥K ZworØvi
C. Al>Cr>Cu>Ag D. Cr>Al>Ag>Cu
Ans B Why †h ZworØv‡i RviY N‡U Zv‡K ejv nq A¨v‡bvW| Ans C Why Li>K>Ca>Na>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Cr>Cd>N>Sn>
‡h ZworØv‡i weRviY N‡U Zv‡K ejv nq K¨v‡_vW| Pb> H > Cu> Hg> Ag > Au
24. †mj wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e NUv‡Z n‡j †mj wef‡ei gvb n‡Z nqÑ myZivs Al> Cr > Cu > Ag Ackb C
A. abvZ¥K B. FYvZ¥K  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 05 I 06 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI t
C. †Kvb m¤úK© †bB D. abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K DfqB Ans A
GKwU Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li MVb n‡”Q, 1M NiCl2 `ªe‡Y Ni avZzi cvZ
25. wb‡gœi †KvbwU g„`y Zwor we‡køl¨?
Ges 1M ZnCl2 `ªe‡Y Zn avZzi cvZ Wzev‡bv| Dfq Aa©‡Kvl GKwU jeY
A. A¨vj‡Kvnj B. Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY
†mZz Øviv mshy³| 250C ZvcgvÎvq Ni2+ I Zn2+ Gi weRviY wefe
C. Lv`¨ wPwbi Rjxq `ªeY D. A¨v‡gvwbqvi Rjxq `ªeY Ans D
h_vµ‡g- –0.25V I –0.76V|
26. Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j A¨v‡bv‡W GKwU eY©nxb
05. m„ó †Kv‡li cÖgvY †Kvl wef‡ei gvb-
M¨vm wegy³ nq| M¨vmwU wK?
A. 1.01 V B. 0.51 V C. – 0.51 V D. –1.01 V
A. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb B. ÷xg C. Aw·‡Rb D. †K¬vwib Ans D 2+ 2+
Ans B Wh y Zn/Zn || Ni Ni [Ref: myfvl m¨vi]
27. Kcvi ZworØvi eënvi K‡i Kcvi mvj‡d‡Ui A¤øvwqZ Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor
we‡kølY Ki‡j Ñ Ecell=ENi2+/Ni –EZn2+/Zn = –0.25V–(–0.76V) = 0.51V
06. D‡jøwLZ †Kv‡li K¨v‡_vW ZworØv‡i wewµqv n‡jv-
i. K¨v‡_v‡W Kcvi mwÂZ nq ii. A¨v‡bv‡Wi fi n«vm cvq
A. Zn2+ + 2e  Zn B. Ni2+ + 2e  Ni
iii. Zwor we‡køl¨ `ªe‡Yi eY© nvjKv nq
C. Zn  Zn + 2e
2+
D. Ni  Ni2+ + 2e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans B Why DÏxcK Abymv‡i †h Zwor†KvlwU •Zwi nq Zv njtÑ
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq)||Ni2+(aq)/Ni(s) A_v©r, K¨v‡_vW ZworØv‡i wewµqv nj Ñ
 mwÄZ Kzgvi ¸n  Ni2+ + 2e–  Ni, KviY A¨v‡bvW Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv jeY †mZzi evg w`‡K I
K¨v‡_vW Aa©‡Kvl wewµqv Wvb w`‡K †jLv nq|
01. †h ZworØvi w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡K Kx ejv nq?
A. A¨v‡bvW B. K¨v‡_vW  gwbgyj  BDmyd  AvwbKv 
C. abvZ¥K ZworØvi D. cwievnx ZworØvi
Ans B Why ‡h ZworØvi w`‡q B‡jKUªb e¨vUvwi †_‡K `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î we`y¨r B‡j±ªb PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g cÖevwnZ nq?
Zv‡K FYvZ¥K ZworØvi ev K¨v‡_vW e‡j| G ZworØviwU e¨vUvwii FYvZ¥K A. MÖvdvBU B. MwjZ jeY
cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K †h ZworØvi e¨vUvwii abvZ¥K (+ve) C. A·vwjK Gwm‡Wi Rjxq `ª e Y D. ‡KvbwUB bq
cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K Ges hvi gva¨‡g B‡jKUªb `ªeY †Q‡o P‡j hvq Zv‡K Ans A Why mKj avZz I MÖvdvBU nj B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx| A_v©r we`y¨r
abvZ¥K ZworØvi ev A¨v‡bvW e‡j| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi] B‡jKUª b PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g cÖevwnZ nq| myZivs DËi Ackb A
02. Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqvq RviY wewµqv †Kv_vq N‡U?  myfvl  gnxeyi  weg‡j›`y  Av‡bvqvi 
A. Rjxq `ªe‡Y B. K¨v‡_v‡W
C. A¨v‡bv‡W D. Ae¯v‡f‡` †h‡Kvb ¯v‡b NU‡Z cv‡i 01. M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l †Kvb ZworØvi A¨v‡bvWiƒ‡c wµqv Ki‡j †mLv‡b-
Ans C Why Zwor we‡kølY cÖwµqvq RviY wewµqv A¨v‡bv‡W Ges i. RviY wµqv N‡U ii. weRviY wµqv N‡U
weRviY wewµqv K¨v‡_v‡W msNwVZ nq| iii. Gi gva¨‡g B‡jKUªb gy³ nq
03. Zwor cwievnxZvi AvaywbK m~‡Îi cÖeZ©K †K? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. ‡MÖv_vm B. d¨viv‡W C. K¬wmqvm D. Avi‡nwbqvm| A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
Ans B Why 1832 mv‡j d¨viv‡W cÖevwnZ we`y¨‡Zi mv‡_ ZworØv‡i Ans B Why A¨v‡bv‡W RviY A_v©r B‡jKUªb Qvob ev gy³ nq|
mwÂZ c`v‡_©i cwigvY‡K m¤úwK©Z Kivi Rb¨ `ywU m~Î cÖ`vb K‡ib| 02 M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l †Kvb ZworØvi K¨v‡_vWiƒ‡c wµqv Ki‡j †mLv‡b wK N‡U?
[Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi] i. `ª e ‡Yi Avqb n‡Z GwU B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i
04. we`y¨r cÖev‡ni GKK †KvbwU? ii. B‡jKUª b `ª e ‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i iii. weRviY wµqv N‡U
A. Kzj¤^ B. A¨vw¤úqvi C. ‡fvë D. d¨viv‡W wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans B Why Pv‡R©i GKK Kzj¤^, we`y¨r cÖev‡ni GKK n‡”Q A¨vw¤úqvi| A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
05. M  M + ne Zwor ivmvqwbK wewµqvwUi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU bvb©‡÷i
n+ - Ans D Wh y B‡jKUª b MÖ n Y nq A_v© r weRviY N‡U Ges K¨v‡_vW Øviv
mwVK mgxKiY? `ª e ‡Y cÖ ‡ ek K‡i
0 RT[ M  ] RT[ M ]
03. †Kvl wefe msµvšÍ bvb©÷ mgxKiY n‡e wb¤œiƒc-
A. A. E = E + B. Eox = – RT [Drcv`] RT [Drcv`]
nF[ M] nF[ M n ]
i. E‡Kvl = E‡Kvl ln ii. E ‡Kvl = E‡Kvl – ln
n
RT [M ] n+ nF [wewµqK] nF [wewµqK]
C. Ered = e0red  D. Eox = Eox 
RT[ M ]
ln
nF[ M] nF [M] RT [Drcv`]
iii. E‡Kvl = E‡Kvl + nF ln [wewµqK]
Ans D Why M + ne M Gi †ÿ‡Î bvb©÷ mgxKiY nj
n+ -
RT [M] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

Ñ Ered =Ered– nF ln [Mn+] A. i B. ii C. iii D. i I ii Ans B
RT 1 04. wb‡¤œi ¯^Ztù~Z© wewµqvi e.m.f KZ?
hw` [M] = 1M nq, Ered = Ered – nF ln [Mn+] Sn2+(aq) + 2e-  Sn(s) E0 = -0.14 V
RT Pb2+(aq) + 2e-  Pb(s) E0 = -0.13 V
 Ered = Ered + ln [Mn+]
nF A. 0.27 V B. 0.01 V C. – 0.01 V D. – 0.27 V
RT [Mn+] Ans B Why Ecell = ESn2+/Sn + EPb2+/Pb = –ESn/Sn2+ + EPb2+/Pb
MMn+ + ne Gi †ÿ‡Î, Eox = Eox– ln (Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi)
nF [M] = –(–0.14V) – 0.13V = 0.14V –0.13V = 0.01V
06. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †_‡K wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI?
Na+(aq) + e-  Na(s) E0 = - 2.71 V  Rqbvj  mv‡qb  Iqvwn`y¾vgvb  gvbœvb 
Ag (aq) + e  Ag(s)
+ -
E0 = + 0.80 V
01. Zwor cwievnx c`v_©‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
i. Ag A‡cÿv Na AwaKZi kw³kvjx weRviK
A. 3wU B. 2wU C. 4wU D. 5wU
ii. Na avZz `ªeY †_‡K Ag+ Avqb‡K cÖwZ¯vcb K‡i
Ans B Why Zwor cwievnx c`v_©‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_vt
iii. Ag A‡cÿv Na AwaKZi mwµq
 B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx  Zwor we‡køl¨|
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwievnx c`v_©?
A. iii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
A. Zvgv B. KvV C. ivevi D. KuvP Ans A
Ans D Why mwµqZvi wmwiR Abyhvqx Na>Ag
03. cigvYy ev g~jK ZworMÖ¯’ KYvq cwiYZ nq
Ag A‡cÿv Na Gi e– Qvovi cÖeYZv †ewk| GRb¨ Na kw³kvjx weRviK
+ i. B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i ii. B‡jKUªb eR©b K‡i
Ges Ag Avqb‡K Na avZz `ªeY n‡Z cÖwZ¯vwcZ K‡i|
iii . B‡jKUª b †kqvi K‡i
07. Fe2+ `ªeY †_‡K Cu2+ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ K‡i-
i. Fe A‡cÿvK…Z kw³kvjx weRviK
ii. Fe2+ avZz mwµqZv wmwi‡R Cu2+ Gi Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i –
Ans A Why e `vb Ki‡j abvZ¥K I MÖnY Ki‡j FYvZ¥K PvR©hy³ nq|
iii. E0Fe 2 / Fe  0.76 V n‡j E0Cu 2  / Cu Aek¨B AwaKZi wKš‧ ‡kqvi Ki‡j PvR©hy³ nq bv|  Ackb  A
FYvZ¥K gv‡bi n‡Z n‡e| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cieZ©x `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vItÑ
iv. Cu A‡cÿv Fe AwaKZi B‡j±ªb cÖ`v‡b mÿg|
A. i I iii B. ii I iii C. iii I iv D. i, ii I iv
Ans D Why (i) Fe mwµqZvi wmwi‡R Cu Gi Dc‡i Aew¯Z| A_v©r
 Fe A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk mwµq|
 B‡jKUªb Z¨v‡Mi cÖeYZv Fe Gi †ewk|
 Fe, Cu Gi Zzjbvq kw³kvjx weRviK|
(iii) EFe2+/Fe = 0.76V n‡j ECu2+/Cu Aek¨B abvZ¥K gv‡bi n‡Z
n‡e| myZivs DËi n‡e D| [Ref: gwbgyj nK m¨vi]
Zwor we‡køl¨
04. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb †hŠMwU eëüZ nq bv? 03. wb‡Pi †Kvb ZworØviwUi Dcv`vb me‡P‡q mn‡R B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i?
A. H2SO4 B. NaOH C. NaCl D. C6H6 A. Zn B. Hg C. Cl D. Br
Ans D Why C6H6 ‡ebwRb ‣Re‡h․M nIqvq Zwor Awe‡køl¨| Ans A Why Zn mwµqZvi wmwi‡R Hg, Cl, Br Gi Dc‡i Aew¯Z|
05. wP‡Î `ªe‡Yi wbgw¾Z cvZØ‡qi ‡ÿ‡Î Ñ myZivs Zn mn‡R e– Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
i. abvZ¥K cÖvšÍ‡K A¨v‡bvW e‡j 04. 1.0 F we`y¨rÑ
ii. FYvZ¥K cÖvšÍ‡K K¨v‡_vW e‡j i. 96500 Kzj¤^ we`y¨r ii. 1 †gvj B‡jKUªb cÖevn iii. †hvRbx/ 1 †gvj
iii. cvZØ‡qi RviY weRviY wµqv N‡U wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D –
Ans A Why 1.0F we`y¨r = 96500C we`y¨r = 1 mol e cÖevn, myZivs
 Rqbyj  †Zvdv‡qj  †iqvRyj  AvdRj  AckbA
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 05 I 06 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zwor cwievnx?
c`v‡_©i fi,
mwÂZ ev
A. KwVb NaCl B. mvjdvi C. FeSO4 D. wW‡Rj 9
W
`ªexf~Z
6.
Ans C Why KwVb NaCl AvqwbK †h․M hv Zwor Acwievnx, wKš‧ MwjZ .03
Ae¯vq NaCl Zwor cwievnx| mvjdvi AavZz Ges wW‡Rj •Re †h․M| 0.
myZivs Giv Zwor Acwievnx| A_v©r FeSO4 jeY Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx| 0 1 2 3
 0 Zwo‡Zi
0 0
02. Zn I Cu avZzi g‡a¨ Zn AwaK mwµq KviY Ñ cwigvY, Q
i. G‡ì B‡jKUªb web¨vm wfbœ ii. Zn Gi RviY wefe Cu A‡cÿv Kg 05. D‡jøwLZ †jLwPÎwUi Xvj KZ?
iii. Zn Gi RviY wefe Cu A‡cÿv †ewk A. 2.33 B. 3.33 C. 4.33 D. 5.33
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? y 3.0
A. i B. ii C. iii D. ‡KvbwUB bq Ans Blank Why y = mx  m = x = 10 = 0.3
Ans C Why Zn mwµqZvi wmwi‡R Cu Gi Dc‡i Aew¯Z| myZivs Zn 06. †jLwPÎwU †Kvb m~Î†K mg_©b K‡i?
Gi RviY wefe Cu A‡cÿv †ewk Ges weRviY wefe Cu A‡cÿv Kg| A. W = It B. W = ZI C. W = ZIt D. Q = It
03. GKwU †Kv‡li emf wbY©‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU? Ans C Why W = ZIt or, W = ZQ
A. Ecell= Eanonde(ox)Ecathode(red) B. Ecell = Eanode(ox)–Ecathode(ox) 07. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v_©?
C. Ecell=Ecathode(red)–Ecathode(ox) D. Ecell = Ecathode(red)+Ecathode(ox) A. CCl4 B. C12H22O11 C. H2O(H+) D. C2H5OH
Ans B Why EMF = K¨v‡_vW- A¨v‡bvW [weRviY wefe] Ans C Wh y CCl 4 A‡cvjvi †h․M| Zwor Awe‡kø
l ¨ C12H22O11 (wPwb),
= A¨v‡bvW-K¨v‡_vW [RviY wefe]  Ackb  B C2H5OH ‣Re ‡h․M hv Awe‡køl¨  H2O(H ) +
DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cieZx© `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt AvqwbZ| Zwor we‡køl¨| Ackb C
Zn|Zn++||Cu++|Cu
08. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mevi Av‡M PvR©gy³ nq?
04. || Øviv jeY †mZz eySvq| G jeY †mZz w`‡q wb‡Pi †Kvb AvqbwU Zn|Zn++
A. K+ B. Ag+ C. Cu+ D. Au3+
Aa©‡Kv‡li w`‡K hv‡e|
Ans D Why PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv-
A. †h †Kvb A¨vbvqb B. Cu2+ C. Zn2+ D. Na+
Li+< K+ < Ca2+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < Zn2+ < Fe2+ < Cd2+ <
Ans A Why jeY ‡mZzi KvR n‡jv Dfq Aa©‡Kv‡li wbi‡cÿZv eRvq
Co2+ < Ni2+ < Sn2+ < Pb2+ < H+ < Cu2+ < Hg2+ < Ag+ < Au3+
ivLv Zn/Zn2+ Aa©‡Kvl e– NvUwZ nIqvq †h †Kvb A¨vbvq‡bi e¨vcb NU‡e|
Ackb D
 Ackb  A
09. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jNy H2SO4 n‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb wegy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
05. jeY †mZz‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU eënvi Kiv hv‡e? [P. †ev. 2017]
A. Pb B. Hg C. Cu D. Ca
A. KwVb NaCl B. Nb NaCl Gi `ªeY
Ans D Why mwµqZvi µg we‡ePbvq Ca > Pb > H > Cu > Hg
C. KNO3 `ªeY D. Nb H2SO4 `ªeY
Ca I Pb DfqB H wegy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ mwµqZvi we‡ePbvq Ca
Ans C Why jeY †mZz‡Z KCl, KNO3, NH4Cl, NH4NO3 BZ¨vw`
je‡Yi m¤ú„³ `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ A¨vMvi wgwkªZ Kiv nq| [Ref: Rqbyj m¨vi] ‡Ìqv n‡jv| Ackb D
10. Zn Ges Cu Gi cÖgvY weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g – 0.76 V Ges +0.34 V |
 wjsKb  Kwig  b~iæj  Cu + Zn2+  Cu2+ + Zn wewµqvq E0cell Gi gvb KZ?
A. – 0.101 V B. - 0.01 V C. +0.101 V D. +1.1 V
01. g„`y B‡jK‡UªvjvBU †KvbwU?
Ans D Why E M F = eo gvb Ñ †QvU gvb
A. HNO3 B. NaOH C. HCl D. NH4OH
= (+0.34) – (–0.76) = +0.34+0.76 = +1.1V
Ans D Why g„`y¨ B‡jK‡UªvjvBU `ªe‡Y AvswkK AvqwbZ Ae¯vq _v‡K|
G¸‡jv nj- mg¯Í •Re GwmW, (CH3COOH), mg¯Í •Re ÿvi, 11 . mgf‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z PvR© a‡i ivLvi ÿgZv †ewk?
(C2H5NH2), A¨v‡gvwbqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW (NH4OH), LyeB g„`y jeY, ‡hgb: A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb
HgCl , (CH COO) Pb. BZ¨vw`| Ans A Wh y mwµqZv wmwiR Li mevi Dc‡i my Z ivs Li Gi PvR© a‡i
2 3 2
02. wRsK mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 1.0 C PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j A¨v‡bv‡W `ªexf~Z wRsK ivLvi ÿgZv †ewk|
Gi cwigvY KZ? 12. dz‡qj †m‡j R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eëüZ nqÑ
A. 32.7g B. 34.7g
C. 0.000338g D. 0.0000338g i. H2, O2 ii. CH4 iii. CH3CH2-OH
65.39 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans C Why W = ZQ = 1 = 0.0003388g
965002 A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
13. jeY †mZzi KvR n‡jvÑ 21. GK †gvj weMwjZ Al2O3 Gi wfZi w`‡q KZ d¨viv‡W Zwor Pvjbv Ki‡j
i. `ywU ZworØv‡ii g‡a¨ c‡ivÿ ms‡hvM ¯vcb Kiv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c avZe c`v_© K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ n‡e?
ii. ZworØv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wecixZ Avqb mieivn Kiv A. 1F B. 3F C. 4F D. 6F
2–
Ans D Why Al2O3  2Al + 3O 2 | A_©vr GK †gvj Al2O3 †K
3+
iii. ‡Kvl wewµqv mPj ivLv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AvqwbZ Ki‡j 2 †gvj Al3+ Drcbœ nq| ZvB (2  3) = 6F Zwor Pvjbv
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ans D Why jeY †mZzi KvR: 22. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor cwievnxZv me‡P‡q Kg?
i) Aa©‡Kvl c‡ivÿfv‡e `yBwU ZwoØv‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯vcb K‡i ‡Kv‡li A. AgF (aq) B. AgCl (aq) C. AgBr (aq) D. AgI(aq)
eZ©bx c~Y© Kiv| Ans D Why dvRv‡bi bxwZ ¯§iY Kwit
ii) wecixZ Avqb mieivn mPj ‡i‡L Dfq Aa©‡Kv‡li `ªe‡Y Zwor GB bxwZ Abyhvqx- K¨vUvq‡bi AvKvi hZ ‡QvU n‡e Avi A¨vbvq‡bi AvKvi
wbi‡cÿZv eRvq ivLv| hZ eo n‡e| ‡h․MwU Polarization Gi cÖfv‡e ZZ ‡ewk mg‡hvRx n‡e|
14. Al Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK KZ? F < Cl < Br < I A_v©r, AvqwbK †h․‡M mg‡hvRx •ewkó¨ †ewk n‡e|
A. 9.310–5gc–1 B. 9.310–4gc–1 C. 9.310–2gc–1 D. 9.310–3gc–1 AwaKš‧ AgI KwVb AvqwbK ‡h․M hv Zwor Awe‡køl¨|
27 23. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe‡Yi Zwor cwievnxZv me‡P‡q Kg?
Ans A Why Z   9.3 10 5 gc1
96500  3 A. 1M CH3COOH `ªeY B. 2% CH3COOH `ªeY
15. weMwjZ NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3 Ges SnCl4 Gi wfZi w`‡q 1F Zwor C. 5% CH3COOH `ªeY D. 10%CH3COOH `ªeY
Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡Wi wb‡Pi †Kvb avZzi AwaK †gvj msL¨v Rgv n‡e? Ans B Wh y 1M CH 3 COOH `ªeY‡K kZKivq cÖKvk Ki‡j †gvU
A. Na B. Mg C. Al D. Sn %10 SM 160
Ans A Why 1F we`y¨r Pvjbvq-
NbgvÎv `vovq, s = M  % = 10 = 10 = 6%
1 A_v©r, 1MCH3COOH = 6%CH3COOH, †h `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv Kg Zvi
Na Gi Rb¨ ‡gvj msL¨v 1 ; Mg Gi Rb¨ ‡gvj msL¨v
2 cwievnxZv Kg|
1 1 24. †Kvb avZz ¯^íZg mg‡q jNy HCl Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i H2 M¨vm Drcbœ K‡i?
Al Gi Rb¨ ‡gvj msL¨v ; Sn Gi Rb¨ ‡gvj msL¨v
3 4 A. Na B. K C. Zn D. Pb
16. A, B, C Ges D Gi weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –0.5V, 0.3V, –0.6V Ges - Ans B Why mwµqZvi wmwi‡R †h nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi hZ Dc‡i ‡m ZZ `ªæZ
0.83V; wb‡Pi †KvbwU AwaK mwµq? wewµqv Ki‡e|  Ackb B
A. A B. B C. C D. D
Ans D Why ‡h ‡g․‡ji RviY wef‡ei gvb ‡ewk A_©vr weRviY wef‡ei  ¯^cb Kzgvi wg¯¿x 
gvb Kg ‡mwU ZZ ‡ewk mwµq| D (–0.83) < C (–0.6) < A(–0.5) <
B(0.3), ‡g․j D Gi weRviY wef‡ei gvb me‡P‡q Kg| 01. †mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi (NaCl) Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡køl‡Y Drcbœ nqÑ
17. A¨vjKvwj R¡vjvwb †Kv‡lÑ A. Na K¨v‡_v‡W Ges Cl2 A¨v‡bv‡W B. H2 K¨v‡_v‡W Ges Cl2 A¨v‡bv‡W
i. Kvh© ÿgZv 70% C. H2 K¨v‡_v‡W Ges O2 A¨v‡bv‡W D. Na K¨v‡_v‡W Ges O2 A¨v‡bv‡W
ii. cøvwUbvg B‡jK‡UªvW AbyNUK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq Ans B Why
iii. R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e weï× H2 eënvi nq NaCl `ªeY (jNy) H+,Na+ Pt H+,H2(g) Cl–,OH– Pt OH–,O2(g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? NaCl `ªeY (Mvp) H+,Na+ Pt H+,H2(g) Cl–,OH– Pt Cl–,Cl2(g)
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii NaCl `ªeY (Mvp) H+,Na+ Hg Na+,Na(s) Cl–,OH– Pt Cl–,Cl2(g)
Ans D Why A¨vjKvwj R¡vjvwb †Kv‡l weï× H2 Ges O2 eënvi K‡i 02. GK Kzj¤^ Avavb KZwU B‡jKUªb enb K‡i?
cvwb, Zvc I we`y¨r Drcbœ Kiv nq| AFC AZ¨šÍ Kvh©ÿgZv m¤úbœ R¡vjvwb A. 6.02  1021 B. 6.24  1018 C. 6.21  1015 D. 6.02  1010
– 23
‡Kvl (70%)| A¨vjKvwj R¡vjvwb ‡Kv‡l cøvwUbvg B‡jK‡UªvW AbyNUK Ans B Why 96500C Avavb e enb K‡i 6.02310 wU
23
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| [Ref: wjsKb m¨vi] 6.02310
1 C Avavb e– enb K‡i wU = 6.0231018wU
18. R¡vjvwb †Kv‡li mn Drcv` n‡jvÑ 96500
03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU `ye©j Zwor we‡køl¨?
i. H2O (l) ii. CO2(g) iii. SO2(g)
i. NH3 ii. NaCl iii. ZnCl2
Ans A Why dz‡qj †m‡ji mn Drcv` nj H2O I CO2
19. wjw_qvg e¨vUvwi Pv‡R©i mgq †Kvevë Gi RviY gvb +3 n‡Z KZ nq? Ans B Why NaCl Zxeª Zworwe‡køl¨| myZivs DËi Ackb B
A. +1 B. +2 C. +4 D. +6 04. Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Ans C Wh y PvwR© s Gi mgq Co 3+
†_‡K Co 4+
G RvwiZ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU Dc‡ii †Kvl wewµqv‡K wb‡`©k K‡iÑ
4+ 3+
wWmPvwR©s Gi mgq Co †_‡K Co G weRvwiZ nq| [Ref:wjsKb m¨vi] i. Zn/Zn2+ || H+/H2,Pt ii. Zn2+/Zn || H+/H2,Pt
20. ‡Kvb avZehyM‡ji mgš^‡q MwVZ †Kv‡l me©vwaK Zwor cvIqv hv‡e? iii. Zn/Zn2+ || H2/H+,Pt
A. Zn Ges Cu B. Zn Ges Ag C. Zn Ges Al D. Ag Ges Al wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ans D Why mwµqZvi wmwi‡Ri me‡P‡q Dc‡ii I me‡P‡q wb‡Pi A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
avZehyMj Øviv me‡P‡q fvj Zwor †Kvl •Zix Kiv m¤¢e| myZivs Ag Ges Ans A Why †Kvl ‡jLvi cÖPwjZ wbqg n‡jv- avZz/avZzi Avqb/ avZe
Al Øviv MwVZ Zwor †Kvl †_‡K mev©waK Zwor cvIqv hvq| jeY/avZe Avqb ev avZe jeY/avZz, wbw®…q ZworØvi|
VVI DATA AT A GLANCE  HSC PART  †miv K‡jR cÖkœ

 wjw_qvg †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi‡Z Zwor we‡kø‡lï •Re `ªveK LiClO4 RUCD  R¡vjvwb †Kv‡li mn Drcv` n‡jv H2O I CO2 LS
 mÂqx †Kv‡l eëüZ H2SO4 Gi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ 1.2 VNSC  d¨viv‡Wi cÖ_g m~‡Îi MvwYwZK cÖKvk W  Q SS
 cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii wef‡ei gvb 0V VNSC  Ag(s), AgCl/HCl(1M) n‡jv RviY ZworØvi| SS
 K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡i Zwor we‡køl¨ wnmv‡e Hg2Cl2 eënvi Kiv nq| NICD  GK Kzj¤^ Avavb 6.2410 B‡jKUªb enb K‡i|
18
SS
 H2 dz‡qj †m‡ji `ÿZv 98% HCCD  Zwor†hvRx eÜbhy³ c`v_© `ªe‡Y Ges MwjZ Ae¯vq Zwor cwienb K‡i|
 d¨viv‡Wi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î| HPCD  e·vBU †_‡K Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ A¨vjywgwbqvg avZz wb®‥vkb Kiv nq|
 †h Zwor Øvi w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡K K¨v‡_vW ejv nq| USCD
 avZyi ÿq‡iva Kivi Rb¨ B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK c×wZ‡Z Ab¨ avZzi cÖ‡jc †Ìqv nq|
 PEMFC †Z Zwor we‡køl¨ cvi‡d¬v‡iv mvj‡dvwbK GwmW| RGCC
 K¨v‡_vW w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªe‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges A¨v‡bvW w`‡q B‡jKUªb `ªeY
 †jW †÷v‡iR †m‡j H2SO4 Gi NbZ¡ wVK ivLvi Rb¨ cvwb eënvi Kiv nq| CGCL
†Q‡o †`q|
 PEMFC GK ai‡bi dz‡qj †mj| CCC
 d¨viv‡Wi m~Î †KejgvÎ B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
 jeY †mZz‡Z KNO3, NH4Cl, KCl †h․M¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq| OLDB B‡jKUªbxq cwien‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
 ‡jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvixi †ÿ‡Î  weøóvi Kcv‡i Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq 15-20% CuSO4 `ªeY Zwor we‡køl¨
(i) Ifvi PvR© mnbxq iƒ‡c †bqv nq|
MCD
(ii) Ab¨vb¨ †m‡KÛvix e¨vUvwi †_‡K `v‡g m¯Ív  Nwoi †PBbwU iƒcvi gZ D¾¦j †`Lv‡j I Avm‡j Zv nj †jvnvi Dci Cr-Gi cÖ‡jc|
(iii) B‡jK‡UªvjvBU Qvov `xN©Kvj msiÿY Kiv hvq|  B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs Gi Rb¨ †h wRwbmwUi Dci cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e ‡mwU K¨v‡_vW
 P wgUvi •Zix Ki‡Z eëüZ nq K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi I †fvë wgUvi|
H
USCE
wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
 cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡i _v‡K Ñ
 ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j avZe cwievwni •e`y¨wZK cwievnxZv n«vm cvq| wKš‧
(i) H+ Avq‡bi NbgvÎv 1.0M
RCR Zwor we‡kø‡lï †ÿ‡Î Zv e„w× cvq|
(ii) nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi Pvc 1.0atm
 weï× cvwb we`y¨r Kzcwievnx|
(iii) T = 25C ev 298 K
 ‡gvj cÖwZ 96500 Kzj¤^ AbycvZ (Constant) d¨viv‡W aªæeK bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 †h †Kv‡l ivmvqwbK kw³ †_‡K Zworkw³ Drcbœ nq †h †Kv‡l Zv‡K
ejv nq Zwor we‡køl¨ ev Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl|
RGCR  bvb©‡÷i mgxKiY n‡Z Zwor †Kv‡li Zwor ej wn‡me Kiv nq|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †m‡ji †ÿ‡Î Ñ  cÖgvY weRviY c‡Ubwkqvj me‡P‡q Kg Li2+/Li (-3.04v)|
(i) `ªeY Pvc Am‡gvwUK Pvc = ZworØvi wefe  mvB‡K‡ji Av‡jv, UP©jvBU, †iwWI‡Z Dry cell eëüZ nq|
NDC
(ii) ‡Kv‡li cÖgvY Zwo”PvjK ej E †Kvl = +ve n‡j †Kvl  evwn¨K eZ©bxi g‡a¨ w`‡q B‡jKUªb cÖevn †h w`‡K hv‡e, Zwor cÖevn Zvi
wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e N‡U| wecixZ w`‡K hv‡e|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †mj †_‡K dz‡qj †m‡ji cÖavb myweav n‡jv Ñ  Zwor ‡Kv‡l eëüZ avZe cvZ `ywU‡K Zwor Øvi ev B‡jK‡UªvW e‡j|
(i) dz‡qj †mj bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvbx  mvgwMÖK †Kv‡li wefe ev c‡Ubwkqvj abvZ¥K n‡j wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù~Z© n‡e|
NDC
(ii) gnvk~Y¨hv‡b dz‡qj †mj eënvi Kiv nq  ÿq wewµqv mvaviYZ A¨v‡bv‡W msNwUZ nq|
(iii) Gi Zwor ÿgZv cÖvq 98%  pH gvcvi mnRZg Dcvq n‡”Q pH wgUv‡ii eënvi|
 MÖvdvB‡U we`y¨r B‡jKUªb PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g cÖfvweZ nq| MS  ï¯‥ †Kv‡l we`y¨r D‡ËRK wn‡m‡e NH4Cl Gi †có Ges Q`b wbeviK
 Zwor cwievwnZvi AvaywbK m~‡Îi cÖeZ©K d¨viv‡W| MS wn‡m‡e KwVb MnO2 eëüZ nq|
 we`y¨r cÖev‡ni GKK n‡jv A¨vw¤úqvi| MS  avZzi ÿq GKwU Zwor ivmvqwbK cÖwµqv|
 M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l †Kv‡bv ZworØvi A¨v‡bvWiƒ‡c wµqv Ki‡j  avZzi ÿq‡iva Ki‡Z Aek¨B avZz‡K A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z †Ìqv hv‡e bv|
KS
†mLv‡b RviY wµqv N‡U I Gi gva¨‡g B‡jKUªb gy³ nq|  •`bw›`b Kv‡Ri Rb¨ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Zwor Øvi myweav RbK bq|
 1.0 †g․j Al
3+
†_‡K Al Drcv`‡b 3.0F cwigvY Zwor PvR© cÖ‡qvRb| KS
 Dry Cell ev ï¯‥ †Kv‡l †Kvb Zij eëüZ nq bv|
 Cu B‡jKUªbxq Zwor cwievnx KS
 †jW GwmW mÂqx †Kvl eënv‡ii d‡j E.M.F Gi gvb 1.17 volt †b‡g
 ‡h ZworØv‡i RviY N‡U Zv‡K ejv nq A¨v‡bvW| KS
Avm‡j G‡K cybivq PvR© Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
 Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j A¨v‡bv‡W GKwU  A¤øxq `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv (pH) wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Pt ZworØvi eënvi Kiv nq|
KS
eY©nxb M¨vm wegy³ nq| M¨vmwU n‡jv †K¬vwib|  me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †m‡KÛvix B‡jK‡UªvW nj K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡UªvW|
 Al Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v‡¼ 9.310–5gc–1 LS
CHEMISTRY PLUS I ASPECT SERIES Gi ¯^Z¡vwaKvwi †gv. †nv‡mb Avjx m¨v‡ii †i¸jvi K¬vm I civgk© †c‡Z R‡qb K‡iv...
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MCQ  CONCEPT TEST  WRITTEN
01. Zwor we‡kølY †Kv‡li A¨v‡bv‡W msNwUZ nIqv m¤¢e- 13. A, B, C, D avZzmg~‡ni cÖgvY weRviY wefe n‡jv h_vµ‡g – 3.05 V, -
A. Br- - e-  1 Br2 B. Na + e-  Na+ 1.66 V, 0.40 V I 0.80 V| G‡ì †KvbwU AwaK mej weRviK n‡e?
2
A. A B. B C. C D. D
C. H3O+ + e-  1 H2 + H2O D. †KvbwUB bq 14. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj ‡m‡j ‡KvbwU DcRvZ wn‡m‡e Drcbœ nq?
2
02. ‡KvbwU Zwor Bbmy‡jUi? A. H2 B. H2O C. O2 D. H3O+
A. A‡cvjvi †h․M B. ‡cvjvi †h․M C. AvqwbK †h․M D. avZe †h․M 15. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï®‹ †Kv‡l K¨v‡_vW wnmv‡e eëüZ nq- [BUET: 2011-12]
03. KNO3 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W wK Drcbœ nq? A. Zinc B. MnO2 C. Carbon D. NH4Cl
A. H2 B. O2 C. K D. N  OMR SHEET 
04. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mg‡hvRx †hŠM nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zwor cwienb K‡i?
01 A B C D 06 A B C D 11 A B C D
A. HCl B. NaCl C. MgO D. KCl
02 A B C D 07 A B C D 12 A B C D
05. K¨v‡_v‡W PvR©gy³ nevi cÖeYZv Kvi me‡P‡q †ewk?
03 A B C D 08 A B C D 13 A B C D
A. K+ B. Mg++ C. Cu++ D. Au+++
06. wjw_qvg Avqb e¨vUvwi‡Z Zworwe‡køl¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq Ñ 04 A B C D 09 A B C D 14 A B C D
i. LiCoO2 ii. LiMn2O4 iii. LiNiO2 05 A B C D 10 A B C D 15 A B C D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖkœ-16 : bvb©‡÷i mgxKi‡Yi mxgve×Zv wK?
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii DËi : ............................................................................................
07. Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2 GB wewµqvi mvs‡KwZK wP‡ýi wewµqv- cÖkœ-17 : SHE ej‡Z wK eyS?
A. Zn/ZnSO4H2SO4H2; Pt B. Zn/ZnSO4Pt DËi : ............................................................................................
C. Zn/ZnSO4Pt, H2/H2SO4 D. ‡KvbwUB bq| cÖkœ-18 : ‡fvëvwqK †mj G më eªxR †Kb ìKvi?
08. W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl m¤ú‡K© mwVK Dw³wU wPwýZ Ki| DËi : ............................................................................................
A. Zn K¨v‡_vW B. Cu Gi RviY N‡U cÖkœ-19 : Kxfv‡e †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvixi PvR© †j‡fj cwigvc Ki‡e?
C. Zn2++CuCu2++Zn wewµqvwU ¯^Ztù~Z© DËi : ............................................................................................
D. ZnCu B‡jK‡Uªv‡W B‡jKUªb cÖevwnZ nq| cÖkœ-20 : ‡mj I BbfvUv©i Kx Kv‡R jv‡M?
09. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi cÖgvY weRviY wefe me‡P‡q Kg? DËi : ............................................................................................
A. Li+/Li B. Mg2+/Mg C. Ni2+/Ni D. F-/F2 cÖkœ-21 : wi‡Rbv‡iwUf (Regenerative) dz‡qj †mj Kx?
10. GwmW wgwkªZ ch©vß cvwbi †fZi w`‡q 2F we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j KZ MÖvg DËi : ............................................................................................
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm K¨v‡_v‡W wegy³ n‡e? cÖkœ-22 : nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj G cøvwUbvg Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖfveK eënvi
A. 0.5g B. 1g C. 2g D. 4g Kiv hv‡e Kx?
11. 30s mg‡qi Rb¨ 5.0A Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ DËi : ............................................................................................
cÖevwnZ Zwor PvR© KZ? cÖkœ-23 : ZEV Kx?
A. 6.0 Kzj¤^ B. 150 Kzj¤^ C. 95.52 Kzj¤^ D. 85 Kzj¤^ DËi : ............................................................................................
12. ¯^Ztù~Z© wewµqvi mgxKiYwU n‡e? cÖkœ-24 : Zwor we‡køl‡Y ZworØv‡i hy³ ev wegy³ c`v_© KqwU k‡Z©i Dci
A. Sn2+(aq) + Pb2+(aq)  Sn4+(aq) + Pb(s) wbf©ikxj?
B. Sn2+(aq) + Pb(s)  Sn(s) + Pb2+ (aq) DËi : ............................................................................................
C. Pb2+(aq) + Sn(s)  Pb(s) + Sn2+ (aq)
cÖkœ-25 : d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi mxgve×Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
D. Pb(s) + Sn (aq)  Pb (aq) + Sn (aq)
4+ 2+ 2+
DËi : ............................................................................................
MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN

cÖkœ bs DËi e¨vL¨v
01 A Zwo we‡kølY †Kv‡li A¨v‡bv‡W RviY Ges K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY wewµqv N‡U|
02 A Concept-1, Item-1
03 A KNO3 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W H2 mwÂZ n‡e Ges A¨v‡bv‡W Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq|
04 A HCl GKwU mg‡hvRx †h․M| wKš‧ HCl G WvB‡cvj ag© _vKvq Zwor cwienY K‡i|
05 D mwµqZv wmwi‡R Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K bvg‡j PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv ev‡o|
06 D Concept-6, Item-3
07 A †Kvl ms‡KZt ZworØvi/Zwor we‡køl¨//Zwor we‡køl¨/ZworØvi A_©vr Zn/ZnSO4H2SO4H2; Pt
08 D Concept-5, Item-3
09 A Concept-3, Item-2
m m
10 C Q  enF  2 F  e F  2F  1 F  m  2g
M 1
11 B Q = It = 305 = 150C
Sn/Sn2+||Pb2+/Pb ; Pb mwµqZvi wmwi‡R Sn Gi wb‡P nIqvq Pb Av‡M PvR©gy³ n‡e| A_v©r ¯^Zù~Z© wewµqvi mgxKiYwU n‡e Ñ Pb2+(aq) +
12 C
Sn(s)  Pb(s) + Sn2+(aq)
13 A mej weRvi‡Ki e– eR©b Kivi cÖeYZv †ewk| A_©vr mej weRvi‡Ki RviY wef‡ei gvb †ewk n‡e Ges weRviY wef‡ei gvb Kg n‡e|
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj ‡mj Ab¨vb¨ dz‡qj ‡m‡ji g‡ZvB KvR K‡i| Gi `ywU ZworØvi Av‡Q hv GKwU ‡gg‡eªb Øviv c„_K _v‡K| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
14 B
M¨vm A¨v‡bv‡Wi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m B‡jKUªb Ges abvZ¥K ZworØv‡i nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb Drcbœ K‡i| DcRvZ wn‡m‡e cvwb Drcbœ nq|
15 C ï®‥ †Kv‡l Kve©b `Ð K¨v‡_vW Ges wRsK `Ð A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
cvZjv `ªe‡Yi Rb¨ bvb©÷ mgxKi‡Y mivmwi Avq‡bi NbgvÎv eënvi Kiv hvq| wKš‧ Nb `ªe‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Activity coeficient Gi gvb 1 Gi mgvb
16 nq bv e‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î mivmwi NbgvÎv eënvi K‡i †Kvl wefe cwigvc Kiv hvq bv| †ewk NbgvÎvi (10–3M Gi †ewk) `ªe‡Yi †Kvl wefe m¤ú‡K©
bvb©÷ mgxKiY mwVK aviYv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| A_v©r bvb©÷ mgxKiY g~jZ jNy `ªe‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|
SHE ev Standard Hydrogen Electrode g~jZ GK ai‡bi weRviY (Reduction) ZworØvi| Gi cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe 4.44  0.02V (25C
17
ZvcgvÎvq) G SHE †K †idv‡iÝ ZworØvi wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i Ab¨vb¨ ZworØvi wefe wbY©q Kiv hvq|
më eªxR Gi `k©K Avqbmg~n e„w× cvIqv PvR©‡K cÖkwgZ K‡i| A¨v‡bvW I K¨v‡_vW cÖ‡Kv‡ôi PvR© cÖkg‡bi gva¨‡g B‡jK‡UªvWØ‡qi ga¨Kvi Zwor
18
ivmvqwbK wewµqv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K|
†h‡nZz PvwR©s I wWmPvwR©s wewµqv‡Z g~jZ e¨vUvixi B‡jK‡UªvjvBU (H2SO4:H2O = 3:1) Ask †bq| ZvB Gwm‡Wi Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ cwigvc Ki‡jB
19
e¨vUvixi PvR© †j‡fj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv m¤¢e|
ivmvqwbK cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g dz‡qj †mj †h Zwor cÖevn •Zix K‡i Zv g~jZ DC ev Direct Current| hw` Zwor eZ©bx‡Z _vKv dz‡qj †mj Gi
20 Zwor cÖevn‡K cwieZ©bkxj Zwor cÖev‡n iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j BbfvU©vi cÖ‡qvRb| BbfvU©vi DC cÖevn‡K AC (Alternating Current)
cÖev‡n iƒcvšÍi K‡i ZvB BbfvUv©i‡K Ab¨ fvlvq Kbfvikb wWfvBmI e‡j|
wi‡Rbv‡iwUf dz‡qj †mj wm‡÷g g~jZ cvwb‡K dz‡qj ev R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i| †m․i kw³ Øviv PvwjZ B‡jK‡UªvjvBRvi cvwb‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I
21
Aw·‡Rb G wewkøó K‡i| M¨vmØq‡K AZtci wdW wn‡m‡e dz‡qj †mj G cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nq| Drcv` wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq Zwor cÖevn, Zvc I cvwb|
K¨v‡_v‡W Av‡qvwWb wgwkªZ MÖvwdb Gi cÖ‡jc eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hv weRviY cÖwµqv‡Z cøvwUbvg A‡cÿv 33% †ewk Kvh©Kix| cøvwUbvg cÖfveK
22
A‡cÿv ¯vqx MÖvwdb, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW `~lY I wg_vbj µmIfvi Gi †ÿ‡ÎI †ewk Kvh©Kix|
ZEV Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Zero Emission Vehicle| †h mKj Mvwo‡Z R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e M¨v‡mvwjb, †c‡Uªvj, CNG BZ¨vw` eënvi bv K‡i dz‡qj †mj
23 eënvi Kiv nq, †m‡ÿ‡Î †Kvbiƒc ÿwZKviK M¨vm wbM©Z nq bv| †hgbÑ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj n‡Z ïaygvÎ cvwb wbM©Z nq| ZvB nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
dz‡qj †mj Øviv PvwjZ hvbevnb †Kvbiƒc MÖxb nvDR MÖ¨vm wbM©Z K‡i bv| GRb¨ mKj hvbevnb‡K ZEV ejv nq|
24 3wU- (i) cÖevwnZ we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY| (ii) we`y¨r cÖev‡ni mgqKvj| (iii) hy³ nIqv Avqbmg~‡ni PvR© ev Avavb|
25 Concept-02; Item-4 †`L|
cÖkœB hLb cÖkœ nq  †kl `„wó  KviY AbymÜvb cÖ‡qvRb bq

 avZzi mwµqZv wmwi‡Ri Dci †_‡K wb‡P cÖgvY weRviY wefe ev‡o †Kb?  Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kv‡li A¨v‡bvW abvZ¥K ZworØvi Ges K¨v‡_vW FYvZ¥K
 weï× H2SO4 I weï× HClO4 we`y¨r cwienb bv Ki‡jI †h․M `ywUi wgkªY ZworØvi †Kb?
we`y¨r cwievnx †Kb?  e¨vUvwi n‡Z cÖevwnZ we`y¨r kw³i cwigv‡Yi Dci Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i
 ‡h †Kvb ai‡bi Zwor †Kvl wbgv©‡Y `ywU ZworØv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb? we‡qvRb wbf©i K‡i †Kb?
GKwU‡Z RviY I Ab¨wU‡Z weRviY N‡U †Kb|
 M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li we`y¨r cÖevn B‡jKUªb cÖev‡ni wecixZ w`‡K P‡j †Kb?
 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dz‡qj †mj PvwjZ BwÄb Kg kã Drcbœ K‡i †Kb?
 cvwbi Zwor we‡køl‡Y mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y GwmW †hvM Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv †Kb?  M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li A¨v‡bvW ZworØv‡i RviY Ges K¨v‡_vW ZworØv‡i
 †g․‡ji Zzj¨ f‡ii gvb k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv †Kb? weRviY N‡U †Kb?
 GK d¨viv‡W Gi gvb 96500 Kzj¤^ aiv nq †Kb?  M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva †ewk n‡j D”PgvÎvi we`y¨r cÖev‡ni Rb¨
 Zzj¨ fi‡K ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ I ejv hvq †Kb? G‡K eënvi Kiv hvq bv †Kb?
 mKj Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_© Zwor cwievnx wKš‧ mKj Zwor cwievnxB Zwor  wiPv‡R©ej †jW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi‡Z Wvb ZworØvi ev K¨v‡_vW ZworØv‡i
we‡køl¨ bq †Kb? eëüZ Pb Gi wWmPvR© ev PvwR©s Gi mgq †Kvl wewµqvi †Kvb f~wgKv
 avZz Zwor cwienb K‡i wKš‧ AvqwbK †h․‡Mi †Kjvm Zwor cwienb K‡i bv †Kb? †bB| ZeyI Zv‡K eënvi Kiv nq †Kb?
 weï× cvwb‡Z Zwor we‡kølY N‡U bv wKš‧ mvgvb¨ GwmW †gkv‡jB Zwor
 ZworØvi •Zwi‡Z wWmPvwR©s wbw®…q cøwUbvg avZz eënvi Kiv nq †Kb?
we‡kølY N‡U _v‡K †Kb?
fwZ© cixÿv GKwU AwbðqZv, Avi GB AwbðqZvB

†Zvgvi Rxe‡bi eo wbðqZv n‡Z cv‡i!! ........... †jLK
CHEMISTRY PLUS Kg©gyLx imvqb 281
1g cÎ Kg©gyLx imvqb
Aa¨vq-05 VOCATIONAL CHEMISTRY
 SURVEY TABLE  wK coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe?
CONCEPT MAGNETIC TOPICS MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡Y co‡e] VVI For This Year
No. [hv co‡e] DU GU M & D S & T Engr. HSC WRITTEN MCQ
CONCEPT-01 Lv`¨ wbivcËv I Lv`¨ Dcv`vb - 50% 25% 75% - 50% - **
CONCEPT-02 Lv`¨ msiÿY †K․kj, cÖwµqv I msiÿ‡Ki eënvi 50% 75% 90% 75% - 75% * ***
CONCEPT-03 mvm‡cbkb, Bgvjkb I †Kvqv¸‡jkb - 25% 75% - 25% 25% * **
CONCEPT-04 `y» I `y» Dcv`vb c„_KxKiY 25% 50% 50% 50% - 50% * **
CONCEPT-05 Uq‡jwUªR I cviwdDgvwi 50% 90% 90% 25% - 75% ** ***
CONCEPT-06 K‡qKwU cÖ¯‧wZ I msiÿY †K․kj - 50% 25% 25% - - * **
BASIC TOUCH AT A GLANCE ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kã¸‡”Qi cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM [TOPICS Gi ¸iæZ¡vbymv‡i]

kã cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM
Lv`¨ wbivcËv cwigv‡Y ch©vß, ¯^v¯¨wewaMZ, wbivc` I mwVK cywógv‡bi Lv`¨ †hvMvb ev mieiv‡ni wbðqZvi eë¯v KivB n‡”Q Lv`¨ wbivcËv|
‡`wk dj, mewR, euvk-‡Kvij, KwP fzÆv, meyR gUiïuwU, gvQ, KuvPv gvsm, ivbœv Kiv gvsm G¸‡jv cPbkxj Ges mn‡RB Gm‡ei ¸Yv¸Y bó nq| ZvB Dchy³
‡K․UvRvZKiY
c×wZ‡Z G‡ì †K․UvRvZKiY Kiv nq| †K․UvRvZKi‡Yi `yBwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q| (1) e‡qwjs IqvUvi ev_ K¨vbvi c×wZ| (2) †cÖmvi K¨vbvi c×wZ|
mvm‡cbkb mvm‡cbkb n‡jv AmgmË¡ wgkÖY hv‡Z Aat‡ÿc covi g‡Zv eo KYv _v‡K| KYvi AvKvi 10–5 Gi †P‡q eo nq| D`vniY- Kv`v cvwb ev, cvwb‡Z evwj|
Kj‡qW KYvi AvKvi (10–3 cm–10–7 cm) D`vniY - cvwb‡Z `y‡ai Pwe© KYv hv Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv|1861 mv‡j Ugvm MÖvnvg Kj‡qW Avwe®‥vi K‡ib|
`ªeY 10–7 cm A‡cÿv ÿz`ªZi KYv| D`vniY - mieZ -cvwb‡Z wPwb KYv `ªexf~Z n‡q hvq|
wµ÷vj‡qW `ªexf~Z Ae¯vq Dw™¢` ev cÖvYxR wSwjø ev cvP©‡g›U KvMR AwZµg K‡i|
mj hw` †Kvb KwVb e¯‧ Ab¨ †dR G ewÈZ n‡q Kj‡qW MVb K‡i Zv‡K mj e‡j|
nvB‡Wªvmj cvwb‡Z AgCl †Nvjv wgkªY n‡jv AgCl Gi nvB‡Wªvmj Avi †avqv n‡jv G‡ivmj|
‡Rj Zij †dR Gi g‡a¨ hw` KwVb e¯‧ KYv ew›UZ n‡q Kj‡qW MVb K‡i Z‡e Zv‡K †Rj e‡j| D`vniY- `wa, cwbi Ges wewfbœ d‡ji †Rwj|
‡Kvqv¸‡jkb Kj‡qW KYvmg~‡ni RgvU euvavi c×wZ‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb e‡j|
gvLb gvLb •Zwi g~jZ d¨vU Bb IqvUvi †_‡K IqvUvi Bb d¨vU wbhv©‡m cwiYZ Kiv|
Uq‡jwUªR e¨w³‡K my›ì I mymw¾Z Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vwì eënvi nq Zv‡ì‡K Uq‡jwUªR ejv nq|
cviwdDgvwi cviwdDgvwi n‡jv myMwÜhy³ `ªe¨ mvgMÖx| KuvPvgvj Abymv‡i cviwdDg 3 cÖKvi| h_v: (1) cøv›U I‡qj, (2) A¨vwbg¨vj wm‡µkb (3) ivmvqwbK †h․M|
Møvm wK¬bvi ‡g‡S, KuvP, hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw` cwi®‥vi Kivi Kv‡R Møvm wK¬bvi eëüZ nq|
Uq‡jU wK¬bvi Kw÷K †mvWv Ges †nvqvBU wf‡bMv‡ii wgkÖ‡Y Uq‡jU wK¬bvi cÖ¯yÍZ nq|
wf‡bMvi A¨vwmwUK Gwm‡Wi 6–10% Rjxq `ªeY‡K wf‡bMvi ev wmiKv ejv nq|
gë wf‡bMvi gë †_‡K †h wf‡bMvi cÖ¯‧Z nq Zv‡K gë wf‡bMvi e‡j| gë gv‡b n‡”Q- wmiv|
Lv`¨ mtweÁvb ‡h weÁvb Lv‡`ï cPbkxjZv ev bó nIqv‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i fwel¨‡Z eënv‡ii Rb¨ h_vh_ Ae¯vq Lv`¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv‡K Lv`¨ msiÿY weÁvb e‡j|
eªvBb NaCl Gi Mvp Rjxq `ªeY‡K eªvBb e‡j|
Bgvjwmdvqvi Z¡‡Ki Dci †h cÖvK…wZK wjwcW wdj¥ _v‡K †mUv‡K Bgvjwmdvqvi ejv nq|
‡nqvi A‡qj Pz‡ji hZœ †bIqvi Rb¨ mvaviYfv‡e †h cÖmvab mvgMÖx eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K †nqvi A‡qj e‡j|
U¨vjK U¨vjKg cvDWv‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv U¨vjK hv nvB‡Wª‡UW g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)
gë evwj©i exR‡K cvwb‡Z wm³ K‡i wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq (15C Gi wb‡P) ‡Lvjv Ae¯vq †i‡L w`‡j Zv cu‡P †du‡c I‡V Ges A¼zwiZ nq| G‡KB gë e‡j|
wcÖRvi‡fwUfm ‡h mKj ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wek¦e¨vcx Aby‡gvw`Z Zv‡ì‡K wcÖRvi‡fwUfm e‡j|
kix‡ii KvVv‡gv I Kvh©KvwiZv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivL‡Z †m․›`h¨© e„w× I wb‡R‡K AvKlY©xq K‡i Zzj‡Z †h mKj `ªe¨
cÖmvabx
eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡ì‡K cÖmvabx e‡j|
282 Kg©gyLx imvqb CHEMISTRY PLUS
 CONCEPT 01 Lv`¨ wbivcËv I Lv`¨ Dcv`vb
 Item-01: wbivcËvi †g․wjK welq¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv-
‡g․wjK welq Zvrch©c~Y© Z_¨
 Lv‡`ï ch©vßZv m~hv©‡jvK
Dw™¢‡ì kK©iv Lv`¨ •Zwii cÖwµqvÑ 6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
†K¬v‡ivwdj
 Lv‡`ï mnRjf¨Zv Lv`¨ †Kbvi mvg_¨© I MÖn‡Yi mvg_¨©|
 Lv‡`ï mwVK eënvi mwVK wbq‡g ivbœv Kiv, weï× cvwb mieivn Kiv, Lv`¨‡K kw³ I cywó‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii kvixwiK ÿgZv I cwiwgZ Ges mylg Lv`¨ MÖnY|
 WHO Lv`¨ wbivcËvi 5wU w`K wb‡`©kbv:
 `~wlZ ivbv hyw_i msmv‡i wbivc` bq-
`~wlZ ivbv hyw_i msmv‡i wbivc` bq|
    
`~lYgy³ Lv`¨ KvPv I ivbœv Lv`¨ c„_K Kiv h_vh_ ivbœv Lv`¨ msiÿY wbivc` cvwb
 Item-02: Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w×‡Z Lv`¨ wbivcËvi cÖavb kZ© : †R‡b ivLv DwPZ: N, P I K Dw™¢‡ì †g․wjK Dcv`vb|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb hy³ mvi BDwiqv (NH2)2C = O, A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU NH4NO3, A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU (NH4)2SO4 BZ¨vw`| Giv Dw™¢‡ì e„w×i mnvqK|
dmdivm hy³ mvi TSP ev K¨vjwmqvg WvB nvB‡Wªv‡Rb dm‡dU Ca(H2PO4)2; WvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU (DAP), (NH4)2HPO4 BZ¨vw`| Giv g~‡ji
e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
cUvwkqvg hy³ mvi wgD‡iU Ae cUvk KCl, cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU KNO3 BZ¨vw`| Giv Dw™¢‡ì dzj dj avi‡Y mnvqK|
 webv dzwc dmdm g~jv Kv‡U-
we bv dz wc dmdm g~jv Kv‡U|
     
Dw™¢‡ì e„w× N2 dzj-dj avi‡bi mnvqK cUvwmqvg dmdivm g~‡ji e„w×
 Item-03: wewfbœ wfUvwg‡bi bvg Drm I AfveRwbZ †ivM :
bvg ivmvqwbK bvg AfveRwbZ ‡ivM bvg ivmvqwbK bvg AfveRwbZ ‡ivM
Fat A ‡iwUbj ivZKvbv Water B1 _vqvwgb CoU(16-17) ‡ewi ‡ewi
Soluble D K¨vjwm‡dij wi‡KU Soluble B2 wi‡evd¬vwfb WvigvwUwUm (wRnŸvq cÖ`vn)
(Pwe©‡Z (cvwb‡Z
`ªexf~Z
E  ‡Uv‡Kv‡dij gvsm †cwk‡Z Uvb B6 wcwiW·j WvigvwUwUm
`ªexf~Z nq)
nq) K wd‡jvKzB‡bvb i³¶iY B12 ‡dvwjK GwmW i³k~Y¨Zv
C A¨vmKiweK GwmW ¯‥vwf©
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : Lv`¨ wbivcËv Kx? [Kz.‡ev. 2016; h.‡ev. 2016; w`.‡ev. 2015, 2017; e.‡ev. 2019; h.‡ev. 2019]
DËi : Lv`¨ wbivcËv n‡jv weÁvbm¤§Z wKQz bxwZgvjv hv Lv`ë¯‧i cÖwµqvRvZKiY n‡Z ïiæ K‡i msiÿY ch©šÍ mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbv †`q|
cÖkœ-02 : Lv`¨MÖn‡Yi ci kix‡i BMR †e‡o hvq| BMR wK? DËi: Basal Metabolic Rate [BUET. 2019-20]
cÖkœ-03 : Water Soluble wfUvwgb¸‡jvi bvg wjL? DËi: Concept-01, Item-03.
cÖkœ-04 : wfUvwgb-E wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? DËi: †Uv‡Kv‡dij bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION JU
01. gvwU‡Z A¤øZ¡ Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq- [JU-D, Set-Q. 2019-20]
DU
A. wWbvgvBU Ges A¨v‡gvwbqvg Kve©‡bU
01. Bwiw_ªUj n‡jv- [DU-Ka. 2015-16]
B. cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU Ges A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU
A. An enzyme B. A non-caloric sweetener C. K¨vjwmqvg mycvi dm‡dU Ges WvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU
C. An amino acid D. An anti-oxidant D. †KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi t B. A non-caloric sweetener mwVK DËi: C. K¨vjwmqvg mycvi dm‡dU Ges WvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU
e¨vL¨v: CH2–CH–CH–CH2 CoU
OH OH OH OH 01. _vqvwgb cvIqv hvq †Kvb Lv‡`¨? [CoU-A. 2016-17]
A. Kgjv B. KvRy ev`vg C. AvgjwK D. U‡g‡Uv
It is about 60-80% as sweet as sucrose. GwU‡K tetra-hydroxy mwVK DËi: B. KvRy ev`vg
weD‡UbI e‡j| e¨vL¨v: wfUvwgb we1 †K _vqvwgb e‡j|
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION 02. gvbe‡`‡ni ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvB‡µvwgbv‡ij †KvbwU?
[MBSTU-A.2016-17]
A. Na B. Fe C. Al D. Ca
JUST mwVK DËi: B. Fe
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wfUvwgb G webó K‡i- [JUST-C.2017-18]
A. Cu I Fe B. Zn I Mg C. Zn I Fe D. Ni I Cu HSTU
mwVK DËi: A. Cu I Fe 01. ‡KvbwU Lv`¨ wbivcËvi wfwË bq? [HSTU-D.2017-18]
e¨vL¨v: Cu, Fe, Co I Pwe© RvZxq Lv`¨ wfUvwgb G webó K‡i| A. ch©vß Lv`¨ cÖvwß B. Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w×
02. HbA1C wK? [JUST-C.2017-18] C. Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi mvg_©¨ D. Lv‡`ï mwVK eënvi
A. gvK©vi B. ni‡gvb C. GbRvBg D. wfUvwgb mwVK DËi: B. Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w×
mwVK DËi: C. GbRvBg e¨vL¨v: Lv`¨ wbivcËv wfwË 3wU nj-
e¨vL¨v: HbA1C g~jZ Glycated haemoglobin hv gvbe‡`‡ni cøvRgv
(i) Lv‡`ï ch©vßZv (ii) Lv‡`ï mnRjf¨Zv (iii) Lv‡`ï mwVK eënvi|
Møy‡Kv‡Ri Mo NbgvÎv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| HbA1C †U÷ K‡i gvbe‡`‡n
02. Aw·‡Rb †kvlYKvix Gw›U Aw·‡W›U nj? [HSTU-A.2016-17]
Wvqv‡ewUKm Gi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv nq|
A.wfUvwgb A B. mvjdvBU jeY
MBSTU
C. wfUvwgb K D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
01. ni‡gvb •Zix nq wK Øviv? [MBSTU-A1.2017-18]
A. ‡cÖvwUb B. Pwe© C. kK©iv D. wfUvwgb mwVK DËi: B. mvjdvBU jeY
mwVK DËi: A. ‡cÖvwUb e¨vL¨v: Aw·‡Rb †kvlYKvix Gw›U Aw·‡W›U wfUvwgb-C, Vit-E Ges mvjdvBU
e¨vL¨v: ivmvqwbK fv‡e AwaKvsk ni‡gvb †ccUvBW, †cÖvwUb, MøvB‡Kv‡cÖvwUb ev RvZxq jeY|
†÷i‡qW RvZxq|
 CONCEPT 02 Lv`¨ msiÿY †K․kj, msiÿ‡Ki eënvi I Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Yi cÖwµqv

 Item-01: Aby‡gvw`Z ivmvqwbK dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm 09wU
SODIUM-LAMPS ARE SO CUTE
SODIUM L A M P S Are So Cute
†mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU j¨vKwUK GwmW GwmwUK GwmW wg_vBj c¨viv‡eb cUvwkqvg mi‡eU †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU Ges †mvwWqvg †cÖvcvb‡qU - SO2 mvBwUªK GwmW
NaNO3 C3H6O3 CH3COOH C8H8O3 C6H7KO2 C7H5NaO2 C3H5NaO2 C6H8O7
 Item-02: A. Lv`¨ bó nIqvi cÖavb KviY :

RxevYy (e¨vK‡Uwiqv, Có, †gvìm) cÖfv‡e cPb N‡U|
GbRvBg ev Dr‡mPK cÖfv‡e Aw·‡Rb mn ivmvqwbK RviY ev we‡hvRb N‡U|
avZe Avqb cÖfv‡e •Zj I Pwe©hy³ Lv`¨ e¯‧‡Z RviY ev we‡hvRb wewµqv N‡U|
 Lv`¨ e¯‘‡K wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq †i‡L cPbkxj Lv`ë¯‘‡K `xN©Kvj msiÿY Kivi c×wZ :
c×wZ Av‡jvPbv
(i) cvwbi mwµqZv (aw) ev Water Activity : wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq Lv`ë¯‧‡Z _vKv Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY Ges Lv`ë¯‧i
Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡k _vKv Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigv‡Yi AbycvZ †K cvwbi mwµqZv ejv nq|
(ii) cvwbi mwµqZv Gi gvb 0 (k~b¨) †_‡K 1 Gi g‡a¨ aiv nq|
Lv`ë¯‘ ï®‥KiY c×wZ (iii) cvwb-ev®úwenxb m¤ú~Y© ï®‥ Lv`ë¯‧‡Z aw = 0 aiv nq| G‡Z †Kvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv, Có ev QÎvK Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i bv|
(iv) Lv`¨ e¯‧‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w×i Rb¨ aw > 0.90; Có Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ aw > 0.88 Ges QÎvK Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ aw > 0.80 n‡Z nq|
(v) Lv`¨ e¯‧‡Z †K․UvRvZ Ki‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cvwbi mwµqZv (aw) Gi gvb 0.6 Gi Kg ivLv nq| d‡j G cwi‡e‡k
e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w× ev Có wKsev QÎvK Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i bv|
(i) wd«wRs ev kxZjKiY : G ¯Í‡i 0C – 4C wb¤œZvcgvÎvq mvaviY wd«‡R Lv`ë¯‘ msiÿY Kiv nq|
Lv`ë¯‘ kxZjxKiY c×wZ (ii) wWcwd«wRs ev wngvqb : G ¯Í‡i –5C †_‡K –18C wb¤œZvcgvÎvq ev wWc wd«wRs (deep freezing)-G Lv`ë¯‧
msiÿY Kiv nq| wWc wd«wRs Ae¯vq e¨vK‡Uwiqv (–5C †_‡K –10C G) m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbw®…q n‡q c‡o|
 Lv`¨ msiÿK ev dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm‡K g~jZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq :
(i) Lv`¨ jeY (NaCl) Øviv Lv`¨ msiÿY : cPbkxj Lv`ë¯‧‡K Lv`¨ jeY (NaCl) ev Gi Mvp `ªeY Øviv msiÿY
A. cÖwµqv‡K wKDwis (curing) ejv nq| gvQ, gvsm, KuvPv dj I mewR‡K wKDwis c×wZ‡Z msiÿY Kiv hvq|
cÖvK…wZK dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm (ii) mwilvi †Zj Øviv Lv`¨ msiÿY : Av`ª©Zvgy³ mwilvi †Zj, e¨vK‡Uwiqv I dvsMvm Rb¥v‡Z evav †`q|
MAT(17-18); RUc3(17-18); (iii) wPwb Øviv Lv`ë¯‘ msiÿY : wPwbi Mvp `ªeY ev wmiv‡ci ms¯ú‡k© e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li ga¨¯ Rjxq Ask‡K wPwbi
JUA(17-18; BSMRSTU-H (16-
17); JnU(16-17); JUD(16-17);
Mvp `ªeY Awf¯ªeY ev Am‡gvwmm cÖwµqvq ï‡l †bq| d‡j e¨vK‡Uwiqv webó nq|
JUA3(17-18) (iv) A¨vj‡Kvnj : weï× CH3CH2OH (70–95%) me‡P‡q kw³kvjx wcÖRvi‡fwUfm|
(v) wf‡bMvi : 6–10% B_vbwqK GwmW hv eûj eëüZ cÖPwjZ cÖvK…wZK wcÖRvi‡fwUfm|
 B. K…wÎg wcÖRvi‡fwUfm: [KUA(17-18); JnU(17-18)]
Kvh©µg msiÿK ev wcÖRvi‡fwUfm AvµvšÍ AYyRxe eënv‡ii m‡ev©”P gvÎv

†mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU
Có I †gvì 200 ppm
(C6H5CO2Na)
†mvwWqvg mi‡eU
‡gvì 200 ppm
(C5H7CO2Na)
Gw›UgvB‡µvweqvj A¨vwmwUK GwmW (wf‡bMvi) [CH3COOH] AvPvi, PvUwb, mm&& 6–10%
†cÖvcv‡bv‡qUmg~n (CH3CH2CO2)2Ca Có I †gvì 0.1–0.3%
KHSO3, SO2 Có I †gvì 200 ppm
mvBwUªK GwmW (C6H8O7) AYyRxe 200–350 ppm
Gw›UgvB‡µvweqvj
(K¬mwUªwWqvg NaNO3, NaNO2, KNO3, KNO2 mvgyw`ªK gvQ I gvsm msiÿY 120 ppm
eUzwjbvg)
weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb (BHT), C15H24O ‡gvì 200 ppm
Gw›UAw·‡W›U weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· Gwbmj (BHA), C11H16O2 Có I ‡gvì 100 ppm
JUST-B(16-17)
tert-weDUvBj nvB‡Wªv KzB‡bvb (TBHQ) C10H14O2 Có I †gvì 100 ppm
myMÜKviK, †hgb- d‡ji G‡mÝ| myM× e¯‧ Lv`ë¯‧‡K myMÜ I MÖnYxq Kivi Rb¨|
Bgvjwmdvqvi †hgb- †jwmw_b (E 322), ev A¨vwmwUK •Zj RvZxq c`v_©‡K cvwb‡Z wgwkÖZ Kivi Rb¨
•Zj-Pwe©‡K cvwb‡Z wgkÖ‡Yi Rb¨
Gwm‡Wi wMømvivBW G÷vi| eëüZ nq|
dzW A¨vwWwUfm
iwOb e¯‧ (Colouring) WvB (dye) •Zwi Kiv Lv`ë¯‧‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ is m„wó|
wPwb Qvov wfbœ wgwóKviK| wkïi ùvZ ÿq‡ivaK,
miweUj, C6H8(OH)6 (E 420) wgwóKviK (Sweetener)
Wvqv‡ewUK PK‡jU, †ivMxi wnZKi|
we.`ª. : BD‡ivwcqvb KwgDwbwU KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z wewfbœ dzW A¨vwWwU‡fi wbw`©ó b¤î E Gi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K; †hgb miweUj n‡jv E 420
wbwl× wcÖRvi‡fwUfm: SO2, CaC2
 C. wK‡jwUs G‡R›U : [HSTU-A: 2016-2017]
Lv`ë¯‧i ga¨¯ wewfbœ Ae¯všÍi avZzi Avqb‡K `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mwbœ‡ek eÜb Øviv Ave× ivL‡Z †h ivmvqwbK †h․M eëüZ nq, G‡ì‡K wK‡jwUs G‡R›U
e‡j| Lv`ë¯‧ msiÿ‡Y wkí‡ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk eëüZ wK‡jwUs G‡R›U n‡jv EDTA [ethylene-diamine-tetra acetate, (–O2C–H2C)2 N–CH2CH2–N
(CH2CO–2)2] GQvov Bw_wjb WvBA¨vwgb (H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2) wK‡jwUs G‡R›U wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
 A¨vw›U Aw·‡W‡›Ui cÖKvi‡f` :

A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U cÖKvi‡f` g‡b ivLvi wUªKm
gy³ g~jK (i) weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb (BHT), C15H24O  weweUv †cÖMb¨v›U-
†kvlYKvix (ii)weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· Gwbmj (BHA), C11H16O2 we we Uv †cÖMb¨v›U
tert-weDUvBj nvB‡Wªv KzB‡bvb (TBHQ) C10H14O2
(iii)    
(iv)‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU (C10H12O5) BHA BHT TBHQ †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU
Aw·‡Rb (i) wfUvwgb-C (ii) wfUvwgb-E (iii) mvjdvBU jeY  BSC Engineering-
†kvlYKvix (v)  K¨v‡ivwUb / Vit–A B C S
Engineering
   
 (weUv) K¨v‡ivwUb/Vit.-A mvjdvBU jeY Vit.-C Vit.-E
cÖvK…wZK (i) wfUvwgb-C ev GmKiweK GwmW (ii) wfUvwgb-E ev  ECB †mZz-
U‡Kv‡dij (iii) weUv () K¨v‡ivwUb E C B ‡mZz
(iv) AavZz †m‡jwbqvg, Se(34)    
Vit.-E Vit.-C -K¨v‡ivwUb Se
K…wÎg (i) BHA (ii) BHT (iii) TBHQ (iv) †cÖvcvBj  fvwe‡ì fvB‡qi cÖwZ Uvb-
M¨v‡jU fvwe‡ì fvB‡qi cÖwZ Uvb
   
BHT BHA †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU TBHQ
 Item-02: Lv`¨ msiÿY †K․kj- ASPECT SERIES 
†K․kj Kx Kiv nq D`vniY

‡K․UvRvZKiY (Canning) Lv`¨ wm× K‡i †K․Uvq eÜ K‡i ivLv nq| me ai‡Yi †K․UvRvZ Lv`¨ †hgb: gvsm, mewR, my¨c, dj
ï®‥KiY (Drying) m~‡h©i Zv‡c ev I‡f‡b Lv`¨ ïKv‡bv nq ï®‥ Lvevi †hgb: ï®‥ gvQ, dj|
wngvwqZKiY (Freezing) Lv`¨‡K wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq `ªæZ wngvwqZKiY wngvwqZ gvQ, gvsm, gUiïwU, wewfbœ Rym|
Av‡gi AvPvi wgkª mewRi AvPvi ‡hgb- evwYwR¨K
wcKwjs: †Z‡j (AvPviRvZKiY) (Pickling) Lv`¨ wm× K‡i gkjvhy³ K‡i †Z‡j wbgw¾Z Kiv nq
Piccalilli/ mastard pickle
wcKwjs: wf‡bMvi Lv`¨‡K wbex©R K‡i wf‡bMvimn †evZjRvZ Kiv nq imy‡bi AvPvi, gwi‡Pi AvPvi
mwës (Salting) Mvp je‡Yi `ªe‡Y Lv`¨ Wywe‡q ivLv nq jeYv³ gvQ
ivmvqwbK wcÖRvi‡fwUf K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvcvb‡qU, NaNO3, NaNO2, SO2, NaHSO3,
Lv‡`ï m‡½ wewfbœ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ †hvM Kiv nq|
(Chemical preservatives) KHSO3, digvwjb, B_vbj, WvB †mvwWqvg EDTA
B‡jK‡Uªv‡cv‡ikb (Electroporation) we`y¨r †ÿÎ hy³ cv‡Î Lv`ë¯‧ †i‡L we`y¨rcvjm cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq d‡ji Rym msiÿY
 Item-03: K¨vwbs ev †K․UvRvZKiY

 gv‡Q 24Ñ35% KwVb c`v_©, 14Ñ20% †cÖvwUb, 0.2Ñ20% Pwe©, 1Ñ1.8% LwbR _v‡K| Pwe©‡Z wfUvwgb G I wfUvwgb wW Ges †`‡n
wfUvwgb we Ges nvomn K¨vwbsK…Z gvsm K¨vjwmqvg I dmdiv‡mi fvj Drm|
gv‡Qi †K․UvRvZKiY
 gv‡Qi AvZ¥iÿvi Kv‡R eëüZ MøvB‡Kv‡Rb g„Zzï ci j¨vKwUK Gwm‡W cwiYZ nIqvq e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv K‡g hvq|
 RxweZ gvQ e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖwZ‡ivax n‡jI AYyRxe cÖwZ‡ivax bq|
 K¨v‡b fwZ© gvs‡m 2% jeY I 2% wPwbi `ªeY †hvM K‡i dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z 2/3 wgwbU Wzwe‡q ‡i‡L 10 wgwbU Zvc w`‡q me evqy `~ixf~Z
K‡i XvKbv w`‡q wmj Kiv nq| MAT(16-17)
gvs‡mi †K․UvRvZKiY  GK †_‡K †ò N›Uv 121C ZvcgvÎvq wmj Kiv gvsm †÷wijvBR I VvÛv K‡i wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
gyiwMi I cïi gvs‡mi Dcv`vb n‡jv : cvwb 75%, †cÖvwUb 19%, Pwe© 2.5%, Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU 0.3%, A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW 1.65%, A‣Re jeY
0.65%, j¨vKwUK GwmW 0.9%|
Av‡gi †K․UvRvZKiY  Avg †K․UvRvZKi‡Y wPwbi mv‡_ wK eëüZ nq - mvBwUªK GwmW| DAT(17-18); KU(15-16)
 U‡g‡Uv msiÿ‡Y 10% NaCl `ªeY I 5% wPwbi `ªeY eëüZ nq|
U‡g‡Uvi †K․UvRvZKiY  cvwb ùzUb ev_ c×wZ‡Z †K․Uv I †K․Uv ga¨¯ Lv`ë¯‧‡K 85C ZvcgvÎvq GMRmwUs Kiv nq| G Ae¯vq †K․Uv‡K 20-30 wgwbU 100C ZvcgvÎvq
dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z wiUwU©s ev wbe©xRKiY Kiv nq|
 O2 Lv`¨ `ªe¨ cP‡b Ab¨Zg mnvqK| K¨v‡b O2 Gi cwigvY †ewk n‡j Lv`¨ e¯‧‡Z wKQz wKQz •RweK wµqv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| BSMRSTU(16-17); PBSTU(16-17)
 wiUwU©s Gi Lv‡`¨ GwmW †ewk n‡j 90–100C ZvcgvÎvq 30 wgwbU Ges GwmW Kg ev †bB †h Lv‡`¨ †mLv‡b 121C ZvcgvÎvq 1.5 N›Uv †_‡K 2 N›Uv Zvc
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g K¨v‡bi AbyRxe aŸsm cÖvß nq|
 Rvi‡Y cÖvß jNy B_vbwqK GwmW‡K AÜKvi RvqMvq evqywenxbfv‡e `xN©w`b †i‡L †Ìqv‡K GwRs e‡j|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
 BAQ-01: cÖk-œ 1 : dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm Kx? [RUET.2017-18; h.‡ev. 2015; iv.‡ev. 2019]
DËi :wcÖRvi‡fwUfm n‡jv Lv`¨‡K cPb I bó nIqv †_‡K iÿvKvix ivmvqwbK ev cÖvK…wZK c`v_©|
cÖkœ-2 :wKDwis Kx? [iv.‡ev. 2016; Xv.‡ev. 2019]
DËi :Lv`¨ `ªe¨‡K Lvevi jeY ev Gi wbw`©ó NbgvÎvi `ªeY Øviv msiÿY Kivi cÖwµqv‡K wKDwis e‡j|
cÖkœ-3 :wf‡bMvi Kx? [CUET.2017-18; Awfbœ cÖkœ -2018; h.‡ev. 2016]
DËi :B_vbwqK Gwm‡Wi 6-10% Rjxq `ªe‡Yi evwYwR¨K bvg n‡”Q wf‡bMvi ev wmiKv|
cÖkœ-4 :wb‡Pi Q‡K ewY©Z Lv`¨/K…wl cY¨mg~n msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡`q ZvwjKv †_‡K Dchy³ wcÖRvi‡fwUf wbe©vPb Ki| cÖ‡`q wcÖRvi‡fwU‡fi ZvwjKv: jeY
(NaCl), wf‡bMvi, wPwb, CO2 Ges -iwk¥| [BUET. 2019-20]
Solve: c‡Yï bvg wcÖRvi‡fwUfm c‡Yï bvg wcÖRvi‡fwUfm
Hilsha Fish (Bwjk gvQ) jeY (NaCl) Soft drink (†Kvgj cvbxq) CO2
Pickle (AvPvi) wf‡bMvi Crop seed (km¨ exR) -iwk¥
Jelly (†Rjx) wPwb wf‡bMvi n‡”Q 6-10% CH3COOH Gi Rjxq `ªeY|
cÖkœ-5 : †LRy‡ii im †_‡K wf‡bMvi Drcv`‡b msNwUZ wewµqvmg~n wjL| [JnU: 2018-19]
e¨vL¨v: AvL ev †LRy‡ii i‡m 16-20% my‡µvR wPwb (C12H22O11) _v‡K| my‡µvR †_‡K wf‡bMvi Drcv`‡bi wewµqvmg~n wb¤œiƒc|
Bbfvi‡UR RvB‡gR
C12H22O11 + H2O ––––––– ) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ; 2C6H12O6 ––––––– CH3CH2OH + 4CO2
370C 20 – 250C
A¨vwm‡Uve¨v±i
CH3CH2OH (10%) ––––––––– CH3COOH (6 – 10% B_vbwqK GwmW) + H2O
 SAQ-02: wcÖRvi‡fwUfm I †K․UvRvZKiY: ASPECT SERIES 
cÖkœt mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi ivmvqwbK ms‡KZ wjL? Dt C6H8O7|

cÖkœt wf‡bMv‡ii ivmvqwbK bvg wK? Dt A¨vwmwUK GwmW|
cÖkœt AYyRxe eskwe¯Ív‡ii AbyK~j pH cwimi KZ? Dt 6.5 - 7.5|
cÖkœt wf‡bMvi hy³ Lv‡`ï pH gvb KZ? Dt < 4.5|
cÖkœt cvDiæwU msiÿ‡Y eëüZ nq †KvbwU? Dt †mvwWqvg mi‡eU|
cÖkœt gvsm msiÿ‡Y eëüZ nq? Dt †mvwWqvg bvBUªvBU|
cÖkœt kvK- mewRi eY© wech©q †iv‡a eëüZ nq? Dt mvjdvBU|
cÖkœt gw¯Í®‥ †Kv‡li ÿwZ K‡i †Kvb ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb? Dt †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU|
cÖkœt cvDiæwU msiÿ‡Y wK eëüZ nq? Dt WvBGwm‡UU|
cÖkœt ‡Rwj msiÿ‡Y wK eëüZ nq? Dt mi‡eU|
cÖkœt Pwe©RvZxq Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y wK eëüZ nq? Dt BHAGes BTH eëüZ nq|
cÖkœt cÖvK…wZK fv‡e Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y me‡P‡q †ewk eëüZ wcÖRvi‡fwUfm n‡jv? Dt wf‡bMvi|
cÖktœ wfUvwgb we mg„× kvKmewR‡Z wcÖRvi‡fwUfm iƒ‡c wK eënvi wbwl×? Dt mvjdvBU| [HSTU 16-17]
cÖkœt BHT Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? Dt weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb|
cÖkœt mi‡eU cÖavbZ KZ pH Gi Dc‡i KvR K‡i bv? Dt pH 6.5|
cÖkœt †K․Uv‡K evqy‡ivax Kivi cÖwµqvi bvg wK? Dt GMRmwUs|
cÖkœt †nvqvBU wf‡bMvi †KvbwU? Dt Grain Alcohol Gi g‡a¨ oxygen feeding Kwi‡q A_©vr Rvib NwU‡q White vinegar •Zwi Kiv nq|
cÖkœt A¼zwiZ evwj© †_‡K cÖ¯‧ZK…Z wf‡bMvi‡K wK e‡j? Dt gë wf‡bMvi
cÖkœt wf‡bMvi cÖ¯‧wZ‡Z eëüZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv †KvbwU? Dt gvB‡KvWvg©v A¨vwmwU

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 04. Lv‡`ï cPb NUvi KviY- [JU-A, Set-A. 2019-20]
(i) Lv‡`¨ cvwb _vKv (ii) QÎvK Rš§v‡bv
JnU
(iii) ZvcgvÎv 45C Gi †ewk _vKv
01. †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK wcÖRvi‡fwUf bq? [JnU. 2015-16]
A. mwilvi †Zj B. wPwbi `ªeY C. A¨vwmwUK A¨vwmW D. †KvbwUB bq
A. i, ii B. i, iii C. ii, iii D. i, ii, iii
mwVK DËi: D. †KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi: D. i, ii, iii
e¨vL¨v: cÖvK…wZK wcÖRvi‡fwUfm: wf‡bMvi Gw›UAw·‡W›U (wfUvwgb B, wPwb, jeY,
05. Lv`¨ bó nIqvi cÖavb KviY- [JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20]
†Zj, mwilvi •Zj BZ¨vw`) gmjv (je½, mwilv, †mBR (Sage), _vBg,
i. RxevYy Øviv cPb ii. GbRvBg Øviv RviY iii. AavZe Avq‡bi cÖfve
†ivR‡gwi,Iwi‡Mvbv BZ¨vw`|
02. Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y eëüZ Gw›UAw·‡W›U †KvbwU? [JnU-A.2017-18] A. i, ii B. i, iii C. ii, iii D. i, ii, iii
A. BwWwUG B. weGBPwU C. A¨vwmwUK GwmW D. K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvwcI‡bU mwVK DËi: A. i, ii
mwVK DËi: B. weGBPwU 06. †KvbwU Lv`¨`ªe¨ I exR msi¶‡Yi mgq FYvZ¥K cÖfveK wn‡m‡e eëüZ
e¨vL¨v: mvjdvBU, vit-E, vit-C, BHT, BHA, TBHQ, †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU cÖf„wZ nq? [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20]
ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ Gw›U Aw·‡W›U wcÖRvi‡fwUfm& wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| A. †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU B. A¨vwb‡mvj
03. †KvbwU b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf bq? [JnU. 2016-17; BSMRSTU 2016-17] C. dmdwiK GwmW D. †KvbwUB bq
A. më B. A¨vj‡Kvnj C. wf‡bMvi D. digvwjb mwVK DËi: C. dmdwiK GwmW
mwVK DËi: D. digvwjb 07. †KvbwU †K․Uvq Lv`¨`ªe¨ msiÿ‡Y wPwbi `ªeY? [JU-D, Set-Q. 2019-20]
JU A. 10 - 40% B. 20 - 40% C. 30 - 40% D. 40 - 50%
01. Lv‡`ï cPb NUvi KviYÑ [JU-A.2019-20] mwVK DËi: C. 30 - 40%
i. Lv‡`¨ cvwb bv _vKv ii. fvBivm Rb¥v‡bv e¨vL¨v: ‡K․Uvq Lv`¨`ªe¨ msiÿ‡Y eëüZ mshyw³:wPwbi `ªeY- 30-40%, je‡Yi
o
iii. ZvcgvÎv 45 C Gi †ewk _vKv `ªeY- 7-15% (gvQ-gvsm) Ges kvK-mewR (1.5-2.5%)|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 08. Lv`¨`ªe¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ wcÖRvi‡fwUf †Kvb cÖwZôvb KZ…©K
A. i, ii B. i, iii C. ii,iii D. i,ii, iii Aby‡gvw`Z nq? [JU-D,A : 2018-19]
mwVK DËi: C. ii,iii A. FAO B. BSTI C. FDA D. BCSIR
02. †Kvb pH -G Lv`¨`ªe¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv bó nq bv? [JU-D: 2019-20] mwVK DËi: C. FDA [Ref. Kexi m¨vi]
A. > 4.5 B. < 5.5 C. < 4.5 D. > 5.5 09. †K․UvRvZ gUiïwU †Kvb meyR is w`‡q m‡ZR Kiv nq? [JU-D,Set-B: 2018-19]
mwVK DËi: C. < 4.5 A. E322 B. E142 C. E321 D. E219
03. †K․Uvq kvKmewR msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ Lv`¨ je‡Yi `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? mwVK DËi: B. E142
[JU-D: 2019-20]
A. 0.5 – 1.5% B. 1.0 – 1.5% C. 1.5 – 2.0% D. 1.5 – 2.5% e¨vL¨v: E322 †jwmw_b E321 BHT
mwVK DËi: C. 1.5 – 2.0% E142 wMÖb Gm E219 †mvwWqvg wg_vBj c¨viv‡eb
10. ‡Kvb Dcv`vb Øviv Lv`¨ msiÿY c×wZ‡K wKDwis e‡j? [JU-A1.2017-18]ASPECT SERIES 
iii) ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU
A. jeY B. wf‡bMvi C. digvwjb D. †Zj iv) Uviwmqvwi weDUvBj nvB‡WªKzB‡bvb (TBHQ)
mwVK DËi: A. jeY Vit – C , Vit- E, mvjdvBU nj Aw·‡Rb †kvlYKvix A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U|
e¨vL¨v: jeY Øviv Lv`¨ msiÿY c×wZ‡K wKDwis e‡j| 04. ‡KvbwU Gw›Ue¨vK‡Uwiqvj G‡R›U bq? [RU-H.2016-17]
11. Lv‡`ï †Kvb Dcv`vbwU g~jZ cP‡bi Rb¨ `vqx? [JU-A2.2017-18] A. _vqvwgb B. mi‡eU C. Rvqvwgb D. A¨vmKiweK GwmW
A. wfUvwgb B. jeY C. cvwb D. wPwb mwVK DËi: A. _vqvwgb
mwVK DËi: C. cvwb 05. wf‡bMv‡ii Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? [RU-G2.2015-16;CU.2015-16]
e¨vL¨v: wfUvwgb A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U G‡R›U wn‡m‡e Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y eëüZ nq| A. e¨vK‡Uwiqv †ivaK Zij c`v_©
jeY, wf‡bMvi, wPwb, A¨vj‡Kvnj BZ¨vw` b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm& B. 6–10% diwgK GwmW Gi Rjxq `ªeY
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| C. †QvU exRhy³ KvPv dj msiÿY Kiv nq wf‡bMvi Øviv
12. Gw›U Aw·‡W‡›Ui KvR n‡jv- i. RviY wewµqv‡K gš’i Kiv D. Dc‡ii me¸‡jvB fyj
ii. AYyRxe‡K asm Kiv iii. i³‡K †kvab Kiv| †KvbwU mwVK?[JU-A4.17-18] mwVK DËi: B. 6–10% diwgK GwmW Gi Rjxq `ªeY
A. i I ii B. ii C. ii I iii D. i I iii A¨vwmwUK GwmW Gi 6-10% Rjxq `ªeY/ B_v‡bvwqK
wf‡bMvi
mwVK DËi: A. i I ii Gwm‡Wi jNy Rjxq`ªeY (4-10%)
e¨vL¨v: A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U mg~n RviY wb‡ivaK Ges GwU AYyRxe‡K aŸsm K‡i| mvBWvi wf‡bMvi Av‡c‡ji im dvi‡g‡›Ukb K‡i 4% CH3COOH `ªeY|
13. cÖvK…wZK fv‡e Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y me‡P‡q †ekx eëüZ nq- [JU-A13.2017-18] Av½y‡ii wf‡bMvi Av½y‡ii im dvi‡g‡›Ukb K‡i 4% CH3COOH `ªeY|
A. eªvBb B. wPwb C. wf‡bMvi D. †Zj B_vbj dvi‡g‡›Ukb Øviv cÖvß 4% CH3COOH `ªeY|
w¯úwiU wf‡bMvi
mwVK DËi: C. wf‡bMvi G‡K mv`v wf‡bMviI e‡j|
e¨vL¨v: wf‡bMvi ev wmiKv GKwU AZ¨šÍ eûj eëüZ I cÖPwjZ cÖvK…wZK AsKzwiZ evwj©i dvi‡g‡›Ukb Øviv Drcbœ
gë wf‡bMvi
wcÖRvi‡fwUfm&| Z‡e wf‡bMvi bv _vK‡j wPwb n‡e| 4%CH3COOH `ªeY|
14. TBHQ -Gi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? [JU-D9.2017-18]
KU
A. C8H12O2 B. C9H13O3 C. C10H14O2 D. C14H16O2
mwVK DËi: C. C10H14O2 01. Rym msi¶‡Y bx‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [KU-A,Set-Kha:2018-19]
e¨vL¨v: Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) : C10H14O2 A. wf‡bMvi B. cUvwkqvg †gUvevBmvjdvBU

C. mvjdvi WvB A·vBW D. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
15. †Kvb Lv‡`¨ Lv`¨Zš‘i cwigvY me‡P‡q †ekx? [JU-D. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: D. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
A. euvk †Kvij B. †cu‡c C. ZigyR D. Kijv
mwVK DËi: A. euvk †Kvij
e¨vL¨v: Rym, g` I ïK‡bv dj msiÿ‡Y: KHSO3, SO2, †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
16. ‡KvbwU b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf? [JU-D. 2016-17]
eëüZ nq| Z‡e †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU me‡P‡q †ewk wbivc`|
A. wfUvwgb-A B. mi‡eU C. A¨vj‡Kvnj D. †eb‡Rv‡qU 02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U bq? [KU-A.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: C. A¨vj‡Kvnj A. BHT (C15H24O) B. BHA (C11H16O2)

C. E420[C6H8(OH)6] D. TBHQ (C10H14O2)
e¨vL¨v: Natural Food Preservatives n‡jv- A¨vj‡Kvnj, wPwb, wf‡bMvi, jeY,
mwVK DËi: C. E420[C6H8(OH)6]
Avi •Zj|
e¨vL¨v: Vit- C, Vit- E, BHT, BHA, TBHQ BZ¨vw` nj A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U|
RU
03. KuvVvj †K․UvRvZ Ki‡Z eënvi Kiv nq- [KU. 2015-16]
01. Lv`¨`ªe¨ cP‡b Ab¨Zg mnvqK †KvbwU?
A. GwmwUK GwmW B. mvBwUªK GwmW C. B_vbj D. GmKiweK GwmW
[RU: 2018-19, BSMRSTU. 2016-17, PUST. 2016-17]
A. SO2 B. N2O C. NO2 D. O2 mwVK DËi: B. mvBwUªK GwmW
mwVK DËi: D. O2 e¨vL¨v: dj †K․UvRvZKiY ej‡jB eyS‡Z n‡e mvBwUªK GwmW|
e¨vL¨v: Lv`¨`ªe¨ cP‡b Ab¨Zg mnvqK O2| KviY evZv‡m Av`ª©Zvi Dcw¯wZ‡Z IU
AYyRxe Rb¥vq Ges Lv‡`ï cPb NUvq| 01. A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq? [IU-F,Set-B:2018-19]
02. ‡KvbwU cÖvK…wZK dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf bq? [RU-C3 (‡gNbv-3).2017-18] A. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU B. cUvwmqvg mi‡eU
A. ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU B. ‡mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW C. my‡µvR D. wf‡bMvi C. B_vBj c¨viv‡eb D. †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU
mwVK DËi: A. ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU mwVK DËi: D. †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU
e¨vL¨v: jeY, wPwb (my‡µvR), A¨vj‡Kvnj, wf‡bMvi, †Zj BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK dzW e¨vL¨v: A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›Ut 1) weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· Gwbmj, BHA; 2)
wcÖRvi‡fwUf| weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb, BHT; 3) Uviwmqvwi weDUvBj nvBWªKzB‡bvb
03. gy³ g~jK †kvlYKvix A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U- [RU-C3.2017-18] TBHQ; 4) ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU|
A. wfUvwgb-C B. wfUvwgb-E
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
C. mvjdvBU jeY D. Uviwmqvix weDUvBj nvB‡WªvKzB‡bvb
mwVK DËi: D. Uviwmqvix weDUvBj nvB‡WªvKzB‡bvb JUST
01. wbivc` Lv`¨ msiÿK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †KvbwU? [JUST-B: 2019-20]
e¨vL¨v: gy³ g~jK †kvlYKvix A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U n‡jv- A. †mvwWqvg bvBUªvBU B. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
i) weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· Gwbmj (BHA) C. K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW D. K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvcvb‡qU
ii) weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb (BHT) mwVK DËi: B. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
02. †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ msi¶K bq? [JUST-A: 2018-19] Tex.Eng.Clg.
A. wPwb B. digvwjb C. wf‡bMvi D. jeY 01. Antioxident for preserving food- [Tex.Eng.Clg. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: B. digvwjb A. EDTA B. C6H12O6 C. CH3COOH D. BHT
e¨vL¨v: cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ msiÿK- jeY, wPwb, A¨vj‡Kvnj wf‡bMvi, mwilvi †Zj BZ¨vw`| mwVK DËi: D. BHT
40% HCHO ‡K digvwjb ejv nq hv K…wÎg Lv`¨ msiÿK| e¨vL¨v: Some free-radical absorbing antioxidants:
03. Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y wbivc` Lv`¨ msiÿK wnmv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq? BHT Butylated hydroxy toluene
[JUST-C.2017-18; IU-F- 2018-19; BAU-Set-Kha 2018-19; MAT 2015-16] BHA Butylated hydroxy anisol
A. K¨vjwmqvg Kv‡e©v‡bU B. K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvcvb‡qU TBHQ Tertiary butyl hydroquinone
C. ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU D. ‡mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU PG Propyl Galate
mwVK DËi: C. ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU wbivc` K…wÎg Lv`¨ msiÿK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
MAT
04. wb‡gœi †KvbwU A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U wcÖRvi‡fwUf?[JUST-B. 2016-17, IU.D-19-20]
01. ‡KvbwU cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ msiÿK? [MAT.2017-18]
A. BHA B. EDTA C. NO3 D. NaHSO4
mwVK DËi: A. BHA A. mvjdvi WvBA·vBW B. mvaviY jeY C. wmjfvi bvB‡Uª U D. digvwjb
BSMRSTU mwVK DËi: B. mvaviY jeY
02. gvsm †K․UvRvZKi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [MAT.2016-17]
01. Lv`¨`ªe¨ msiÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq bv-[BSMRSTU-H. 2019-20]
A. 4% wPwbi `ªeY B. 2% je‡Yi `ªeY
A. jeY B. wPwb C. AYyRxe aŸsmKvix `ªe¨ D. bvBwUªK GwmW
C. 4% je‡Yi `ªeY D. 8% wPwbi `ªeY
mwVK DËi: D. bvBwUªK GwmW
02. wcÖRvi‡fwUfiƒ‡c eëüZ mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi pH Gi gvb KZ n‡e? mwVK DËi: B. 2% je‡Yi `ª e Y
[BSMRSTU-C.2017-18] e¨vL¨v: K¨v‡b fwZ© gvs‡m 2% jeY I 2% wPwbi `ªeY †hvM K‡i dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z
A. 4.74 B. 4.50 C. 3.14 D. 3.10 2/3 wgwbU Wzwe‡q ‡i‡L 10 wgwbU Zvc w`‡q me evqy `~ixf~Z K‡i XvKbv
mwVK DËi: C. 3.14 w`‡q wmj Kiv nq|
HSTU 03. dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf G eëüZ mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi pH gvb KZ?
01. A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U G‡R›U bq †KvbwU? [HSTU-A.2017-18] [MAT. 2014-15; BSMRSTU 2017-18, 2016-17]
A. c¨vivwdb B. mvBwUªK GwmW C. †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU D. wfUvwgb wm A. pH 7.74 B. pH 4.50 C. pH 3.14 D. pH 3.01
mwVK DËi: A. c¨vivwdb mwVK DËi: C. pH 3.14
e¨vL¨v: Vit- C, Vit- E, ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU, mvjdvBW, mvBwUªK GwmW, BHA, e¨vL¨v: dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf G eëüZ mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi pH 3.14
BHT BZ¨vw` n‡jv A¨vw›U-Avw·‡W›U|  A¤øxq cwi‡e‡k mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi A¨vw›U gvB‡µvweqvj Kvh©KvwiZv Av‡Q|
02. ‣Re c`v_©‡K Zvi cvwbi `ªeY n‡Z c„_KxKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Av`k© `ªveK †KvbwU?  Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎv  200-350ppm
[HSTU-D.2017-18] DAT
A. CHCl3 B. C6H6 C. B_vi D. me¸‡jv 01. wbivc` Lv`¨ msiÿK †KvbwU? [DAT. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. me¸‡jv A. †mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU B. K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW
e¨vL¨v: ‣Re c`v_©mg~n cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq n‡jI ‣Re `ªveK †hgb : CHCl3, C. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU D. K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvcv‡qv‡bU
‡ebwRb, B_vi BZ¨vw`‡Z `ªexf~Z nq| mwVK DËi: C. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU
03. EDTA †K ejv nq Ñ [HSTU-A.2016-17]
e¨vL¨v: †mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU, †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU I K¨vjwmqvg †cÖvcv‡qv‡bU
A. Gw›U Aw·‡W›U B. wK‡jwUs G‡R›U C. Gw›U gvB‡µvweqvj G‡R›U D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
me¸‡jvB Lv`¨ msiÿK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wbivc`
mwVK DËi: B. wK‡jwUs G‡R›U n‡jv †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU|
e¨vL¨v: EDTA is a chelating agent that a equesters a variety of 02. mwës cÖwµqvq, Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi mgq wb‡Pi †KvbwU N‡U? [DAT- 2018-19]
polyvalent cations such as calcium. A. Diffusion B. osmosis C. imbibation D. conduction
04. wb‡Pi †Kvb wcªRvi‡fwUf Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y wbwl×? [HSTU-A.2016-17]
mwVK DËi: B. osmosis
A. CaC2 B. CH3COOH C. C6H3O2 D. SO2
e¨vL¨v: mwës ev wKDwis cÖwµqvq KvuPv Av`ª© Lv`¨ †_‡K jeY osmosis cÖwµqvq
mwVK DËi: A. CaC2
Rjxq ev®ú †U‡b †bq| d‡j Av`ª© Abycw¯wZ‡Z AYyRxe Rgv‡Z ev eske„w×
e¨vL¨v: SO2 wkï‡ì Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y wbwl×| wKš‧ CaC2 I digvwjb Lv`¨
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
msiÿ‡Y m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwl×| [Ref. nvRvix m¨vi, c„ôv-486]
Board Ques.
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION 01. Lv`¨`ªe¨ cP‡bi KviY- [mKj †evW©-2018]
RUET i. Pwe©i Dcw¯wZ ii. Lv‡`ï RviY iii. A¨vw›UAw·‡W‡›Ui Afve
01. Avg †K․UvRvZKi‡Y wb‡Pi †Kvb ivmvqwbKwU wcÖRvi‡fwUfm wn‡m‡e eëüZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
nq? [RUET. 2014-15; Dental 2017-18;JUST-19-20 mKj †evW© 2018] A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
A. mvBwUªK GwmW B. ‡mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Kve©‡bU mwVK DËi: D. i, ii I iii
C. ‡mvwWqvg D. GmKiweK GwmW 02. wcÖRvi‡fwUf †KvbwU? [mKj †evW©-2018]
mwVK DËi: A. mvBwUªK GwmW A. Na2SO4 B. NaNO3
e¨vL¨v: Avg †K․UvRvZ Ki‡Y 40% wPwbi `ªeY I 0.2% mvBwUªK GwmW C. CH3COONa D. C6H5COONa
wcÖRvi‡fwUfm wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| mwVK DËi: D. C 6 H 5 COONa
 CONCEPT 03 mvm‡cbkb, Bgvjkb I †Kvqv¸‡jkb
 Item-01: GK bR‡i g~j Av‡jvPbv
cvwifvwlK kã msÁv ev Zvrch© D`vniY ev Z_¨
–5
mvm‡cbkb KYvi AvKvi 10 cm Gi †P‡q eo| Kv`v cvwb ev cvwb‡Z evwj|
Kj‡qW KYvi AvKvi (10–3 cm –10–7 cm) | `ya RvZxq wKQz _vK‡jB Zv K‡jv‡qW| †hgb- `ya, evUvi, wgé Ae g¨vM‡bwmqv|
`ªeY 10–7 cm A‡cÿv ÿz`ªZi| mieZ cvwb‡Z wPwbi KYv `ªexf~Z n‡q hvq|
wµ÷vj‡qW `ªexf~Z Ae¯vq Dw™¢` ev cÖvwYR wSwjø ev cvP©‡g›U KvMR AwZµg K‡i| 1861 mv‡j Ugvm MÖvnvg Kj‡qW Avwe®‥vi K‡ib|
mj Zij Kj‡qW‡K ejv nq-mj| cvwb‡Z AgCl †Nvjv wgkªY n‡jv AgCl Gi nvB‡Wªvmj Avi †avqv n‡jv G‡ivmj
‡Rj KwVb †dR Gi g‡a¨ hw` Zij e¯‧ KYv ewÈZ n‡q `wa, cwbi Ges wewfbœ d‡ji †Rwj|
Kj‡qW MVb K‡i Zv‡K †Rj e‡j|
Bgvjkb GKwU Zij †dR Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb Zij e¯‧KYv ewÈZ n‡j A¨vbwRqvm© Bgvjkb (GKwU Jlya), `ya, gvLb,k¨v¤úy,wµg| MAT(17-18)
†h Kj‡qW cvIqv hvq ZvB Bgvjkb|
‡Kvqv¸‡jkb Bgvjkb bó n‡q RgvU evav‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb e‡j| `ya †_‡K Qvbv MVb| RUc3(17-18); HSTU-A(17-18); DAT(16-17)
 wgkÖY cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi : (1) mgmË¡xq wgkÖY ev ¯^”Q wgkÖY ev `ªeY : †hgb NaCl Gi cvwb‡Z `ªeY|
(2) AmgmË¡xq wgkÖY ev A¯^”Q †Nvjv‡U wgkÖY : evwj I cvwb Ges Al(OH)3 I cvwbi wgkÖY|
 Kj‡qW [2 nm-500 nm]
AmgmË¡xq wgkÖY   mvm‡cbkb [>500nm]  †Kvqv¸‡jkb
 Aat‡ÿc
we.`ª.: M¨vm- M¨vm wm‡÷g me©`vB GKwU `ªeY, KviY GKvwaK M¨vm memgqB GKwU mgmË¡ wgkÖY •Zwi K‡i|
 `ªeY, Kj‡qW I mvm&‡cbkb Ae¯’vq Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv :
wgkÖY †f․Z Ae¯’v KYvi e¨vm (nm) `„k¨gvb gva¨g eªvDbxq MwZ wUÛvj cÖfve D`vniY
`ªeY mgmË¡, ¯^”Q 0.1-2 A`„k¨ MwZnxb †bB NaCl `ªeY, Møy‡KvR `ªeY
Kj‡qW AmgmË¡, A¯^”Q 2-500 AvjUªv gvB‡µv‡¯‥vc MwZ Av‡Q Av‡Q `ya, evUvi wgj&K ,Ae g¨vM‡bwmqv
mvm&‡cbkb AmgmË¡, A¯^”Q >500 mvaviY gvB‡µv‡¯‥vc MwZnxb †bB i³, K‡jiv f¨vK&wmb, cvwb‡Z Kv`vi wgkÖY
 Kj‡qW :
A. Kj‡q‡Wi `kv ev †dR :
`kv we¯ÍvwiZ e¯‘KYv we¯ÍviY gva¨g `kv we¯ÍvwiZ e¯‘KYv we¯ÍviY gva¨g
`ya Pwe© I †cÖvwUb cvwb wgj&K Ae g¨vM‡bwmqv KwVb Mg(OH)2 Gi KYv cvwb
evUvi cvwbi ¸”Q KYv Pwe©‡Xjv wgj&K Ae jvBg Ca(OH)2 cvwb
B. Kj‡q‡Wi myw¯’wZ ev ¯’vwq‡Z¡i KviY :
`ªveK-weKl©x Kj‡q‡Wi ¯’vwq‡Z¡i KviY `ªveK-AvKl©x Kj‡q‡Wi ¯’vwq‡Z¡i KviY
(i) eªvDbxq MwZ
(i) eªvDbxq MwZ (myw¯wZi Ab¨Zg KviY)
(ii) Kj‡qW KYvmg~‡ni GKB Pv‡R©i Dcw¯wZ
(ii) Kj‡qW KYvmg~‡ni GKB Pv‡R©i Dcw¯wZ
(iii) Kj‡qW KYvmg~‡ni `ªveKvqb
C. Kj‡q‡Wi †kÖwYwefvM:
Kj‡qW †kÖYx we¯ÍvwiZ e¯‘KYv we¯ÍviY gva¨g D`vniY g‡b ivLvi wUªKm
KwVb M¨vm †auvqv, evqy‡Z fvmgvb ay‡jv  Kzqvkv‡Z †g‡Ni †avqv fv‡m- Kzqvkv‡Z  Kzqvkv; †g‡Ni †avqv
G‡ivmj
Zij M¨vm Kzqvkv, †gN  †g‡Ni †avqv; fv‡m  evqy‡Z fvmgvb ay‡jv|
Zij KwVb †Rwj, cwbi, `B I  RyZvi Kvwj I cvwb wgwk‡q `B evbvq- RyZvi Kvwj I  RyZvi
†Rj Ry‡Zvi Kvwj Kvwj, †Rj; cvwb wgwk‡q  cwbi; `B evbvq  `B|
†dvg M¨vm Zij cvKv‡bv wµg, mvev‡bi †dbv mvm‡cbk‡bi D`vniY-
Zij Zij `ya, k¨v¤úy, wµg  f¨vK K‡i K‡jiv ai‡j cvwb‡Z i³ co‡e-
Bgvjkb f¨vK K‡i K‡jiv ai‡j cvwb‡Z i³ co‡e
Zij KwVb evUvi
KwVb Zij †cB›U, wgjK& Ae   
mj K‡jiv f¨vKwmb cvwb‡Z Kv`vi wgkÖY i³
g¨vM‡bwmqv
 Item-02: cÖ‡kœvË‡i mvm‡cbkb I †Kvqv¸‡jkb-
mvm‡cbkb †Kvqv¸‡jkb
 mvm‡cbk‡b `ª‡ei Avjv`v Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`Lv hvq  `ywU wecixZ Avavbhy³ mj‡K wgwk‡q t hLb  cixÿvjä dj †_‡K Zuviv †h `ywU wm×v‡šÍ Av‡mb
wKš‧ `ªe‡Y †`Lv hvq bv| `ywU wecixZ Avavbhy³ mj‡K mg‡gvjvi †m¸‡jv‡K m~Î ev wbqg AvKv‡i wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv:
 mvm‡cbk‡bi •ewkó¨ mvm‡cbkb KYvi Abycv‡Z †gkv‡bv nq, ZLb G‡K Aci‡K  eëüZ Zwor we‡kø‡lï †h Avqb¸‡jv Kj‡qW KYvi
AvKvi, gva¨‡gi mv›`ªZv cvkvcvwk KYvi cÖkwgZ K‡i Ges Df‡qB †Kvqv¸‡jkb nq| wecixZ Avavbhy³, ZvivB mj‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi Rb¨
wg_w¯…qvi Dci wbf©ikxj|  ùzUb Øvivt mvaviYfv‡e dzwU‡q †Kv‡bv Kvh©Kix ev `vqx|
 mvm‡cbk‡b wgkÖ‡Yi KYvi Kj‡qW `ª e Y‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kiv hvq|  †Kv‡bv Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi ÿgZv
Sedimentation N‡U wKš‧ Kj‡qW wgkÖ‡Y  Zwor Pvjb Øvivt Zwor Pvjb cÖwµqvi Avq‡bi PvR© ev †hvR¨Zvi mv‡_ mgvbycvwZK A_v©r
KYv fvmgvb Ae¯vq _v‡K, cvZ‡b Ask mvnv‡h¨ Kj‡qW `ªeY‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kiv Avq‡bi PvR© ev †hvR¨Zv hZ †ewk n‡e Gi
†bq bv| hvq| †Kvqv¸‡jkb ÿgZvI ZZ †ewk n‡e|
 mvm‡cbkb Ae¯vq Ily‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv  cybtcyb ev evisevi WvqvjvBwmm Øvivt evi  D`vniYt FYvZ¥K As2S3 mj‡K Aatwÿß Kivi Rb¨
eRvq _v‡K| †hgb Aw·-†UUªvmvBwK¬b evi WvqvjvBwmm K‡i Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_©‡K wb‡Pi abvZ¥K Avqb¸‡jvi †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi µg
mvm‡cbkb| AcmvwiZ K‡i †Kv‡bv mj‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Al3+ > Ba2+ > Na+|
 Ômvm‡cbkb Ae¯vq Ily‡ai wZ³ ¸Y `~i Kiv hvq|  Avevi abvZ¥K Fe(OH)3 †K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Ki‡Z
Kiv hvq| †hgb †K¬vivg‡cwbKj cvjwg‡UU  nvwW©-k~j‡R m~Ît wewfbœ Zwor we‡kø‡lï wØ‡hvRx mvj‡dU Avqb, GK‡hvRx †K¬vivBW ev bvB‡UªU
mvm‡cbkb| wewfbœ mj‡K (Kj‡qW) †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi Avqb A‡cÿv A‡bK †ewk Kvh©Kix nq|
 K‡jiv f¨vK&wmb n‡jv GKwU mvm‡cbkb| ÿgZv wb‡q weÁvbx nvwW© Ges k~j‡R we‡kl  GKwU FYvZ¥K Avavbhy³ Kj‡q‡Wi †Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui
 A‡š¿i (intestine-Gi) B‡gwRs Kv‡R cixÿvÑwbixÿv K‡ib| Kvh©KvwiZv µg n‡jv Ñ
eëüZ BaSO4 wgkÖY n‡jv GKwU [Fe(CN)6]4–>PO43–>SO42–>Cl–
mvm‡cbkb|
we.`ª.: Kj‡qW I mvm‡cbk‡bi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨ n‡jv: KYvi e¨vmva© I cv‡Îi Zjvq Rgv co‡e ev Aat‡ÿc m„wó Ki‡e Kxbv|
Kj‡qW KYvi e¨vm (2nm  500 nm) †_‡K mvm‡cbkb KYvi e¨vm (> 500 nm) A‡bK eo nq|
 FYvZ¥K Avavb wewkó As2S3 †K †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi Rb¨-
Zwor we‡køl¨ NaCl MgCl2 BaCl2 AlCl3
MBSTU-C(16-17)
mwµq Avqb Na+ Mg2+ Ba2+ Al3+
‡Kvqv¸‡jk‡bi Rb¨ B‡jK‡UªvjvBU (m mol) 52 0.72 0.69 0.093
 abvZ¥K Avavbwewkó Fe(OH)3 m‡ji †Kvqv¸‡jkb-
Zwor we‡køl¨ KBr K2Cr2O7 K2SO4 K2C2O4 K3[Fe(CN)6]
mwµq Avqb (A¨vbvqb) Br– Cr2O72– SO42– C2O42– [Fe(CN)6]3–
‡Kvqv¸‡jk‡bi Rb¨ B‡jK‡UªvjvBU (m mol) 138 0.19 0.210 0.238 0.096
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : mvm‡cbkb Kv‡K e‡j? [Awfbœ cÖkœ- 2018; Xv.‡ev. 2017; h.‡ev. 2016; wm.‡ev. 2016; w`.‡ev. 2016; Kz.‡ev. 15]
DËi : mvm‡cbkb n‡jv †mB AmgmË¡ wgkÖY hv‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kvj‡q‡Wi KYv¸‡jv hLb AvKv‡i eo n‡q mvaviY AYyexÿY h‡š¿ `„k¨gvb nq| ZLb Zv‡K Kj‡qW
bv e‡j mvm‡cbkb ev cÖj¤^b e‡j|
cÖkœ-02 : †Kvqv¸‡jkb Kv‡K e‡j? [P.‡ev. 2017; Xv.‡ev. 2016; w`.‡ev. 2015]
DËi : K‡jv‡qW `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_© ‡hvM K‡i Kj‡qW `ªe‡Yi KYvi Aat‡ÿc ev Kj‡qW KYv I we¯Ívi gva¨‡gi ci®úi `~‡i m‡i hvIqv‡K
†Kvqv¸‡jkb e‡j|
cÖkœ-03 : Kj‡qW Kv‡K e‡j? [P.‡ev. 2019; h.‡ev. 2019; Kz.‡ev. 2016; e.‡ev. 2015; iv.‡ev. 2017]
DËi : AmgmË¡xq wgkÖ‡Y A`ªeYxq KYv¸‡jvi AvKvi 2-500 nm n‡j Ges me©Î mgfv‡e weivR Ki‡j Giƒc wgkÖY‡K Kj‡qW ejv nq| †hgb: `ya
cÖkœ-04 : Kj‡qW KYvi AvKvi KZ? DËi: KYvi AvKvi (10–9 m –10–5 m)|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 02. cwbi GK ai‡bi- [JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20]
A. A¨v‡ivmj B. †dvg C. †Rj D. mj
JU mwVK DËi: C. †Rj
01. †gN GK ai‡bi– [JU-A, Set-A. 2019-20]
03. †KvbwU cvwb‡Z †Z‡ji Bgvjmb? [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20]
A. †Rj B. †dvg C. A¨v‡ivmj D. Bgvjkb A. `B B. cvwbi C. cywWs D. `ya
mwVK DËi: C. A¨v‡ivmj mwVK DËi: D. `ya
e¨vL¨v: GbvwR©qvm Bgvjkvb (GKwU Ilya), `ya, gvLb n‡jv cÖPwjZ Bgvjkvb| CoU
`ya n‡jv cvwb‡Z Pwe©i KYvi Bgvjkvb Ges gvLb n‡jv Pwe©‡Z cvwbi KYvi 02. Kj‡qW KYvi †f․Z Ae¯’v †KvbwU? [CoU-A. 2016-17]
Bgvjkvb| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡e, `ywU Zi‡ji wgkÖY Ki‡jB Bgvjkvb nq bv A. mgmË¡xq, ¯^”Q wgkÖY B. AmgmË¡xq, A¯^”Q wgkÖY
†hgb- †Zj I cvwb| `ya GKwU w¯wZkxj Bgvjkvb| [Ref. ¸n m¨vi] C. AmgmË¡xq, ¯^”Q wgkÖY D. †KvbwUB bq
04. †KvbwU mvm‡cbkb-G `ª‡ei KYvi e¨vm? [JU-D: 2019-20] mwVK DËi: B. AmgmË¡xq, A¯^”Q wgkÖY
A. > 10–3cm B. > 10–4cm C. > 10–5cm D. > 10–2cm
mwVK DËi: C. > 10 cm –5 STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
RU MBSTU
01. `ya †_‡K Qvbv cvIqvi cÖwµqv n‡jv- [RU-C3 2017-18; DAT. 2016-17] 01. †ccUvB‡Rkb c×wZ‡Z •Zix Kiv nq †KvbwU? [MBSTU-C. 2019-20]
A. Av`ª© we‡kølY B. dvi‡g‡›Ukb C. ‡Kvqv¸‡jkb D. Aw·‡Wkb A. †Rj B. mvm‡cbkb C. Kj‡qW D. `ªeY
mwVK DËi: C. ‡Kvqv¸‡jkb mwVK DËi: C. Kj‡qW
02. KjqWvj `ªe‡Yi Pvwiw`‡K Av‡jv Qov‡bvi (light scattering) ag©‡K ejv 02. FYvZ¡K As2S3 Kj‡q‡Wi †Kvqv¸‡jk‡b me©vwaK ÿgZvi †Kvqv¸‡j›U †KvbwU?
[MBSTU-B.2016-17]
nq Ñ [RU-H.2016-17]
A. NaCl B. KCl C. AlCl3 D. BaCl2
A. d¨viv‡W B‡d± B. wUbWvj B‡d±
mwVK DËi: C. AlCl3
C. eªvDwbqvg B‡d± D. B I C Df‡qB
mwVK DËi: B. wUbWvj B‡d± e¨vL¨v: FYvZ¥K As2S3 mj‡K Aatwÿß Kivi Rb¨ abvZ¥K Avqb¸‡jvi
KU ‡Kvqv¸‡jkb Kivi µg Al3+>Ba2+>Na+
01. Kj‡qW G we`¨gvb KYvi e¨vm KZ b¨v‡bvwgUvi? [KU-Rx:A: 2016-17]
BSMRSTU
A. 0.1-2.0 B. 2-500 C. 500-1000 D. 1000-1200 01. A‡š¿i B‡gwRs Kv‡R eëüZ BaSO4 wgkªY wb‡gœi †Kvb †kªwYfy³?
[BSMRSTU-C. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: B. 2-500 A. †Kvqv¸‡j›U B. Aat‡ÿc C. mvm‡cbkb D. Kj‡qW
e¨vL¨v: wewfbœ KYvi AvKvi e¨vm t- mwVK DËi: C. mvm‡cbkb
`ªeY  (0.1-2) nm ,Kj‡qW  (2-500) nm ,mvm‡cbkb  500 nm
 CONCEPT 04 `y» I `y» Dcv`vb c„_KxKiY

 Item-01: `y‡ai cywó¸Y I mshyw³ (kZKiv)
 `y‡ai Dcv`vb 
cÖvYx cvwb Pwe© (Fat) ‡cÖvwUb j¨vK‡UvR LwbR Dcv`vb wfUvwgb Lv`¨ K¨vjwi (K.cal/100g)
gvbyl 87.1 4.5 0.9 7.1 0.2 A, B, C, D 72
Mvfx 87.8 3.5 3.1 4.6 0.7 A, B, C, D 66
QvMj 87.0 4.2 3.3 4.8 0.7 A, B, C, D 70
†fov 82.0 7.2 4.6 4.8 0.9 A, B, C, D 102
gwnl 82.7 7.4 3.6 5.5 0.8 A, B, C, D 110
DU 87.6 5.3 3.0 3.3 0.8 A, B, C, D 76
we‡kl Z_¨: gwn‡li `y‡a Pwe© I Lv`¨ K¨vjwii gvb me‡P‡q †ewk, †fovi `y‡a †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk,
Mvfxi `y‡a cvwbi cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk I gvby‡li `y‡a j¨vK‡Uv‡Ri cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk|
 `y‡ai cywó¸Y 
`y» MÖwš ev g¨vgvwi Mø¨vÛ †_‡K wbtm„Z mv`v e‡Y©i Zij c`v_©| Mvfxi `y‡ai Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ n‡jv 1.029 - 1.039
`y‡ai Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ j¨vK‡UvwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvcv nq `y‡ai pH Gi gvb n‡jv 6.6 – 6.9
`y‡ai cÖavb Dcv`vb cvwb| (90%) `y‡ai cÖavb Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (kK©iv) nj j¨vK‡UvR hv GKwU Awgó Avwgl|
j¨vK‡UvR we‡køwlZ n‡q M¨vjv‡±vR I Møy‡Kv‡R cwiYZ nq| `y‡a `ywU †cÖvwUb i‡q‡Q t K¨v‡mBb (cÖavb †cÖvwUb 80%) Ges j¨vKUvjeywgb (AcÖavb †cÖvwUb 20%)
K¨v‡mBb GKwU dm‡dv‡cÖvwUb Ges c~Y©v½ †cÖvwUb| `y‡a Pwe© (d¨vU Ges wjwcW 3.5-6% ch©šÍ) n‡q _v‡K|
K¨v‡ivwUb, R¨vwšb Gi Kvi‡Y `ya nj‡` †`Lvq| `y‡ai cÖavb LwbR c`v_© nj cUvwkqvg, K¨vjwmqvg Ges †K¬vivBW|
`y‡ai cÖavb wfUvwgb n‡jvÑ A, B, C, E| [RU-H3 17-18] me©vwaK kw³ _v‡K †fovi `y‡a|
`y‡ai cÖavb LwbR Dcv`vb: `y‡ai cÖavb LwbR Dcv`vbmg~n n‡jv: Ca2+ (0.12%), K+ (0.13%), Na+ (0.05%), Mg2+ (0.02%), P(0.09%), Cl (0.11%)|
 `y‡ai evwYwR¨Ki‡Y Abym„Z c×wZ :
`y‡a _vKv m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ †ivMRxevYy (†hgb Avgvkq, K‡jiv, h²v) wbw®…q Kivi cÖwµqv‡K cv¯‧ivqb e‡j|
cv¯‧ivqb `yB c×wZ‡Z Kiv nq|
cv¯‘ivqb
(i) Holder c×wZ: G c×wZ‡Z `ya‡K 63C - 60C ZvcgvÎvq AbwaK 30 wgwbU DËß K‡i `ªæZ 10C G kxZj Kiv nq|
(ii) HTST c×wZ: HTST c×wZ‡Z `ya‡K `ªæZ 74C ZvcgvÎvq 15 †m‡KÛ DËß K‡i `ªæZ 10C G kxZj Kiv nq|
 Item-02: `ya †_‡K Dcv`vb c„_KxKiY ASPECT SERIES 
`ya †_‡K gvLb c„_KxKiY gvLb †_‡K wN Gi Drcv`b

 gvLb n‡jv `y‡ai †¯œn RvZxq c`v‡_©i Bgvjkb|  wN ‡Z 99–99.5% Fat _v‡K Ges 0.5–1%
 gvLb evbv‡bvi Rb¨ `ya‡K †mw›UªwdDR Kiv nq| H2O _v‡K| 1g wN‡Z 9 Kcal kw³ cvIqv hvq|
 gvLb cvwb gy³ Kiv nq  gvLb‡K †mw›UªwdDR K‡i|  msiÿY N‡U: 6–12 gvm (¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq)
 gvL‡bi MjbvsK 32–35C|  wN cÖ¯‧wZi PzovšÍ ZvcgvÎv 120C
 gvL‡b 80-82% †mœn, 16-18% cvwb I 0.8% `y» †cÖvwUb _v‡K|  gvLb n‡Z Avjv`vK…Z cvwb cywóKi I cvbxq‡hvM¨|
 `ya‡K †b‡o Pwe© c„_K Kivi c×wZ‡K Churning e‡j| ZvcgvÎv 16.20C  gvLb 30C Zv‡c Mj‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j 64C
 60–62C ZvcgvÎvq cv¯‧ivB‡Rkb ev AYyRxe gy³ Kiv nq| ZvcgvÎvq Mjb †kl nq, †cÖvwUb KYv fvm‡Z
 GbRvBg ev ÿwZKviK AYyRxe‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ 95C ev Zvi †ewk ZvcgvÎvq DËß Kiv cv¯‧ivB‡Rkb| _vK‡jI 120C ZvcgvÎvq c¨v‡bi Zjvq Rgv
 kxZj µxg fvj K‡i bvov nq (evUvi wbwWs)| GwU Ki‡j gvLb Avjv`v nq| G Kv‡R Kv‡Vi nq hv †KwRb bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Wªv‡gi •Zwi evUvi Pvbv©i eëüZ nq|  wN-‡K †jvnv ev Zvgvi cv‡Î, msMÖn bv K‡i
 gvLb‡K evwU‡Z wb‡q VvÛv cvwb w`‡q wibR Ki‡j jywK‡q _vKv gvLb `ya ‡_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m| wU‡bi †K․Uvq msMÖn K‡i m~h©v‡jvK †_‡K `~‡i
 cvwbi is AcwiewZ©Z _vKv ch©šÍ GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| d‡qj RvZxq KvM‡R 12C Gi ivL‡Z nq| wN Gi eY© nvjKv njy` hv Kg
†P‡q Kg ZvcgvÎvq G‡K msiÿY Kiv nq| ZvcgvÎvq Zij hv‡Z Gw›U Aw·‡W›U _v‡K|
we‡kl Z_¨: AvšÍR©vwZK gvb Abymv‡i DbœZ gvL‡b 80% `y» Pwe©, 16-17% cvwb, 0.6-0.8% †cÖvwUb, 0.4-0.5% kK©iv _v‡K|
gvLb wfUvwgb-G Gi DrK…ó Drm| kZMÖvg gvL‡bi Lv`¨gvb 730 wK‡jvK¨vjwi|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-01 : `ya †Kvb ai‡bi wgkÖY? cv¯‘ivqb Kx? `ya cv¯‘ivq‡bi avcmg~n D‡jøL Ki| [JnU. 2019-20]
DËi : `ya GKwU Kj‡qW| `ya n‡jv cvwb‡Z Pwe© KYvi Kj‡qW| Zvc cÖ‡qv‡M `ya‡K RxevYygy³ Kivi cÖwµqv‡K cv¯‧ivB‡Rkb ev cv¯‧ivqb ejv nq|
cv¯‘ivB‡Rkb ev cv¯‘ivq‡bi avcmg~n :
63–66˚C ZvcgvÎv
pH gvb 30 wgwbU
`ªæZ kxZjxKiY c¨v‡KU K‡i msMÖn I evRviRvZKiY
Lvgvi †_‡K `ya msMÖn QuvKb 6.9
10˚C ZvcgvÎv wd«‡R msiÿY
wbqš¿Y 74˚C ZvcgvÎv
10˚C
15 †m‡KÛ Ref : nvRvix I bvM
cÖkœt Miæi `y‡a Lv`¨ K¨vjwi (kcal/100g) KZ _v‡K? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt 69 (k.cal/100g)
cÖkœt Miæi `y‡ai wgóZv †Kvb Dcv`vb Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt j¨vK‡UvR ev `y‡ai kK©iv
cÖkœt Miæi `y‡ai cÖavb Dcv`vb wK? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt cvwb (87.8%)
cÖkœt `ya wK? [RU-G2(17-18)] Dt GKwU Kj‡qW ev Bgvjkb
cÖkœt `y‡a †Kvb †Kvb wfUvwgb _v‡K? Dt A, B6, B12, C, D, K, F
cÖkœt `y‡a m‡e©v”P cwigvY †Kvb †cÖvwUb _v‡K? [JUD7(17-18); BSMRSTU-A(17-18)] Dt †Kwmb
cÖkœt `y‡ai wgwó ¯^v‡ì Rb¨ `vqx wK? [JUST(16-17); IU(15-16)] Dt j¨v‡±vR
cÖkœt †Kvb cÖvYxi `y‡a AwaK Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU _v‡K? Dt DU
cÖkœt †Kvb cÖvwYi `y‡a †Kvj‡÷i‡ji cwigvY me©vwaK? [BSMRSTU-H(17-18)] Dt Miy
cÖkœt gvLb •Zwii †ÿ‡Î `y‡ai pH gvb KZ ivLv ìKvi? Dt 6.6-6.9

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 03. gvL‡b Pwe© I cvwbi AbycvZ KZ? [JU-D,Set-B: 2018-19]
A. 80 : 18 B. 20 : 80
JU C. 28 : 72 D. 60 : 40
01. Lv`¨ K¨vjwi †ewk †Kvb cÖvYxi `y‡a? [JU-A, Set-A. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: A. 80 : 18
A. Mvfx B. gwnl C. QvMj D. †fov
e¨vL¨v: DbœZ gv‡bi gvL‡b 80% `y» Pwe©, 18% cvwb _v‡K|
mwVK DËi: B. gwnl
cÖvYxi `ya K¨vjix cÖvYxi `ya K¨vjix 04. `ya n‡”Q- [JU-A3.2017-18;JU–A.2019-20]
e¨vL¨v:
Mvfx 66 K.Cal QvMj 70 K.Cal A. †Rj B. Bgvjmb C. `ªeY D. mvm‡cbmb
gwnl 110 K.Cal †fov 102 K.Cal mwVK DËi: B. Bgvjmb
02. Pwe© †ewk †Kvb cÖvYxi `y‡a? [JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: `ya GKwU Kj‡qW ev Bgvjkb|
A. gwnl B. Mvfx 05. `y‡ai cÖavb †cÖvwUb †KvbwU? [JU-D7.2017-18; DU-Projukti. 2019-20, JUST-19-20]
C. QvMj D. †fov A. j¨v±vjeywgb B. j¨v‡±v‡MøvweDwjb C. K¨vwmb D. ‡KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi: A. gwnl mwVK DËi: C. K¨vwmb
e¨vL¨v: `y‡ai †cÖvwU‡b cÖavbZ K¨vwmb (76-86%) Ges Gi mv‡_ Aí cwigvY BSMRSTU
A¨vjeywgb I †MøvweDwjb bvgK Gw›UewW i‡q‡Q| `y‡a cÖavbZ Pvi ai‡bi 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖvYxi `y‡a me©vwaK cwigvY †cÖvwUb _v‡K?
K¨vwmb _v‡K| (1) S1 (2) S2 (3)  (4)  (Kappa) [BSMRSTU-H.17-18, JU-A.2019-20]
A. gwnl B. QvMj C. †fov D. DU
RU
mwVK DËi: C. †fov
01. `y‡a wb‡Pi †Kvb Avqbmg~‡ni †mUwU AwaK cwigv‡Y _v‡K?
02. `y‡a †Kvb WvBm¨vKvivBWwU _v‡K? [BSMRSTU-A.2017-18; P.†ev 2017]
[RU-Science-2 Set-3 2018-19; PUST-B.2016-17]
+ 2+
A. K ,Ca , Cl - 2+
B. Ca ,Mg , Fe2+ 3+ A. my ‡ µvR B. j¨v‡±vR C. g‡ëvR D. ‡mjy‡jvR
+ 2+
C. K ,Cu , C 3- + +
D. Na , K , Cl - mwVK DËi: B. j¨v‡±vR
mwVK DËi: A : K+, Ca2+, Cl- e¨vL¨v: my‡µvR  Lv`¨ wPwb‡Z, j¨v‡±vR  `y‡a,
02. wb‡Pi †Kvb ZijwUi mv›`ªZv †bB? [RU-F3.2017-18] g‡ëvR (më wPwb)  ÷v‡P©i Av`©ª - we‡kølY Øviv|
A. AvjKvZiv B. `ya C. ‣Zj is D. wMømvwib 03. gvZ…`y‡»i pH cwimiÑ [BSMRSTU-C. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: C. ‣Zj is A. 4.8 - 7.5 B. 6.35-6.68 C. 6.6- 6.9 D. 7.4-8.0
e¨vL¨v: AvjKvZiv, `ya, wMømvwib meB Zij c`v_©| Zij c`v‡_©i mv›`ªZv mwVK DËi: C. 6.6- 6.9
we`¨gvb| wewfbœ Zi‡ji mv›`ªZv wewfbœ| HSTU
AvjKvZiv > wMømvwib> `ya| 01. KZ ZvcgvÎvq gvLb M‡j hvq? [HSTU-D.2017-18]
wKš‧ •Zj is GKwU eY© hv †Kvb c`v_© bq| A. 64°C B. 55°C C. 70°C D. 100°C
03. Miæi `y‡a Pwe©i kZKiv cwigvY- [RU-H2.2017-18] mwVK DËi: A. 64°C
A. 1.1-3.1 B. 3.5-4.5 C. 4.6-6.8 D. 7.0-8.5 e¨vL¨v: gvLb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Mj‡Z 64°C Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb nq|
mwVK DËi: B. 3.5-4.5 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¯‘wU Bgvjkb- [HSTU-D.2017-18]
e¨vL¨v: Miæi `y‡a cvwb (87), kK©iv (4.6-6.8), ‡cÖvwUb (1.1-3.7) A. cvwb‡Z wPwbi `ª e Y B. `y a C. gvLb D. cvwb‡Z je‡bi `ªeY
LwbR jeY (0.7-0.9) Ges Pwe© (3.5-4.5) _v‡K| mwVK DËi: B. `y a
04. ‡KvbwU Kj‡qW? [RU-G2.2017-18] 03. `ya †_‡K Qvbv •Zixi c×wZwUi bvg wK? [HSTU-A.2017-18]
A. ¯^Y© B. †jvnv C. `ya D. †dvg A. dvi‡g‡›Ukb B. Av`ª © we‡kø lY C. †KvqvÐ‡jkb D. Aw·‡Wkb
mwVK DËi: C. `ya mwVK DËi: C. †KvqvÐ‡jkb
CoU e¨vL¨v: †Kvqv¸‡jkb cÖwµqvq `ya ¸”Qe× n‡q `B ev Qvbv •Zwi K‡i|
01. `y‡a wb‡Pi †Kvb Avqbmg~‡ni †mUwU AwaK cwigv‡Y _v‡K? NSTU
[CoU–A. 2019-20] 01. `y‡ai Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK? [NSTU-C. 2019-20]
A. K+, Ca2+, Cl– B. CA2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ A. d¨v‡Ui g‡a¨ cvwb B. cvwbi g‡a¨ d¨vU
C. K+, Ca2+, P3– D. Na+, K+, Cl– C. d¨vU I cvwb ci¯úi Qwo‡q _v‡K D. d¨vU `ªexf~Z _v‡K
+ 2+ 3–
mwVK DËi: C. K , Ca , P mwVK DËi: B. cvwbi g‡a¨ d¨vU
e¨vL¨v: `y‡a Aw¯ MV‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ mnvqK K+, Ca2+, P3– AwaK cwigv‡Y e¨vL¨v: `ya n‡”Q GKwU Zij- Zij Bgvjkb| GLv‡b cvwbi g‡a¨ Pwe© ev d¨v‡Ui
_v‡K| `y‡a Lye Kg cwigv‡Y Fe I Cu _v‡K| we¯Ívib N‡U|
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
JUST 01. `ya n‡”Q GK cÖKvi? [MAT- 2017-18; h.†ev 2016]
01. Mvfxi `y‡a Lv`¨ K¨vjwi KZ (w/v%)? [JUST-B.2017-18] A. †Rj B. Kj‡qW (mj) C. Bgvjmb D. mvm‡cbkb
A. 72 B. 66 C. 70 D. 92 mwVK DËi: C. Bgvjmb
mwVK DËi: C. 70 e¨vL¨v: GKwU Zij gva¨‡gi g‡a¨ AwgkÖYxq Aci GKwU Zij gva¨‡gi ÿz`ª ÿz`ª
02. `y‡ai wgwó ¯^v‡ì KviY n‡jv- [JUST-A. 2016-17]; JU 2015-16 we›`yi AvKv‡i we¯Í…Z †_‡K †h Kj‡qW wm‡÷g MVb K‡i, Zv‡K Bgvjmb
A. ‡cÖvwUb B. j¨vK‡UvR C. my‡µvR D. A I B E. m¨vKvwib e‡j| Bgvjm‡bi we¯Í…Z `kvI we¯Ívi gva¨g DfqB Zij| †hgb- `ya,
mwVK DËi: B. j¨vK‡UvR KWwjfvi A‡qj, wµg BZ¨vw` Bgvjmb| Bgvjmb GK cÖKvi Kj‡qW |
 CONCEPT 05 Uq‡jwUªR I cviwdDgvix
 Item-01: GK bR‡i Uq‡jwUªR I cviwdDgvix
Uq‡jwUªR I
Dcv`vb [g‡b ivLvi wUªKm] Ab¨vb¨
cviwdDgvwi
wg›Uz bv‡K iwOb A¨vj‡Kvnj w`‡q Nygvq- tert-weDUvBj nvB‡Wªv
wg›Uz bv †K iwOb A¨vj‡Kvnj w`‡q Nygvq| KzB‡bvb hv Antioxidant
‡nqvi A‡qj
    
wg›U A‡qj bvi‡Kj †Zj †K‡bvjv A‡qj is t-weDUvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj|
(i) g~j Dcv`vb n‡”Q †UjK| †Uj‡Ki ivmvqwbK bvg nvB‡Wª‡UW Rw÷i †evgv-
g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU [3MgO.4SiO2.H2O ev, H2Mg3(SiO3)4
R  wR¼ A·vBW; w÷i  w÷ivBj
U¨vjKg cvDWvi ev, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2] (92 fvM) U¨vjK- †ewe cvDWv‡ii
RU-H3(17-18) (ii) wRsK w÷qv‡iU (A¨vw›U‡mcwUK) : 3 fvM|
A¨vj‡Kvnj Z¡‡Ki †KvgjZv ea©K; †ev  g~j Dcv`vb|
(iii) g¨vM‡bwmqvg Kve©‡bU (cvDWvi duvcv‡bvi Rb¨) : 4.5 fvM| †evwiK GwmW; gv  g¨vM‡bwmqvg w÷qv‡iU
(iv) †gb_j (myMÜ e¯‧) : 0.5 fvM| A¨vw›U‡mcwUK|
Uq‡jwUªR I
Dcv`vb [g‡b ivLvi wUªKm] Ab¨vb¨
cviwdDgvwi
wgmy Møy w÷K cvwb‡Z f¨vwbk K‡i w`j-
f¨vwbwks wµg wg my Møy w÷K cvwb‡Z f¨vwbk K‡i w`j KviweUj Z¡‡Ki PKP‡K
RU-H3(17-18)       fve `~i K‡i
wg_vBj c¨viv‡eb myMwÜ wMømvwib Kw÷K cUvk + w÷qvwiK GwmW cvwb f¨vwbwks wµg|
kx‡Z wg›Uz †ivR ev‡nvev wM‡j-
kx‡Z wg›Uz †ivR ev †nv ev wM‡j c¨vivwdb ‡Zj eënvi
‡Kvì wµg
      Kiv fvj|
Cold Cream wg›U A‡qj †ivR IqvUvi ev`vg †Zj †nvqvBU we-Iqv· †eviv· wMømvwib|
After FM-
wW-b¨vPvW© A¨vj‡Kvnj
After F M
AvdUvi †mf QÎvK I e¨vK‡Uwiqv
  
Antiseptic (wWb¨vPviW A¨vj‡Kvnj-40) Fragrance (myMwÜ) Moisturizer (wMømvwib)|
cÖwZ‡ivaK
†nbv I wjgy cÖK…wZi G‡mbwkqvj †g‡q- jv‡mvb Mig cvwb‡Z Ges
†nbv I wjgy cÖK…wZi G‡mbwkqvj †g‡q A¤øxq `ªe‡Y mn‡R `ªeYxq
†g‡n`x
     [MAT-16-17; RU-16-17; IU-
†nbv cvDWvi †jgb Rym ,mvBwUªK GwmW cÖvK…wZK is G‡mbwkqvj A‡qj g‡qðvivBRvi| A.2017-18]
‡MvjvcRj GwU nvB‡Wªvmj (wdbvBj B_vbj) hvi g‡bvgy»Ki myMwÜ i‡q‡Q, wRivwbIj, wm‡Uªvwb‡jvj, wbij| cÖvK…wZK RxevYybvkK
SAQ: [Short Answer Question]

cÖkœt †ewe cvDWv‡ii †evwiK Gwm‡Wi KvR wK? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt A¨vw›U‡mcwUK
cÖkœt Lv`¨MÖn‡Yi ci kix‡i BMR †e‡o hvq| BMR wK? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt Basal Metabolic Rate
cÖkœt mvbw¯…b †jvkb •Zix‡Z †Kvb b¨v‡bvcvwU©‡Kj eënvi Kiv nq? [BUET. 2019-20] Dt ZnO
cÖkœt †g‡nw` cvZvi wbh©v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb ev †cÖvwU‡bi mv‡_ is m„wó K‡i Zvi bvg -[BUET. 2019-20] Dt Lawsone: (2-nvBWªw·-1,4-b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb)
cÖkœt †UjKg cvDWv‡ii g~j ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i bvg Kx? Dt †UjK [Kz.‡ev. 2016;h.‡ev. 2017]
cÖkœt wjcw÷K g~jZ wK ? Dt ÿv‡ii g‡a¨ iÄK c`v‡_©i wWmcvimb
cÖkœt †Kvì wµ‡g Bgvjkb G‡R›U wnmv‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU? Dt cvwb
cÖkœt †Kvì wµ‡g Av`ª©ZvKviK wnmv‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU? Dt †cÖv‡cb- 1, 2, UªvBAj
cÖkœt wjcw÷K †Kvb ai‡Yi c`v_© Øviv •Zwi? Dt nvB‡Wªv‡dvweK
cÖkœt ZijKviK wnmv‡e wjcw÷‡K eëüZ nq †KvbwU? Dt mvB‡K¬vwgw_Db
cÖkœt wjcw÷K •Zwii Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K m‡e©v”P KZ ZvcgvÎvq DËß Kiv DwPZ? Dt 353K
cÖkœt wjcw÷‡K eëüZ iÄ‡Ki D¾¡jZv evovq †KvbwU? Dt UvB‡Uwbqvg A·vBW
cÖkœt Kviwgb wK? Dt iÄK
cÖkœt Kviwgb †Kvb e‡Y©i iÄK? Dt D¾¡j jvj
cÖkœt ivYx GwjRv‡e_ †Vuv‡U wK eënvi K‡i †VuvU iwOb Ki‡Zb? Dt HgS
cÖkœt ‡g‡n`xi cvZvi j‡mv‡b †Kvb Dcv`vb Pzj I Pvgovi †cÖvwU‡bi mv‡_ is m„wó K‡i? Dt 2–nvBWªw· –1.4– b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb|
cÖkœt wjcw÷‡K eëüZ gqðvivBRvi †KvbwU? [BUET. 2017-18] Dt wMømvij|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION JU
01. 100 mL AvdUvi †mf †jvkb cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ eëüZ K¨v‡gvwg‡ji wUsPvi Gi
JnU
cwigvY KZ? [JU-D: 2019-20]
01. U¨vjK g~jZ †KvbwU? [JnU. 2015-16,IU.15-16] A. 15 mL B. 5 mL C. 0.5 mL D. 1.5 mL
A. 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O B. Al2O3.SiO2.2H2O mwVK DËi: B. 5 mL
C. K2O.Al2O3.SiO2 D. Na2B4O7 02. 100g †Kvì µxg cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z eëüZ wMømvwib Gi cwigvYÑ [JU-D, 2019-20]
A. 9 g B. 7 g C. 35 g D. 12 g
mwVK DËi: A. 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O mwVK DËi: A. 9 g
e¨vL¨v: †UjKg cvDWv‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv- U¨vjK 03. wjcwó‡K g‡qðvivBRvi iƒ‡c eëüZ nq †KvbwU? [JU-D. 2017-18]
U¨vj‡Ki ms‡KZ Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 (nvB‡Wª‡UW g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU) A. B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj B. wMømvwib

C. Bw_wjb MøvBKj D. AvB‡mv †cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj
mwVK DËi: A. B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: wjwcw÷K •Zix‡Z B_vbj (B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj) I wMømvij g‡qðvivBRvi
BSMRSTU
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
01. 50 Gi †ekx A¨vj‡Kvnjhy³ AvdUvi †mf eënvi Ki‡j wK n‡e?
04. ‡KvbwU‡Z ‡n·v‡WKv‡bvwqK GwmW we`¨gvb? [JU-D9.2017-18] [BSMRSTU:2018-19]
A. cvg A‡q‡j B. UK MÜhy³ evUv‡i A. Z¡‡K †dvuovi m„wó nq B. Z¡‡K iv‡ki m„wó nq
C. cÖvwYR Pwe©‡Z D. wfgiæ‡ji Mø¨v‡Û C. Z¡‡K R¦vjv-‡cvov m„wó nq D. Z¡‡K `v‡Mi m„wó nq
mwVK DËi: A. cvg A‡q‡j mwVK DËi: C. Z¡‡K R¦vjv-‡cvov m„wó nq
e¨vL¨v: * cvg A‡q‡j _v‡K †n·v‡WKv‡bvwqK GwmW ev cvwgwUK GwmW| 02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Uz_‡c‡÷i pH? [BSMRSTU-H.2017-18]
* UK MÜhy³ evUv‡i _v‡K weDUv‡bvwqK GwmW| A. 5 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8
* cÖvwYR Pwe© I Dw™¢‡ì •Z‡j _v‡K w÷qvwiK GwmW ev A±v‡WKv‡bvwqK GwmW| mwVK DËi: D. 8
* wfg iæ‡ji Mø¨vÛ I jvj wccuov‡Z _v‡K diwgK GwmW| HSTU
05. ‡Kvb DcKiYwU †Kvì µx‡g wcw”QjKviK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq? [JU-D3.2017-18] 01. k¨v¤úy cÖ¯ÍwZi g~j Dcv`vb †KvbwU? [HSTU-A.2016-17]
A. Zij c¨vivwdb B. wMømvwib A. w_‡Kbvi NH4CI I cwjmi‡eU -20
C. ‡cÖvcvBj c¨vivwdb D. me¸‡jvB B. A¨v‡gvwbqvg jivBj mvj‡dU I cwjmi‡dU I cwjmi‡eU - 20
mwVK DËi: A. Zij c¨vivwdb C. A¨v‡gvwbqvg jivBj mvj‡dU I w_‡Kbvi NH4CI
e¨vL¨v: DcKiY KvR D. A+B+C
1. Zij c¨vivwdb •Zj wcw”Qj KviK mwVK DËi: D. A+B+C
2. k³ c¨vivwdb •Zj k³Kvix G‡R›U IU
3. †gvg MvpKvix G‡R›U 01. wcM‡g›U n‡jv- [IU-A.2017-18]
A. Bw_wjb MøvBKj B. wMømvwib
4. wMømvwib Av`ªZv †ivaK
C. K¨v÷i A‡qj D. Kviwgb
5. †cÖvcvBj c¨vivwdb wcÖRvi‡fwUfm& wn‡m‡e
mwVK DËi: D. Kviwgb
RU e¨vL¨v: wMømvwib, Bw_wjb MøvBKj  g‡qðvivBRvi
01. wjcw÷K I AvdUvi †kf †jvk‡b g‡qðvivBRviiƒ‡c eëüZ nq-[RU-C3.2017-18] K¨v÷i A‡qj, wj‡bvwjb A‡qj  A‡qj
A. wMømvij B. Bw_wjb MøvBKj C. B_vbj D. ‡cÖvcvbj Kviwgb, wcM‡g›U- 40  wcM‡g›U|
mwVK DËi: A. wMømvij Tex.Eng.Clg.
e¨vL¨v: wjcw÷K I AvdUvi †kf †jvk‡b g‡qðvivBRvi wn‡m‡e wMømvij eënvi 01. Which one formula of talc- [Tex.Eng.Clg. 2019-20]
Kiv nq| A. Mg2SiO4(OH)2 B. 3MgO.4SiO2.2H2O
02. U¨vjKg cvDWv‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb- [RU-H3.2017-18] C. 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O D. Mg3Si4O8(OH)2
A. nvB‡Wª‡UW K¨vjwmqvg wmwj‡KU B. K¨vjwmqvg wmwj‡KU mwVK DËi: C. 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O
C. wRsK w÷qv‡iU D. nvB‡Wª‡UW g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU e¨vL¨v: Talc: 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O or H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
mwVK DËi: D. nvB‡Wª‡UW g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU
e¨vL¨v: U¨vjKg cvDWv‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb nj U¨vjK| U¨vjK nj nvB‡Wª‡UW STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU (3MgO.4SiO2.H2O)| MAT
03. f¨vwbwks wµg •Zwi‡Z eëüZ nq- [RU-H3.2017-18]
01. ‡nqvi I‡q‡ji Bgvjwmdvqvi (Emulsifier) iƒ‡c wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ
A. A‡jwqK GwmW B. g¨v‡jwqK GwmW nq? [MAT- 2018-19]
C. cv‡gwUK GwmW D. w÷qvwiK GwmW A. B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj B. AwjK GwmW
mwVK DËi: D. w÷qvwiK GwmW C. weDUvBj nvB‡Wªv KzB‡bvb D. †cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj
e¨vL¨v: f¨vwbwks wµ‡gi g~j Dcv`vb cvwb, w÷qvwiK GwmW, wMømvwib, Kw÷K mwVK DËi: B. AwjK GwmW
cUvk, †gvg I myMwÜ| Z‡e DbœZgv‡bi f¨vwbwks wµg cÖ¯‧wZ‡Z j¨v‡fÛi, e¨vL¨v: Bgvjwmdvqvi wnmv‡e  AwjK GwmW
†Rivwbqvg, Zviwcbj, cwjB_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj eënvi Kiv nq|
A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U wnmv‡e  weDUvBj nvB‡Wªv KzB‡bvb
04. wjcw÷‡K _v‡K- [RU-H2.2017-18]
02. ‡eex cvDWv‡i A¨vw›U‡mcwUK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU? [MAT. 2017-18]
A. †mvwWqvg †Wv‡WKvBj mvj‡dU B. ‡UUªv‡eªv‡gv‡d¬v‡ivwmb
A. K¨vjwmqvg A·vBW B. wR¼ Kve©‡bU
C. gvR©vwib D. †mvwWqvg w÷qv‡iU C. †evwiK GwmW D. K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU
mwVK DËi: C. gvR©vwib mwVK DËi: C. †evwiK GwmW
e¨vL¨v: wjcw÷‡Ki g~j Dcv`vb †g․gvwQi †gvg ev gvR©vwib|
e¨vL¨v: †eex cvDWv‡ii Dcv`vbmg~n wb¤œiƒc:
05. iæR cvDWvi n‡jv- [RU-G2.2017-18]
A. Kcvi A·vBW B. wRsK A·vBW Dcv`v‡bi bvg Kvh©KvwiZv
C. †dwiK A·vBW D. †KvbwUB bq U¨vjK(g¨vM‡bwmqvg wmwj‡KU) g~j Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e
mwVK DËi: C. †dwiK A·vBW wR¼ w÷qv‡iU/ g¨vM‡bwmqvg wcw”QjKviK, cvwb‡kvlK Ges A¨vw›U‡mcwUK
e¨vL¨v: †dwiK A·vBW ev AvqiY (III) A·vBW (Fe2O3) evRv‡i †iW A·vBW w÷qv‡iU/ wjw_qvg w÷qv‡iU/ wn‡m‡e
ev Ry‡qjvi eR©©¨ ev iæR cvDWvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| †evwiK GwmW/ Awjf A‡qj
Dcv`v‡bi bvg Kvh©KvwiZv MAT
wR¼ A·vBW/w÷ivBj Z¡‡Ki †m․›`h©ea©K I †KvgjZvea©K wn‡m‡e, 01. f¨vwbwks wµ‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb †KvbwU? [DAT.2018-19; w`.†ev 2017, 2015]
A¨vj‡Kvnj m~‡h©i ÿwZKi iwk¥ n‡Z Z¡K‡K iÿv Ki‡Z A. B_vBj †eb‡Rv‡qU B. UviUvwiK GwmW
C. †eviv· D. AvB‡mv‡cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj
g¨vM‡bwmqvg Kve©‡bU cvDWvi nvjKv iv‡L Ges Nvg †kvlY K‡i
mwVK DËi: †Kv‡bvwUB bq|
Av`ª©Zv `~i K‡i
e¨vL¨v: cÖkœwU fzj Av‡Q| f¨vwbwks wµ‡gi cªavb Dcv`vb n‡jv- w÷qvwiK GwmW
CaCO3 cvDWvi SiS‡i K‡i| cUvwmqvg Kve©‡bU, KviweUj BZ¨vw`| †Kvì wµ‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb †eviv·|
Board Ques.
03. ‡g‡n`xi is‡qi Rb¨ `vqxÑ 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g‡qðvivBRviiƒ‡c AvdUvi †kf †jvk‡b eëüZ nq?
[MAT.2016-17; RU-16-17; IU-A.2017-18; NSTU-19-20 wm.†ev 2015; iv.†ev 2015] [Xv.†ev. 2019; Kz.†ev 2015]
A. M¨v‡mvwjb B. AwjK GwmW A. wW-b¨vPvW© A¨vj‡Kvnj B. ‡cÖvcvBwjb A¨vj‡Kvnj C. Bw_wjb MøvBKj D. wMømvij
C. ‡jvkb (Lotion) D. j¨v‡mvb (Lawsone) mwVK DËi: D. wMømvij
mwVK DËi: D. j¨v‡mvb (Lawsone) 02. †Kvì wµ‡g jyweª‡KwUs G‡R›U wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq †KvbwU? [mKj †evW©-2018]
e¨vL¨v: ‡g‡n`x cvZv j¨v‡mvb ev 2-nvB‡Wªvw·-1,4-b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb bvgK A. Zij c¨vivwdb B. ‡cÖvcvBj c¨viv‡eb C. wMømvwib D. ‡gvg
mwVK DËi: A. Zij c¨vivwdb
ivmvqwbK c`v_© aviY K‡i| hv GKwU iÄK c`v_©|
 CONCEPT 06 K‡qKwU cÖ¯‘wZ I msiÿY †K․kj
 Item-01: wK¬wbs G‡R‡›Ui mvaviY Dcv`vb
bvg D`vniY
mvid¨v±¨v›U ‡Wv‡WKvBj †mvwWqvg †ebwRb mvj‡dv‡bU, jwij mvj‡dU, jwij B_vBj mvj‡dv‡bU, WvB A¨vjKvBj WvBwg_vBj A¨v‡gvwbqvg †K¬vivBW|
RxevYybvkK ‡mvwWqvg nvB‡cv‡K¬vivBU (NaOCl), K¨vjwmqvg nvB‡cv‡K¬vivBU Ca(OCl)2, †dbj RvZK, †WUj A_v©r 3.5– WvBwg_vBj–4– ‡K¬v‡iv‡dbj|
`ªveK A¨vwm‡Uvb, B_vbj, AvB‡mv‡cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj, †cÖvwcwjb MøvBKj
wewea A¨vwWwUf mvj‡dvwbK GwmW, BDwiqv, dmdwiK GwmW, A·vwjK GwmW, †mvwWqvg cvi‡ev‡iU, wg_vBj m¨vwjmvB‡jU|
 Item-02: Møvm wK¬bvi cÖ¯‘wZi Z_¨-
 Møvm wK¬bv‡ii Dcv`vb: Avwg Møv‡m A¨vj‡Kvnj I iwOb cvwb UªvB Kijvg-
Avwg Møv‡m A¨vj‡Kvnj I iwOb cvwb Uªv B Kijvg
      
A¨v‡gvwbqv (28%) †mvwWqvg jivBj iso-†cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj is cvwb †UUªv‡mvwWqvg cvB‡iv dm‡dU Bw_wjb MøvBKj
(wMÖ‡Ri `ªveK) mvj‡dU(Surface-active) (†ewk DØvqx `ªveK) (cvwbi LiZv wbeviK)
 Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡ii Dcv`vb: Uq‡j‡U iwOb †dbj cvwb w`‡q †mvwbi †Kvô KvwVb¨ †avqv n‡jv|
Uq‡j‡U iwOb †dbj cvwb w`‡q †mvwbi †Kvó KvwVb¨ †avqv n‡jv
      
Toilet cleaner is †dbj cvwb †mvwWqvg jivBj mvj‡dU Kw÷K †mvWv (NaOH) K¨vjwmqvg nvB‡cv †K¬vivBW
(`yM©ÜbvkK)| (g~j `ªveK) Surfectan(C12H25SO4Na) (g~j Dcv`vb) [Ca(OCl)2] weøwPs G‡R›U
t
welq Møvm wK¬bvi Uq‡jU wK¬bvi JU-D1(17-18)
(i) MøvmwK¬bvi fvix gqjv ev MÖxR cwi®‥vi K‡i bv| (i) gqjv cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ kw³kvjx ÿqKviK c`v_© ìKvi| NaOH GKwU
(ii) Møv‡mi g~j Dcv`vb nj Ca I Na Gi wØ-wmwj‡KU| ÿqKviK c`v_©, Gi OH– g~jK gqjv I RxevYy aŸsm K‡i| cwi®‥viK •Zwii
(iii) Møvm wK¬bvi cÖ¯‧wZ‡Z mej ÿvi (NaOH, KOH) Rb¨ 50% NaOH ìKvi|
cwi¯‥viKiY
†K․kj A¨v‡gvwbqvi ÿvi `ª e Y eënvi Kiv nq| Z‡e (ii) Uq‡j‡U †j‡M _vKv †cÖvwUb n‡Z Drcbœ A¨vgvBW (RCOONH2) †K NaOH
A¨v‡gvwbqvI welv³ nIqvq wMÖY wK¬bvi eënvi Kiv Gi OH g~jK we‡qvwRZ K‡i NH3 †K gy³ K‡i|
nq| R–COONH2+OH–  R–COO– + NH3
(iii) Uq‡jU wK¬bvi Gi g~j cwi®‥viK Dcv`vb Kw÷K ‡mvWv A_ev ‡ewKs ‡mvWv (NaHCO3)|
we‡kl Z_¨: Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i Kw÷K †mvWv NaOH eënvi Kiv n‡jI Møvm wK¬bv‡i NaOH eënvi Kiv hvq bv|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt wcbv‡Kvj (Pinacole) Gi ivmvqwbK ms‡KZ wjL| [IU: 2018-19] DËit C6H14O2 [CH3)2C(OH) – (CH3)2C(OH)]
cÖkœt Møvm wK¬bv‡i wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv eëüZ nq; Gi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv.‡ev. 2019; iv.‡ev. 2016; e.‡ev. 2016; P.‡ev. 2019]
DËit Møvm wK¬bv‡i 30-40% A¨v‡gvwbqv eënvi Kiv nq| NaOH eënvi Kiv nq bv KviY Zv KvP‡K ÿq K‡i| ZvB ïaygvÎ A¨v‡gvwbqv eënvi Kiv nq|
cÖkœt Uq‡j‡Ui dv½vm `~ixKviK Dcv`vb †KvbwU? Dt †eviv·
cÖkœt Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i †dbj g~jZ Kx? Dt RxevYybvkK
cÖkœt Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i Kw÷K †mvWvi cwie‡Z© Kx †hvM Kiv nq? Dt †mvwWqvg evB Kve©‡bU
cÖkœt D”PZi d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi †mvwWqvg jeY †KvbwU? Dt mvevb
cÖkœt Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i g~j cwi®‥vi‡Ki f~wgKv iv‡L †KvbwU? Dt wMÖR Øviv Drcbœ mvevb
cÖkœt mvevb wKfv‡e gqjv `~i K‡i? Dt †Z‡ji Bgvjkb •Zwi K‡i
cÖkœt mvi‡dK‡U‡›Ui Aci bvg wK? Dt c„ôZj mwµqKvix c`v_©

JU BSMRSTU
01. Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i †Kvb DcKiYwU wMÖR AcmviK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq? 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¨vw›UgvB‡µvweqvj bq? [BSMRSTU-C. 2016-17]
A. C6H8O7 B. C15H24O C. KHSO3 D. NaNO3
[JU-D1.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. C15H24O
A. ‡mvwWqvg jivBj mvj‡dU B. K¨vjwmqvg nvB‡cv‡K¬vivBU
e¨vL¨v: A¨vw›UgvB‡µvweqvj †h․M mg~n n‡jv :
C. Kw÷K †mvWv D. ‡dbj NaNO2, NaNO3 C6H5COOH, (CH3CH2,-COO)2Ca, KHSO3, SO2
mwVK DËi: C. Kw÷K †mvWv O
CH 3 CH
e¨vL¨v: Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡ii Dcv`vb I Zv‡ì KvR: C (mvBwUªK GwmW)
1. Kw÷K †mvWv (NaOH): wMÖR AcmviYKvix| CH 3 CH CH OH
2. †mvwWqvg jivBj mvj‡dU (wWUvi‡R›U)t mvi‡dKU¨v›U| PUST
3. K¨vjwmqvg nvB‡cv‡K¬vivBU t weiÄK/RxevYybvkK| 01. Uq‡jU wK¬bvi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z eëüZ nq †KvbwU?
[PUST. 2016-17, JUST-A. 2016-17]
4. †dbjt RxevYybvkK I `yM©ÜbvkK| A. Dw™¢R †Zj B. wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv
02. ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU GwmwWK I ÿvixq Dfq Toilet Cleaners G eëüZ nq? C. †gvg D. ‡ewKs †mvWv E. †dbj
[JU.2015-16] mwVK DËi: E. †dbj
A. MøvBKj B_vi B. mvBwUªK GwmW NSTU
C. Na2CO3 D. dmdwiK GwmW 01. Mø v m wK¬ bvi cÖ ¯ ‘ wZ‡Z wK eëüZ nq? [NSTU-A. 2016-17, MBSTU. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: A. MøvBKj B_vi A. Dw™¢ ¾ †Zj B. wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv C. †ewKs †mvWv D. †gvg
mwVK DËi: B.wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv
Acidic Cleaner G eëüZ Dcv`vb Bacis Cleaner G eëüZ Dcv`b
e¨vL¨v: Møvm wK¬bv‡i ÿvi eënvi Kiv nq bv| KviY ÿvi KuvP‡K ÿq K‡i| ZvB
dmdwiK GwmW Na2CO3
wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv eënvi Kiv DËg|
mvBwUªK GwmW NaOH
nvB‡Wªvw· GwmwUK GwmW Na nvB‡Wªv †K¬vivBU
DAT
KU 01. Uq‡j‡Ui `yM©Ü I `vM `~i Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †Kvb ivmvqwbKwU eëüZ nq?
[DAT.2018-19]
01. †KvbwU Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡ii g~j Dcv`vb? [KU. 2019-20]
A. NaOH B. C6H5OH C. Ca(ClO)2 D. Ca(OH)2
A. NaOH B. NH4OH mwVK DËi: C. Ca(ClO)2
C. Ca(OCl)Cl D. KOH e¨vL¨v: Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i `yM©ÜbvkK I RxevYybvkK wnmv‡e †dbj eëüZ nq| wKš‧
mwVK DËi: A. NaOH Uq‡jU wK¬bv‡i `vM I `yM©Ü `~ixKi‡Y Ca(ClO)2 eëüZ nq|
mKj cvVëB‡qi cÖkœ  NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS  e¨vL¨vmn mgvavb

 Kwei  iweDj   d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi wMømvivBW n‡jv †ZjÑPwe©| `y»RvZ Lv`¨ gvL‡b weDUvBwiK
(CH3–CH2–CH2–COOH) GwmW Dcw¯’Z|
01. ‡h․MwUi KvVv‡gv jÿ Ki: 03 . gvL‡b GwmWwU Dcw¯’Z Kx wn‡m‡e?
O
A. GwmW iƒ‡c B. G÷vi iƒ‡c
CH3 CH C OH
C. GwmW A¨vbnvBWªvBW wn‡m‡e D. Gwm‡Wi jeY iƒ‡c Ans B
NH2 04. weDUvBwiK GwmW GKwU d¨vwU GwmW| KviY Ñ
(i) GwU GKwU wfUvwgb (i) GwU d¨vU Drcbœ K‡i
(ii) GwU GKwU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW (ii) mswkøó d¨vU‡K Av`ª©we‡kølY Ki‡j G †h․MwU cvIqv hvq
(iii) GwU †cÖvwU‡bi g‡bvgvi (iii) d¨vU Drcbœ bv Ki‡jI GwU d¨vU Gi Dcv`vb GwmW w÷qvwiK GwmW
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ([CH3(CH2)16COOH]) Gi Abyiƒc KvVv‡gv wewkó wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK
A. i B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii A. iii B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
Ans C Wh y ms‡KZ Aby m v‡i GwU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW hv †cÖ
v wU‡bi g‡bvgvi Ans C Wh y `y ‡ai Pwe© D”PZi d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi wMøm vij UªvBG÷vi ev
A_©vr ‡cÖvwUb‡K fvO‡j A¨vwg‡bv GwmW cvIqv hvq| wMømvivBW| Gi Av`©ª we‡køl‡Y wMømvwib I d¨vwU GwmW Drcbœ K‡i| gvLb
02. wf‡bMvi GKwU dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq, KviY Ñ †_‡K weDUvwiK GwmWmn Ab¨vb¨ ¯^í AvYweK f‡ii GwmW Drcbœ nq|
[Ref: Kwei m¨vi, c„ôvt 350]
(i) Gi `ªe‡Yi PH < 7 hv A¤øxq nIqvq AYyRx‡ei Rb¥ I we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ mnvqK bq
(ii) B_vbwqK GwmW AYyRxe‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q  nvRvix  bvM 
(iii) GwU cvwb †kvlY K‡i AYyRx‡ei cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek •Zwi K‡i 01. Lv`¨`ªe¨ cP‡b Ab¨Zg mnvqK †KvbwU? [P.†ev. 2015]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK A. SO2 B. N2O C. NO2 D. O2
A. iii B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D Why O2 evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k© Rvqgvb Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ K‡i hv
Ans B Why wf‡bMv‡ii KvR A¤øxq gva¨‡g AY~Rxe‡K aŸsm Kiv| Lv`¨`ª‡e¨ cPb NUvq|
02. †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ msiÿK? ASPECT SERIES 

[Xv. †ev. 2017; w`. †ev. 2015] Ans A Why aviK cv‡Îi wfZ‡ii As‡k ZnO Gi cÖ‡jc w`‡Z nq|
A. digvwjb B. mvjdvi WvBA·vBW G‡Z ZnO Gi mv‡_ gvQ I gvs‡mi †`n¯ mvjdvBW wewµqv K‡i wRsK
C. †mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU D. †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW mvjdvBW MVb K‡i| hv gvQ-gvs‡mi eY© iÿvq mnvqK nq| [Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi]
Ans D Wh y cÖ
K w
… Z †_‡K mivmwi cÖvß wKQz wKQz ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ i‡q‡Q 07. ‡Kvb Z_¨wU mZ¨ bq?
hv Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i, hv‡ì‡K cÖvK…wZK A. cÖwZ wjUvi †Mv-`y‡a 30–35g †cÖvwUb _v‡K
Lv`¨ msiÿK e‡j| †hgbt mwilvi †Zj, wPwbi `ªeY, Lv`¨ je‡Yi `ªeY B. `y‡a †nv‡q †cÖvwUb _v‡K bv
cÖf„wZ| [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
C. `y‡a wfUvwgb A, D, E Ges K `ªexf~Z Ae¯vq _v‡K
D. `y‡a we`¨gvb Pwe© RvZxq c`v_©‡K wjwcW e‡j
03. BHA-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? [w`.†ev. 2015]
Ans B Why  cÖwZ wjUvi †Mv-`y‡a 30Ñ35 MÖvg †cÖvwUb _v‡K|
A. Butylated hydroxy anisole
 `y‡a GbRvBgmn †QvU †QvU A‡bK †cÖvwUb _v‡K, G¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î ‡nv‡q
B. Butalated hydroxy acetate
(Whey) †cÖvwUb e‡j| †nv‡q †cÖvwU‡bi kZKiv cwigvY cÖvq 20 fvM|
C. Butahydrated hydroxy anisol
 `y‡a Pwe© RvZxq c`v‡_© ìKvwi d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wfUvwgb A, D,
D. Butahydrated Hydroxy amine Ans A
E Ges K `ªexf~Z Ae¯vq _v‡K|
04. `y‡a wb‡Pi †Kvb Avqbmg~‡ni †mUwU AwaK cwigv‡Y _v‡K? [e.†ev. 2017]  `y‡ai wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Pwe© RvZxq c`v_© wjwcW bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges †QvU
A. K+, Ca2+, Cl B. Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ †QvU `vbv wn‡m‡e cvwb‡Z we¯ÍvwiZ _v‡K| [Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi]
C. K+, Cu2+, P3 D. Ba+, K+, Cl Ans C 08. Møvm wK¬bv‡i Kx eënvi Kiv hvq bv?
05. Zij `ya msiÿ‡Y †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv nq? [Xv.†ev. 2017] A. wf‡bMvi B. A¨v‡gvwbqv C. †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW D. B_vbj
A. wngvqb B. †K․UvRvZKiY Ans C Why Møvm wK¬bv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb NH3 , ivwes A¨vj‡Kvnj
C. cv¯‧ivBwRs D. wf‡bMvi eënvi Ans C (AvB‡mv †cÖvcvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj), wf‡bMvi, wmwjKb, I‡qwUs G‡R›U
(Surfactant), is I cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb|
 gwbgyj  BDmyd  AvwbKv  ‡mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW AZ¨šÍ ÿqKvix| †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW Møvm wK¬bv‡i
01. cv¯‘ivqb ev cv¯‘ivB‡Rkb n‡jv Ñ _v‡K bv, KviY Bnv Møvm‡K ÿq K‡i| SiO2+NaOHNa2SiO3+H2O
[Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi]
A. wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq cÖwµqvKiY B. D”P ZvcgvÎvq cÖwµqvKiY
09. gë †_‡K wf‡bMvi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z C‡ói e„w×i mnvqK wn‡m‡e †hvM Kiv nqÑ
C. wb¤œ I D”P ZvcgvÎvq cÖwµqvKiY D. a~gvwqZKiY
0 (i) H2SO4 (ii) A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU I dm‡dU
Ans B Why cv¯‧ivqb D”P ZvcgvÎvq (95 ev AviI †ekx) GbRvBg I (iii) Bbfv‡U©R I RvB‡gR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
AYyRxe‡K aŸsm K‡i| A. i B. ii C. iii D. i, ii I iii
02. mvaviYZ Lv`¨ welwµqv NUvq Ñ Ans B Why msM„nxZ AvL ev †LRyi i‡m hv‡Z AcÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vK‡Uwiqv
A. Clostridium I Salmonella B. Clostridium I E.coli Rb¥v‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ G‡Z AwZ jNy Ges mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y H2SO4 †hvM
C. E.coli I Salmonella D. Clostridium I Streptococcus Ans A Kiv nq| G wgkª‡Y C‡ói e„w×i mnvqK wKQz A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU I
03. ‡Kvb wcÖRvi‡fwUfm djg~‡j eënvi Kivi ci mivmwi wkï‡ì LvIqv‡bv dm‡dU †hvM K‡i| GLv‡b mvjwdDwiK GwmW C‡ói e„w×i mnvqK bq eis
hv‡e bv? e¨vK‡Uwiqv hv‡Z Rb¥v‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ eënvi Kiv nq|
A. miweK GwmW B. mvBwUªK GwmW
C. mvjdvi WvBA·vBW D. wf‡bMvi  myfvl  gnxeyi  weg‡j›`y  Av‡bvqvi 
Ans C Why wkï‡ì KwZcq AbvKvw•LZ AvPiY, †hgbÑ †ewk †i‡M hvIqv ev wLUwL‡U 01. AvPvi ev ivbœvi gmjv msiÿ‡Y wb‡Pi †Kvb c`v_©wU eûj eëüZ nq?
nIqv BZ¨vw` jÿY †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Gi cwiwgZ eënvi AZ¨vek¨Kxq| ¯^v¯¨we`MY G A. wf‡bMvi B. B_vbj C. digvwjb D. I‡q÷ªb
wel‡q GKgZ n‡q‡Qb †h, mvjdvBU wcÖRvi‡fwUfm mg~n djg~j ev kvK-mewR‡Z eënvi Ans A Why AvPvi •Zwi‡Z eëüZ jeY, wPwb, wf‡bMvi Lv`¨ msiÿK wn‡m‡e eëüZ
Ki‡j Zv mivmwi wkï‡ì‡K LvIqv‡bv hv‡e bv| ZvQvov Lv‡`¨ 10 ppm ev Zvi †ewk mshyw³i nq Avi gmjv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i †`q| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
wcÖRvi‡fwUfm _vK‡j †j‡e‡j Zvi cwigvY Aek¨B D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| [Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi] 02 . ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU wcÖ Rvi‡fwUfwU †Kvb pH gv‡b AwaK Kvh© Ki?
04. gvLb †_‡K cvwbgy³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ Ñ A. 4.5 B. 5.5 C. 6.5 D. 7.5
A. ZvcgvÎv 100C ch©šÍ evov‡Z n‡e Ans A Why ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU I †ebRwqK GwmW Gi pH gvb 4.7(Ka =
6.310–5); ZvB G‡ì A¨vw›UgvB‡µvev‡qj Kvh©KvwiZv pH 4.5 Gi wb‡P †ewk _v‡K|
B. gvLb cvwb gšb cv‡Îi wb‡P †_‡K wbswo‡q Avjv`v Kiv nq
03. Møvm wK¬bvi •Zwi‡Z g~j ivmvqwbK c`v_© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? [w`.†ev 2016]
C. cv¯‧ivqb Avek¨Kxq
A. B_vbj B. †K¬v‡ivdig C. A¨v‡gvwbqv D. †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW
D. `ªæZ VvÛv K‡i RgvU euva‡Z n‡e
Ans C Why Møvm wK¬bv‡i A¨v‡gvwbqv eënv‡ii KviY:
Ans B Why gvLb †_‡K cvwbgy³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ gvLb cvwb gšb-cv‡Îi
 A¨v‡gvwbqv I †mvwWqvg nvBWª·vBW AYyRx‡ei mvB‡UvcøvRwgK †gg‡eª‡bi
wbP †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Avjv`v Ki‡Z nq| wKš‧ GLv‡b C I D Option Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i ¯^qswµq GbRvB‡gi Dcw¯wZ‡Z †Kv‡li †Ìqvj †f‡½
avç‡jv gvLb †_‡K cvwb gy³Ki‡Yi c~‡e© msNwUZ nq| [Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi] †d‡j AYyRxe‡K aŸsm K‡i|
05. ‡Kvb myMwÜwU †¯œvi ¯^vfvweK is bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i?  Møvm wK¬bv‡i eëüZ A¨v‡gvwbqv  `ye©j cwi®‥viK|
A. BbWj B. m¨vÛvjDW C. j¨v‡fÛvi D. wj‡bvjj  Kw÷K ‡mvWv Zxeª ÿvi I Zxeª cwi®‥viK Z‡e Møvm wK¬bv‡i ÿwZKviK |
Ans A Why wKQz wKQz myMwÜ †hgbt BbWj, f¨vwbwjb, GbwRj cÖf„wZ 04. Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y †h c`v_©wU eûj eëüZ nq Zv n‡jv Ñ
wµ‡gi ¯^vfvweK is bó K‡i †`q| ZvB G¸‡jv ev` w`‡q †Rivwbqvg, A. cÖcvbwqK GwmW B. cÖcvbj C. †iKwUdvBW w¯úwiU D. wf‡bMvi
m¨vÛvjDW, j¨v‡fÛvi, wj‡bvjj, Zviwcbj, cwjB_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj BZ¨vw` Ans D Why wf‡bMvi GKwU mnRjf¨ ivmvqwbK c`v_©| Avgv‡ì cwiwPZ
eënvi Kiv nq| [Ref: gwbgyj m¨vi] A‡bK Lv`¨mvgMÖx G‡Z msiwÿZ nq| GwU m¯Ív e‡j evwo‡Z cÖ¯‧Z Lv`¨
06. gvQ I gvsm msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †K․Uvi wfZ‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb †h․‡Mi cÖ‡jc †Ìqv nq? msiÿ‡b GwU eëüZ nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, wf‡bMv‡ii cywógvb AZ¨šÍ D”P| ZvB
A. ZnO B. ZnS C. AgO D. NiO wf‡bMvi †hv‡M Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y Lv‡`ï cywógvbI e„w× cvq| [Ref: myfvm m¨vi]
05. wb‡Pi †Kvb Lv‡`¨ Lv`¨Zš‘i cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk? 03. AYyRx‡ei weKvk I e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ñ
A. Kojv B. gUikyuwU C. euvk †Kvoj D. ev`vg A. A¤øxq cwi‡ek B. Rjxq cwi‡ek C. ÿvixq pH D. 37C ZvcgvÎv
Ans C Why euvk †Kvo‡ji Lv`¨gv‡b †`Lv hvq G‡Z Lv`¨ Zš‧i cwigvY Ans B Why mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡iÑ 1. Lv‡`ï Dcv`vb; 2. Aw·‡Rb; 3.
D”P, Pwe©i cwigvY Aí Ges K¨vjwiI †Zgb D”P bq| Rvcv‡b G‡K Ôeb¨ Zvc; 4. Av`©ªZv - KviY AYyRx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ ìKvi Rjxq cwi‡ek, hv
mewRi ivRvÕ ejv nq| cywó Dcv`v‡bi cvwigvY D”P e‡j c„w_ex‡Z eëüZ †m †c‡q _v‡K Lv`¨, Aw·‡Rb, Zvc I cvwb n‡Z| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
cÖ_g cuvPwU RbwcÖq my¯^v`y Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ euvk †Kvoj GKwU| [Ref: myfvl m¨vi] 04 . `y ‡ ai cÖ avb Kv‡e© v nvB‡Wª U n‡jv Ñ
A. Møy‡KvR B. my‡µvR C. j¨vK‡UvR D. gvj‡UvR
 gwni  jwZd  gbRyiæj  Ans C Why j¨vK‡UvR ev `y»wPwb `y‡ai GKgvÎ WvBm¨vKvivBW
01. ï®‥ d‡j cvIqv hvq †KvbwU? Kve©nvB‡WªU Dcv`vb| GwU mgmsL¨K Møy‡KvR I M¨vjvK‡UvR AYyi mgš^‡q
A. †ebR‡qU B. bvB‡UªU C. ‡cÖvwcb‡qU D. mvBwUªK GwmW MwVZ| j¨vK‡UvR Am‡gvj iƒ‡c KvR K‡i| [Ref: nvRvix I bvM m¨vi]
Ans Blank ï®‥ dj, ¸o, gvQ,†jeyi i‡m msiÿK wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq 05. `y‡a we`¨gvb mev©waK cwigvY wfUvwgb n‡jvÑ
A. wfUvwgb wm B. wfUvwgb wW C. wfUvwgb B D. wfUvwgb we 2 Ans D
SO / mvjdvi WvB A·vBW|
2 [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
mvjdvi WvB A·vBW: wf‡bMvi, d‡ji im Ges ï®‥ d‡j cvIqv hvq| [Ref: gwni DwÏb m¨vi]  wjsKb  Kwig  byiæj 
02. wjcw÷‡Ki cÖavb DcKiY †KvbwU? [P.†ev 2015]
A. †gvg B. LwbR †Zj C. wcM‡g›U D. f¨vmwjb 01. †KvbwU wf‡bMvi? [Xv.†ev- 2017; Kz.†ev, P.†ev 2016; e.†ev 2015]
Ans A Why wjcw÷K Gi DcKiY ¸‡jv n‡jvÑ †gvg, •Zj, A¨vw›U A. 6-10% HCOOH B. 6-10% CH3COOH
C. 6-10% C2H5COOH D. 6-10% C6H5COOH
Aw·‡W›U Ges B‡gvwj‡q›U| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
Ans B Why B_vbwqK Gwm‡Wi 6-10% Rjxq `ªeY‡K wf‡bMvi e‡j
03. A¨vw›U Aw·W¨v›U RviY MwZ Kgvq Ñ Ges wg_vb¨v‡ji 40% Rjxq `ªeY‡K digvwjb e‡j|
(i) d¨v‡Ui (ii) wjwc‡Wi (iii) cwjgv‡ii 02. K…wÎg A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U n‡jv- [Xv.‡ev.2016]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK A. wfUvwgb- C B. ‡mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW C. myMvi D. ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D Why Lv`¨ jeY (NaCl), mwilvi †Zj, wPwb (myMvi), wfUvwgb
Ans A Why A¨vw›UAw·‡W›Ut GwU d¨vU I wjwc‡Wi RviY MwZ Kgvq| wm BZ¨vw` n‡jv cÖvK…wZK dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUf|
[Ref: gwni DwÏb m¨vi]
03. Canning ev wUbRvZ Lv`¨`ª‡eï RxevYy aŸs‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv KZ?
 we`y¨r  Zvcm  A. 600C B. 1000C C. 1210C D. 3000C Ans A
04. f¨vwbwms wµg ‣Zwii cÖavb Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
01. ‡Kvqv¸‡jk‡bi AvwfavwbK A_© Ñ A. Kw÷K cUvm B. w÷qvwiK GwmW C. KviweUvj D. myMwÜ
A. wewÿß nIqv B. RgvU euvav C. PvR©hy³ nIqv D. mvm‡c‡ÛW nIqv Ans B Why f¨vwbwms wµ‡g cÖavb Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e w÷qvwiK GwmW
Ans B Why ‡Kvqv¸‡jk‡bi AvwfavwbK bvg nj RgvU euvav| eënvi Kiv nq| GwU GKwU D”PZi d¨wU GwmW hvi ms‡KZ
[Ref: we`y¨r Kzgvi m¨vi]
C17H35COOH GwU mvaviY ZvvcgvÎvq KwVb c`v_© Ges Gi eY© mv`v|
02. wmwjKb WvBA·vBW wb‡¤œi †KvbwU •Zwi‡Z eëüZ nq? GKwU DbœZ gv‡bi f¨vwbwks wµg ‣Zix‡Z 20% w÷qvwiK GwmW eënvi
A. †¯œv B. U¨vjKg cvDWvi Ki‡Z nq| [Ref: gvnveye m¨vi]
C. wjcw÷K D. AvdUvi‡kf 05. ‡Kvb Dcv`vb †_‡K wf‡bMvi cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq?
Ans B Why cvDWvi •Zixi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv U¨vjK| GQvov †h me A. cÖcvbj B. B_vBb C. cÖwcb D. wfbvBj †K¬vivBW
Dcv`vb eënvi Kiv nq †m ¸‡jv njÑ wRsK A·vBW, †KIwjb Ans B Why wf‡bMvi ev wmiKv g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv B_v‡bvwqK ev GwmwUK
(Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O) K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU, g¨vM‡bwmqvg Kve©‡bU, ÷vP©, GwmW| mvaviYZ B_v‡bvwqK Gwm‡Wi 6-10% Rjxq `ªeY‡K wf‡bMvi e‡j|
myMwÜ I iO BZ¨vw`| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi] Avi GB B_v‡bvwqK GwmW •Zix nq B_vBb †_‡K| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
06. cvwb‡Z NH3 `ªeY wK¬bvi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡j, R–COOR– + NH3–
 Rqbvj  Iqvwn`y¾vgvb  gvbœvb  solutionR–COO– NH4+ + R– – OH wewµqv Kx wb‡`©k Ki‡Q?
01. Zij `ya msiÿ‡Y †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv nq? A. Møv‡m gqjvi ms‡hvM B. Møv‡mi Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ gqjvi wewµqv
A. wngvqb B. †K․UvRvZKiY C. Møvm †_‡K †Zj-Pwe© AcmviY
C. cv¯‧ivBwRs D. wf‡bMvi D. Møv‡mi Dcwic„‡ô mvevb¯Íi m„wó I †Zj Pwe© AcmviY
Ans C Why `y‡ai evvwYwR¨Ki‡Yi †ejvq `ya‡K 24 N›Uvi AwaK mgq Ans D Why A¨v‡gvwbqv GKwU †cvjvi †h․M hv Møv‡mi gqjv Z_v •Zj
a‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv `y‡ai MvuRb eÜ K‡i `ya‡K bó nIqvi †_‡K iÿv ev Pwe©‡K Avweó WvB‡cv‡j cwiYZ K‡i| GK ch©v‡q A¨v‡gvwbqvi mv‡_
Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ `ywU c×wZ †hgb- (1) cv¯‧ivqb I (2) `y‡ai gqjvi WvB‡cvj-WvB‡cvj eÜb m„wó nq Ges gqjv Møvm n‡Z AvjMv n‡q
†÷wiwj‡Rkb (sterilisation) AbymiY Kiv nq| hvq| Gw`‡K A¨v‡gvwbqv DØvqx nIqvq gqjv A¨v‡gvwbqvi mv‡_ D‡o P‡j
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Lv`¨ msiÿK bq? hvq ev ev®úxf~ Z nq ZvB Møvm cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
A. †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU B. mvjdvi WvBA·vBW

 mwÄZ Kzgvi ¸n 
C. †mvwWqvg B_v‡bv‡qU D. miweK GwmW
Ans C Why ivmvqwbK ev K…wÎg Lv`¨ msiÿK¸‡jv n‡jv wbgœiƒct 01. `ya Kj‡qW ev Bgvjkb nIqvi KviY bq †KvbwU?
A. GwU cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªU B. GwU beRvZ wkïi Lv‡`ï cÖavb Drm
 ‡eb‡Rv‡qU (†mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU [C6H5COONa], ‡eb‡RvwqK
C. `ya wfUvwg‡bi mg„× fvÛvi D. GwU cvwbi `ªeYxq Pwe©i m~² KYv
GwmW [C6H5COOH])
Ans D Why `ya GKwU Kj‡qW ev Bgvjkb| GwU cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq Pwe©,
 bvBUªvBU (†mvwWqvg bvBUªvBU [NaNO2])
`ªeYxq Kve©nvB‡WªU, †cÖvwUb I LwbR je‡Yi wgkªY| beRvZ wkïi Lv‡`ï
 mvjdvBU (mvjdvi WvB A·vBW) cÖavb Drm wn‡m‡eB GwU ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYxi †`‡n Drcbœ nq| GwU wkïi cywó
 mi‡eU (†mvwWqvg / cUvwkqvg mvi‡eU [C6H7KO2] [Ref: gvneye m¨vi] I e„w×i Rb¨ Acwinvh© mylg Lv`¨| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi]
02. Uq‡jU wK¬bvi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z eëüZ nq Ñ BHT I TBHQ MÖvg cwRwUf, MÖvg †b‡MwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv I C÷ I †gv‡ìi
A. Dw™¢¾ †Zj B. wjKvi A¨v‡gvwbqv C. †ewKs †mvWv D. †gvg weiæ‡× 10Ñ1000 wcwcGg G Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
Ans C Why Kw÷K †mvWv (NaOH) A_ev Gi cwie‡Z© †ewKs †mvWv 05. ‡g‡n`x †c‡÷i w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv evwo‡q †`qÑ
,(NaHCO3) †eviv·, Zij mvevb, wf‡bMvi, Lv`¨ jeY I cvwb| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi] A. wcÖRvi‡fwUfm B. eëüZ wPwb C. eëüZ G‡mbwmqvj †Zj D. †jeyi im
03. Kj‡qW `ªeY n‡Z KYvi †Kvqv¸‡jkb nq, hLb Ñ Ans B Why ‡g‡n`x †c‡÷i g‡a¨ wPwbhy³ Kiv nq Z‡e Zv †g‡n`x
(i) Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i cwigvY †ewk _v‡K †c‡÷i w¯wZ¯vcKZv evwo‡q †`q, d‡j A‡bK w`b a‡i Z¡‡K †g‡n`xi eY©
(ii) Kj‡qW KYvi Avavb Zwor we‡køl¨ KYvi wecixZ Avavb Øviv cÖkwgZ nq AUzU _v‡K| Z‡e †g‡n`x †c‡÷i g‡a¨ gay ev K…wÎg wgwóKviK eënvi
(iii) Kj‡qW KYv I we¯Ívi gva¨g ci¯úi `~‡i m‡i hvq Ki‡jI GKB dj cvIqv hvq| [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †R‡b ivLv fv‡jv : c`v_©wU gvby‡li Z¡‡Ki g„Z †Kv‡li gva¨‡g †kvwlZ nq|
A. i B. ii C. i I ii D. i, ii I iii d‡j Z¡‡Ki c„‡ô †g‡n`xi eY© dz‡U I‡V| [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
Ans D Why Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i cwigvY †ewk n‡j `ªeY †Nvjv‡U nq 06. gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g¨v‡µv wgbv‡ij †KvbwU?
Ges Kj‡qW KYv Aatwÿß nq| Kj‡qW KYvi Avavb Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i A. Na B. Fe C. Al D. Cu
wecixZ Avavbhy³ Avqb ev g~jK Øviv cÖkwgZ nIqvi d‡j Giƒc Ae¯vi Ans A Why gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g¨v‡µv wgbv‡ij ¸‡jv
m„wó nq| Kj‡qW `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v_© †hvM K‡i Kj‡qW n‡jv : Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Cl [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
`ªe‡Yi KYvi Aat‡ÿc ev Kj‡qW KYv I we¯Ívi gva¨‡gi ci¯úi `~‡i m‡i 07. Møvm wK¬bvi G A¨v‡gvwbqv eënv‡ii KviYÑ
hvIqv‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb e‡j| [Ref: ¸n m¨vi] (i) Møv‡mi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i gqjv `~i K‡i
 BKevj  nviæi  Iqvwn`y¾vgvb  AvwZKzi ingvb 
(ii) gqjvi mv‡_ WvB‡cvj WvB‡cvj AvKl©Y m„wó K‡i
(iii) mn‡R Ges `ªæZ Møvm ïwK‡q †h‡Z mnvqZv K‡i
01. Av‡gi QÎvK wbg~©‡j eëüZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK
A. wf‡bMvi B. digvwjb C. SO2(g) D. we‡bvwgj A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
Ans D Why  Av‡cj, bvkcvwZ, Kjv, Avg, †cu‡c, †Pwi, Avbvi‡mi
QÎvK wbg~©‡j eëüZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© n‡jv we‡bvwgj|  Rqbyj  †Zvdv‡qj  †iqvRyj  AvdRj 
 mvBUªvm dj, Av‡cj, bvkcvwZ, Avbvim d‡j QÎvK wbg~©‡j eëüZ 01. Zij G›UvwmW GKwUÑ
ivmvqwbK c`v_© _vqv‡ebWvRj| A. mj B. †Rj C. mvm‡cbmb D. Bgvjmb
 Av½y‡i QÎvK wbg©~‡j eëüZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© mvjdvi WvBA·vBW| Ans C Why mvm‡cbmb nj KwVb I Zij e¯‧i wgkªY| Zij G›UvwmW
[Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
ev cvwb‡Z Mg(OH)2 Gi wgkªY n‡”Q mvm‡cbkb| [Ref: gvneye m¨vi]
02. Kvh©Ki K¨vwbs Gi ZvcgvÎv Ñ
02. kvj `yaÑ
A. 16~20C B. 20~25C C. 25~30C D. 30~35C Ans A
03. ‡KvbwU †MvjvcR‡ji Dcv`vb bq? (i) †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv e„w× K‡i (ii) Gw›Uev‡qvwUK mg„×
A. †Mvjvc wbhv©m B. wg_vBj A¨vwm‡UU C. cvwb D. g¨vK Kve© A¨vwm‡UU ( iii ) wkïi ÿz av †gUvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK
Ans B Why ‡Mvjvc R‡ji Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jvt [Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
A . i I ii B . ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
Ans D Wh y beRvZK I wkïi •`wnK cÖe„w× Ges †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv
 †Mvjvc wbhv©m/G‡mÝ †ivR  g¨vK Kve© cvDWvi  †ivR wWIwi‡q›U  cvwb
04. Gw›UAw·‡W›UÑ MV‡bi Rb¨ `ya Acwinvh©| G Kvi‡Y wkïi Rb¨ gv‡qi `y‡ai †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|
[Ref: nvRvix I bvM m¨vi]
(i) A‡UvAw·‡Wkb cÖwZ‡iva K‡i (ii) AYyRxe aŸsm K‡i (iii) NªvYea©K 03. Møvm wK¬bvi mwµq Dcv`vb wK? [Xv.†ev. 2016]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK A. Kw÷K †mvWv B. Kw÷K cUvk
A. i B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
C. wf‡bMvi D. jNy A¨v‡gvwbqv `ªeY Ans D
Ans B Why wjwcW RvZxq c`v‡_©i A‡Uv-Aw·‡Wkb cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z
04. wewfbœ Lvev‡ii GwmwWwU wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ †KvbwU eëüZ nq?
cÖv_wgKfv‡e GwU Lv‡`¨ eënvi Kiv nq| ‡Z‡ji AvPv‡i †Z‡ji †ibwmwWwU
A. mvBwUªK GwmW B. †mvwWqvg mvB‡UªU
†iv‡ai eënvi jÿ Kiv hvq| cÖv_wgKfv‡e Aw·‡Wkb †iva Ki‡Z GwU
C. †eUv K¨v‡ivwUb D. A¨vwWwcK GwmW Ans B
Lv‡`¨ eëüZ n‡jI wKQz AYyRx‡ei Rb¨ GwU aŸsm †W‡K Av‡b| BHA,
VVI DATA AT A GLANCE  HSC PART  †miv K‡jR cÖkœ
 n¨vgevM©vi msiÿ‡Y eëüZ nq KBrO3 [RUMC]]  pH = 3 gv‡b wf‡bMv‡ii we‡qvRb gvÎv 10% [CLC]
 wcÖRvi‡fwUf †mvwWqvg †ebR‡q‡Ui Aby‡gvw`Z mxgv 200ppm [NDC]  wf‡bMv‡ii ms‡KZ CH3COOH [CMCH]
 ‡ewi‡ewi †ivMwU B1 wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e N‡U| [ISC]  ‡Mvmj Kivi mvev‡b pH Gi gvb 7Ñ8 mxgvi g‡a¨ ivLv nq| [JCPC]
 Møvm wK¬bv‡i NH3 eënvi Kiv nq| [DRMC]  `y‡a we`¨gvb mev©waK wfUvwgb- wfUvwgb G| [GDGC]
 f¨vwbwks wµ‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb cvwb| [DC]  Miæi `y‡a †Kv‡j‡÷i‡ji cwigvY mev©waK|
 Uq‡jU wK¬bvi cÖ¯‧wZ‡Z eëüZ nq †ewKs †mvWv| [MPHS]  gvL‡b †cÖvwUb 4 kZvsk _v‡K|
 A¨vmKiweK GwmW U‡g‡Uv‡Z cvIqv hvq| [AKMC]  gvLb‡K d‡qj KvMR Øviv gywo‡q msiÿY Kiv nq|
 15C ZvcgvÎvq `y‡ai Mo Av‡cwÿK ¸iæZ¡ n‡jv 1.032 [SSNI]  gvL‡b m‡ev©”P cwigv‡Y _v‡K †¯œn|
 gvQ I gvsm msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †K․Uvi †fZi ZnO cÖ‡jc †Ìqv nq| [DRMC]  Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wf‡bMvi I ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y cÖ‡qvRb| [DRMC]
 ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU K…wÎg A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U| [DC]  †Kvqv¸‡jk‡bi AvwfavwbK bvg n‡jv- RgvU euvav| [MWC]
(6–10)% B_vbwqK GwmW (wf‡bMvi) cÖvK…wZK dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm| [GPGC]  K…wÎg Lv`¨ msiÿK Lv`¨‡K RvwiZ n‡Z evav †`q I AbyRxe
[GSC]
 Avgv‡ì †`‡k wKDwis c×wZ‡Z AvPvi •Zix nq| [CULC] aŸsm K‡i|
 e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w×i mnvqK ZvcgvÎv n‡jv 30–45C [HJC]  gvbe‡`‡ni wewfbœ GbRvB‡gi Rb¨ Mg †cwk ea©‡b mnvqK| [NDC
MCQ  CONCEPT TEST  WRITTEN
01. ‡g‡n`x iÄK c`v‡_©i bvgÑ 13. gvL‡b cvwbi cwigvY KZ?
A. 2 nvB‡Wªvw· 1, 3 b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb A. 3.75% B. 16% C. 80Ñ85% D. 4.81%
B. 2 A¨vwg‡bv 1, 4 b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb 14. Kj‡qW Gi cÖKvi‡f` bq †KvbwU?
C. 2 nvB‡Wªvw· 1, 4 b¨vc_vKzB‡bvb A. G‡ivmj B. †dvg C. †Rjx D. mj
D. 2 nvB‡Wªvw· 1, 4 †eb‡RvKzB‡bvj 15. gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g¨v‡µv wgbv‡ij †KvbwU?
02. gvsm‡ckx‡Z Uvb RwbZ Amyweav m„wó nq †Kvb wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e? A. Na B. Fe C. Al D. Cu
A. Vit–A (†iwUbj) B. Vit–B6 (wcwiW·j)  OMR SHEET 
C. Vit–E ( †Uv‡Kv‡dij) D. Vit–B12 (‡dvwjK GwmW) 01. A B C D 06. A B C D 11. A B C D
03. Dw™¢‡ì dzj avi‡Yi mnvqK †KvbwU? 02. A B C D 07. A B C D 12. A B C D
A. NH4NO3 B. (NH4)2SO4 C. NH2–CO–NH2 D. KCl 03. 08. 13.
A B C D A B C D A B C D
04. Aw·‡Rb †kvlYKvix A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U †KvbwU?
04. A B C D 09. A B C D 14. A B C D
A. weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· Gwbmj (BHA) B. wfUvwgb E (Vit–E)
C. weDUvB‡j‡UW nvBWªw· UjyBb (BHT) D. ‡cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU 05. A B C D 10. A B C D 15. A B C D
05. ‡eª÷ K¨vÝv‡ii wUDgv‡ii cÖwZ MÖvg wUmy¨‡Z c¨viv‡e‡bi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q? 16. GKRb c~Y© eq¯‥ e¨w³i BMR KZ?
A. 110–9g B. 210–9g C. 310–9g D. 410–9g DËi:..............................................................................................
06. KBrO3 wb‡Pi †Kvb Lv`¨ msiÿ‡Y eëüZ nq? 17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g¨v‡µvwgbv‡ij bq?
A. cvDiæwU B. gvsm C. `ya D. n¨vgevM©vi DËi:..............................................................................................
07. mvaviYZ Lv‡`¨ welwµqv NUvq †KvbwU?
18. Food Additive wK?
A. Streptococcus B. Clostridium
C. Streptomyces D. Salmonella DËi:..............................................................................................
08. KYvi AvKv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? 19. wf‡bMvi njÑ
A. `ªeY: 0.1nm–2nm B. Kj‡qW:>500nm DËi:..............................................................................................
C. mvm‡cbkb: 2nm–500nm D. me¸‡jvB mwVK 20. b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk kw³kvjx †KvbwU?
09. nvwW©k~j‡R wbqg g‡Z †Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui •ewkó¨ bq †KvbwU? DËi:..............................................................................................
A. Kj‡qW KYvi wecixZ PvR©hy³ K¨vUvqb †Kvqv¸‡j›U iƒ‡c KvR K‡i 21. cÖvK…wZK Gw›U-Aw·‡W›U †Kvb¸‡jv?
B. Kj‡qW KYvi wecixZ PvR©hy³ A¨vbvqb †Kvqv¸‡j›U iƒ‡c KvR K‡i DËi:..............................................................................................
C. †Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui †Kvqv¸‡jkb ÿgZv  ‡Kvqv¸‡j›U Avq‡bi PvR© msL¨v 22. wK‡jwUs G‡R›U wK?
1 DËi:..............................................................................................
D. ‡Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui †Kvqv¸‡jkb ÿgZv  †Kvqv¸‡j›U Avq‡bi PvR© msL¨v
23. `ya †_‡K Qvbv cvIqvi KviY wKÑ
10. Telcum powder Gi A¨vw›U‡mcwUK ¸Y evov‡bvi Rb¨ ‡hvM Kiv nqÑ DËi:..............................................................................................
A. Perfume B. †eviv· C. Deodorant D. K2CO3 24. `y‡a Kq ai‡bi †Kwmb eZ©gvb _v‡K?
11. AvdUvi †mf cvDWv‡i †kvlY ÿgZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb Dcv`vb †hvM Kiv nq? DËi:..............................................................................................
A. †KIwjb B. MgO C. MgCO3 D. Mg3N2 25. †Mvjvc R‡ji g‡bvgy»Ki myM‡Üi KviY Kx?
12. U¨vjKg cvDWv‡ii †Kvb Dcv`vb cvDWvi‡K SiS‡i K‡i? DËi:..............................................................................................
A. U¨vjKg B. MgCO3 C. CaCO3 D. ZnO
MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN

01 C ‡g‡n`x Mv‡Qi cvZv jv‡mvb ev 2 nvB‡Wªvw· 1, 4 b¨vc_v-KzB‡bvb bvgK iÄK c`v_© _vKvi Kvi‡Y †g‡n`x cvZvi im Avgv‡ì Z¡‡K my›ì AvKl©Yxq eY© •Zwi K‡i|
02 C Concept-01: Item-3
03 D Dw™¢‡ì e„w×i mnvqKt BDwiqv (NH2–CO–NH2), A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU (NH4NO3), A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU (NH4)2SO4 Dw™¢‡ì dzj avi‡Yi mnvqKt
wgD‡iU Ae cUvk (KCl), cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU (KNO3)
04 B  mvBwUªK GwmW mv`v, MÜnxb, `vbv`vi KwVb c`v_© I ¯vqx †h․M| MjbvsK 153C Ges mvaviYZ 175C ZvcgvÎvi wb‡P we‡qvwRZ nq bv|
 miweK GwmW mv`v, MÜnxb, `vbv`vi KwVb ¯vqx †h․wMK c`v_©| ivmvqwbK bvg 2, 4 †n·vWvB‡bvwgK GwmW| Mjbv¼ 132–135C|
mvaviYZ 270C ZvcgvÎvi wb‡P we‡qvwRZ nq bv| cvwb I B_vb‡j `ªeYxq| wcÖRvi‡fwUf wn‡m‡e eëüZ miweUmg~‡ni eënvi gvÎv
0.025–0.10%| Bnv Lv‡`ï PH 4–5 G eRvq iv‡L| Gi welwµqv Lv`¨ je‡Yi 1/12 Ges †mvwWqvg †ebR‡q‡Ui 1/40 fvM|
05 B ‡eª÷ K¨vÝv‡ii wUDgv‡ii cÖwZ MÖvg wUmy¨‡Z c¨viv‡e‡bi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q- 210–9g
06 D Pressure canning c×wZ‡Z 115C ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i DËß Ki‡j Clostridium Gi †¯úvi¸‡jv wbw®…q _v‡K|
07 B weï×K…Z mewR‡Z we`¨gvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv¸‡jv nj: Escherichia, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Micrococccus,
Pseudomonos, Vaugln.
08 A Concept-3: Item-1
09 D CONCEPT-03: Item-2
10 C CONCEPT-05: Item-1
11 A CONCEPT-05: Item-1
13 B gvLb m¤ú~Y© Zij `y‡ai Pwe© †_‡K •Zwi| GwU GKwU Aa©KwVb c`v_©, hv‡Z 80Ñ85% Pwe© _v‡K| G‡Z cvwbi cwigvY cÖvq 16%|
15 A gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g¨v‡µv wgbv‡ij ¸‡jv n‡jv : Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Cl[Ref: BKevj m¨vi]
16 kixi‡K m¤ú~Y© wekÖvg Ae¯vq (ïay cÖvYhy³ †`nwUi evwn¨K Kg©PÂjnxb Ae¯v) ivLvi Rb¨ A_©vr ïaygvÎ †`‡ni Af¨šÍ‡ii cÖvY ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvmg~n
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ (Basal metabolism) †h b~¨bZg kw³ cÖ‡qvRb nq ZviB bvg Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)| GKRb c~Y© eq¯‥ e¨w³i Basal
Metabolic Rate (BMR) n‡jv 6694.04 KJ Ges GKRb bvixi Rb¨ Zv 6276 KJ| GB gvb¸‡jv GKRb gvby‡li kix‡i •`wbK †gvU kw³i †h
Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Zvi `yB Z…Zxqvsk|
17 LwbR je‡Yi cÖKvi‡f`: LwbR jeY‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq-
g¨v‡µvwgbv‡ij: Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Cl; gvB‡µvwgbv‡ij: Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, I, Se, Si, Mo, Co, B
18 Lv`¨ ms‡hvRbx (Food Additive): †hme AwZwi³ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ †hvM K‡i Lv‡`ï ¯^v`, eY© I †m․›`h© e„w× Kiv nq Zv‡ì Lv`¨ ms‡hvRbx e‡j|
Gw›U Aw·‡W›U Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi RviY †iva K‡i eY© wVK iv‡L| Ex: BHA, BHT|
19 wf‡bMvi: GwmwUK GwmW ev B_vbwqK Gwm‡Wi (CH3COOH) 6-10% Rjxq `ªeYB wf‡bMvi| G‡Z 99-94% cvwb we`¨gvb| Lv`¨`ª‡e¨ wf‡bMvi
†hvM Kivi d‡j Zv Dcv`v‡bi pH gvb‡K Kwg‡q 5 †_‡K 4 Gi wb‡P wb‡q Av‡m|
20 b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm: b¨vPvivj dzW wcÖRvi‡fwUfm nj jeY, wf‡bMvi, wPwb, A¨vj‡Kvnj| Gi g‡a¨ weï× B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj me‡P‡q †ewk
kw³kvjx|
21 A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U Gi cÖKvi‡f`: A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U `yB cÖKvi| h_v: cÖvK…wZK A¨vw›U Aw·‡W›U Ges K…wÎg A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U| cÖvK…wZK A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U
n‡jv A¨vmKiweK GwmW (wfUvwgb C), †Uv‡Kv‡dij, -K¨v‡ivwUb I †m‡jwbqvg| Avi AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯v KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z K…wÎg A¨vw›U-Aw·‡W›U
mg~n n‡jv BHA, BHT, TBHQ I †cÖvcvBj M¨v‡jU|
22 wK‡jwUs G‡R›U (Chelating Agent): Lv`ë¯‧i g‡a¨ _vKv Ae¯všÍi avZzi Avqb (trace elements: Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+) •Zj-Pwe©i RviY ev
we‡qvRb wµqvi cÖfveKiƒ‡c wµqv K‡i| †hgb- Kcvi Avqb Øviv GmKiweK GwmW, wfUvwgb-E, _vqvwgb dwjK GwmW webó nq Ges Cu I Fe
Df‡q Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb-A webó K‡i Lv`ë¯‧‡K weeY© K‡i| ZvB Lv`ë¯‧i G me Ae¯všÍi avZzi Avqb‡K `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mwbœ‡ek eÜb Øviv
Ave× ivL‡Z †h ivmvqwbK †h․M eëüZ nq, G‡ì‡K wK‡jwUs G‡R›U e‡j|
23 †Kvqv¸‡jkb: B‡jK‡UªvjvB‡Ui Dcw¯wZ‡Z AvYweK ch©v‡qi AmsL¨ KYvi GKwÎZ n‡q RgvU evavi cÖwµqv‡K †Kvqv¸‡jkb e‡j|
D`v: (i) `ya †_‡K Qvbv cov (ii)b`xi †Nvjv cvwb mgy‡`ª wMqv cwi¯‥vi nIqv (iii) Kv`vgvwU evwj R‡g †gvnbv‡Z Øxc •Zwi
(iv) ivevi Mv‡Qi im †_‡K ivevi •Zwi BZ¨vw`|
24 †Kwmb: `y‡ai cÖavb †cÖvwUb Dcv`vb n‡jv K¨vwmb| ‡Kwmb n‡jv GK cÖKvi dm‡dv‡cÖvwUb| `y‡a Pvi ai‡bi ‡Kwmb _v‡K| Z_v:
(i) S1 K¨vwRb (ii) S2 K¨vwRb (iii)  K¨vwRb (iv) K¨vwRb
25 †Mvjvc R‡ji myMwÜi KviY: †Mvjvc R‡ji g‡bvgy»Ki myM‡Üi KviY n‡jv wdbvBj B_vBj A¨vj‡Kvnj (C6H5CH2CH2OH)|
cÖkœB hLb cÖkœ nq  †kl `„wó  KviY AbymÜvb cÖ‡qvRb bq

 FYvZ¥K As2S3 m‡ji †Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui †ÿ‡Î NaCl A‡cÿv AlCl3 †ewk †`‡ki kxl© K…wlwe`‡ì mgwš^Z cÖqvm...
Kvh©Kwi n‡q _v‡K †Kb?
 abvZ¥K Fe(OH)3 m‡ji †Kvqv¸‡j‡›Ui †ÿ‡Î NaCl A‡cÿv Na2SO4
†ewk Kvh©Kwi n‡q _v‡K †Kb? 1 NETWORK [mKj K…wl wek^we`¨vjq fwZ© mnvwqKv]
 KCl A‡cÿv Al2(SO4)3 AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx †Kvqv¸‡j›U c`v_© †Kb? 2 AGRI-EXAM [mKj K…wl wek^we`¨vjq fwZ©i cÖkœe¨vsK]
 ‡mf Kivi mgq mvgvb¨ †K‡U †M‡j i³ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ wdUwKwi eënvi
Kiv nq †Kb? 3 NETWORK nvBjvBUm [†kl gyn~‡Z©i cÖ¯w‘ Zi Rb¨]
 b`xi †Nvjv cvwb cv‡Î wb‡q Zv‡Z wdUwKwi †hvM Ki‡j cvwb ¯^”Q nq Ges 4 NETWORK g‡Wj †U÷ [Abykxjb ce©]
cvwbi wb‡Pi ¯Í‡i Zjvwb c‡o †Kb?
 fv‡Zi †db VvÛv Ki‡j RgvU †e‡a hvq †Kb?
 b`xi †gvnbvq eØx‡ci m„wó nq †Kb? K…wl wek^we`¨vjq fwZ©‡Z Avgiv K…wlwe` AvwQ †Zvgv‡ì cv‡k...
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†Zvgvi jÿ¨ hw` _v‡K nxi‡Ki gZ `„p, Group : K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cÖ¯‧wZ I Z_¨ †K›`ª-Network
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CHEMISTRY PLUS Zwor imvqb 445

BASIC TOUCH AT A GLANCE ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kã¸‡”Qi cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM [TOPICS Gi ¸iæZ¡vbymv‡i]

Acwievnx Zwor cwievnx Kz-cwievnx

Zwor cwienb c×wZ Abymv‡i Zwor cwienb ÿgZv Abymv‡i

Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ g„`y Zwor we‡køl¨ Zwor Awe‡køl¨ cwievnx

cÖkœ-1 : wKfv‡e Aa©-cwievnxi cwievwnZv e„w× cvq?

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

†_‡K `ªexf~Z nq ev K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ nq|

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

g¨v½vwbR Mn Zn(s) + 2H2O(g)  Zn(OH)2 (s) + H2(g)

Zwor abvZ¥KZv e„w×

Li/Li+ +3.04 Li+/Li wb‡Pi w`‡K weRviY wefe evo‡Q –3.04

K/K+ +2.92 K+/K –2.92

cÖkœ-01 : K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU AwaK mwµq?

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

K, Ca, Na, Mg,

e¨vL¨v: Rjxq `ªe‡Y Avqbt NaCl ⇌ Na + Cl ,H2O ⇌ H + OH

 CONCEPT 04 ZworØvi (Electrode) I Aa©‡Kvl m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj

 Aa©‡Kv‡li cÖKvi‡f`: avZzi A¨vgvjMvg I A`ªeYxq je‡Yi M¨vmxq RviY N‡U‡Q-

cÖkœ-01 : jeY †mZz Kx I jeY¸‡jvi bvg †jL? [RUET. 2008-09]

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

 CONCEPT 05 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl

(Ñ) A¨v‡bvW B‡jKUªb cÖevn K¨v‡_vW (+)

 Item- 03: Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kvl I Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡li cv_©K¨-

 Item-05: K‡qKwU we`¨yr †K‡li ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨-

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

 CONCEPT 06 wiPv‡R©ej e¨vUvwii MVb,Kvh©cÖYvjx I wiPvR© cÖwµqv

welqe¯‘ †jW-GwmW †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

A. Lithium ion battery B. Lithium battery A. Pb B. PbO C. PbSO4 D. PbO2

wPÎ-dz‡qj †mj ¯‥xg wPÎ-dz‡qj †mj Gi eøK wPÎ

 gRvi wUªKm: PREMA Went To PACIFIC So Mili Cried-

 mvgwMÖK †Kvl wewµqv : 2H2(g) + O2(g) ––– 2H2O(l) (weRviY)

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

wPÎ hLb wgÎ Møvm ZworØvi I K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡ii mgš^‡q pH wgUvi

 Item-02: Zwor cÖ‡jcb ev ELECTROPLATING-

cÖkœ-01 : B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs wK? B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs Gi e¨envi wjL| [BUTex. 2004-05]

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

WRITEEN  CONCEPT : 09 Zwor cwievnx m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM-01 [MATH]  MCQ

Calculator wenxb AsK Kivi Awfbe wUªKm I WvUv ms‡hvRb

cÖ‡qvRbxq Zzj¨vsK (e)

mgvavbt Q = enF  n= w = It  w =  M .It  W = ZIt  Z = W = 0.8

mgvavbt Q = enF  It = e  w  F  e = MIt = 52  0.0422  3600 = 2.976  3 (Ans.)

B. we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY wbY©qt Q = enF

mgvavbt w = MIT = 32  100  193 = 32  19300 = 8  1 = 8

mgvavbt w = MIt = 58.7  3.7  6  3600 = 24.3 gm

D. mgq msµvšÍ mgm¨v t =

E. e msL¨v/cigvYyi msL¨v wbY©q  = 

F. AvqZb msµvšÍ mgm¨v n = Q = x = VSTP = VSATP

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

5 †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm wegy³ nq? [JU-D1.2017-18]

RU A. 0.5 B. 1.5 C. 2.0 D. 1.0

65 C. 74.069  1011 kg/C D. 74.069  1013 kg/C

K‡i? [BUET: 2007-2008] mwVK DËi: E. 74.069  106 kg/C

e¨vL¨v: w = MIt = 63.54  2  60  60 = 2.37 g

 CONCEPT 10 Zwor †Kvl m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

GENERAL RULES (Written) 3 in 1 TRICKS & TIPS (TnT)

GENERAL RULES (Written) 3 in 1 TRICKS & TIPS (TnT)

GENERAL RULES (Written) 3 in 1 TRICKS & TIPS (TnT)

GENERAL RULES (Written) 3 in 1 TRICKS & TIPS (TnT)

 Item-02 : avZe cv‡Î †Kvb avZz ivLv m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v

 REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 