PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Handout 1

H.T.S.Jayalath
1 Division of Polymer and Chemical Engineering
Technology
2 Time Line

1. Stone Age 6. Plastic / Oil Age

2. Copper Age 7. Atomic Age
3. Bronze Age 8. Information Age
4. Iron Age 9. Nanotech Age
5. Industrial Age
3 1.Stone Age
4 2.Copper Age
5 03.Bronze Age
6 4.Iron Age
7 5.Industial age
8 6.Plastic/Oil age
9 7.Atomic Age
10 8.Information Age / Silicone Age
11 9. Nanotech age
Carbon Fiber

Graphene
12 What are materials?

Materials are the substances of which something is made

or composed of.
13 How are engineering materials classified?

1. Metals
2. Polymers
3. Ceramics
4. Composites
5. Wood
• Metals
– Pure metals
• Iron [Fe]
• Copper [Cu]
• Aluminium [Al]
– Alloys
• Steel [Fe+C]
• Brass [Cu+Zn]
• Bronze [Cu+Sn]
• Duralumin [Al+Cu]
• Stainless steel [Fe+C+Cr+Ni],
• Cast iron [Fe+C]
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Pure Metals

Copper

Iron Aluminum

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Alloys

Steel Stainless Steel Cast Iron

Bronze
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Brass
• Polymers
– Plastics
• Poly vinyl chloride [PVC]
• Poly ethylene / Polythene [PE]
• Poly propylene [PP]
• Poly styrene [PS]
• Poly methyl meth-acrylate [PMMA] -
Perspex
– Rubber
• Poly isoprene / Natural rubber [NR]
• Styrene buta-di-ene rubber [SBR]
• Butyl Rubber [BR] 17
18

H H
C C
H H n

POLYETHYLENE
19

H H
C C
H Cl n

PVC
20

H H
C C
H CH3 n

polypropylene
21

H H
C C
H n

polystyrene
22

H CH3
C C
H COOCH3 n

Perspex (PMMA)
• Ceramics
– Clays
– Cement
– Diamond
– Electro ceramics
• Composites
– Concrete
– GFRP [glass fiber reinforced plastic] –
fiber glass
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• Ceramics

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• Ceramics

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• Ceramics

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• Composites

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28 Why “Properties of Materials” for engineering
technology?

 Engineers design products and systems, make

them and monitor their use
 Material selection is an integral part of these
activities
 Thus engineers should have basic and applied
knowledge of materials.

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Installation of thermal protection
ceramic tiles on the Space
29
Shuttle Orbiter (NASA)
Hip joint

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 Stainless steel
Stainless steel Co–Cr–Mo alloys
Co–Cr–Mo alloys Ti–Al–V alloys
Ti–Al–V alloys Aluminum oxide
Aluminum oxide Polyethylene
Zirconium oxide

Stainless steel
Co–Cr–Mo alloys
PMMA
Ti–Al–V alloys

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32
100-mm-diameter silicon wafer