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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT121
Integration by Parts

Dr. S.O. Edeki

 Integration by parts from Product Rule

d dv du
Re call:  uv   u  v
dx dx dx
d dv du
   uv dx   u dx   v dx
dx dx dx
 uv   udv   vdu
So,

 udv  uv   vdu ( *)
2
 Choices of u: Method I: Integration by parts

Using  udv  uv   vdu (*)

Choices of u : From the integrand, let u be
the function whose derivative is simpler than
u (itself). That term/function whose
derivative is lower in form or power.
Then dv the remaining function with dx.
 Ex 1: Evaluate the following

 
x
(a) xe dx (b) ln xdx

 
2
(c) x sin xdx (d) x cos xdx
 Choices of u: Method II:
Integration by parts {LIATE}
• SEE CHOICE OF u AND dv
LIATE for the choice of u [as in BODMAS]
L= log function
I= inverse trig function
A= algebraic function
T= trigonometric functions
E=exponential functions
 LIATE and the Forms
See the examples/forms as follows
 Exceptions to LIATE Method

• Assignment/Student-exercise

(i) Are there exceptions to the LIATE method?

(ii) Write a brief note on (i) with some examples
and possible solutions. Hence, evaluate:

(a) I   x e dx
3 x2
 Remark on recursive Integration by Parts

• Integration by parts is done recursively when

such integration (by parts) is needed more
than once.
(i) Examples are as follows. Evaluate:

(a) I   e sin  x  dx
x

(b) I   x sin  x  dx
3
(S/C/W-Ex)
 Ex 2: Evaluate the following

I x 5
 x  1 dx
3
 

3 5 
2 3 3
 x x 1
9
  2  
4 3
45

x 1 2 c 


where u  x , dv  x  1
5 3
Class Ex: Evaluate the following

(i) I   xe dx 2x

(i) I   x ln  x  dx
2
 HINTS ON INTEGRATION BY PARTS
If u and v are differentiable functions, then ∫ u dv = uv – ∫ v du.

There are basically two ways to perform integration by parts.

These are the standard method (above) and column integration.
Both methods will be shown/discussed.
See the example(s) below.

(i) I   xe 2 x dx
 uv   vdu
 xe 
1
6
6x 1
36
e  k.
6x
 CONDITIONS FOR INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Integration by parts can be used only if the integrand satisfies the

following conditions.
(a). The integrand can be written as the product of two factors:
u and dv.
(b). It is possible to integrate dv to get v and to differentiate u to
get du.
(c). The integral ∫ v du can be found.
 COLUMN METHOD: INTEGRATION BY PARTS

The steps for the column method are:

(i) Create two columns, one called D  u-term for derivative 
and the other one called  for dv-term to be integrated)  .
(ii) Pair the terms in D and I accordingly.
(iii) Keep differentiating (until zero result, if possible)
and integrating accordingly
(iv) Connect the terms diagonally with a line.
(iv) Study the pattern, then map and assign , , , ,
 Ex C1: Evaluate the following integrals using the column method

(a) I*   5 x 3e 4 x dx (b) I*   16 x 3  20 x  ln 7 x dx

Solution (a): Here, Take note of the arrows

and the signs (+, -).
D=5x 3 , I=e 4x dx D I

+ 5x 3 e4 x

– 15x 2 1
4 e4 x

+ 30x 1
16 e4 x

– 30 1
64 e4 x
1
e4 x
0 256

I   5 x e dx    5 x
3 4x 3
 1
4
e   15 x 2  161 e
4x 4x
   30 x   1
64
e 4 x    30   1
256
e4 x   C

 4
3

16  
2

32  
 5 x e 4 x  15 x e 4 x  15 x e 4 x  15 e 4 x  C
128   
Solution to (b)

(b) I   16 x 3  20 x  ln 7 x dx

Remark: It is clear that

repeated derivatives cannot D I
yield zero, thus, we stop and
apply the related note. + ln | 7x | 16x 3 – 20x
As such, the product of the
7 1
last result will be integrated. –  4x 4 – 10x 2
7x x

 I*   1 6 x  2 0 x  ln 7 x d x
3

1
   ln 7 x 4x 4
 10 x2      4 x4  10 x2  dx
x
   ln 7 x 4x 4
 10 x2    4 x
3
 10 x  dx
  4 x 4  1 0 x 2  ln 7 x   x 4  5 x 2   C
 Evalate the following:
 xe x
2x 2
(i) dx (ii) Inxdx

2 1
(iii)  x sin 2 xdx (iv)  xe dx
2 x

0 0

(v)  Inxdx
THANK YOU