REVISI N

MAP
Gravitation
The non-contact force of attraction between any two bodies in the Gravitational Constant (G)
universe.
✦ The gravitational force between two
objects of unit mass each separated by a
unit distance from each other.
Gravitational Force F=G
✦ The force with which the earth pulls the bodies towards it.
✦ It is the universal gravitational constant
✦ It does not need any contact between two bodies. found by Cavendish.
✦ It is an inverse square force. ✦ Its unit is Nm2/kg2.
✦ It forms action-reaction pair. ✦ Its value is 6.67 ×10–11 Nm2/kg2.

Universal Law of Gravitation Relation between G and g

✦ The attractive force between any two objects in the universe Gm
✦ g=
is directly proportional to the product of their masses and R2
inversely proportional to the square of distance between ✦ g is maximum at poles and minimum at
them. equator.
G m1 m2
✦ F=
r2
Free Fall
✦ When objects fall towards the earth under
Weight the gravitational force alone.
✦ The force with which a body is attracted towards the centre of ✦ In vacuum, all bodies fall towards earth
earth. with the same speed.
✦ Unit is newton.
✦ Vector quantity. Acceleration due to Gravity (g)
✦ w = mg
✦ Acceleration produced in a freely falling
✦ Weight of body changes from place to place. body due to gravitational attraction of
✦ Weight of an object on moon is one-sixth of the weight on the earth.
earth. ✦ The value of g is 9.8 m/s 2.

Mass Equation of Motion for Freely

✦ It is the quantity of matter contained in a body. Falling Bodies
✦ Unit is kg. ✦ v = u + gt
✦ Scalar quantity. ✦ h = ut + — 1 gt 2
2
✦ v 2 = u 2 + 2gh
✦ When a object fall vertically downwards,
then acceleration due to gravity is taken as
positive.
u = 0, g = + 9.8 m/s2
✦ When an object is thrown vertically
upwards, then acceleration due to gravity
is taken as negative.
v = 0, g = 9.8 m/s2
✦ Time taken by an object to fall from a
height is same as time taken by it to rise
the same height.