Axial loaded column :

Elastically Behavior For Axially Loaded Column:

When an axial load is applied to a reinforced concrete short column,
the concrete can be considered to behave elastically up to a low stress
of about

Axially Loaded Column:

If the load on the column is increased to reach its ultimate strength,
the maximum strength concrete will reach and the steel will reach its
yield strength fy
The nominal load capacity of the column can be written as follows:

Tied column
For a tied column, the concrete fails by crushing and shearing outward, the
longitudinal steel bars fail by buckling outward between ties, and the
column failure occurs suddenly, much like the failure of a concrete cylinder.

ACI CODE LIMITATIONS

1- ACI Code sets the strength reduction factors Ф= 0.65 SECT

2- longitudinal steel percentage 10.9.1
3- At least four bars are required for tied 10.9.2
4- The ties shall be arranged that every corner
Alternate longitudinal bar shall
- have lateral support provided by
the corner of s tie having an included angle of not more
than 135ᵒ
- No bar shall be farther 150 mm clear on either side from such
a laterally supported bar

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DESIGN OF TIED SHORT CONCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS.
Loads Cases : Material (Ƴ ):
AXIAL fc' = 28 N/mm3
(kN) fy = 350 N/mm2
P1 = 2600 Dimension :
P2 = 2600 Cover to stirrup = 40 mm
P3 = 2600
P4 = 2600
P5 = 2600
Minimum eccentricities e : 25mm or 0.05h
The term h represents the total depth of square or rectangular columns.

Ф= 0.65
Ag Ast req Number Bar dia Ast Pro
h(mm) b(mm) ρg
(mm2) (mm2) bars (mm) (mm2)
P1 = 400 400 160,000 3654.2 6 28 3694.5 0.0231
P2 = 400 400 160,000 3654.2 10 28 6157.5 0.0385
P3 = 400 400 160,000 3654.2 12 28 7389 0.0462
P4 = 400 400 160,000 3654.2 14 28 8620.5 0.0539
P5 = 400 400 160,000 3654.2 14 28 8620.5 0.0539

Number of bars in each face: Number of stirrups Legs in each face:

h b h b

P1 = 3 2 P1 = 2 2
P2 = 3 2 P2 = 2 2
P3 = 3 2 P3 = 2 2

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P4 = 3 2 P4 = 2 2
P5 = 3 2 P5 = 2 2

Design of Ties:
Minimum Spacing (mm)

16× Bar dia

48 ×Tie dia

least dim
Tie dia

Column
Spacing
(mm)

(mm)
ds s MIN
(mm) (mm)

P1 = 10 400 OK 480 448 400 400

P2 = 10 400 OK 480 448 400 400
P3 = 10 400 OK 480 448 400 400
P4 = 10 400 OK 480 448 400 400
P5 = 10 400 OK 480 448 400 400
FOR P1 :
Tie diameter ds = 10 mm
Spacing of ties shall not exceed the smallest of:
(1) 48 times the tie diameter 48ds 48 ¿ 10 = 480 mm
=
(2) 16 times the longitudinal bar dia = 16 ¿ 28 = 448 mm
(3)The least dimension of the column = = 400 mm Control

Use φ 10 @ 400 OK

Check for code requirements:

1- Clear spacing between longitudinal bars:
h - Face
clear spacing = 400 - 40 ¿ 2 - 10 ¿ 2 - 28 ¿ 3 = 108 mm
2
b - Face
clear spacing = 400 - 40 ¿ 2 - 10 ¿ 2 - 28 ¿ 2 = 244 mm
1
2- Gross reinforcement ratio
0.0231 OK
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3-Number of bars = 6 >= 4 OK
4-Minimum tie diameter = 10 OK

Check for Code Requirements:

Clear spacing
Gross
between Number Min
longitudinal bars
reinforcement STATUS
ratio of bars Tie dia
(mm)

h b No > 4

P1 = 108 244 0.023 6 10 OK

P2 = 108 244 0.038 10 10 OK
P3 = 108 244 0.046 12 10 OK
P4 = 108 244 0.054 14 10 OK
P5 = 108 244 0.054 14 10 OK

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‫قوات الطوارئ الخاصة | ‪© 2023‬‬
Column :
It can be assumed that axially loaded columns are those with relatively
small eccentricity, 0.1h, of about or less, where is the total depth of the column

the eccentric distance from the center of the column

1. Based on loading, columns may be classified as follows:
a. Axially loaded columns, where loads are assumed acting at the
center of the column section
b. Eccentrically loaded columns,where loads are acting at a distance
e from the center of the column section. The distance e could be
along the X- or Y- axis, causing moments either about the or axis.
c. Biaxially loaded columns, where the load is applied at any point
on the column section, causing moments about both the and axes
simultaneously.
2. Based on length, columns may be classified as follows:
a. Short columns, where the column's failure is due to the crushing
of concrete or the yielding of the steel bars under the full load
capacity of the column.
b. Long columns, where buckling effect and slenderness ratio must
be taken into consideration in the design, thus reducing the load
capacity of the column relative to that of a short column.
 ACI-318
REF

h relatively
epth of the column and is

acting at the

ting at a distance
ance e could be
out the or axis.
d at any point
oth the and axes

to the crushing
he full load

ness ratio must

ucing the load