Experiment No.

: - Date:-

FLOW CONTROL LOOP

Aim:
To study the response of P controller of step input for different controller
parameters (proportional band )on flow control loop and also calculate the parameters
like offset and settling time.
Theory:

Flow control is very essential in process industry where heat exchangers, reactors
etc., are widely employed. The controller employed may perform its action based on set
of rules be Proportional (P) or Proportional Integral (PI) or Proportional Integral
Derivative (PID)
Proportional (P) controller

In proportional controller the control algorithm generates a linear control output

proportional to deviation. In proportional action the amount of change in the measured
value (or deviation) is expressed in percent of span that is required to cause the control
output to change from 0 to 100 % is called the proportional band. The controller output is
given by:

Where, OP is the output, PB is proportional band in %, b is the bias value, and e is the
error signal. If there is no biasing, output OP will become zero when error is zero. Hence
bias value decides the value of output when error is zero.
The proportional controllers usually show some difference between the set point
and process variable called offset. The offset can be reduced by decreasing proportional
band or by readjusting the bias. With decrease in proportional band the process becomes
oscillatory.
Tabulation:
Proportional Controller action for step change
Set Point = 50 to 60 Proportional band = 100
Time s SP % PV % OP % Time s SP % PV % OP %
Block Diagram:

Description of the Set Up:

 Flow control trainer is designed for understanding the basic principles of flow
control.
 The process setup consists of supply water tank fitted with pump for water
circulation. A DP transmitter is used for flow sensing which measures differential
pressure across orifice meter.
 The process parameter (flow) is controlled by microprocessor based digital
indicating controller which manipulates pneumatic control valve through I/P
converter.
 The control valve is fitted in water flow line.
 These units along with necessary piping are fitted on support housing designed for
table top mounting.
 The controller can be connected to computer through USB port for monitoring the
process in SCADA mode.
Tabulation:
Proportional Controller action for step change
Set Point = 50 to 60 Proportional band = 50

Time s SP % PV % OP % Time s SP % PV % OP %
Tabulation:
Proportional Controller action for step change
Set Point = 50 to 60 Proportional band = 20
Time s SP % PV % OP % Time s SP % PV % OP %
Result: