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Adios Al Hambre Emocional. Deja - Laia Sole
Adios Al Hambre Emocional. Deja - Laia Sole
DLBFVJ
JBH@NHCLE
Mjal mj
`hbjr l thmls dhrls
y `hcsniuj tu pjsh nmjle snc mnjtls
Elnl Pheî
6?<>
© 6?<>. Elnl Pheî
© 6?<>. Mje prðehih, mh`thrl @lrbjc P. Lejirâl
© Ghthirlgâl mj el luthrl1 © Plrld Wls`h mj Oehsutne
© 6?<>. Mj jstl jmn`nðc, Jmnthrnle JMLG, P. E. Z.
NPFC1 >94-4=-=<=-0>=7-9
L Ahlc y ]jrjsl, bns plmrjs, phr sjr je tjrrjch gîrtne
quj bj dl pjrbntnmh lprjcmjr l vlejrbj phr bâ bnsbl
y gehrj`jr.
L Ejðc, mhcmj qunjrl quj jstîs.
«Je dlbfrj phr je lbhr js bìs mngâ`ne mj sl`nlr
quj je dlbfrj phr je plc».
Blmrj ]jrjsl mj @le`utl
_rðehih
«\uj el `hbnml sjl tu lenbjcth
y je lenbjcth tu bjmn`ncl».
Dnpð`rltjs
@ulcmh Elnl bj prhpush dl`j uchs mâls js`rnfnr je prðehih mj jstj enfrh, eh
prnbjrh quj sjctâ guj shrprjsl, phrquj ch eh jspjrlfl. Jcsjiunml bn shrprjsl
sj thrcð jc lejirâl; snjbprj js uc pel`jr `helfhrlr `hc leiunjc quj tnjcj tlctl
euz nctjrnhr, quj js `lplz ch sheh mj leubfrlr su prhpnh jspl`nh, snch quj
neubncl y bjahrl el vnml mj thmls els pjrshcls quj el rhmjlc.
”Dj pjcslmh jc tn, phrquj qunjrh quj je prðehih eh js`rnfl ucl pjrshcl
rjlebjctj `hcvjc`nml mj quj ch dly bjahr bjmn`ncl quj je Lbhr.
”_ujs ch sj dlfej bìs.
Jgj`tnvlbjctj, je lbhr js el bjahr bjmn`ncl, phrquj rjplrl nc`eush els
djrnmls
snjbprj,quj ch sjmje
je hrnijc vjc, jsls
rjsth mj quj sujejchriìcn`ls.
plthehiâls sjr els mj pjhr prhcðstn`h y, `lsn
Zch mj ehs ðrilchs mnlcl quj bìs sj rjsnjctjc `ulcmh els jbh`nhcjs sj
qujmlc ltls`lmls js je snstjbl mnijstnvh. Vj`ujrmh l ucl cnül quj sugrnð
murlctj mhs lühs uc tjrrnfej mhehr mj jstðblih quj ch dlfâl ghrbl mj `leblr
`hc ehs gìrbl`hs dlfntulejs. @urnhslbjctj, ej mjslplrj`âl `ulcmh `hbjczlfl
l flnelr. Pu blmrj sj eejvlfl els blchs l el `lfjzl1 «Mh`thrl, ¸quî pjcslrâl
ustjm sn el vnjrl phstrlml jc el `lbl, eehrlcmh snc plrlr y mj rjpjctj pjil uc
sleth y sj phcj l flnelr `hbh eh`l, y bj bnrl y bj mn`j quj yl ch ej mujej8».
El blmrj ch `rjâl quj jxnstnjrl mhehr cnciuch. @hbprjcmâ je prh`jsh `ulcmh
supj quj je mhehr jrl prhvh`lmh phr el blel rjel`nðc quj tjcâl `hc su tuthrl
mje
lrtj `hejinh.
mj blinlZcl
y je vjz quj tjrbncð
jstðblih sulpjrnhmh
ch vhevnð mhejrej. jstumnlctne, sj `urð `hbh phr
Pn guîrlbhs `hcs`njctjs mj quj jc je tufh mnijstnvh dly bìs cjurhcls quj
jc el bnsbâsnbl bîmuel jspncle y quj js austlbjctj jc els trnpls mhcmj sj
«`uj`jc» el blyhrâl mj els sustlc`nls quj chs jcgjrblc h chs slclc, sjrâlbhs
bu`dh bìs `unmlmhshs le jejinr, ch sheh quî `hbjbhs, snch `ðbh, mðcmj y
`hc qunîc `hbplrtnbhs je l`th mj lenbjctlrchs.
@ulcmh ehs pl`njctjs bj prjiuctlc sn `rjh quj leiñc lenbjcth `hc`rjth
pujmj sjctlrejs ble, snjbprj ejs rjsphcmh quj ch bj prjiuctjc l bâ, snch l
su jstðblih. Je `ujrph js slfnh y slfj buy fnjc `ðbh `urlrsj l sâ bnsbh,
snjbprj quj ch chs jbpjüjbhs jc phcjrej zlc`lmneels.
Zcl mj els bìs irlcmjs zlc`lmneels quj shejbhs phcjrchs l chshtrhs bnsbhs
shc cujstrhs prhpnhs pjcslbnjcths. Jshs eh`hs `dneehcjs quj chs blrtneejlc y
chs tnjcjc mnvlilcmh jctrj je lyjr y je blülcl. _lrl ch hârehs, chs rhmjlbhs
mj runmh jxtjrch, `ulcth bìs leth bjahr. @ulcmh cujstrls trnpls sj jc`hijc y
chs lvnslc mj quj leih ch vl fnjc jc jsj rjvhetnah mj `uepls y mj bnjmhs,
tlbfnîc `lbugelbhs su eelblml `hc eh prnbjrh quj jc`hctrlbhs le lfrnr el
cjvjrl, quj `urnhslbjctj sujej sjr uc `leðrn`h plstje mj `rjbl y `dh`heltj h
ucls `ulctls jbplclmneels. Jciueenbhs `hbnmls, chtn`nls, tjbhrjs, prnsls,
ltls`hs, runmhs, jtnqujtls… ^ mjspuîs thblbhs lctnì`nmhs plrl plenlr el
sjcsl`nðc mj quj cujstrls trnpls jstìc l pucth mj jxpehtlr.
Dl`j uchs lühs nctjirî jc bn vnml pjrshcle je Bncmguecjss. Le `hbprhflr su
`lpl`nmlm slclmhrl y, shfrj thmh, quj ch tnjcj jgj`ths sj`ucmlrnhs cn
`hctrlncmn`l`nhcjs, eh `hbjc`î l utnenzlr `hbh uc «bjmn`lbjcth» bìs jc bn
jajr`n`nh mnlrnh mj el Bjmn`ncl. ^ ehs rjsuetlmhs shc tlc shrprjcmjctjs, quj
pnjcsh quj mjfjrâl ghrblr plrtj mj thmls els jspj`nlenmlmjs.
Vjlebjctj, `rjh quj lprjcmjr l vnvnr «Lquâ y Ldhrl» y lenbjctlrchs «Lquâ y
Ldhrl» mjfjrâl sjr ucl lsniclturl hfenilthrnl jc thmls els js`ujels y, phr
supujsth, sjrâl jstupjcmh quj ghrblrl plrtj mje blejtâc mj urijc`nls mj
thmhs bns `hejils.
Vj`hbnjcmh, phr prjs`rnp`nðc gl`uetltnvl, slfhrjlr `lml uch mj ehs `lpâtuehs
mj jstj enfrh j nctjirlr jc cujstrl lenbjctl`nðc `htnmnlcl `lml ucl mj sus
rj`hbjcml`nhcjs.
Mrl. @lrbjc P. Lejirâl
Bîmn`h `hcvjc`nml mj quj ch dly bjahr Bjmn`ncl quj je Lbhr
Leiucls `hcsnmjrl`nhcjs prjvnls
Vjsñbjcjs h
Lvnshs shfrj `ljr.
quj pujmjs els trlbpls jc jc
¡Flslmhs els Jstumnhs, jxpjrnbjcths y rj`lpntuel`nhcjs mj nmjls
`urnhsnmlmjs quj lfhrmlc els `elvj quj js nbphrtlctj quj
el jxpjrnjc`nl pjrshcle!
`ujstnhcjs trltlmls jc je enfrh mj tj eejvjs `hctnih.
ghrbl bìs `njctâgn`l.
Ztnenzl tu nblincl`nðc
plrl `rjlr eh quj sj
Je ejciulaj ncgeuyj jc cujstrl ghrbl mj mjsjls jc el vnml.
vjr je bucmh, lsâ quj sî `hcs`njctj mj
< Lprhvj`dh plrl `hbjctlrtj quj, sjiñc ehs cjurðehihs, uc tjxth `hc nbìijcjs sj rj`ujrml
jc uc 7: %, y snc nblijc jc uc <? %. Mj ldâ el `hcvjcnjc`nl mj nc`hrphrlr jsths `hbpejbjcths
irìgn`hs.
_lrtj <
]HBLCMH @HCP@NJC@NL
_rjsjctl`nðc
Jstj enfrh jstì mnrninmh jspj`nlebjctj l qunjcjs jstìc jc eu`dl `hctrl els
mnjtls, qunjcjs ch sj snjctjc `lpl`js mj `hctrhelr eh quj `hbjc, qunjcjs
sugrjc
quj chmj ejsdlbfrj jbh`nhcle
dlc guc`nhclmh y qunjcjs
(h quj dlc
sheh ejs prhflcmh
dlc thmh tnphl `hrth
mlmh rjsuetlmhs mj bîthmhs
pelzh).
Pn js tu `lsh, tj lcuc`nh, mj jctrlml, quj dls jstlmh lfhrmlcmh el pîrmnml mj
pjsh mj ucl blcjrl jqunvh`lml. ]hmh eh quj dls nctjctlmh dlstl ldhrl dl
snmh mjsmj gujrl dl`nl lmjctrh, ghrzìcmhtj l `hbjr js`lslbjctj y
prhdnfnîcmhtj ehs lenbjcths quj tlcth lcsâls. Dls pujsth plr`djs snc nr l el
rlâz mje prhfejbl, l els `lusls h`uetls quj mjsjc`lmjclc tu dlbfrj
nc`hctrhelfej. ^ tj dls `rjâmh quj dls gleelmh phrquj tj gletl gujrzl mj
vheuctlm.
Ch tj eh rjprh`djs. Jc el l`tulenmlm jxnstjc bnejs mj bîthmhs mj
lmjeilzlbnjcth h mjstnclmhs l `lbfnlr cujstrl blcjrl mj `hbjr, quj chs
prhbjtjc `lbfnhs rìpnmhs y bnelirhshs mj nblijc. Je prhfejbl mj el blyhrâl
mj jstls prhpujstls js quj nctjctlc nbphcjr `lbfnhs mjsmj je jxtjrnhr,
`jctrìcmhsj jx`eusnvlbjctj jc eh quj sj phcj h eh quj sj mjal mj phcjr jc
je pelth. Hgrj`jc sheu`nhcjs mjgncntnvls y sjc`neels l uc prhfejbl tlc `hbpejah
`hbh js je mj el rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml, `hc ucl bnrlml buy jstrj`dl y
supjrgn`nle y, phr tlcth, ncjgn`lz l elrih pelzh.
Jc je gjcðbjch mje dlbfrj y mje shfrjpjsh nctjrvnjcjc bu`dâsnbhs gl`thrjs
(mj clturlejzl ijcîtn`l, fnheðin`l, `ueturle, lbfnjctle, sh`nle y, jspj`nlebjctj,
psn`heðin`l) y, phr eh ijcjrle, ehs jxpjrths jc cutrn`nðc `hbplrtjc eh quj l
jeehs pjrshclebjctj ejs dl guc`nhclmh. Pn tu `hcgniurl`nðc mj thmhs jsths
gl`thrjs js plrj`nml l el mje jxpjrth, pujmj quj su bîthmh tj guc`nhcj. _jrh
sn dly ph`l snbnentum jctrj îe y tñ, sus `hcsjahs pujmjc, bìs quj lyumlrtj,
`hcgucmnrtj.
Grlc`lbjctj, sn els mnjtls bnelirhsls guc`nhclrlc, tj dlfrâlc sjrvnmh mj leih
dl`j tnjbph, y ch dlfrâl shfrjpjsh cn hfjsnmlm jc je bucmh. _jrh thmls els
mnjtls prjsjctlc uc jrrhr gltle1 `hctjbpelc je `ujrph mje sjr dublch `hbh uc
lebl`îc jc je quj jctrlc y slejc `lehrâls, snc tjcjr jc `ujctl el `hbpejanmlm
mj els dhrbhcls, els jbh`nhcjs, ehs prh`jshs y ehs bj`lcnsbhs
`hbpjcslthrnhs quj ncgeuyjc l el dhrl mj rjiuelr je pjsh. Hpjrlc flah el
prjbnsl mj quj phmjbhs hfenilrchs l pjrmjr pjsh l trlvîs mj el gujrzl mj
vheuctlm. _jrh jstl prjbnsl ch js `njrtl, phr eh quj `ulequnjr pelctjlbnjcth
lphylmh jc jeel sjrì ncjgn`lz.
Eh rjvheu`nhclrnh mje prhirlbl quj tnjcjs jc tus blchs js quj mjsvâl je
gh`h mj ltjc`nðc mje pelth y eh phcj jc tn, jc je bhmh jc je quj `hbjs, jc tu
bjctj pjcslctj y tu `hrlzðc jbh`nhcle. _hrquj el `hbnml ch js bìs quj
`hbnml, y phr sâ shel, ch jcihrml. ]u ghrbl mj `hbjr sâ. Lfhrml je prhfejbl
mj rlâz, rjjmu`lcmh tu `jrjfrh `hc el prì`tn`l mj sjc`neehs dìfnths mj
lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj (bncmgue jltnci), uc rj`ursh lctnquâsnbh `uyl prì`tn`l
tnjcj bìs mj 6.??? lühs mj lctniõjmlm, mj flal tj`chehiâl y flah `hstj.
Vj`njctjs ncvjstnil`nhcjs dlc mjbhstrlmh su nc`rjâfej jgn`l`nl shfrj ehs
dìfnths lenbjctlrnhs, je `hbjr `hbpuesnvh (`hbh ehs lcthahs y ehs ltrl`hcjs) y
je lubjcth mj el sjcsl`nðc mj `lebl y gjen`nmlm.
Ch js ucl cujvl ghrbl mj mnjtl, phrquj jstì bìs quj mjbhstrlmh quj je
bjmnh plrl pjrmjr pjsh ch js je jsgujrzh cn el eu`dl `hctrl je `ujrph.
@hcsnstj jc uc rlmn`le jctrjclbnjcth mjsmj ucl pjrspj`tnvl bjctj-`ujrph-
jbh`nhcjs, phrquj, `hbh vjrìs, plrl trlcsghrblr je `ujrph prnbjrh tnjcjs
quj trlcsghrblr tu nctjrnhr, le rntbh quj sjl bìs lmj`ulmh plrl tn.
Je enfrh ch sheh lfhrml tu rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml, snch el quj blctnjcjs
`hctnih, `hc je bnjmh y `hc je lbhr1 je bnjmh js je prhpueshr mj tus `hcmu`tls
luthmjstru`tnvls, y je prhpðsnth mj jstj prhirlbl js quj eh rjjbpel`js phr je
lbhr. _hrquj je lbhr js el ñcn`l rj`jtl bnelirhsl quj ml rjsuetlmhs l elrih
pelzh.
Mjstnclrìs bjchs tnjbph y jcjriâl l pjcslr jc el `hbnml y jc tu pjsh, y bìs
tnjbph l mnsgrutlr y l lprj`nlr tu vnml. Jc `hcsj`ujc`nl, tu ghrbl mj
rjel`nhclrtj `hc el `hbnml y `hc tu `ujrph sj trlcsghrblrì. Mjalrìs mj fus`lr
jc el `hbnml `hsls quj jstl cuc`l tj phmrì mlr. Whevjrìs l `hbjr plrl vnvnr,
jc euilr mj vnvnr plrl `hbjr. ^ tu pjsh nmjle prhirjsnvlbjctj sj rjjqunenfrlrì,
mj ghrbl clturle y pjrblcjctj.
Jstj `lbnch ch js plrl thmh
je bucmh. _jrh js je `lbnch
Ehs prhirlbls
tntuelrjs mje tnphmj«@rjl
mjslrrheeh
el vnmlpjrshcle
mj tus chs sujejc
sujühs jc ltrljr `hc «Le`lczl
6< mâls», su`uejcths
el
neubncl`nðc jc 9 plshs», pjrh jstj enfrh ch prhbjtj tlcth. _lrl el irlc
blyhrâl mj bhrtlejs, ehs `lbfnhs snicngn`ltnvhs ch sj prhmu`jc phr ejjr ucls
pìincls y jxtrljr leiucls nmjls nctjrjslctjs. Vjqunjrjc mj uc tnjbph plrl
mnijrnr j nctjirlr sus mnstnctls jtlpls. ^ `hbh tj `hbjctlfl lctjs, el
ncghrbl`nðc js nbphrtlctj, pjrh plrl ijcjrlr `lbfnhs murlmjrhs jc els
`hstubfrjs, jc el blyhrâl mj ehs `lshs ch js sugn`njctj. Pn ch sj l`hbplül mj
prì`tn`l, su utnenmlm js buy js`lsl.
]le vjz jstìs mjsjlcmh quj tj hgrjz`l ucl plstneel bìin`l mj jgj`ths
ncstlctìcjhs, pjrh tj bjctnrâl sn tj prhbjtnjrl quj, `hc sheh ejjr uc rjpjrthrnh
mj rj`jtls, rjshevjrìs thmhs tus prhfejbls. _lrl quj ehs `lbfnhs sj
blctjcilc jc je tnjbph mj ghrbl pjrblcjctj js cj`jslrnh nr bìs leeì mj el
ncghrbl`nðc y ehs prnc`npnhs lfstrl`ths.
Lquâ tjcmrìs quj `urrlr, lprjcmnjcmh l `hbjr y l vnvnr `hcs`njctjbjctj y l
`uetnvlr uc `hch`nbnjcth bìs prhgucmh mj tu prhpnl pjrshcl y mj tus dìfnths.
Jsth js bìs `hbpejah y ejcth quj `jmjr tus mj`nsnhcjs shfrj quî `hbjr,
`uìcmh `hbjr y quî `lctnmlm `hbjr l uc jxpjrth, ucl luthrnmlm jxtjrcl l tn
quj tj mnil quî js eh quj tnjcjs quj dl`jr. _jrh lfrnrì uc `lbnch lctj tn quj
tj pjrbntnrì1
• Mjalr ltrìs je `hbjr phr lcsnjmlm y je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle.
jbh`nhcle. Ch vls l phcjr
plr`djs l tu prhfejbl, vls l `hbprjcmjr phr quî dlstl ldhrl ch dls phmnmh
ijstnhclr tu dlbfrj nc`hctrhelfej, l pjslr mj thmhs tus nctjcths y mj tu
gujrzl mj vheuctlm. Lcnqunelrìs els `lusls bjctlejs y jbh`nhclejs mj el
ihrmurl.
• ]jcjr ucl rjel`nðc <?? % jc plz `hc el `hbnml, `hc tu `ujrph y `hctnih.
Pheh `hbjrìs `ulcmh tjcils dlbfrj gâsn`l. ^ el `hbnml mjalrì mj `hctrhelr tu
vnml y h`uplrì je euilr quj ej `hrrjsphcmj.
• Whevjr l mnsgrutlr `hbnml. Jc vjz mj flslrtj jc el gujrzl mj vheuctlm,
mnsgrutlr mj el `hbnml.
vhevjrìs l `hbjr `hc chrblenmlm, mj ghrbl nctuntnvl, `hbh eh dl`jc els
pjrshcls «mjeilmls phr clturlejzl».
• Pjctnrtj gjenz jc tu pnje. Jstlr l iusth y `ðbhmh `hc eh quj jrjs y `hc tu
`ujrph. Wls l prnhrnzlrtj, l `unmlrtj, l lblrtj y l prhtjijrtj `hbh eh dlrâls
`hc el pjrshcl l el quj bìs lbls mje bucmh.
• Enfjrtlm. Jstj prhirlbl sniuj el gnehshgâl mj el «ch mnjtl». Bn nctjc`nðc ch
js quj tj `hcvnjrtls jc leiunjc quj `hbj «fnjc», nbphcnîcmhtj râinmls
rjiels quj ch pujmjs nc`ubpenr cuc`l albìs. Jsth ch js vnml, cn js
shstjcnfej l elrih pelzh. Jsths pelctjlbnjcths shc mj «cutrn`nðc» y
«mnjtîtn`l», jcghqujs mj el lenbjctl`nðc quj ch sj mjgnjcmjc jc jstj enfrh.
• Vj`upjrlr tu pjsh nmjle. Lpen`lrìs ehs dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj
quj, mj uc bhmh sjc`neeh y prì`tn`h, tj pjrbntnrìc ehirlr tu pjsh nmjle (y
blctjcjreh) plrl snjbprj.
Zc < % le mâl
js uc 07: % le lüh
shfrjstnbl «El blyhrâl
eh quj pujmjmj`hcsjiunr
el ijctj
jc uc lüh y sufjstnbl eh quj pujmj
`hcsjiunr jc mnjz».
Fnee Iltjs
]j pnmh quj ch tj thbjs jstj prhirlbl `hbh ucl `lrrjrl mj vjeh`nmlm y quj
tj snjctls enfrj mj lcmlr je `lbnch le rntbh y `hc el nctjcsnmlm quj tñ mj`nmls.
Jstj enfrh dl snmh `hc`jfnmh plrl eejvlrsj l `lfh mj ghrbl irlmule y
prhirjsnvl plrl quj, `hbh je fujc iunslmh, sj vlyl `h`njcmh jc tu nctjrnhr
pluslmlbjctj, bnjctrls slfhrjls, mninjrjs y mnsgrutls je prh`jsh l `lml plsh.
_hrquj bìs quj uc rjbjmnh rìpnmh quj rjqunjrj gujrzl mj vheuctlm murlctj
uc tnjbph (plrl eujih lflcmhclreh y rjirjslr le jstlmh ncn`nle), sj trltl bìs
fnjc mj quj trlcsghrbjs tu bhmh mj vnvnr. ^ rj`ujrml1 uc < % `lml mâl js uc
07: % le `lfh mje lüh.
<
Dlztj prjiuctls
¸Jstj prhirlbl js plrl tn8
@hbh tj `hbjctlfl, jstj enfrh ch js plrl thmh je bucmh. Ejj els sniunjctjs
lgnrbl`nhcjs y blr`l els quj rjgejajc bjahr tu sntul`nðc rjspj`th l tu rjel`nðc
`hc el `hbnml y `hc tu `ujrph.
Zsls el `hbnml phr rlzhcjs jbh`nhclejs. @hbjs bìs `ulcmh tj snjctjs
trnstj, lfurrnmh, sheh h plrl `leblr je jstrîs y el lcsnjmlm `htnmnlchs.
`hbnml.. Jspj`nlebjctj phr el tlrmj
Pnjctjs quj pnjrmjs je `hctrhe lctj el `hbnml
h phr el ch`dj.
_lsls mje `hctrhe le mjs`hctrhe. Jc ehs jpnshmnhs mj mjs`hctrhe, tnjcmjs l
`hbjr lenbjcths rn`hs jc irlsl, sle h lzñ`lr.
Pnjctjs `uepl, lrrjpjctnbnjcth y grustrl`nðc. Je mâl mjspuîs mj «dl`jreh
ble», tj `lstnils snc `hbjr phrquj tj snjctjs `ueplfej. _jrh vujevjs l `ljr
jc el tjctl`nðc y eujih snjctjs lñc bìs `ueplfnenmlm.
vheuctlm , phrquj ch dls ehirlmh pjrmjr pjsh
@rjjs quj tj gletl gujrzl mj vheuctlm,
y `ulcmh eh dls `hcsjiunmh, ch eh dls blctjcnmh.
nc`hcs`njctjbjctj. @hbjs mj ghrbl jbh`nhcle, `hc lcsnjmlm,
@hbjs nc`hcs`njctjbjctj.
tnjcjs lcthahs rjpjctnchs y lmn``nðc l `njrths lenbjcths.
]u cnvje mj jcjriâl js flah y snjctjs mjfnenmlm.
rjsuetlmhs . Lucquj
]njcjs el jspjrlczl mj quj el prðxnbl mnjtl tj mlrì rjsuetlmhs.
`lsn thmhs tus nctjcths mj dl`jr mnjtl dlc grl`lslmh, sujejs tjcjr el
`hcvn``nðc mj quj je prðxnbh cujvh bîthmh sjrì el sheu`nðc mjgncntnvl.
`ujrph . Ch tj iustl je `ujrph quj vjs jc je
Ch tj snjctjs l iusth `hc tu `ujrph.
jspjah, eh usls `hbh gh`h mj luthmjsprj`nh.
rjbjmnh. ^ quj tjcjr ucl vnml sleumlfej y ch
Pnjctjs quj tu `lsh ch tnjcj rjbjmnh.
`hbjr mj ghrbl jbh`nhcle ch vl `hctnih.
]j dls `lcslmh mj eu`dlr y qunjrjs prhflr uc `lbnch mngjrjctj.
Pn dls rjsphcmnmh lgnrbltnvlbjctj l `nc`h h bìs mj ehs pucths lctjrnhrjs
(jspj`nlebjctj je ñetnbh), tj mhy el fnjcvjcnml le prhirlbl bìs jgn`lz
ilrlctnzlmh plrl slclr tu rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml, `hc tu `ujrph y `hctnih.
¸Pjiunbhs8
¸_lrl quî qunjrjs dl`jr jstj prhirlbl8
¸_lrl quî ejjs jstj enfrh8 (Gâaltj quj ch tj prjiucth je «phrquî», pujs jstj
fus`l austngn`l`nhcjs, `ueplfnenmlmjs, `hcstru`ths rl`nhclejs. Je «plrl quî», jc
`lbfnh, lpuctl l tus vlehrjs y l el gnclenmlm mj tu `hbphrtlbnjcth). Bu`dhs
mj bns leubchs eejilc phr prnbjrl vjz l bns `urshs `hc ucl vlil nmjl mj quj
qunjrjc
phcjrsj pjrmjr pjsh,
jc ghrbl. _jrhmjalr mj `hbjr
ch tnjcjc phr
`elrl el lcsnjmlmfìsn`l
bhtnvl`nðc h mj ghrbl
phr el jbh`nhcle
quj qunjrjch
jbprjcmjr jstj `lbfnh. Pn ch tnjcjs fnjc mjgncnmls tus bhtnvl`nhcjs y ch
slfjs plrl quî dl`js eh quj dl`js, mngâ`nebjctj phmrìs blctjcjr jc je
tnjbph ehs `lbfnhs quj mjsjls rjlenzlr. _hrquj tj ltls`lrìs lctj je bìs
âcgnbh hfstì`ueh, h tj slfhtjlrìs nc`eush lctjs mj dlfjr jbpjzlmh je prh`jsh
mj trlcsghrbl`nðc.
Lsâ quj, `hbh dlih `hc bns leubchs, tj ncvnth l quj tj thbjs uc tnjbph plrl
rjgejxnhclr shfrj je «plrl quî» vls l sjiunr jstj prhirlbl y quî js eh quj tj
iustlrâl hftjcjr mj îe.
¸@hc quî gnclenmlm qunjrjs dl`jr jstj prhirlbl8 ¸\uî jspjrls eejvlrtj mj
îe8 ¸]le vjz mjsjls `lbfnlr tu `ujrph8 ¸\unzì qunjrjs pjrmjr pjsh8 ¸_hr quî
rlzhcjs8 ¸_hrquj leiunjc tj dl pjmnmh quj pnjrmls pjsh8 ¸_lrl iustlr l tu
plrjal8 ¸_hr sleum8 ¸_hrquj ch tj snjctjs l iusth `hc tu lspj`th8 ¸]le vjz
phrquj ucl lbnil dl pjrmnmh pjsh8 ¸H phrquj vls l ucl fhml mjctrh mj trjs
bjsjs8 ¸H snbpejbjctj qunjrjs bjahrlr tus dìfnths lenbjctlrnhs y tu rjel`nðc
`hc el `hbnml8
Js`rnfj `uìe js tu hfajtnvh mj el ghrbl bìs `hc`rjtl y mjtleelml phsnfej.
Bn «plrl quî» js1
Jc `lsh mj quj tu hfajtnvh sjl pjrmjr pjsh, tj pnmh quj ch jcghqujs jstj
enfrh `hbh uc bîthmh plrl lmjeilzlr, phrquj mj sjr lsâ tu mjsjh plrtnrâl mje
sl`rngn`nh, mj el hfenil`nðc, mj el rjprjsnðc y mje `hctrhe. Jbpjzlrâlbhs l tlplr
y l cjilr eh quj dly, nc`urrnjcmh jc eh quj yh eelbh «bjctlenmlm mnjtl <». ^
jstj prhirlbl ”cn cnciñc htrh” ch tj guc`nhclrì, phrquj snjbprj quj dlyl
`hctrhe, tlrmj h tjbprlch, dlfrì mjs`hctrhe. Puphcih quj yl eh dls
jxpjrnbjctlmh lctjs.
L eh elrih mje enfrh mjs`ufrnrìs quj je `hbjr ch js ucl rjel`nðc flslml cn jc
je jsgujrzh, cn jc je `hctrhe, cn jc el gujrzl mj vheuctlm. Jsth js eu`dl. ^ je
`ujrph ch pujmj jstlr jc eu`dl pjrblcjctjbjctj. ¸\unjrjs sjiunr `hc jstl
eu`dl, `hctnculr
lflcmhclrtj8 sletlcmh lvjrniulr
¸H prjgnjrjs mj mnjtlphr
jcquî mnjtl, `hctrheìcmhtj
ch tnjcjs plrl
ucl rjel`nðc <??eujih
% jc
plz `hc el `hbnml y lprjcmjr l `hbjr «chrblebjctj», mj ghrbl nctuntnvl8 Pn
dls jejinmh el sjiucml hp`nðc, jstìs jc je euilr lmj`ulmh.
_lrl tn, ¸el `hbnml js ucl lbnil h ucl jcjbnil8 ¸Dls jstlmh jc eu`dl `hc
jeel mjsmj el ncglc`nl8 ¸]njcjs bnjmhs `hc rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml h `hc tu
`ujrph8
sjiñc eh ¸Mnsgrutls
quj tj pnmjmjjeel`ujrph
`hbnml h tj
h jc rjsnstjs
guc`nðc mjeljgj`th
jeel8 ¸Jenijs ehs lenbjcths
quj tjcmrìc shfrj tu
pjsh8 ¸El `hbnml tj mhbncl8 ¸]njcjs lcsnjmlm phr `hbjr8 ¸_jr`nfjs el
`hbnml `hbh uc pel`jr h `hbh uc snbpej `hbfustnfej plrl shfrjvnvnr8 ¸\uî
chtl ej phcmrâls l tu rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml8
Jstls prjiuctls tnjcjc je prhpðsnth mj quj thbjs `hc`njc`nl mj ghrbl
dhcjstl mj tu pucth mj plrtnml, mj mðcmj jstìs ldhrl, snc jcilülrtj pjrh
tlbph`h snc auzilrtj.
_uctñlel mje ? le <?, snjcmh ? ucl rjel`nðc buy cjiltnvl y <? uc fujc
jctjcmnbnjcth `hc el `hbnml y `hc tu `ujrph, dly `hcgnlczl pejcl, rjspjth y
clmnj mhbncl l clmnj.
Dhy, mâl XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX puctñh bn rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml `hc uc
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Wnsntl www.dlbfrjmjlbhr.`hb plrl rjlenzlr uc `ujstnhclrnh irltunth mj luthjvleul`nðc
quj tj lyumlrì l thblr `hcs`njc`nl mj tu pucth mj plrtnml
(vjr ncstru``nhcjs jc el pìincl 6<).
< _hr jajbpeh, sn mjsjls pjrmjr pjsh rìpnmlbjctj, phrquj sj l`jr`l el hpjrl`nðc fnkncn,
phrquj tnjcjs ucl fhml, h phrquj ch pujmjs shphrtlr tu `ujrph, jstìs jc bjctlenmlm mnjtl.
Bìs lmjelctj eh lclenzlrjbhs jc prhgucmnmlm.
6
Guebnclcmh bnths
«Js bìs gì`ne mjsnctjirlr uc ìthbh quj uc prjaun`nh».
Lefjrt Jncstjnc
Je bjtlfhensbh
«Ch ehirh flalr mj pjsh phrquj bn bjtlfhensbh js ejcth». ]le vjz dls
js`u`dlmh l leiunjc lgnrblr jsth h nc`eush tj eh lpen`ls l tn. Je bjtlfhensbh js
je jc`lrilmh mj trlcsghrblr el jcjriâl mj ehs lenbjcths quj ncijrnbhs jc
`hbfustnfej, plrl quj cujstrh `ujrph pujml rjlenzlr thmls sus guc`nhcjs,
mjsmj bhvjrsj, pjcslr y laustlr su tjbpjrlturl, dlstl je `rj`nbnjcth mj els
uüls. Mj`nbhs quj tjcjbhs uc bjtlfhensbh rìpnmh `ulcmh el vjeh`nmlm l el
quj cujstrh `ujrph prhmu`j jcjriâl js vjehz. ^ tlbfnîc `ulcmh el vjeh`nmlm
l el quj qujbl `lehrâls js rìpnml. Jstl vjeh`nmlm sj mjchbncl tlsl mj
bjtlfhensbh flsle.
El `njc`nl dl mjbhstrlmh quj el tlsl mj bjtlfhensbh flsle ch js gnal y quj
vl `lbfnlcmh jc guc`nðc mj cujstrl ghrbl mj `hbjr y mj bhvjrchs. _hr
jajbpeh, `ulcmh chs gletlc `lehrâls mj blcjrl `hctnculml, cujstrl tlsl mj
bjtlfhensbh mnsbncuyj, phrquj je hrilcnsbh pjr`nfj quj dly js`lsjz
mj `hbnml y cj`jsntl lprhvj`dlr y `hcsjrvlr sus js`lsls rjsjrvls mj jcjriâl.
Jstl rlejctnzl`nðc mje hrilcnsbh prhmu`j ucl sjcsl`nðc mj lejtlrilbnjcth, sj
snjctj pjrjzl, gltnil, uc ph`h mj mjprjsnðc y js`lsh h cnciñc nctjrîs phr el
l`tnvnmlm gâsn`l. Jc ehs `lshs jxtrjbhs jc quj ch sj ncinjrj sugn`njctj `hbnml,
`hbh jc je mj el lchrjxnl cjrvnhsl, jc els buajrjs el mnsbncu`nðc bjtlfðen`l
pujmj prhmu`nr el mjslplrn`nðc mj el bjcstrul`nðc. ]j pnmh quj mjajs mj
`ueplr l tu bjtlfhensbh mj tus prhfejbls. Eh rlejctnzls tñ l trlvîs mj el
rjstrn``nðc `leðrn`l.
El ijcîtn`l
«Bn prhfejbl mj pjsh js ijcîtn`h, thmhs ehs bnjbfrhs mj el glbnenl jstlbhs
ihrmhs». @njrtlbjctj, l leiucls pjrshcls ejs rjsuetl buy mngâ`ne pjrmjr pjsh y
l htrls ejs `ujstl bu`dh trlflah ilclreh. Js `njrth quj ucls glbnenls shc mj
`hcstntu`nðc irlcmj y gujrtj, y htrls mj clturlejzl bìs mjen`lml (lucquj sn tj
mjtnjcjs l hfsjrvlr l thmhs ehs bnjbfrhs mj ucl bnsbl glbnenl, l bjcumh ch
thmhs tnjcjc el bnsbl `hbpejxnðc). Pnc muml, ch pujmjs bhmngn`lr el lc`durl
mj tus dujshs cn el jstru`turl fìsn`l mj tu `ujrph. _jrh el `njc`nl lñc ch dl
phmnmh lgnrblr
hfjsnmlm. quj je
Lmjbìs, `ðmnih
`rjjr qujijcîtn`h
el ñcn`l sjl el `lusl
`lusl mj tumnrj`tl mje shfrjpjsh
shfrjpjsh h el
js el ijcîtn`l
nbpnmj `ulequnjr phsnfnenmlm mj `lbfnh. Jc jstj enfrh lprjcmjrìs l l`jptlr tu
clturlejzl y `hcstntu`nðc, plrl jcthc`js jstlr jc `hcmn`nhcjs mj ehirlr tu
prhpnh pjsh nmjle.
El fìs`uel
El fìs`uel sj `jctrl jc uc sheh lspj`th mj tu `ujrph y ch tnjcj jc `ujctl
thmhs ehs `hbphcjctjs quj `hcstntuyjc tu pjsh `hrphrle (`hbh el blsl
bus`uelr, el mj ehs dujshs h el ncijstl mj liul). Je bñs`ueh pjsl 0 vj`js bìs
quj el irlsl; phr jstl rlzðc `ulcmh dl`js mjphrtj y trlcsghrbls el irlsl jc
bñs`ueh, ch jctnjcmjs phr quî el fìs`uel ncmn`l quj pjsls bìs.
Je pjsh nmjle
¸@ðbh tj snjctjs `hc tu `ujrph8 ¸@ðbh tj dl`j sjctnr8 ¸\uî pnjcsls y
snjctjs rjspj`th le pjsh nmjle8 Jc jstj enfrh l bjcumh dlih rjgjrjc`nl le
`hc`jpth mj pjsh nmjle y bj iustlrâl l`elrlr quj `hc îe ch bj rjgnjrh le pjsh
y el tleel mj els bhmjehs lchrîxn`ls y rjth`lmls `hc _dhthsdhp quj lplrj`jc
jc els rjvnstls. ]lbph`h jsthy dlfelcmh mj «pjsh sleumlfej», pujs jstlr
mjeilmh ch tnjcj phr quî sjr ncmn`lmhr mj sleum (¸tj plrj`jc sleumlfejs els
bhmjehs jsqujeîtn`ls8). Mj dj`dh, jxnstjc htrhs bjmnhs bu`dh bìs gnlfejs mj
jvleulr tu jstlmh mj sleum. _rjiñctltj1
¸@ðbh jsthy mj jcjriâl8 ¸@ðbh bj snjcth jc bn pnje8 ¸Bn bjctj jstì ìine8
¸Mjs`lcsh fnjc murlctj el ch`dj8 ¸Bn jstlmh mj ìcnbh js jstlfej h geu`tñl l
bjcumh8 ¸Bj `ujstl bhvjrbj8 ¸Bn `ujrph sj lmlptl le jstneh mj vnml quj
eejvh8
Je mh`thr Mjjplk @dhprl, jc su enfrh ¸Mj quî tnjcjs dlbfrj8, mjgncj je pjsh nmjle
`hbh «je jstlmh bìs clturle jc quj pujmjs jstlr». ^ jstj ch tj eh pujmjc
mn`tlr els bhmjehs, cn els fìs`uels, cn snqunjrl ehs jxpjrths. L tn tj `hrrjsphcmj
mjs`ufrnr tu pjsh nmjle, je pjsh h el gniurl `hrphrle bìs lmj`ulml plrl tn, `hc
el quj tj snjctjs l iusth y `hc sleum.
0
El `lusl cñbjrh < mje dlbfrj
jbh`nhcle y mje shfrjpjsh
✐ Jc jstj `lpâtueh `hbprjcmjrìs els `elvjs mj phr quî `lml vjz quj dls
nctjctlmh dl`jr mnjtl, sheh le prnc`npnh dls phmnmh ehirlr rjsuetlmhs, pjrh l
bjmnh pelzh dls grl`lslmh.
¸Plfjs quî lebl`jclc ehs `lbjeehs jc sus ahrhfls8 L`ubuelc irlsl, phrquj
ch slfjc `uìcth tnjbph vl l plslr dlstl el sniunjctj `hbnml. L ehs sjrjs
dublchs chs h`urrj eh bnsbh, `ulcmh chs hfenilbhs l plslr dlbfrj, ch
`hbnjcmh `ulcmh sjctnbhs dlbfrj, cujstrh `ujrph lebl`jcl irlsl.
@hbplrtnbhs je >: % mj ehs ijcjs mje prnbjr Dhbh slpnjcs slpnjcs, phr eh quj
prì`tn`lbjctj cujstrh `ujrph ch dl `lbfnlmh clml mjsmj dl`j <:?.??? lühs.
¸@ðbh jrl el ghrbl mj `hbjr mj cujstrhs lc`jstrhs8 @lzlflc y sj mlflc
ltrl`hcjs phrquj dlfâl js`lsjz mj lenbjcths. Murlctj ehs pjrnhmhs mj
dlbfrucl, jc el plrtj bìs prnbntnvl mj cujstrh `jrjfrh sj ijcjrð eh quj je
mh`thr ^hsdnchrn Cliubh flutnzð `hbh «ijc ldhrrh», `uyl guc`nðc `hcsnstâl jc
nbpueslrchs l mlrchs uc ltrl`ðc `ulcmh `hcsjiuâlbhs `hbnml y gl`nentlrchs el
`hcsjrvl`nðc mj els rjsjrvls mj jcjriâl, phrquj prhflfejbjctj le mâl
sniunjctj ch tjcmrâlbhs tlctl sujrtj jc el `lzl h jc el rj`hej``nðc mj
lenbjcths. Lsâ, murlctj ehs ncvnjrchs lc`jstrlejs y ehs pjrnhmhs mj dlbfrucl,
je hrilcnsbh phmâl mnsphcjr mj rjsjrvls mj jcjriâl.
Je sjr dublch dl jvheu`nhclmh l gujrzl mj jvntlr rjstrn``nhcjs; el rjstrn``nðc
yl jrl je `hctjxth, phrquj ch dlfâl mnsphcnfnenmlm mj `hbnml l mjblcml, phr
eh quj cujstrh `jrjfrh jstlfl prhirlblmh plrl `hbjr `ulcth bìs bjahr, l gnc
mj phmjr shfrjvnvnr. Lucquj dlylc trlcs`urrnmh bnejs mj lühs,
jvheutnvlbjctj dl`j tlc sheh uchs bncuths mj thmh lqujeeh, y cujstrh `jrjfrh
y bjtlfhensbh sniujc eu`dlcmh `ulcmh el `hbnml js`lsjl. Mj bhmh quj, le
nbpjmnrchs je l``jsh l el `hbnml l trlvîs mj els mnjtls, cujstrh `jrjfrh
mjtj`tl quj ch jstlbhs ncinrnjcmh sugn`njctj `hbnml, pjrh ch mnstnciuj sn jstì
sugrnjcmh dlbfrucl h sn jstì shbjtnmh l el ñetnbl mnjtl mj bhml. Je `ujrph
pjr`nfj js`lsjz mj lenbjcths y l`tnvl je bhmh mj supjrvnvjc`nl, `hc eh quj
phcj jc blr`dl je prh`jsh mj rjsjrvl mj irlsl jc sus `îeuels, phr sn jstl
supujstl dlbfrucl sj lelril.
Jcthc`js je `ujrph, quj js buy j`hchbnzlmhr, mnsbncuyj el tlsl mj
bjtlfhensbh flsle y jbpnjzl l gnetrlr dlstl je ñetnbh irlbh mj `lehrâls mj
`ulequnjr lenbjcth quj ncinrlbhs, rlzðc quj jxpen`l quj, `ulcmh eejvlbhs uc
tnjbph l mnjtl, je pjsh sj jstlcquj.
¸Jsthy ncsnculcmh quj el `lusl c± < mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle y mje shfrjpjsh
shc els mnjtls8 El rjspujstl js rhtucml, sjc`neel y `elrl1 sâ. Els mnjtls l`tnvlc
je bj`lcnsbh mje ijc ldhrrh, phr je `ule jc tu `ujrph sj mlc ucl sjrnj mj
`lbfnhs dhrbhclejs y quâbn`hs quj lsjiurlrìc quj snils l`ubuelcmh irlsl.
_hr purl supjrvnvjc`nl. Jsths `lbfnhs quâbn`hs y dhrbhclejs dl`jc quj tu
`ujrph tjcil dlbfrj, quj snjctls lcthahs y quj `hcsubls bìs `lehrâls.
Lmjbìs, `hbh djbhs vnsth, je bjtlfhensbh sj dl`j bìs ejcth (qujbl bjchs
`lehrâls) y tu `ujrph lebl`jcl thmh eh quj pujmj jc tus `îeuels lmnphsls.
Ch jstlbhs dj`dhs plrl sjiunr mnjtls. Pn dly `hbnml, vlbhs l qujrjr `hbjr,
phrquj je ijc ldhrrh chs dl`j `rjjr quj chs vlbhs l bhrnr sn ch chs eh
`hbjbhs thmh. @ulcmh tjcjbhs `hbnml l cujstrh le`lc`j, je ijc ldhrrh
sniuj susurrìcmhchs1 «@hbîtjeh thmh ldhrl phrquj vjtj l slfjr tñ `uìcmh
phmrìs `hbjr mj cujvh». _jrh je ncvnjrch yl ch vnjcj l`hbplülmh mj
js`lsjz, y ehs Dhbh slpnjcs slpnjcs tjcjbhs rjsjrvls y mnsphcnfnenmlm mj `hbnml
els 6= dhrls.
Lghrtuclmlbjctj, ch tjcjbhs phr quî vnvnr js`elvnzlmhs phr jstl plrtj
prnbntnvl j ncstnctnvl mj cujstrh `jrjfrh, pujs tlbfnîc mnsphcjbhs mj htrl
plrtj bìs `hcs`njctj y sjcsltl quj chs pjrbntj jejinr y sjrjclr ehs nbpueshs
ncstnctnvhs, jc fjcjgn`nh mj cujstrhs hfajtnvhs l elrih pelzh. @hc el prì`tn`l
mje bncmguecjss lprjcmjbhs l jmu`lr jsl plrtj `lvjrcâ`hel, jcsjüìcmhej quj
ch chs vlbhs l bhrnr sn ch lrrlslbhs `hc thmh.
El vjrmlm shfrj els mnjtls
«Vjcuc`nlr l els mnjtls plrl snjbprj guj eh bìs irlcmj
y enfjrlmhr quj dj dj`dh cuc`l».
Ahc Ilfrnje
@rjlmhr mje snstjbl plrl pjrmjr pjsh Je Bîthmh Ilfrnje
Dhcjstlbjctj, ¸`uìe dl snmh tu jxpjrnjc`nl rjle `hc els mnjtls8 ¸]j dlc
guc`nhclmh jc je plslmh8 Ch tj flsjs jc eh quj mn`j tu bjctj, cn pnjcsjs
ñcn`lbjctj jc je sufnmðc ncn`nle quj tj ml je vjr quj pnjrmjs pjsh y quj
`ubpejs els plutls l rlaltlfel. Eejvl el ltjc`nðc l tu jxpjrnjc`nl `hbpejtl.
¸]j dlc lyumlmh l `unmlrtj dlstl ldhrl8 ¸]j dlc pjrbntnmh pjrmjr pjsh mj
ghrbl shstjcnml jc je tnjbph6 y snc hfsjsnhcjs `hc el `hbnml8
Dlz ucl enstl mj thmls els mnjtls quj dls dj`dh y pnjcsl jc `uìctls tj dlc
pjrbntnmh le`lczlr tu pjsh nmjle y blctjcjreh.
¸Dls phmnmh vjrngn`lr, ltjcmnjcmh l tu jxpjrnjc`nl, quj els mnjtls ch
guc`nhclc8 Js buy nbphrtlctj quj lsubls jstl vjrmlm ”quj mj tlc hfvnl l
bjcumh js nichrlml”, pujs js je prnbjr plsh plrl trlcsghrblr tu rjel`nðc
`hc el `hbnml y `hc tu `ujrph.
Bìs
js jebhtnvhs phr ehsl`hcsjalfej
`lbnch bjchs quj shbjtjrtj l mnjtl
Els mnjtls sujejc `hctjbpelr je `ujrph mje sjr dublch `hbh uc lebl`îc
jc je quj jctrlc y slejc `lehrâls, snc tjcjr jc `ujctl el `hbpejanmlm mj
prh`jshs y bj`lcnsbhs quj ncgeuyjc l el dhrl mj rjiuelr je pjsh. Pn je
`ujrph guc`nhclrl mj ghrbl tlc snbpej, ch dlfrâl shfrjpjsh cn hfjsnmlm jc
je bucmh.
@ulequnjr mnjtl nbphcj je dlbfrj ncvlrnlfejbjctj.
El blyhrâl mj mnjtls pj`l mj gletl mj rjlensbh, phr el mngn`uetlm mj
sjiunrels `hctnculmlbjctj, eh `ule lubjctl je sugrnbnjcth mj qunjc els
sniuj
@rjlcmjsmj je pucth mj
ucl hfsjsnðc `hcvnstl
ehs bjctle, gâsn`h
rjsuetlmhs y jbh`nhcle.
prhbjtnmhs plrl je guturh, y dl`jc
hevnmlr je ldhrl1 «Lbìriltj el vnml dhy plrl sjr gjenz blülcl». Jsth ch js
vnml.
]j lejalc mje mnsgrutj mj `hbjr.
]j `hcvnjrtjc jc lctnsh`nle, pujs `ulcmh tnjcjs `hbnmls gujrl h tus lbnihs
tj ncvntlc l su `lsl l `hbjr, ch pujmjs `hbplrtnr jsls jxpjrnjc`nls, phrquj
ehs pelths ch sjrìc ehs bìs lprhpnlmhs plrl tu pelc.
Ncmu`jc ucl vnml nc`hcs`njctj1 tj prnvlc mj eh quj je `ujrph tj pnmj y
l`lfls pjrmnjcmh el `lpl`nmlm mj mj`hmngn`lr ehs bjcslajs `hrphrlejs.
L `lusl mje pucth lctjrnhr, els mnjtls mjbujejc els mjen`lmls `hcjxnhcjs
jctrj el bjctj y je `ujrph.
_hr thmhs jsths bhtnvhs y htrhs quj nrjbhs vnjcmh bìs lmjelctj, js
nbprjs`ncmnfej quj, le bjchs bnjctrls murj jstj prhirlbl, lflcmhcjs
`ulequnjr mnjtl h tjhrâl quj tjcils shfrj cutrn`nðc. Mj eh `hctrlrnh, tu ijc
ldhrrh slfhtjlrì tus jsgujrzhs, phrquj rj`ujrml1 îe ch mnstnciuj sn sugrjs ehs
jgj`ths mj ucl dlbfrucl h sn jstìs sniunjcmh ucl mnjtl bnelirhsl.
Pî quj js uc l`th mj gj0 pjrh pnîcsleh1 ¸quî js eh pjhr quj pujmj plslr8
Zcl vjz dlyls jxpjrnbjctlmh ehs rjsuetlmhs mj el ghrbl mj rjel`nhclrtj `hc el
`hbnml quj tj vhy l jcsjülr, sjrìs enfrj mj vhevjr l tus lctniuls `hstubfrjs
lenbjctlrnls.
Je sjmjctlrnsbh
Htrh lspj`th quj ncgeuyj `elrlbjctj jc je shfrjpjsh y el hfjsnmlm js quj
mjsmj dl`j uchs <?? lühs djbhs nmh mjalcmh mj bhvjrchs mj ghrbl mnlrnl y
rutnclrnl, dlstl `hcvjrtnrchs jc ucl jspj`nj buy sjmjctlrnl. Pn pjcslbhs jc
quî dl`âlc cujstrhs lc`jstrhs plrl `hcsjiunr el `jcl, phmjbhs nblinclrehs
ncvnrtnjcmh irlc `lctnmlm mj jcjriâl `lzlcmh, mlcmh elrils `lbncltls plrl
rj`hej`tlr gruths, sjbneels y flyls. Lucquj lebl`jclrlc el jcjriâl jxtrl plrl
guturls dlbfrucls, sj luthrrjiuelflc bhvnîcmhsj l mnlrnh.
_jrh dhy, ¸quî tjcjbhs quj dl`jr plrl `hcsjiunr `hbnml8 Eh bìs plrj`nmh l
el rj`hej``nðc mj cujstrhs lctjplslmhs js nr le sñpjr y sufnr phr els js`lejrls
bj`ìcn`ls h phr je ls`jcshr.
Cujstrh ilsth jcjriîtn`h plrl `hcsjiunr `hbnml js `jr`lch l ?. _jrh cujstrh
ijchbl sniuj prhirlblmh plrl bhvjrsj, pujs ch dl `lbfnlmh tlc rìpnmh
`hbh cujstrh jstneh mj vnml bhmjrch. Jvheutnvlbjctj cujstrh `ujrph
cj`jsntl mj uc bhmh clturle je jajr`n`nh gâsn`h, phrquj sjiunbhs jstlcmh
mnsjülmhs plrl lcmlr, `hrrjr, ejvlctlr pnjmrls y `lzlr.
«Ch mjalbhs mj dl`jr jajr`n`nh phrquj jcvjaj`jbhs,
jcvjaj`jbhs phrquj mjalbhs mj dl`jr jajr`n`nh».
Kjccjtd @hhpjr
Mh`thr jc Bjmn`ncl, pnhcjrh jc ehs fjcjgn`nhs
mje jajr`n`nh ljrðfn`h
el rjstrn``nðc…
Pjiurlbjctj ¸tj prhmu`j
nctjrclbjctj sjcsl`nhcjs `hbh
eh jxpjrnbjctls lirlmlfejs h mjslirlmlfejs8
leih mjslirlmlfej, eh `ule
prhvh`l jstrîs. ^ je jstrîs dl`j quj je hrilcnsbh sjirjiuj lmrjclencl y
`hrtnshe, plrl eu`dlr h dunr mj ucl lbjclzl. El prjsjc`nl `hctnculml mj jstls
dhrbhcls jc je hrilcnsbh, phr sâ shel, jcihrml=. ^ el `hcsj`ujc`nl mj jstls
dhrbhcls js el lcsnjmlm. ¸^ `ðbh shejbhs nctjctlr `leblr el lcsnjmlm8 L
bjcumh, `hc el `hbnml.
Mj bhmh quj el supujstl sheu`nðc ”el mnjtl” rjsuetl quj js je prhfejbl. ^
eh quj js je prhfejbl cuc`l pujmj sjr el sheu`nðc. Bu`dls vj`js `rjjbhs
quj `hbjbhs jbh`nhclebjctj phrquj tjcjbhs lcthahs, pjrh jc el blyhrâl
mj ehs `lshs js `hbh `hcsj`ujc`nl mj el bjctlenmlm mnjtl, mj thmls jsls
prhdnfn`nhcjs
dl`jbhs shfrjyjshsthmhs jshs mjfjrjs
lenbjcths, quj chs nbphcjbhs.
tlrmj h tjbprlch, chs `hcmu`j Je `hctrhe quj
le mjs`hctrhe.
^ `ulcmh
` ulcmh rrhbpjs
hbpjs jsl
j sl eâcjl, pnjcsls1 «@hbh yl eh dj dj`dh ble, lprhvj`dh y
bj eh `hbh thmh». ^ ¸`ðbh tj snjctjs mjspuîs mj jsj jx`jsh8 ¸\uî jbh`nðc
surij8
Jxl`th, el `uepl. «Dj bjtnmh el pltl htrl vjz», «Phy eh pjhr, ch shy `lplz mj
`hbjr sheh uc ph`h y plrlr». El `uepl, niule quj el prhdnfn`nðc ijcjrl mj
cujvh blejstlr y jstrîs, quj enfjrl bìs lmrjclencl y `hrtnshe jc tu `ujrph. ^
vujevjs l nctjctlr `leblr jsl lcsnjmlm l trlvîs mj el `hbnml.
]j prjiucth cujvlbjctj1 ¸js jstj `âr`ueh vn`nhsh `hbjr jbh`nhclebjctj8
Vhtucmlbjctj ch. Js ucl `hcsj`ujc`nl mj el bjctlenmlm mnjtl.
El prnvl`nðc mj lenbjcths quj nbpen`lc els mnjtls mhtl l el `hbnml prhdnfnml
mj ucl ltrl``nðc jspj`nle. Je `hctrhe ijcjrl lcsnjmlm, quj chs eejvl le
mjs`hctrhe. L jsth jrrðcjlbjctj eh eelblbhs lenbjctl`nðc jbh`nhcle, pjrh
rjlebjctj js `hcsj`ujc`nl mj el bjctlenmlm mnjtl. Jc vjz mj prnvlrtj y eujih
ltnfhrrlrtj mj plc, ¸ch sjrâl bìs nctjenijctj l`jptlr quj tj iustl je plc j
nctrhmu`nreh jc tu lenbjctl`nðc mj ucl ghrbl bìs `hcstru`tnvl, jc euilr mj
prhdnfârtjeh y mj eu`dlr `hctrl jsl rjstrn``nðc8
Htrls `lusls
Lmjbìs mj el prnvl`nðc, je hrnijc mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle pujmj sjr leiucl
`lrjc`nl1 ch mlrchs eh quj cj`jsntlbhs jc je lspj`th gâsn`h, bjctle, jbh`nhcle
h jcjriîtn`h.
Els `lehrâls shc el jcjriâl quj chs lphrtl uc lenbjcth y ehs cutrnjctjs shc els
Pn qunjrjs
@hbh mjalrvnsth,
yl djbhs ltrìs els
ehsmnjtls
lcthahs, cj`jsntls
l`tnvlc enfjrlrtj
je ijc ldhrrh, mj el bjctlenmlm
phrquj mnjtl.
jsl bjctlenmlm
`rjj quj tj jc`ujctrls jc ucl dlbfrucl. Jstj bj`lcnsbh dl`j quj tu lpjtnth
lubjctj, quj mjsjjs ehs lenbjcths quj tj prhdâfjs l`tnvlbjctj y quj sj
rlejctn`j tu bjtlfhensbh. Lmjbìs, phr bu`dh quj rjstrncals, snjbprj
tjcmjrìs le jqunenfrnh mj tu pjsh prhirlblmh.
]j eh jxpen`h l `hctncul`nðc.
¸Leiucl vjz dls jstlmh `hcmu`njcmh dl`nl uc mjstnch, y le eejilr tj dls mlmh
`ujctl mj quj ch dls snmh `hcs`njctj mje `lbnch quj dls dj`dh8 ¸]j dls
shrprjcmnmh `hc jstlr ejyjcmh uc enfrh y ch dlfjrtj jctjrlmh mj clml mj eh
quj dls ejâmh jc els ñetnbls trjs pìincls, phrquj mjlbfuelfls jc tus
pjcslbnjcths8
Pn slfjs `hcmu`nr h lcmlr jc fn`n`ejtl, rj`ujrml `ðbh eh dl`âls le prnc`npnh.
_rjstlfls thmlprì`tn`lbjctj
tlrjl plrj`âl el ltjc`nðc, `hc ehs `nc`h _h`h
nbphsnfej. sjctnmhs nbpen`lmhs.
l ph`h Le prnc`npnhjsl
gunstj nctjirlcmh el
mjstrjzl, mj bhmh quj, snc mlrtj `ujctl, l`lflstj snjcmh `lplz mj `hcmu`nr
je `h`dj h el fn`n jc uc jstlmh mj sjbnnc`hcs`njc`nl.
L gujrzl mj rjpjtnr `hc grj`ujc`nl l`tnvnmlmjs rjeltnvlbjctj sjc`neels quj ch
rjqunjrjc mj bu`dl `hc`jctrl`nðc, els eejils l mhbnclr phrquj tu
suf`hcs`njctj thbl je `hctrhe mj el jaj`u`nðc mj mn`dls l`tnvnmlmjs. Pj dlc
`hcvjrtnmh jc dìfnths quj rjlenzls jc pnehth luthbìtn`h, nc`hcs`njctjbjctj h
jc bhmh zhbfn. Jsth ch js bleh, le `hctrlrnh, ehs luthbltnsbhs quj tjcjbhs
jc cujstrl vnml chs rjsuetlc jchrbjbjctj ñtnejs phr vlrnls rlzhcjs1
• Chs lyumlc l ldhrrlr jcjriâl.
• Chs lphrtlc rlpnmjz jc el jaj`u`nðc mj el l``nðc.
• Chs pjrbntjc rjlenzlr mngjrjctjs l`ths le bnsbh tnjbph.
• Enfjrlc cujstrl bjctj plrl phmjr rjlenzlr htrh tnph mj l`tnvnmlmjs.
Luthbltnzlr els l`tnvnmlmjs rjeltnvlbjctj sjc`neels chs gl`nentl bu`dh el
jxnstjc`nl (¡bjchs ble quj le `jrjfrh ch sj ej hevnml rjspnrlr cn lcmlr! ¸]j
nblincls tjcjr quj mlr els ðrmjcjs l cujstrh `jrjfrh mj «Mjrj`dl-Nzqunjrml»
`lml vjz quj `lbnclbhs h «Ncspnrl-Jspnrl» le rjspnrlr8).
Je prhfejbl js quj eh luthbltnzlbhs mjblsnlmh thmh (bìs mje =: % mj els
l`tnvnmlmjs quj rjlenzlbhs l mnlrnh shc dìfnths). L`tulbhs phr `hstubfrj,
rjpntnjcmh `lbnchs jbh`nhclejs yl rj`hrrnmhs y vlilcmh phr irlc plrtj mj
cujstrl vnml snc sjr `hcs`njctjs mj ehs jstâbuehs quj `hcmu`jc cujstrls
rutncls `htnmnlcls. Vjpjtnbhs lctniuhs dìfnths quj ch chs lyumlc. _jrmjbhs
je `hctl`th `hc el vnml, `hc je bhbjcth prjsjctj. Jsth js jstlr jc bhmh
zhbfn, y vnvnbhs lsâ bu`dls bìs dhrls l eh elrih mje mâl mj els quj
nblinclbhs.
@dlrejs Mudnii, jc su blrlvneehsh enfrh Je phmjr mj ehs dìfnths, mjsirlcl ehs =
`hbphcjctjs mje dìfnth plrl rhbpjr `hc je bhmh zhbfn1
Je jstâbueh
Js je mjthclctj quj phcj jc blr`dl tu bhmh zhbfn. Je jstâbueh pujmj sjr
leih tlc snbpej `hbh hejr uc `rulsìc le plslr phr ucl plclmjrâl h tjcjr je
pjcslbnjcth mj «Bj bjrjz`h jsj mhcut mj `dh`heltj». Je jstâbueh js cjutrh,
ch js cn fujch cn bleh. Je mhcut jstì ldâ, mjs`lcslcmh shfrj el bjsl. Eh quj
nbphrtl js el rjspujstl quj sj mjsjc`lmjcl `hbh rjl``nðc luthbìtn`l l jsj
jstâbueh.
El rjspujstl
Js el rjl``nðc quj tnjcjs le rj`nfnr uc jstâbueh mjtjrbnclmh. ]j ncvlmj uc
sjctnbnjcth mj trnstjzl (jstâbueh) y tj vls le `dh`heltj luthbìtn`lbjctj
(rjspujstl). @ulcmh jstj pltrðc mj `hbphrtlbnjcth sj `hcvnjrtj jc
rj`urrjctj, tu `jrjfrh sj l`hstubfrl l îe y eh `hcvnjrtj jc dìfnth.
Nblincl ucl pjrshcl quj, `ulcmh eejil l `lsl jstrjslml y `lcslml trls ucl
murl ahrclml elfhrle, cj`jsntl rjelalrsj. Pu bhbjcth mj rjelx js lilrrlr uc
pjmlzh mj `dh`heltj y mjalrsj `ljr jc je shgì. _jrh jc euilr mj thblr uc
trh`nth mj `dh`heltj phr pel`jr, sj `hbj bjmnl tlfejtl plrl lpl`niulr jsj
jstlmh mj jstrîs. L bjmnml quj vlyl rjpntnjcmh jstl rjspujstl (`hbjr
`dh`heltj `lml vjz quj cj`jsntj rjelalrsj), su `jrjfrh nrì ghrtlej`njcmh el
`hcjxnðc jctrj `dh`heltj y rjelal`nðc. ^ `rjlrì jsj dìfnth nc`hcs`njctj, `hbh
je `hcmu`nr. Jstj js je bhmh zhbfn phr jx`jejc`nl y js je ñcn`h pucth mje
prhirlbl jcjsjecjutrl1
jstâbueh ch quj tjcmrìs
pujmj quj uslrh mjstru`tnvl.
sjr ñtne tu gujrzl mj vheuctlm. El rjspujstl le
El rj`hbpjcsl
Zc dìfnth ch sj mjslrrheel cn sj blctnjcj sn je `jrjfrh ch pjr`nfj quj ej
lphrtl leiucl rj`hbpjcsl. Je `hbjr jbh`nhclebjctj js uc dìfnth gì`ne mj
mjslrrheelr phrquj el rj`hbpjcsl ”je pel`jr quj je `hbjr sjirjil jc cujstrh
`jrjfrh” js ncbjmnltl. Lquâ je trlflah `hcsnstnrì jc jc`hctrlr el bnsbl
rj`hbpjcsl, je bnsbh prjbnh, jc htrhs dìfnths bìs sleumlfejs y
`hcstru`tnvhs.
El `rjjc`nl
Htrh lspj`th quj blctnjcj tus dìfnths js el gj quj tnjcjs jc jeehs. ]us
`hcvn``nhcjs l`tñlc `hbh gnetrhs mj el rjlenmlm1 sn `rjjs quj eh tuyh js
ijcîtn`h y quj cuc`l phmrìs jstlr jc tu pjsh nmjle, nc`hcs`njctjbjctj jstìs
jxtnrplcmh el phsnfnenmlm mj quj sj prhmuz`l jsj dj`dh. Pn, phr je `hctrlrnh,
`rjjs quj js phsnfej quj su`jml, lfrjs uc `hcaucth mj phsnfnenmlmjs quj
prhpn`nlc quj jsl rjlenmlm sj bltjrnlen`j jc tu vnml. Jc jstj enfrh jc`hctrlrìs
vlrnls tî`cn`ls mj rjprhirlbl`nðc mj els `rjjc`nls quj sustjctlc tus rutncls
pjraumn`nlejs, plrl quj mjajc mj `hctrhelr tu rjlenmlm.
_lrl jctjcmjr `ðbh je bhmh zhbfn blcjal cujstrhs dìfnths mj
lenbjctl`nðc, sjrì ñtne rjplslr y lclenzlrehs mj cujvh mjsmj el pjrspj`tnvl mj
el lenbjctl`nðc nc`hcs`njctj.
:
Dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc nc`hcs`njctj
Jstâbuehs mje dlbfrj
Pn ehs jstâbuehs shc mjthclctjs quj phcjc jc blr`dl cujstrh bhmh zhbfn,
ehs jstâbuehs mje dlbfrj l`tnvlc je nbpuesh l `hbjr mj ghrbl nc`hcs`njctj.
_lrl quj ucl `u`dlrlml mj Dílijc-Mlzs tjrbncj jc tu fh`l, tnjcj quj
dlfjrsj prhmu`nmh ucl l``nðc gâsn`l phr el `ule tu blch sj jxtnjcmj, lilrrl el
`u`dlrl y el eejvl l tu fh`l. Js mj`nr, je djelmh ch sj tjejtrlcsphrtl l tu fh`l.
_rjvnlbjctj l jstl l``nðc gâsn`l, dl dlfnmh ucl sjüle mje `jrjfrh hrninclml
phr uc jstâbueh h mjthclctj (quj pujmj sjr uc pjcslbnjcth, jbh`nðc,
sjcsl`nðc gâsn`l h uc mjthclctj jxtjrch).
JP]ÂBZEH ï VJP_ZJP]L
Ehs mjthclctjs pujmjc sjr jxtjrchs h nctjrchs. @ulcmh plrls l rjphstlr
ilshencl `hc je `h`dj, ¸tnjcjs el `hstubfrj mj `hbprlrtj ucl ihehsncl8
@ulcmh vls le `ncj, ¸`hbprls plehbntls8 ^ `lml vjz quj jspjrls jc je
ljrhpujrth h jc el jstl`nðc mj trjc, ¸`hbprls leih8 ¸^ jc je trlflah8 ¸Lsh`nls
mjtjrbnclmhs lenbjcths `hc `njrths euilrjs8 Jc jsths jajbpehs, je lbfnjctj
jc je quj tj jc`ujctrls l`tñl `hbh jstâbueh jxtjrch quj mjsjc`lmjcl tu
rjspujstl mj `hbjr.
@njrtls l`tnvnmlmjs tlbfnîc pujmjc l`tulr `hbh mjthclctjs jxtjrchs, `hbh
`hcmu`nr, vnlalr, `h`nclr h vjr el tjej. El `hbplüâl quj tjcilbhs tlbfnîc
l`tñl `hbh jstâbueh1 phr jajbpeh, `hcsubnbhs mjtjrbnclmhs lenbjcths
`ulcmh slenbhs
tu lpjtjc`nl mj `hc `njrths
`hbnml lbnihs.
flsurl8 ¸Pjctlrtj
¸@hbjs bìs `hc tu plrjal
h bjchs jc jejstìs
`ulcmh shgì `hc
jstnbuel
htrls
pjrshcls8
Ehs pjcslbnjcths
Jc ijcjrle, vnvnbhs tlcth jc el bjctj, jc je pjcslbnjcth, quj `rjjbhs quj
cujstrh bucmh bjctle jstì phr jc`nbl mj el vnml rjle. _jrh je plslmh y je
guturh shc prhmu`ths mj el bjctj, y `ulcmh vnlalbhs dl`nl je guturh h dl`nl je
plslmh js nbphsnfej jstlr jc je prjsjctj. _hrquj el vnml l`hctj`j jc je
prjsjctj, jc je lquâ y ldhrl. ^ ehs sjctnmhs gâsn`hs y els jbh`nhcjs ”ch ehs
pjcslbnjcths” shc els djrrlbnjctls quj chs pjrbntjc `hcj`tlr `hc je
prjsjctj.
Je trnìciueh mj el `hcs`njc`nl
Jc je prnbjr trnìciueh mj el `hcs`njc`nl dly uc mjsjqunenfrnh jc je quj je
prjmhbncnh mje pjcslbnjcth chs dl`j pjrmjr je `hctl`th `hc els sjcsl`nhcjs
`hrphrlejs y els jbh`nhcjs (js mj`nr, `hc je prjsjctj).
Jstj prhirlbl phcmrì jspj`nle îcglsns jc mjslrrheelr el `hcs`njc`nl mj els
sjcsl`nhcjs y els jbh`nhcjs, mj bhmh quj ehs trjs jejbjcths vlylc
rj`upjrlcmh su jqunenfrnh, hthrilcmh je bnsbh pjsh l ehs trjs `hbphcjctjs
mje trnìciueh. Jsth chs pjrbntnrì vnvnr bìs jc plz y lrbhcâl, y sjctnrchs bìs
vnvhs. Mjalrjbhs mj pjcslr tlcth el vnml, plrl jxpjrnbjctlrel, plrl vnvnrel.
El bjctj `lbfnl mj jstlmh mj uc bhbjcth l htrh1 pujmj jstlr mnspjrsl,
lejrtl, hfsjsnhclml, lmhrbj`nml, mnstrlâml, lgjrrlml le plslmh, ncqunjtl,
pjcslcmh jc je guturh… Je prnbjr plsh mje bncmguecjss js sjr bìs `hcs`njctj
mj jstj geunr `hctncuh mj pjcslbnjcths. Lsâ quj jc jstl prnbjrl plrtj mje
prhirlbl vls l nmjctngn`lr ehs pjcslbnjcths quj tnjcjs (jc ghrbl mj plelfrls,
nbìijcjs bjctlejs, nmjls, rj`ujrmhs, mjsjhs h bnjmhs) plrl trljr l el
supjrgn`nj mj tu bjctj ehs pjcslbnjcths quj dlstl ldhrl dls nichrlmh.
`lebl
y jejinry `ðbh
mj `hcs`njc`nl,
rjsphcmjrdj thblmh
lctj îe. el mj`nsnðc mj ch `jmjr l jsj pjcslbnjcth,
Wlbhs l ghrtlej`jr el `lpl`nmlm mj lbpenlr jshs jspl`nhs jctrj je
pjcslbnjcth y el rjspujstl le bnsbh, jctrj je dlbfrj y el mj`nsnðc mj `hbjr
h ch.
Els sjcsl`nhcjs
Ehs pjcslbnjcths ch shc ehs ñcn`hs jstâbuehs h mjsjc`lmjclctjs quj chs
eejvlc l `hbjr jc jx`jsh. _hr uc elmh, tlbfnîc eh shc els sjcsl`nhcjs quj
chs eejilc l trlvîs mj ehs sjctnmhs jxtjrchs (iusth, vnstl, heglth, tl`th, hâmh) h
mj els sjcsl`nhcjs bìs nctjrcls, `hbh els mj dlbfrj y sl`njmlm. @hc el
prì`tn`l mje bncmgue jltnci vls l lprjcmjr l `hcj`tlr `hc tus sjcsl`nhcjs
`hrphrlejs.
Els jbh`nhcjs
Lsâ `hbh ehs pjcslbnjcths ehs pjr`nfnbhs jc el bjctj, els jbh`nhcjs els
sjctnbhs jc je `ujrph y jstj jcvâl le `jrjfrh el ncghrbl`nðc shfrj eh quj
snjctj. ^ je `jrjfrh nctjrprjtl. Lquâ je tru`h js «dl`kjlr» jstj prh`jsh,
rj`hch`njcmh els jbh`nhcjs quj vlc jbjrinjcmh, pjrbntnîcmhchs sjctnr eh
quj sjctnbhs, pjrh snc nctjrprjtlreh, cn nctjctlr `lbfnlreh.
Els jbh`nhcjs `hcstntuyjc irlcmjs mjthclctjs mje `hbjr `hbpuesnvh. Mj
dj`dh, shc el pnjmrl lciuelr mj jstj enfrh y mjmn`lrjbhs vlrnls sj``nhcjs l
quj lprjcmls l `hcj`tlr `hc tu jstlmh jbh`nhcle, l rjsphcmjr l îe
`hcs`njctjbjctj, jc euilr mj rjl``nhclr `hbnjcmh h uslcmh htrhs plr`djs.
Lprjcmjrìs l sltnsgl`jr tus cj`jsnmlmjs jbh`nhclejs `hc htrls `hsls quj ch
sjlc `hbnml. _jrh plrl phmjr sltnsgl`jrels, prnbjrh cj`jsntlrìs slfjr mj quî
jbh`nðc sj trltl.
Jc je sniunjctj `lpâtueh vlbhs l trltlr jc prhgucmnmlm `uìejs shc ehs jstlmhs
jbh`nhclejs quj l`tñlc bìs grj`ujctjbjctj `hbh mjthclctjs nctjrchs mje
dlbfrj. _jrh lctjs mîalbj quj tj prjsjctj l…
El Whz
]j prjsjcth hgn`nlebjctj l El Whz, uc jspî`nbjc quj dlfntl jc tu `lfjzl
`uyl lspnrl`nðc js phcjrtj el zlc`lmneel y sh`lvlr tus lvlc`js dl`nl el
`hcsj`u`nðc mj tus hfajtnvhs. Pj mjmn`l l slturlr tu bjctj `hc pjcslbnjcths,
jbh`nhcjs `hctrlmn`thrnls y vh`js quj tj `rntn`lc, plrl nbpjmnrtj quj mjs
plshs jc gnrbj.
El Whz
qunjc tlbfnîc tj dlfel jc prnbjrl pjrshcl, dl`nîcmhtj `rjjr quj jrjs tñ
dlfel1
• Ch sî phr quî pnjrmh je tnjbph nctjctìcmhbj phcjrbj iulpl… ¡Cn
lucquj pjrmnjrl 0? knehs!
• Ch tjcih tnjbph plrl `h`nclr slch.
• ^h shy lsâ y ch pujmh `lbfnlr.
• Ch vlej el pjcl nctjctlreh, sn snjbprj bj slej ble…
• Bjahr eh dlih blülcl.
• @ðbh pujmh nr phr el vnml bhstrlcmh jshs frlzhs…
• Ch shy `lplz mj tjrbnclr clml mj eh quj bj prhphcih.
• Ch vleih.
• Ch shy sugn`njctj.
Jstls mhs ñetnbls jrlc els glvhrntls mj bn Whz. Je sniunjctj jajr`n`nh tj vl l
lyumlr l rj`hch`jr leiucl mj jstls vh`js jc tu bjctj.
JAJV@N@NH1 @LELCMH L EL WHQ
@ulcmh
jsh, lchtjs susJsth
pjcslbnjcths. pjcslbnjcths, rj`ujrmlquj
js buy nbphrtlctj qujehchprl`tnqujs.
shc el vjrmlm. Phc sheh
^ rj`ujrml1 je
`hbjtnmh mj El Whz js ltl`lrtj.
Dlz ucl `lrn`lturl mj El Whz (ch `hpnjs el bâl, mnfual eh quj snjctls, `ðbh
bltjrnlenzlrâls thmh tu plrehtjh bjctle). Pn qunjrjs tì`dlel, ilrlfltîlel, dlzej
eh quj tj lpjtjz`l. ]j pnmh quj dlils uc mnfuah phrquj js ucl ghrbl mj
jxtjrclenzlr jsl vhz, eh `ule tj gl`nentlrì el tlrjl mj mjalr mj `rjjrtj eh quj
mn`jc. Jstlrìs `rjlcmh ucl bjtìghrl quj `hcvjrtnrì l El Whz jc leih jxtjrch l
tn, y tj gl`nentlrì el tlrjl mj ch `rjjrtj snjbprj eh quj mn`j tu bjctj.
_ujmjs pjilr tu mnfuah jc je jspjah, jc je lrblrnh h jc el cjvjrl, plrl
blctjcjr el iulrmnl letl grjctj l eh quj tj mn`j El Whz, shfrj el `hbnml, tu
`ujrph, tus dìfnths lenbjctlrnhs h tu pjsh. ]lbfnîc pujmjs sjr bìs
`hcs`njctj mj jstj tnph mj `hbjctlrnhs quj ehs mjbìs dl`jc, jc el tjejvnsnðc,
jc `hcvjrsl`nhcjs h jc els rjmjs sh`nlejs.
@hbh vjrìs bìs lmjelctj, el prì`tn`l rjiuelr mje snejc`nh, el shejmlm h el
bjmntl`nðc js nbprjs`ncmnfej plrl `rjlr uc jspl`nh quj tj pjrbntl
mnstlc`nlrtj mj El Whz.
¸@ðbh mjgncnrâls quî js ucl jbh`nðc8 ¸Plfjs `hcj`tlr `hc els jbh`nhcjs
quj snjctjs, js`u`dlrels y mjs`ngrlr su bjcslaj8 Pn tu rjspujstl js cjiltnvl,
js lfsheutlbjctj
jbh`nhclejs. Ch chs chrble, pujs ljcjs`u`dlr
dlc jcsjülmh ijcjrlel cujstrh
shbhs `ujrph,
uchs lcleglfjths
cn l l`hijr
els jbh`nhcjs quj vlc surinjcmh. Jc euilr mj lfrnrchs l jeels, djbhs
lprjcmnmh l trltlr mjalr mj sjctnrchs ble, mjslrrheelcmh el jstrltjinl mj
utnenzlr el `hbnml plrl dunr mj jeels, phrquj `hbjr chs lphrtl pel`jr
ncbjmnlth.
¸]j sujej lpjtj`jr «`hbjr leih», lucquj ch tjcils dlbfrj gnsnheðin`l8
@ulcmh rj`urrnbhs le
`hbnml sleumlfej), mhcut mj
jstlbhs `dh`heltjrjiuelr
nctjctlcmh (h l ehs mìtnejs
leiucl sn tus lcthahs
jbh`nðc l trlvîsshc
mjmj
el
`hbnml h jvntlr `hsls quj ch chs ltrjvjbhs l sjctnr, `hbprjcmjr h supjrlr.
_jrh el rjlenmlm js quj l trlvîs mj el `hbnml ch vlbhs l jenbnclr cn rjiuelr els
jbh`nhcjs quj ch slfjbhs shstjcjr.
Lfurrnbnjcth
«Je lfurrnbnjcth js uc sâcthbl ncjquâvh`h mj quj
ch jstìs l iusth `hctnih bnsbh».
Jrn`d Grhbb
_sn`hlclenstl, psn`ðehih sh`nle y gneðshgh dublcnstl,
rjchvlmhr mj el js`ujel psn`hlcleâtn`l jc je s. TT.
yElhfsjrvl
prðxnbl`hc
vjz ltjc`nðc
quj tj jc`ujctrjs jc ucl
je bjcslaj qujsntul`nðc plrj`nml,
tj eejiuj. dlztjmj
El bnsnðc prjiuctls
dl`jrtj
prjiuctls `hbh jstls ch js auzilrtj cn `ueplfnenzlrtj; el prjiuctl js uc
rj`ursh quj tj sjrvnrì plrl grjclr je nbpuesh luthbìtn`h mj lejalrtj mj tu
lfurrnbnjcth l trlvîs mj el `hbnml.
Pnjcth lfhrrj`nbnjcth lctj
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
]le vjz qunjrjs `lbfnlr leih jc tu vnml, pjrh ch tj snjctjs `lplz mj
`hbprhbjtjrtj `hc dl`jreh. Ch jxnenjs je lfurrnbnjcth le nc`hcs`njctj. Js`rnfj
eh quj tj sleil le rjspj`th, snc rjgejxnhclr cn `jcsurlr. Js`râfjeh ldhrl, phr
glvhr.
]rnstjzl
El trnstjzl js ucl jbh`nðc `leblml quj tnjcj quj vjr `hc el pîrmnml. Js ucl
eelblml mj lyuml quj chs ncvntl l `hch`jrchs bjahr, l bnrlr dl`nl lmjctrh.
Jc je plslmh sheâl rj`dlzlr el trnstjzl, el sjpuetlfl jc bn nctjrnhr phrquj ch
qujrâl sjctnrel cn bhstrlrel l ehs mjbìs. _jrh jc je ghcmh bj sjctâl buy trnstj
y shel. ^ rj`urrâl l el `hbnml plrl `hcshelrbj, pujs bj prhphr`nhclfl uc
pel`jr quj bj trlcsphrtlfl l bn tlc lcdjelml lejirâl (lucquj buy
guilzbjctj).
Jc ehs bhbjcths bìs ncjspjrlmhs, el trnstjzl quj eejvlfl shtjrrlml buy
lmjctrh `hbh
phrquj, nrrubpâl `hc`hbjctlmh
tj dj nctjcsnmlmlctjrnhrbjctj,
(ch phrquj sjl ucl jbh`nðc
`ulcmh ch lfrnbhslirjsnvl snchl
el pujrtl
ucl jbh`nðc quj nctjctl jctrjilrchs uc bjcslaj, jstl `lml vjz ihepjlrì bìs
gujrtj dlstl quj lfrlbhs y rj`nflbhs el ncghrbl`nðc quj `hctnjcj). ]rls tjcjr
vlrnhs jpnshmnhs mj trnstjzl snc cnciñc bhtnvh lplrjctj ”h `hbh bâcnbh,
prhphr`nhclmh”, gnclebjctj mj`nmâ pjmnr lyuml. Ncn`nî tjrlpnl `hc bn
psn`ðehil y `hbprjcmâ quj eh quj dlfâl dj`dh murlctj thml bn vnml jrl
nichrlr y tlphclr bn trnstjzl. Jctjcmâ quj jstl tjcâl ucl `lusl y, ph`h l ph`h,
gun lprjcmnjcmh l l`jptlrel, snbpejbjctj pjrbntnîcmhbj jstlr trnstj `ulcmh
jstl jbh`nðc eelblfl l bn pujrtl. ^ `hbh eh quj rj`elbl el trnstjzl js
`hcsujeh, ph`h l ph`h sj guj mjsvlcj`njcmh, pujs yl dlfâl `ubpenmh su
bnsnðc.
Leiucl vjz, `ulcmh dls sjctnmh trnstjzl, ¸dls fus`lmh `hcsujeh jc el
`hbnml8 ¸\uî tle guj8 ¸Dleelstj `hcsujeh, ltjc`nðc y `hbprjcsnðc jc els
pltltls grntls8 Jc el cnüjz ¸tus plmrjs tj `hbprlflc `du`djrâls, djelmhs h
ileejtls plrl quj `lbfnlrls tu jstlmh mj ìcnbh, y plslfls mj el trnstjzl l el
lejirâl l trlvîs mj el `hbnml8
¸Pujejs rj`urrnr le bnsbh lenbjcth jc ehs bhbjcths jc quj snjctjs pjcl8
¸@uìe js tu lenbjcth `hcsujeh78
¸\uî snjctjs quj dls pjrmnmh8
¸\uî fjcjgn`nhs tj lphrtl jstlr trnstj8
Pn blctnjcjs jstj jstlmh jbh`nhcle, js phrquj tj lphrtl leiñc fjcjgn`nh
nc`hcs`njctj. @hbh djbhs vnsth jc je lplrtlmh mj ehs dìfnths, mjtrìs mj
cujstrls `hcmu`tls snjbprj dly ucl ilclc`nl. Jc bn `lsh, jstlr trnstj bj
sjrvâl plrl ch rjsphcslfnenzlrbj mj bn vnml y sjr ucl phfrj vâ`tnbl quj
cj`jsntlfl sjr rjs`ltlml phr uc prâc`npj lzue h phr leiunjc bìs gujrtj y vìenmh
quj yh. Jstl `hc`eusnðc ch js gì`ne mj le`lczlr phr cujstrl prhpnl `ujctl; mj
ldâ quj, sn tj jc`ujctrls jc uc jstlmh rj`urrjctj mj trnstjzl, tj `hcvnjcj
bu`dh fus`lr lyuml.
]jcih je `hrlzðc rhth phrquj
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
\unzìs tj dlc lflcmhclmh h dls pjrmnmh leiñc sjr qujrnmh. Ch jxnenjs el
trnstjzl le nc`hcs`njctj. Js`rnfj eh quj tj mî el ilcl le rjspj`th. Js`râfjeh
ldhrl phr glvhr.
@uepl
Jc bn hpncnðc, el `uepl js ucl mj els jbh`nhcjs bìs mngâ`nejs mj ijstnhclr y
tðxn`ls quj jxnstjc. Jc el ncbjcsl blyhrâl mj ehs `hcgen`ths `hc el `hbnml y
`hc el gletl mj l`jptl`nðc, el `uepl jstì buy prjsjctj. El gnclenmlm mj el `uepl
js je `lstnih1 ucl slc`nðc h pjcl quj sj lpen`l l qunjc dl `hbjtnmh ucl gletl,
h chs dl pjraumn`lmh, h dl snmh ncausth. ^ chs `lstnilbhs l chshtrhs bnsbhs l
trlvîs mj el `hbnml, `hcmjcìcmhchs l pjrblcj`jr ihrmhs j ncgjen`js, phr jstl
`rjjc`nl mj quj djbhs `hbjtnmh ucl gletl. El `uepl lplrj`j jc bu`dls
sntul`nhcjs1
• @ulcmh pnjcsls «Why l `hbjr uc plr mj hczls mj `dh`heltj» pjrh tj `hbjs
el tlfejtl jctjrl, tj `uepls phr tu js`lsl gujrzl mj vheuctlm. Jcthc`js, l
bhmh mj `lstnih, nctjctls `hbpjcslreh plsìcmhtj snc `hbjr je rjsth mje mâl
h bl`dl`ìcmhtj dl`njcmh mjphrtj le mâl sniunjctj.
• @ulcmh snjctjs quj ch mjmn`ls sugn`njctj tnjbph l tus dnahs h quj ch ejs
mjmn`ls flstlctj ltjc`nðc y `lrnüh.
• @ulcmh snjctjs quj yl dls `hbnmh sugn`njctj y mjfjrâls plrlr, pjrh ch
pujmjs mjalr mj dl`jreh. ^ tj `uepls.
• @ulcmh gnclebjctj ehirls `jslr mj `hbjr, snjctjs `ueplfnenmlm phr thmh eh
quj dls `hbnmh.
• @ulcmh eejils l `lsl snc jcjriâl y tnjcjs `jrh lpjtnth sjxule.
• @ulcmh jbpnjzls l bjahrlr tu blcjrl mj `hbjr h nctjctls flalr mj pjsh y
`hcsniujs dl`jr `lbfnhs le rjspj`th, pjrh le ph`h tnjbph mjsnstjs mj tu
nctjcth, tj ncvlmjc el `uepl y ucl sjcsl`nðc mj nc`lpl`nmlm.
• @ulcmh tnjcjs ucl mns`usnðc, tj snjctjs `ueplfej y tj `lstnils snc `hbjr
dlstl je mâl sniunjctj.
• @ulcmh tj prhphcjs dl`jr bìs mjphrtj pjrh ch tnjcjs ilcls mj clml, y ch
eh dl`js.
•rjl``nhclcmh
@ulcmh jbpnjzls l sjr bìs
`hc vnhejc`nl `hcs`njctj
`hc tus dnahs h tuyplrjal.
«jspnrntule» y tjphr
]j `uepls shrprjcmjs
ch l`tulr
`hbh el pjrshcl jvheu`nhclml, jqunenfrlml y `jctrlml jc el quj sj suphcj
quj tj dls `hcvjrtnmh irl`nls l thmh je «trlflah nctjrnhr» quj dls dj`dh.
• Nc`eush `ulcmh els `hsls tj vlc fnjc jc pejcl `rnsns j`hcðbn`l ijcjrle, tj
snjctjs `ueplfej phr tjcjr îxnth (jspj`nlebjctj els buajrjs).
¸^ quî eìtnih uslbhs `hbh vâl mj `lstnih8 Fncih, el `hbnml. @hbjr
jx`jsnvlbjctj, h ch `hbjr, js uc l`th lirjsnvh `hctrl chshtrhs bnsbhs.
@ulcmh chs `lstnilbhs ”phr `ulequnjrl mj els rlzhcjs quj tj l`lfh mj
jxphcjr” ch dl`jbhs bìs quj nc`rjbjctlr el vnhejc`nl.
Le ejvlctlrtj
`hbprhflr tus phr el sh`nlejs
rjmjs blülcl,h¸eh prnbjrh
tu `hrrjh quj dl`js Pnjstnjcjs
jej`trðcn`h8 bnrlr jstj
je bðvne plrl
dìfnth tj
prhphcih quj blülcl, austh le ejvlctlrtj, phcils uc tjbphrnzlmhr mj <?
bncuths plrl dl`jr `ulequnjrl mj ehs jajr`n`nhs mje enfrh (h bjmntlr, dl`jr
leiñc jajr`n`nh mj bhvnbnjcth) y phsphcils el rj`hbpjcsl mj clvjilr phr
Nctjrcjt, sheh <? bncuths.
Jc euilr mj mj`nrtj quj jrjs uc vlih y quj phsphcjs snjbprj els `hsls,
pujmjs jbpjzlr l jctrjclr el `lpl`nmlm mj nmjctngn`lr el sjcsl`nðc mj pjrjzl,
mj prh`rlstncl`nðc h ncmngjrjc`nl, `ulcmh tj ncvlml. Jc jsths bhbjcths,
pujmjs hptlr phr `hbfltnr je prhfejbl mj rlâz, dl`nîcmhtj els sniunjctjs
prjiuctls1
¸\uî vhy l pjrmjr sn eh mjah plrl blülcl8
¸\uî prj`nh vhy l plilr qujmìcmhbj jc bn zhcl mj `hcghrt8
@ulcmh dj slenmh mj bn zhcl mj `hcghrt, ¸quî dj ehirlmh8
Pnjcth pjrjzl `ulcmhXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`ulcmhXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..
_ujmj sjr quj snjctls `lcslc`nh gâsn`h, bjctle y jbh`nhcle. \uj tj `ujstj
ijcjrlr jcjriâl. \uj tj rjsuetj mngâ`ne lsubnr rjsphcslfnenmlmjs. Ch jxnenjs el
pjrjzl le nc`hcs`njctj. Js`rnfj eh quj tj mî el ilcl le rjspj`th.
Phejmlm
El shejmlm js ucl mj els jbh`nhcjs quj bìs bnjmh chs ml y quj bjchs
slfjbhs ijstnhclr. El blyhrâl mj els pjrshcls ch slfjc jstlr shels `hcsnih
bnsbls, phrquj jctrlc jc `hctl`th `hc ucl sjcsl`nðc mj vl`âh, mj `lrjc`nl mj
leih h leiunjc.
^h ch sshphrtlfl
hphrtlfl jstlr `hcbnih bnsbl, ch phmâl jstlr snc dl`jr clml,
c lml, l shels
^ tñ, ¸`ðbh tj eejvls `hc el shejmlm8 @ulcmh slfjs quj tj t j qujmlrìs l shels,
¸tj ncvlmjc el lcsnjmlm y el nc`hbhmnmlm8 ]jcjbhs le le`lc`j bu`dls ghrbls
mj mnstrljrchs plrl lcjstjsnlrchs y jsqunvlr je mhehr. ¸@uìe js tu glvhrntl8
Dlz clml
Je rjth quj tj prhphcih ”quj pjrshclebjctj bj lyumð bu`dh l phmjr
jstlr l shels `hcbnih bnsbl” js quj mj vjz jc `ulcmh mjmnqujs uc rltnth l
jstlr l shels, snc mnstrl``nhcjs (ch `hbjr, ch bnrlr je bðvne, ch ejjr, ch
gublr… dl`njcmh clml). ]j snjctls jc uc plrquj y hfsjrvls eh quj tj rhmjl y
ehs gjcðbjchs quj vlc surinjcmh jc tu nctjrnhr. Pn shc buy mjslirlmlfejs y
lfrublmhrjs, rjspnrl prhgucmlbjctj, lfrlzl els jbh`nhcjs quj vlc
lgehrlcmh, snc nctjctlr `lbfnlrels, snctnjcmh je bhbjcth snc auzilreh.
Bj snjcth sjplrlmh mj
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_ujmj sjr quj tj dlyls sjplrlmh mj ucl lbnstlm, mj ucl pjrshcl nbphrtlctj
plrl tn, mj uc glbnenlr h mj uc iruph h `hbucnmlm. Ch jxnenjs tu sjctnbnjcth
mj sjplrl`nðc le nc`hcs`njctj. Js`rnfj eh quj tj mî el ilcl le rjspj`th.
Bnjmh
El rjspujstl mje hrilcnsbh lctj el jbh`nðc mje bnjmh js je jstrîs. Js uc
bj`lcnsbh djrjmlmh mj cujstrhs lctjplslmhs, phr je `ule, le jcgrjctlrchs l
el lbjclzl mj ucl gnjrl, je `ujrph sj prjplrlfl plrl eu`dlr h dunr. Dhy el
blyhrâl mj ijctj sj snjctj lbjclzlml phr els jxnijc`nls elfhrlejs, phr je
jx`jsh mj l`tnvnmlm, phr bnjmh l pjrmjr leih, phr uc bltrnbhcnh quj ch
guc`nhcl, phr el gletl mj tnjbph, phr ch tjcjr sugn`njctj mncjrh, phr el
dnphtj`l, phr jcgjrbjmlmjs (prhpnls h mj leiñc sjr qujrnmh) y jspj`nlebjctj
phr prhfejbls jbh`nhclejs. Jstj jstlmh mj lejrtl dl`j quj je `ujrph
mjblcmj y `hcsubl bu`dl jcjriâl (plrl eu`dlr h dunr), phr eh quj trls je pn`h
mj jstrîs, chs lpjtj`jc lenbjcths quj chs rj`hbphcilc, `hbh snjbprj, rn`hs
jc irlsl, sle y lzñ`lr.
Lmjbìs, `ulcmh chs jc`hctrlbhs lctj ucl sntul`nðc jstrjslctj, je hrilcnsbh
enfjrl `hrtnshe, quj sn fnjc js cj`jslrnh plrl vnvnr, `ulcmh su prhmu``nðc js
jx`jsnvl h pjrblcj`j jc el slcirj murlctj uc pjrnhmh mj tnjbph prhehcilmh,
lubjctl je mjsjh mj `hbjr `hbpuesnvlbjctj. _jrh je jstrîs y el lcsnjmlm l
leiucls pjrshcls ejs nc`rjbjctl je dlbfrj y jc `lbfnh, l htrls, ejs `njrrlc je
lpjtnth.
Jc je enfrh Dlbfrj, jbh`nhcjs y `jrjfrh ”`hbjr `hc `lfjzl ehs luthrjs jxpen`lc quj
sn l leiucls pjrshcls je jstrîs y el lcsnjmlm ejs ijcjrlc dlbfrj jbh`nhcle, js
mjfnmh l quj sus `ujrphs sj`rjtlc mj ghrbl clturle blyhrjs `lctnmlmjs mj
`hrtnshe `hbh rjspujstl le jstrîs. ]lbfnîc tnjcjc prjmnsphsn`nðc l `hbjr bìs
lctj sntul`nhcjs jstrjslctjs els pjrshcls `uyhs `ujrphs rjqunjrjc bìs
tnjbph
quj sn lplrl
tn sjenbpnlr je je
tj `njrrl thrrjctj slciuâcjh
jstðblih mj el l`ubuel`nðc
`hc je jstrîs y el lcsnjmlm,mjjs`hrtnshe.
phrqujLsâtu
`ujrph sj`rjtl bjchr `lctnmlm mj `hrtnshe y eh enbpnl bìs rìpnmlbjctj mj
tu slcirj quj ehs `ujrphs mj lqujeels pjrshcls l els quj chs ml phr `hbjr.
(_hr `njrth, lmjbìs mj glvhrj`jr el l`ubuel`nðc mj irlsl jc el `ncturl, je
`hrtnshe jcthrpj`j el mnijstnðc).
Ehs mjslgâhs quj dhy chs jstrjslc prjsjctlc bu`dls mngjrjc`nls rjspj`th l
ehs quj lgrhctlflc cujstrhs lc`jstrhs, jspj`nlebjctj phrquj jc ijcjrle ch
l`lrrjlc ucl l``nðc h rjspujstl gâsn`l phr cujstrl plrtj (yl ch `hrrjbhs
phrquj chs pjrsniuj uc ejðc cn tjcjbhs quj eu`dlr gâsn`lbjctj `hctrl uc
jcjbnih). Js mj`nr quj je mjsjqunenfrnh dhrbhcle y mj sustlc`nls quâbn`ls
quj sj prhmu`j jc cujstrh hrilcnsbh l `lusl mje jstrîs ch vnjcj l`hbplülmh
mj ucl l`tnvnmlm gâsn`l quj chs pjrbntl jenbnclr thml jsl jcjriâl ch ilstlml.
^, `hbh jc je `lsh mj el nrl, sj vl l`ubuelcmh jc cujstrh hrilcnsbh, jc ghrbl
mj tjcsnðc y mj lcsnjmlm.
^ phr sn thmh jsth gujrl ph`h, flah `hcmn`nhcjs mj jstrîs, je `jrjfrh prnhrnzl
`njrtls guc`nhcjs quj mjc ucl rjspujstl rìpnml l el lbjclzl, y mjfnentl `njrtls
ìrjls rjel`nhclmls `hc je luth`hctrhe, el gujrzl mj vheuctlm y el thbl mj
mj`nsnhcjs, eh `ule chs mngn`uetl vlehrlr els `hcsj`ujc`nls mj cujstrls
mj`nsnhcjs.
bnjmh
sâcthblsjy blcngnjstl
el jbh`nðcgâsn`lbjctj,
quj sufyl`jsj shbltnzl.
mjtrìs Jsjs
mj jeel mj`nr, quj el lcsnjmlm js uc
je bnjmh.
Bu`dls pjrshcls mn`jc quj «`hbjc phr lcsnjmlm» y tle vjz tñ tlbfnîc eh
pnjcsjs. Nc`eush yh bnsbl lctjs lgnrblfl quj `hbâl phr lcsnjmlm. @rjh quj
eh mj`âl plrl jvntlr je jsgujrzh h el rjsphcslfnenmlm mj rj`hrrjr je `lbnch
dl`nl bn nctjrnhr plrl vjr quî sj jstlfl `h`njcmh ldâ lmjctrh quj bj prhmu`âl
tle lcsnjmlm. @hbh «tjcâl lcsnjmlm» ch phmâl dl`jr clml le rjspj`th, `hbh sn
gujsj
quj chuc prhfejbl
jstì quj ch`lbfnlr.
jc bns blchs gujrl `hcbnih. @hbh sn gujrl uc `lstnih mj Mnhs
¸Eh tuyh js lcsnjmlm rjlebjctj8 ¸Dls sugrnmh leiñc ltlquj8 ¸]j dlc
mnlichstn`lmh uc trlsthrch mj lcsnjmlm8 L bjcumh, eh quj shejbhs eelblr
lcsnjmlm js uc jstlmh bjctle mj irlc ncqunjtum, jx`ntl`nðc j ncsjiurnmlm.
pjenirh
lgìc mjy prh`urlrchs
quj, phr eh tlcth, ch jstlbhs
prhtj``nðc plrl lshfrjvnvnr,
slevh. Jcthc`js cujstrhphrquj
sj jcihrml `ujrph, js
jc su
el
blcjrl quj `hch`j mj blctjcjrtj l slevh (rjsjrvls mj irlsl 2 supjrvnvjc`nl).
Zc fujc pucth mj plrtnml plrl mjalr mj `hbjr phr lcsnjmlm, js eh`lenzlr `uìe
js je pjenirh quj jstìs pjr`nfnjcmh. @ulcmh tj snjctls `hc lcsnjmlm,
prjiñctltj1
¸\uî pjenirh jsthy pjr`nfnjcmh8
¸\uî cj`jsntlrâl plrl `hbfltnr jsj pjenirh8
^ `hbh je
j e lctâmhth plrl el lcsnjmlm js `hcgnlr, pujmjs lchtlr jc tu `ulmjrch
jc quî `hsls phmrâls `hcgnlr plrl rjmu`nr jsj jstlmh mj bnjmh.
Bj snjcth lcsnhsh phr
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
_hsnfejbjctj tjcils el sjcsl`nðc mj plmj`jr bu`dl prjsnðc, tle vjz phr els
gl`turls quj tnjcjs quj plilr, els cj`jsnmlmjs mj tus dnahs, el jxnijc`nl
elfhrle, h phr el rjsphcslfnenmlm mj mlr el tleel `hbh plrjal, `hbh trlflalmhr,
`hbh lbnih, `hbh blmrj h `hbh vj`nch.
Ch jxnenjs el lcsnjmlm le nc`hcs`njctj. Js`rnfj eh quj tj mî el ilcl le
rjspj`th.
_hr buy ncvjrhsâbne quj plrjz`l, irlc plrtj mj ehs prhfejbls mj pjsh shc
blcngjstl`nhcjs gâsn`ls mje tjbhr nctjrch.
Vjspujstls le jstâbueh
Mj bhmh quj `ulcmh chs lsletl uc jstâbueh (yl sjl uc pjcslbnjcth,
jbh`nðc h sjcsl`nðc) rjl``nhclbhs luthbìtn`lbjctj `hbnîcmhchs jsj
djelmh nc`hcs`njctjbjctj, snc pjcslr jc eh quj jstlbhs dl`njcmh bnjctrls eh
Pn jstìs pjcslcmh1 «\unjrh ncstru``nhcjs, mnbj quî tjcih quj dl`jr plrl
`hcsjiunreh», jstìs nc`urrnjcmh jc el bjctlenmlm mj plutls l el quj chs dl
l`hstubfrlmh cujstrl sh`njmlm, l quj chs mnilc quî js eh quj tjcjbhs quj
dl`jr. Eh snjcth pjrh jc jstj prhirlbl vlbhs l plrtnr mj el jxpehrl`nðc y mj el
hfsjrvl`nðc. Wls l `hrtlr `hc el tjcmjc`nl l quj tj mnilc eh quj tnjcjs quj
dl`jr plrl quj lprjcmls l dl`jrtj `lrih mj tu prhpnl vnml.
Vj`hbpjcsl
Lmjbìs mj el rjpjtn`nðc, htrh ncirjmnjctj ncmnspjcslfej plrl quj uc
`hbphrtlbnjcth sj mjslrrheej y sj `hcvnjrtl jc dìfnth js quj je `jrjfrh
pjr`nfl uc fjcjgn`nh le dl`jreh. Jc je `lsh mje `hbjr mj ghrbl nc`hcs`njctj y
ph`h sleumlfej (lucquj sjl uc prhmu`th mjen`nhsh), cujstrh `jrjfrh `hcsnmjrl
uc prjbnh je pel`jr ncbjmnlth (lucquj jgâbjrh) quj chs lphrtl el `hbnml. Ch
ej nbphrtl sn jstl `hcmu`tl chs ijcjrl blejstlr, cn quj l el elril tjcilbhs
quj
Dlzplilr uc leth
bjbhrnl mj prj`nh. Ej lphrtl
leiñc mâl jc quj,uctrls
fjcjgn`nh ncstlctìcjh
ucl ahrclml y pucth.
`lcslml `hc ehs cnühs h
mj trlflah, h jxdlusth phr eejvlr tnjbph sniunjcmh ucl mnjtl, tj dls mn`dh1
«Bj eh bjrjz`h». ]j dls prjbnlmh jbh`nhclebjctj.
@rjjc`nl
Je `ujrph trltl thmls els tjcsnhcjs jbh`nhclejs y bjctlejs `hbh sn gujrlc
lbjclzls gâsn`ls. Lucquj `lml pjrshcl rjl``nhcl mj ghrbl mnstnctl le jstrîs,
`lml vjz quj sjctnbhs bnjmh (ehs yl bjc`nhclmhs, h fnjc htrhs) jcvnlbhs je
bjcslaj l cujstrh `ujrph mj1 «Jsthy jc pjenirh. ¡Dlz leih, `ujrph!». El plrtj
bìs lctniul mj cujstrh `jrjfrh, mhcmj rjsnmj je ijc ldhrrh, sniuj
prhirlblml plrl dl`jr thmh eh quj pujml plrl prhtjijrchs. _jrh je ñcn`h tnph
mj lbjclzl quj `hbprjcmj shc els gâsn`ls, jspj`nlebjctj el `lrjc`nl mj
`hbnml (je liul y el `hbnml jrlc els `hsls jsjc`nlejs mj els quj cujstrhs
lc`jstrhs phmâlc jstlr gleths).
Mj bhmh quj `ulcmh sugrnbhs els tjcsnhcjs prhpnls mj el vnml bhmjrcl, bìs
jbh`nhclejs quj mj supjrvnvjc`nl gâsn`l, cujstrh `ujrph `rjj quj `hrrjbhs
uc pjenirh gâsn`h. ^ plrl prhtjijrchs dl`j quj jcihrmjbhs.
Eh quj `rjjbhs ijcjrl jbh`nhcjs. Le sjctnr `hcgnlczl jc el vnml, sjctnrchs l
slevh y sjiurhs `hc els pjrshcls quj dly jc cujstrl vnml, jbntnbhs sjülejs
quâbn`ls jc cujstrh `ujrph y jc cujstrh `jrjfrh mj «thmh jstì fnjc», «ch dly
pjenirh», «ijc ldhrrh, pujmjs mjs`lcslr». _hr jeeh js mj vntle nbphrtlc`nl quj
ijstnhcjs je jstrîs jbh`nhcle y bjctle l el dhrl mj pjrmjr pjsh.
_lrlejelbjctj, js niulebjctj ncmnspjcslfej quj vlyls trlcsghrblcmh el
`rjjc`nl ltìvn`l ncstlelml jc tu `jrjfrh mj «el irlsl js je bjahr bjmnh mj
prhtjijrtj» phr htrl quj tj sjl bìs ñtne.
JAJV@N@NH1 Mrjclaj jbh`nhcle y `hbnml
Jsthy sjiurl mj quj leiucl vjz dls prjsjc`nlmh el sniunjctj js`jcl1 uc cnüh
eehrlcmh j ncqunjth jc el `leej, y su blmrj quj ej ml leih mj `hbjr plrl quj
sj `lebj. Pn rjirjsls l tu ncglc`nl, tle vjz rj`ujrmjs leiucl h`lsnðc jc quj tus
plmrjs h glbnenlrjs tj ltnfhrrlrhc mj `hbnml plrl mnstrljrtj mj uc prhfejbl.
H jc quj tj mnajrlc «Ch jstîs trnstj», «Ehs cnühs iulphs ch sj jcglmlc» h
«Jrjs mjblsnlmh sus`jptnfej». Wlbhs, quj ch jstlfl fnjc sjctnr eh quj
sjctâls.
Ldhrl nblincl uc
mjs`hcshelmh, quj, jc euilr
lmueth mj jsh,«Wjc
ej mnajsj1 `lmllquâ,
vjz quj jsj `uîctlbj
`lrnüh, bnsbh cnüh sj snjctjs.
quî snctnjrl
¸Mðcmj chtls jsls sjcsl`nhcjs, jc je jstðblih, jc je pj`dh8 @uîctlbj quî
tj plsl, jsthy lquâ plrl lfrlzlrtj, js`u`dlrtj y jstlr `hctnih».
¸\uî mngjrjctj sjrâl, vjrmlm8 Jsthy sjiurl mj quj sn je ihfnjrch ncvnrtnjrl jc
leglfjtnzl`nðc jbh`nhcle, ch dlfrâl tlcths lmueths qujmìcmhsj dnpchtnzlmhs
lctj el cjvjrl, mn`nîcmhsj1 «Ch sî quî js eh quj qunjrh», `lml vjz quj
tuvnjrlc
mj fus`lrquj dl`jr grjctj
`ueplfejs, uc prhfejbl
snch mj h sntul`nðc
lsubnr cujstrl nc`ðbhml.`hbh
rjsphcslfnenmlm _jrh lmueths
ch sj trltl
mj
lprjcmjr l luthrrjiuelr cujstrls jbh`nhcjs. L `lml `ule ej `hrrjsphcmj
dl`jrsj `lrih mj rjiuelr sus jbh`nhcjs jc vjz mj jc`hbjcmlrej jstl tlrjl le
`dh`heltj.
Ldhrl quj tnjcjs bìs `hch`nbnjcth shfrj ehs mjthclctjs jbh`nhclejs y sus
rjspujstls bìs `hbucjs, tj ncvnth l quj lclen`js quî jstrltjinls mj
lenbjctl`nðc dls mjslrrheelmh plrl shstjcjrehs. Nmjctngn`l els jbh`nhcjs y/h
jstlmhs lcâbn`hs mj el tlfel quj sniuj, quj tj sujejc eejvlr l `hbjr
nc`hcs`njctjbjctj (sn gletl leiuch jc je enstlmh, lüìmjeh).
Bhbjcth ¸@ðbh sujejs rjl``nhclr lctj ¸]j dl`j `hbjr bìs h ¸\uî `hbjs `ulcmh L`tnvnmlm
`râtn`h jstj jstlmh jbh`nhcle8 `hbjs bjchs8 tj snjctjs lsâ8 letjrcltnvl
Lfurrnbnjcth
Lejirâl
Lcsnjmlm
@lcslc`nh
@ueplfnenmlm
Jstrîs
Nrl
Bnjmh
_jrjzl
Phejmlm
]rnstjzl
je `ðbhquj
y mjalr cn jeels
phr quî.su`jmlc.
`hsls Js ucl `hbprjcsnðc
Je hrnijc mjncstlctìcjl, quj chs
el plelfrl nctun`nðc eejvlsulrlâz
tnjcj l`tulr
jc
tujrj, quj snicngn`l —prhtjijr„ h —vninelr„. ^ jstl js prj`nslbjctj el guc`nðc mj el
nctun`nðc1 prhtjijrchs `hcstlctjbjctj.
Lucquj chs dlfel mj ghrbl buy `elrl, ch js gì`ne mj pjr`nfnr, phrquj dlfel su
prhpnh ejciulaj y jc uc thch sutne. Js gì`nebjctj ldhilml phr je
ncnctjrrubpnmh plrehtjh mj el bjctj y els mngn`uetlmjs mj el vnml mnlrnl. Chs
`ujstl
cujstrlsjspj`nlebjctj l lqujeehs
jbh`nhcjs y `ðbh qujjech`ujrph
chs pnmj djbhsquj
snmh jmu`lmhs
`unmjbhs mjplrl
îe. js`u`dlr
Wjcih mj ucl glbnenl mhcmj ehs vlehrjs mj el bjctj sj `hcsnmjrlflc
supjrnhrjs l ehs tjbls mje `ujrph. Pj sufjstnblfl el nbphrtlc`nl mj el
lenbjctl`nðc, mj els trlmn`nhcjs `uenclrnls y el lustjrnmlm jc el cjvjrl jrl uc
`eìsn`h (ch phr gletl mj rj`urshs, snch phrquj el `hbnml rn`l y sleumlfej ch sj
`hcsnmjrlfl ucl prnhrnmlm).
@hbh el blyhrâl mj chshtrhs, mj pjqujül ch lprjcmâ l js`u`dlr bn `ujrph cn
bu`dh bjchs l tjcjr jc `ujctl su slfnmurâl. Js eðin`h quj mj lmuetl ch
`hcgnlrl jc îe. _ujsth quj mj pjqujül ch slfâl js`u`dlr eh quj bn jsjc`nl bj
jstlfl pnmnjcmh, mj lmuetl, `ulcmh bj supen`lfl thblrbj uc mjs`lcsh,
bj
bnjmhmjs`hcj`tlfl mj sus pjtn`nhcjs
l els `hcsj`ujc`nls, bj mj`âl mj mjs`lcsh,
«tnjcjs phrquj bn
quj jsghrzlrtj bjctj, phr
y sjiunr». Bj
plslfl el blyhr plrtj mje tnjbph trlflalcmh jc bn pjqujül hgn`ncl (ucl
dlfntl`nðc jc je ilrlaj), gublcmh y thblcmh `lgî, bnjctrls bn vhz nctjrnhr bj
nbpehrlfl slenr ldâ lgujrl, mj `lsl, quj jstlfl jc bjmnh mje bhctj, rhmjlml
mj ucl clturlejzl slevlaj y mj lnrj purh. @hcstlctjbjctj tjcâl nctjrbnclfejs
enstls mj `hsls phr dl`jr, h`uplfl bn tnjbph `hc rjsphcslfnenmlmjs y cuc`l
bj qujmlfl jspl`nh plrl rjelalrbj, mnvjrtnrbj y `unmlrbj. Bn nctun`nðc bj
susurrlfl quj sniunjrl ucl mnrj``nðc mnlbjtrlebjctj mnstnctl pjrh yh ch el
js`u`dlfl.
Le ch js`u`dlrbj, el blyhr plrtj mje tnjbph vnvâl jc mjslrbhcâl. Lucquj ch
sugrâl `lrjc`nl mj cutrnjctjs, sjctâl uc dlbfrj ncsl`nlfej mj vnml. Jstlfl
shbjtnml l dlbfrj bjctle, jbh`nhcle y jspnrntule phrquj vnvâl mj l`ujrmh l
el dnsthrnl quj bj dlfâl bhctlmh jc bn `lfjzl, mj eh quj sj suphcâl quj
tjcâl quj sjr ucl vnml «jxnthsl». _rnvìcmhbj mj els jxpjrnjc`nls quj bn
`hrlzðc lcdjelfl.
Dlstl quj bn `ujrph yl ch phmâl bìs y thblfl bjmnmls bìs `hctucmjctjs
plrl grjclrbj jc sj`h, phr jajbpeh, l trlvîs mj prhfejbls ilstrhnctjstnclejs
quj bj hfenilflc l qujmlrbj jc el `lbl murlctj uchs mâls, snc phmjr dl`jr
clml.
^, `urnhslbjctj, jc jshs bhbjcths jc quj ch dl`âl clml, bn vhz nctjrnhr
lprhvj`dlfl plrl `hbucn`lrsj `hcbnih. H bjahr mn`dh, yh ej mlfl el
hphrtucnmlm mj quj lshblrl su `lfj`ntl.
Jbpj`î l nctjrjslrbj phr el `hcjxnðc jctrj el mnijstnðc y el ghrbl mj mnijrnr
el vnml y vn quj je `ujrph js buy entjrle, chs dlfel buy `elrlbjctj.
¸L qunîc h quî sntul`nðc ch pujmh trlilr8
¸\uî bj jstì rjvhevnjcmh je jstðblih8
@hbjc`î l `hbprjcmjr quj ch mnijrâl fnjc bn vnml phrquj ch `hcgnlfl jc
jeel. Wnvâl `hlrtlml phr je tjbhr l eh quj phmâl su`jmjr, sjctâl quj bj gletlfl
lphyh. Bj prjh`uplfl bu`dh phr je guturh y `hctnculbjctj bj prhtjiâl mj
ehs `lbfnhs quj bn vh`j`ntl nctjrnhr bj pjmâl. Jc htrls plelfrls, tjcâl bu`dh
bnjmh mj el vnml pjrh ch tjcâl je `hrlaj plrl `lbfnlrel.
]rls uc elrih `lbnch mj lprjcmnzlaj, jbpj`î l js`u`dlr l bn `ujrph, l
rj`hch`jr bn vhz nctjrnhr. ^ l `hcgnlr jc jeel. Els djrrlbnjctls quj bìs bj
lyumlrhc l l``jmjr l bn slfnmurâl nctjrnhr gujrhc el bjmntl`nðc, je mjphrtj,
ehs jajr`n`nhs mj rjspnrl`nðc y uc `hctl`th `hc els gnehshgâls lmvlntl y jsthn`l.
Lprjcmj l mnijrnr tu vnml
El mh`thrl @lrbjc P. Lejirâl, luthrl mje prðehih mj jstj enfrh, chs dl
jxpen`lmh quj l eh elrih mj su prlxns bîmn`l dl `hcstltlmh quj ehs prhfejbls
mnijstnvhs sj rjel`nhclc `hc je bnjmh. Bnjmh mj ch sjr eh quj qunjrjc
cujstrhs plmrjs, mj ch `hctjctlr l cujstrhs prhgjshrjs (y mj blyhrjs l
cujstrhs ajgjs), mj ch sjrvnr, mj ch sjr sugn`njctjs.
@ulcmh ch chs trlilbhs l chshtrhs bnsbhs, chs jsghrzlbhs plrl quj ehs
mjbìs ch «chs mjs`ufrlc» y chs l`jptjc, `hbpel`nîcmhehs. Chs trlilbhs els
plelfrls quj cj`jsntlbhs mj`nr, ch jxprjslbhs eh quj cj`jsntlbhs h
mjsjlbhs, tjcjbhs nmjls snc mnijrnr phrquj qunzìs sjctnbhs quj ch
bjrj`jbhs sjr js`u`dlmhs. ^ le trlilrchs cujstrls cj`jsnmlmjs, ch chs
sjctnbhs fnjc y rj`urrnbhs l el `hbnml. Jc `lbfnh, els pjrshcls quj sj
l`jptlc y sj rjspjtlc l sâ bnsbls, jxprjslc eh quj mjsjlc y ch tnjcjc
ñe`jrls.
_h`h l ph`h gun mjslrrheelcmh el `hcgnlczl jc quj sn dl`âl `lsh mj eh quj bj
mn`tlfl bn vhz nctjrnhr, snjbprj lcmlrâl phr je `lbnch quj mjfâl sjiunr. @lml
vjz quj bns trnpls tjcâlc sâcthbls bj dl`âl prjiuctls l`jr`l mj quî lspj`th
mj bn vnml ch jstlfl ltjcmnjcmh `hc el ltjc`nðc quj rjqujrâl. ^ snbpejbjctj
pjrblcj`âl jc snejc`nh y js`u`dlfl.
L``jmjr l el @dnspl Nctjrnhr ch js leih bnstjrnhsh cn bâstn`h, thmh je bucmh
pujmj lprjcmjr l js`u`dlrel. Pheh dly uc rjqunsnth1 rjsjrvlr bhbjcths mj
snejc`nh plrl `uetnvlr el sjrjcnmlm. L tn tj `hrrjsphcmj jc`hctrlr tu prhpnl
ghrbl mj js`u`dlrtj> y lprjcmjr l bnrlr mj grjctj el `lrjc`nl, je bnjmh h eh
quj sjl quj ej gletl l tu vnml.
El blyhrâl mj ehs `hcgen`ths mj rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml cl`j mje bnjmh. ^ el
nctun`nðc tnjcj el bnsnðc mj prhtjijrchs. Pustntuylbhs el prhtj``nðc quj chs
frncmlc ehs knehs mj bnjmh l`ubuelmhs jc cujstrl bjctj (y, phr `hcsniunjctj,
jc cujstrh `ujrph), phr je lbplrh mj cujstrl vjrmlmjrl jsjc`nl. Mjajbhs mj
uslr el `hbnml plrl tlplr jsls jbh`nhcjs quj ch qujrjbhs sjctnr.
El nctun`nðc mjs`lcsl jc je jspl`nh quj sjplrl el bjctj mje `ujrph. ^ plrl
l``jmjr l jsj euilr utnenzlrjbhs el bjmntl`nðc l trlvîs mje lfhrmlaj mje
bncmguecjss. ]lbfnîc chs jcsjülrì l «jstlr `hc eh quj dly», snc cj`jsnmlm mj
`lbfnlreh y l thblr els rnjcmls mje bhmh zhbfn jc rjel`nðc l cujstrl ghrbl mj
`hbjr (y mj vnvnr), plrl mjalr mj `hbjr (y mj vnvnr) nc`hcs`njctjbjctj.
@hcgâl jc quj tu @dnspl, el Wnml h qunjc qunjrl quj sjl, tj iunlrì jc jstj
prh`jsh y quj, bnjctrls dlils `lsh l eh quj tj mn`j, jstlrìs jc je `lbnch quj
mjfjs sjiunr.
4 Ch vhy l lcmlrbj `hc tj`cn`nsbhs1 el @dnspl Nctjrnhr lflr`l thmls els ch`nhcjs quj dl`jc
rjgjrjc`nl l el vhz nctjrnhr, l el nctun`nðc, le yh vjrmlmjrh, `hrlzhclmls, slfnmurâl nctjrnhr,
`ujrph, lebl, jsjc`nl, jcjriâl, Mnhs, _jpnth Irneeh, prjsjctnbnjcth, jspârntu, ìcnbl, psnquj...
\uîmltj `hc el quj tj iustj bìs.
> Lsâ `hbh el pjr`jp`nðc quj tjcjbhs mje mhehr pujmj lbpengn`lrsj h rjmu`nrsj sjiñc `hbh
eh lgrhctj `lml uch, el ghrbl jc el quj cujstrl nctun`nðc sj `hbucn`l `hc chshtrhs tlbfnîc
pujmj vlrnlr bu`dh mj ucl pjrshcl l htrl.
_lrtj 6
JC]VJCLCMH EL @HCP@NJC@NL
9
Mhblcmh l tu zhbfn
nctjrnhr
«@ulcmh `lbncjs, `lbncl; `ulcmh `hbls, `hbj».
_rhvjrfnh zjc
¸@ðbh tj snjctjs
luthbìtn`h, y l`lflsldhrl8 Dl`j
mj plslr uclucguc`nðc
sjiucmh jstlflsmj
lutðchbl rjspnrlcmh
tu `ujrphjc bhmh
le bhmh
pejclbjctj `hcs`njctj. ]le vjz tj prjiuctjs1 Pn phmjbhs jaj`utlr jstl
guc`nðc luthbìtn`lbjctj, ¸quî cj`jsnmlm dly mj dl`jrel `hcs`njctjbjctj8
_lslbhs irlc plrtj mj cujstrl vnml rjlenzlcmh l`tnvnmlmjs `htnmnlcls mj
ghrbl sjbnnc`hcs`njctj, eh `ule js buy guc`nhcle pjrh tnjcj je sjrnh
nc`hcvjcnjctj mj quj chs dl`j pjrmjr `hctl`th `hc el vnml. Je sjctnmh mj
plrlr y sjr snjbprj
rjspnrl`nðc `hcs`njctjs
jstìmjldâ,
el nc`jslctj,
ncdlel`nðc mj
y mj el jxdlel`nðc
blcjrl rlmn`l
quj `ulcmh el jc quj sj
bjctj el
pnjrmj y chs mjs`hcj`tl mje vjdâ`ueh, snjbprj phmjbhs vhevjr l
`hc`jctrlrchs jc el rjspnrl`nðc, rjirjslcmh le prjsjctj. _hrquj shelbjctj
jstlcmh jc je prjsjctj, phmjbhs vnvnr ucl vnml pejcl. ^ `ulcmh cujstrl vnml
js pejcl, mjalbhs mj rj`urrnr l el `hbnml plrl eejclrel.
Vjspnrlr prhgucmlbjctj nc`rjbjctl je rnjih slciuâcjh jc je `jrjfrh y, jc
`hcsj`ujc`nl, je hxâijch lubjctl, eh `ule chs pjrbntj pjcslr `hc blyhr
`elrnmlm y `hcj`tlr bìs gì`nebjctj `hc cujstrh `ujrph. Jc gnc, quî tj vhy l
`hctlr shfrj el rjspnrl`nðc… Pn ch rjspnrls, bujrjs. ¡Js je vjrmlmjrh
gucmlbjcth mj el vnml!
Qhbfns jc el mu`dl
_njcsl jc jstl blülcl. _rhflfejbjctj le ejvlctlrtj, tj dls mu`dlmh, dls
mjslyuclmh, tj dls elvlmh ehs mnjctjs y dls slenmh mj `lsl dl`nl je trlflah h
plrl rjlenzlr leiucl l`tnvnmlm. ]u `ujrph jstlfl prjsjctj, mjslrrheelcmh `lml
tlrjl pjrh ¸y tu bjctj8 ¸Le mu`dlrtj jrls `hcs`njctj mj `ðbh je liul
rjsflelfl phr tu `ujrh `lfjeeumh, chtlfls el tjbpjrlturl, hâls el `lâml mj els
ihtls y sjctâls je lrhbl mje `dlbpñ8 ¸H bìs fnjc jstlfls flah je mhbncnh
mje pjcslbnjcth rubnlctj, vnlalcmh dl`nl je guturh y je plslmh8
_hctj l iusth
Fus`l uc euilr trlcquneh mhcmj pujmls rjelalrtj. Pnîctltj `ðbhmlbjctj jc
ucl sneel `hc els blchs shfrj je rjilzh. Pn eh prjgnjrjs, pujmjs sjctlrtj jc je
sujeh, shfrj uc `haâc. @njrrl sulvjbjctj ehs hahs h blctîc el bnrlml
mjsjcgh`lml, phsìcmhel sulvjbjctj jc uc pucth.
_rh`url blctjcjr el jspleml eh bìs rj`tl phsnfej, pjrh snc ghrzlrel. Blctîc je
`ujeeh rjelalmh, `hc el flrfneel enijrlbjctj bjtnml dl`nl mjctrh. Nblincl quj
tj jstnrlrlc sulvjbjctj `hc uc dnenth mjsmj el plrtj bìs letl mj el `lfjzl. Je
lfmhbjc y je pj`dh snc jsthrfhs, plrl quj pujmls rjspnrlr enfrj y
prhgucmlbjctj.
]hbl `hc`njc`nl mj tu `ujrph
Hfsjrvl tu phsturl y prjstl ltjc`nðc l ehs pucths jc ehs quj tu `ujrph jstì
jc `hctl`th `hc el sneel, y l ehs pnjs rjphslcmh jc je sujeh. Chtl je pjsh mj tus
frlzhs y blchs quj mjs`lcslc shfrj tu gleml.
@hc`îctrltj jc els sjcsl`nhcjs quj snjctjs jc `lml ucl mj els plrtjs mj tu
`ujrph, mj el `lfjzl l ehs pnjs. Hfsjrvl nc`eush els plrtjs bìs pjqujüls mj
tu `ujrph, `hbh els hrjals, ehs mjmhs mj els blchs y mj ehs pnjs. Chtl sn dly
zhcls jc je `ujrph jc els quj pjr`nfjs nc`hbhmnmlm h tjcsnðc. ^ tlbfnîc sî
`hcs`njctj mj sn dly ìrjls mhcmj chtls rjelal`nðc y `hbhmnmlm.
_jrbntj quj tu `ujrph vlyl lgehaìcmhsj, lenijrìcmhsj y `lyjcmh, bìs y
bìs…
]lbfnîc pujmjs prjstlr ltjc`nðc l ehs mjbìs sjctnmhs. _jr`nfj thmh eh quj
pujmls hejr, slfhrjlr u hâr. Pn chtls leiucl sjcsl`nðc mj `lehr, grâh u
dhrbniujh.
Vjspnrl prhgucmlbjctj
Ldhrl prjstl ltjc`nðc l el rjspnrl`nðc. ]hbl `hc`njc`nl mj jeel. @hc`îctrltj
jc `ðbh jctrl y slej je lnrj mj tu `ujrph. Hfsjrvl je euilr jc je `ujrph mhcmj
pjr`nfls mj uc bhmh bìs jvnmjctj els sjcsl`nhcjs mj tu rjspnrl`nðc. ]le vjz
jc ehs hrngn`nhs clslejs, jc el ilrilctl, jc je `ujeeh. \unzì jc je pj`dh h jc je
lfmhbjc.
Ldhrl
phr tj pnmh
el clrnz quj dlils je
y jxpueslcmh : rjspnrl`nhcjs prhgucmls,
lnrj phr el fh`l. Vjspnrl leih
mjsmjshchrls,
eh bìsncdlelcmh
prhgucmh
mje lfmhbjc. _ujmjs `heh`lr tus blchs jc`nbl mje jsthblih plrl chtlr
`ðbh sj jxplcmj le ncspnrlr y le jspnrlr, `ðbh tu `ujrph jxpuesl je lnrj, l el
vjz quj vls shetlcmh `ulequnjr tjcsnðc gâsn`l.
Nblincl `hbh sn tuvnjrls uc iehfh jc je jstðblih. Wnsulenzl `ðbh sj dnc`dl
le ncspnrlr, jxplcmnjcmh tu vnjctrj y le ncspnrlr, `ðbh sj mjsdnc`dl.
Pn jc leiñc bhbjcth tu bjctj sj vl, eejvìcmhtj l nmjls, pjcslbnjcths,
nbìijcjs, `hsl quj chs h`urrj l thmhs l bjcumh, `ulcmh tj mjs `ujctl mj
quj el ltjc`nðc sj dl mnspjrslmh, `hc sulvnmlm, `hc ucl l`tntum `lrnühsl y snc
auzilr, trìjel mj vujetl. _ujmjs mnrninr tu ltjc`nðc l el zhcl mj el clrnz,
snctnjcmh `hbh je lnrj jctrl y slej phr tus ghsls clslejs. ]lbfnîc pujmjs
`hctlr els ncdlel`nhcjs y els jxdlel`nhcjs. @ujctl bjctlebjctj `lml vjz quj
ncdlels y `lml vjz quj jxpuesls je lnrj. @ujctl < le ncspnrlr, 6 le jspnrlr, 0 mj
cujvh le ncspnrlr… ^ `ulcmh eejiujs l 4, jbpnjzl el `ujctl mj cujvh. @hctlr
lyuml bu`dh l blctjcjr el `hc`jctrl`nðc.
Vj`ujrml quj el rjspnrl`nðc js uc rj`ursh blrlvneehsh plrl `jctrlr tu
ltjc`nðc jc je lquâ y jc je ldhrl, phrquj snjbprj jstì l`tnvl y prjsjctj.
Vjspnrl clturlebjctj
@hc el ñetnbl jspnrl`nðc, vj rjirjslcmh l tu rntbh clturle mj rjspnrl`nðc.
_jrbntj quj vlyl rj`upjrlcmh su `lmjc`nl chrble. Ch dlils cnciñc jsgujrzh
phr letjrlrel, cn phr fus`lr clml jspj`nle. _jrbâtjtj mjs`lcslr jc el
rjspnrl`nðc. Hfsjrvlcmh `hc lblfnenmlm je geunr mje lnrj le jctrlr y slenr phr el
clrnz. Chtlcmh els sjcsl`nhcjs quj tj prhphr`nhcl `lml ncspnrl`nðc y `lml
jspnrl`nðc1 hfsjrvl `ðbh js tu rjspnrl`nðc ldhrl, sn js prhgucml h supjrgn`nle,
sn js jctrj`hrtlml h rjiuelr, rìpnml h ejctl, sulvj h tle vjz râinml. Ch js
cj`jslrnh quj `lbfnjs clml; snbpejbjctj blctîc el ltjc`nðc jc el
sjcsl`nðc. Pnctnjcmh eh quj mjfl sjr sjctnmh, hfsjrvlcmh eh quj sjfl sjr
hfsjrvlmh. ]hmh tnjcj `lfnml lquâ y ldhrl.
Jc `lml ncdlel`nðc y jc `lml jxdlel`nðc mjs`lcsls bìs y bìs, bhbjcth l
bhbjcth.
@lml vjz quj pjr`nfls quj el bjctj sj vl l rj`ujrmhs, nmjls, pelcjs guturhs,
mnrnij sulvjbjctj
mltj `ujctl mj qujelsjltjc`nðc
dl nmh mj cujvh vhevjr.
y mj`nmj dl`nl el_ujmjs
rjspnrl`nðc.
vhevjrPnbpejbjctj
l `hctlr tus
rjspnrl`nhcjs. Mlrtj `ujctl mj quj el bjctj sj mnspjrsl y rj`upjrlr el
ltjc`nðc snc `rntn`lrtj js gucmlbjctle jc el prì`tn`l mje bncmguecjss. Lmjbìs, el
prhpnl prì`tn`l mj mlrtj `ujctl mj quj tj dls nmh, yl js bjmntlr. ^ jstl
prì`tn`l sj ghrtlej`j. Js uc geunr `hctncuh mj nr y vjcnr y mj vhevjr l hfsjrvlr eh
quj dly, bhbjcth l bhbjcth, `hc ucl bnrlml `urnhsl.
Jxpehrl tu nctjrnhr
Ldhrl quj jrjs bìs `hcs`njctj mj tus sjcsl`nhcjs gâsn`ls, pujmjs thblr
tlbfnîc blyhr `hcs`njc`nl mj tu jstlmh nctjrch, mj tu bjctj y mj tus
jbh`nhcjs. Vjlenzl ucl jxpehrl`nðc mj `ðbh sj snjctj tu `ujrph, tu bjctj y
tu `hrlzðc. Nctjctl sjr `hcs`njctj mj jeeh snc auzilr. Ch trltjs mj mjsdl`jrtj
mj `ulequnjr sjcsl`nðc nc`ðbhml h mjslirlmlfej `lbfnlcmh mj phsturl. Jc
euilr mj jsh, snbpejbjctj pujmjs rj`hch`jr el bhejstnl y l`jptlr jsl
sjcsl`nðc, mjalr mj phcjr rjsnstjc`nl l eh quj plsl y mj qujrjr quj els `hsls
sjlc mj ghrbl mngjrjctj l `hbh shc. ^ `hctncñls `hc je jajr`n`nh.
Pn ch jc`ujctrls cnciucl sjcsl`nðc jvnmjctj, ch tj prjh`upjs, tlbfnîc jstì
fnjc.
_jrbntj quj tu bjctj sj mnspjrsj
Ldhrl mjal mj `jctrlrtj jc clml, yl ch tnjcjs quj prjstlr ltjc`nðc l el
rjspnrl`nðc. \unzì snjctjs bìs `lebl, bjchs jstrîs, sjrjcnmlm y rjelal`nðc. H
tle vjz ch. _ujmj quj tu bjctj jstî ncucmlml mj pjcslbnjcths y pelcjs. _jrh
jc jstl glsj mje jajr`n`nh ch nbphrtl mjblsnlmh quî snjctls. @ulequnjr `hsl
quj su`jml jstì fnjc y ch dly cnciñc rjsuetlmh h jgj`th quj tjcils quj
ehirlr.
_jrbntj quj tu bjctj vliuj enfrjbjctj y mnsgrutl mj mjalr quj tu bjctj sjl
tle y `hbh js.
_rjpìrltj plrl tjrbnclr
Mj cujvh, sî `hcs`njctj mj els sjcsl`nhcjs mje `ujrph. @ðbh rjphsl shfrj el
sneel, ehs pnjs lphylmhs jc je sujeh, ehs frlzhs y els blchs shfrj tus pnjrcls.
_ujmjs chtlr sn dly leiñc hehr, slfhr h shcnmh.
Mjctrh mj uc bhbjcth y `ulcmh sjl lmj`ulmh plrl tn, tj pjmnrî quj lfrls
mjspl`nh ehs hahs. _jrh lctjs, tj pnmh quj tjcils jc bjctj ucl nmjl `elrl mj
eh sniunjctj quj vls l dl`jr. Bu`dls pjrshcls, le tjrbnclr jstj jajr`n`nh,
sletlc mj el sneel y sj jcgrls`lc jc el sniunjctj l`tnvnmlm, pjrmnjcmh je jstlmh
`jctrlmh quj dlc `uetnvlmh `hc el prì`tn`l. Lsâ quj pnjcsl jc quî vls l dl`jr
ldhrl, y eeîvltj thml jsl `hcs`njc`nl `hctnih plrl el sniunjctj tlrjl.
Pn qunjrjs pujmjs l`hbhmlrtj jc el sneel h jc el `lbl y jstnrlr tu `ujrph
`hbh sn gujrls uc ilth mjspjrjzìcmhsj.
Vjirjsl l lquâ y ldhrl
Ncdlel, jxdlel… ^ le eejilr l jstj gncle mj el prì`tn`l mj el bjmntl`nðc,
pjrbâtjtj slfhrjlr ucls ñetnbls rjspnrl`nhcjs `hcs`njctjs y `hbpejtls, l tu
rntbh, mìcmhtj `ujctl mj `ðbh tus rntbhs vntlejs dlc `lbfnlmh sn js quj tu
rjspnrl`nðc tlbfnîc ldhrl js mngjrjctj quj le ncn`nlr el prì`tn`l. H qunzìs ch.
]le vjz tu bjctj sj dl `leblmh phr `hbpejth h tle vjz ch. Lucquj tjcils el
sjcsl`nðc mj trlcqunenmlm
h cjrvnhsnsbh, hfsjrvl qujlfsheutl, qunzì tlbfnîc
jsl sjcsl`nðc sheh sjl plslajrl.
pujmj sjrPnplslajrl.
snjctjs jcglmh
H`urrl
eh quj h`urrl, pjrbntj quj sjl `hbh tjcil quj sjr. Pjl `hbh sjl, mltj uc
jspl`nh plrl lirlmj`jrtj jstl prì`tn`l, jstj bhbjcth mj ltjc`nðc jspj`nle
dl`nl tn, dl`nl eh quj js. Mltj `ujctl mj quj mjs`ufrnr el `lebl y el `elrnmlm
tnjcj quj vjr bjchs `hc «dl`jr» y bìs `hc «ch dl`jr». ^ ph`h l ph`h, l tu
rntbh, pujmjs nr lfrnjcmh ehs hahs y thblcmh `hcs`njc`nl mj mðcmj jstìs.
Jc`ujctrl bhbjcths l eh elrih mje mâl plrl rj`hcj`tlr `hc jstl sjcsl`nðc mj
ltjc`nðc `jctrlml. Ch js cj`jslrnh quj dlils je jajr`n`nh `hbpejth,
snbpejbjctj `hc`îctrltj jc je rntbh mj el rjspnrl`nðc, dlz `nc`h rjspnrl`nhcjs
prhgucmls. Mjmn`l uc jspl`nh plrl thblr `hcs`njc`nl mj `ðbh tj snjctjs
gâsn`l, bjctle y jbh`nhclebjctj. Pnc trltlr mj `lbfnlr tu jstlmh.
Jsth tj pjrbntnrì jstlr bìs prjsjctj jc tu vnml `htnmnlcl, `jctrlcmh tu
`hcs`njc`nl jc ucl `hsl `lml vjz, jc je bhbjcth prjsjctj. ^ `ulcth bìs eh
prl`tnqujs, bìs gì`ne tj rjsuetlrì l``jmjr l tu vh`j`neel nctjrnhr, quj jstì ldâ
plrl prhtjijrtj, snc quj ej nbphrtj je pjsh quj tjcils. El prì`tn`l rjiuelr
tlbfnîc tj lyumlrì l ghrtlej`jr ehs cujvhs dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj
quj mjs`ufrnrìs jc je `lpâtueh «@hcs`njc`nl y pîrmnml mj pjsh», quj tj
pjrbntnrìc `hcsjiunr tu prhpðsnth.
Bhbjcths bncmguecjss
«Dj dj`dh uc `ursh mj ej`turl rìpnml
y dj ejâmh Iujrrl y plz jc vjnctj bncuths. Wl mj Vusnl».
Yhhmy Leejc
Mnrj`thr, iunhcnstl, l`thr, bñsn`h y js`rnthr
Je rjth plrl jstl sjblcl js quj `lml mâl jenals ucl mj els l`tnvnmlmjs quj tj
prhphcmrî l `hctncul`nðc y quj prjstjs thtle ltjc`nðc le jaj`utlrel. Ch
`hcsnstj jc quj rjlen`js el l`tnvnmlm mj ghrbl ejctl, dlzel `hc chrblenmlm,
pjrh prjstlcmh ltjc`nðc l el jxpjrnjc`nl jc sâ bnsbl. ¡Lprhvj`dl `ulequnjr
hphrtucnmlm plrl nc`hrphrlr pjqujühs bhbjcths bncmguecjss!
Murlctj jstl sjblcl, `lml mâl jenij uch mj jsths bhbjcths mj tu vnml
mnlrnl1
Bnjctrls tj elvls ehs mnjctjs
Bnjctrls tj `jpneels ehs mnjctjs, prjstl ltjc`nðc l el phsn`nðc mj tu `ujrph. Pî
`hcs`njctj mje lspj`th, je hehr, el tjxturl, je slfhr mj el plstl mj mnjctjs.
Pnjctj `hbh je frlzh sj vl bhvnjcmh mj uc elmh le htrh. Js`u`dl je shcnmh mje
`jpneeh `hctrl tu mjctlmurl. Chtl el sjcsl`nðc mje `jpneeh jc tus mnjctjs y
`îctrltj jc enbpnlr `lml uch mj jeehs.
Le mlrtj ucl mu`dl
mu`dl
Pnjctj je pel`jr mje liul `lenjctj rjsflelcmh shfrj tn, bnjctrls prjstls
ltjc`nðc le lrhbl mje alfðc, le shcnmh mje liul le `ljr y l el mnsbncu`nðc mj
su vjeh`nmlm, `ulcmh `njrrjs je irngh. Jc el mu`dl js buy grj`ujctj quj el
bjctj sletj dl`nl mjelctj y dl`nl ltrìs, rj`hrmlcmh j nblinclcmh sntul`nhcjs
quj tle vjz cuc`l dlc h`urrnmh y quj prhflfejbjctj cuc`l su`jmjrìc.
Pnbpejbjctj sî `hcs`njctj mj `ulcmh tu bjctj sj vl, y vujevj l prjstlr
ltjc`nðc le liul.
Grjilr ehs pelths
Chtl je prnbjr `hctl`th mj tus blchs `hc je liul; sî `hcs`njctj mj el
tjbpjrlturl, mj `lml pnjzl quj suajtls, mje tnjbph quj tlrmls jc enbpnlreh.
Hfsjrvl el jspubl quj sj ghrbl, gâaltj jc je shcnmh mje liul le `ljr, jc el
`lctnmlm mj liul quj jstìs uslcmh. ]hbl `hcs`njc`nl mj ehs pjcslbnjcths
quj `ruzlc tu `lfjzl y, sjiunmlbjctj, mîalehs blr`dlr. Niulebjctj, mltj
`ujctl mj tu mjsjh mj qujrjr tjrbnclr plrl phmjr dl`jr htrl `hsl.
Jc el `hel mje sñpjr
Pî `hcs`njctj mj el rjl``nðc quj tnjcjs le vjr quj dly `hel jc je
supjrbjr`lmh. Bnjctrls jspjrls, sî `hcs`njctj mj tus sjcsl`nhcjs gâsn`ls, lsâ
`hbh mj el phsn`nðc mj tus pnjs, mj tus pnjrcls, mj tu jspleml; chtl tu
rjspnrl`nðc. @ulcmh el `hel lvlczl, sî `hcs`njctj cujvlbjctj mj tu rjl``nðc.
Pî `hcs`njctj mj tu nbpuesh mj bnrlr je bðvne, y mj `uìctls vj`js eh dl`js.
@ulcmh phr gnc eejil tu turch, phc ltjc`nðc jc tu nctjrl``nðc `hc el pjrshcl
quj tj ltnjcmj.
Jc je trlcsphrtj pñfen`h
Hfsjrvl sn tu bjctj mjsjlrâl jstlr jc htrh euilr, quj je «trìbntj» mje vnlaj
plsj
bjtrhprhcth. Ch sjcntrltl
blehenjctj, mj quj
mj quj snjctlssjctnr
prjtjcmls jctusnlsbh phrsnjctjs.
eh quj ch jstlr jcÑcn`lbjctj
jsj vliðc mj
js
ucl hphrtucnmlm plrl jctrjclr el hfsjrvl`nðc mj eh quj tj rhmjl, mj ch auzilr
tus sjcsl`nhcjs, rj`hch`jr `ðbh tus jbh`nhcjs y tus pjcslbnjcths vlc
geu`tulcmh.
@lbnclr mj ucl jstlc`nl l htrl jc `lsl
]hbl `hc`njc`nl mj `ðbh `lbncls. Pnjctj `ðbh els lebhdlmneels mj uc pnj
jctrlc jc `hctl`th `hc je sujeh. Chtl niulebjctj el pnslml mj tu htrh pnj,
`ðbh je lr`h pelctlr sj jc`hrvl. ]hbl `hcs`njc`nl mje bhvnbnjcth mj tus
pnjrcls, mj tus frlzhs sn sj flelc`jlc jc ehs `hstlmhs. Hfsjrvl `ðbh jctrls l
el htrl jstlc`nl, y ehs mjspelzlbnjcths quj rjlenzls.
Htrls l`tnvnmlmjs quj ch rjqunjrjc ltjc`nðc `hcs`njctj, phr trltlrsj mj l`ths
sjc`neehs y `htnmnlchs, pjrh quj shc buy ñtnejs plrl gh`lenzlr cujstrl bjctj jc
ucl shel `hsl, phmrâlc sjr1
• Wjstnrtj
• ]hblr uc tî, `lgî h zubh
• Dl`jr el `hbprl
• Plenr l `hrrjr
• @hcmu`nr
• Pjctlrtj l trlflalr jc tu bjsl
• Zcl rjel`nðc sjxule
• _hcjr y quntlr el bjsl
• ]nrlr el flsurl
• _hcjr el elvlmhrl
• _hcjrtj `rjbl jc el `lrl<
JAJV@N@NH1 Bhvnbnjcth y `hcs`njc`nl
Eh quj tj
mjspuîs mjprhphcih ldhrlmjmnqujs
dl`jr mjphrtj js quj, lmjbìs mj murlctj
uchs ncstlctjs l jstlrjeprjsjctj.
jajr`n`nh,Mnsphctj
tlbfnîc
l hfsjrvlr `ðbh sj snjctj tu `ujrph trls el l`tnvnmlm gâsn`l. @ðbh tj snjctjs
mjspuîs mje bhvnbnjcth. Pn vls l `hbjr, lmvnjrtj quî fnjc tj snjctl el
`hbnml.
^ yl pujsths, lprhvj`dh plrl pjmnrtj quj lubjctjs je tnjbph mj bhvnenzlr tu
jcjriâl, mj : bncuths l <? bncuths.
Jstl sjblcl vls l prjstlr ltjc`nðc l lqujeehs lspj`ths vntlejs quj mls phr
sjctlmhs, `hbh el rjspnrl`nðc. @hbprhbîtjtj l mjmn`lr : bncuths `lml mâl l
bjmntlr (yl sjl phcnjcmh el ltjc`nðc jc el rjspnrl`nðc, jc els sjcsl`nhcjs mj
el zhcl lfmhbncle h js`u`dlcmh el bjmntl`nðc iunlml phr bâ jc lumnh mje
jajr`n`nh jxtjcmnmh mj bjmntl`nðc (l``jmj l jeel l trlvîs mj el wjf).
]lbfnîc vls l jejinr ucl l`tnvnmlm `htnmnlcl le mâl, el `ule vls l mjslrrheelr
`hc pejcl ltjc`nðc. _hr ñetnbh, lubjctl el prì`tn`l mj bhvnenzlr tu jcjriâl l
<? bncuths bìs mj eh quj vnjcjs dl`njcmh mnlrnlbjctj.
< Pnlpen`ls el ltjc`nðc pejcl le phcjrtj `rjbl, rjlenzlcmh uc sulvj blslaj gl`nle,
vnsulenzlcmh `ðbh el eh`nðc vl cutrnjcmh y rjauvjcj`njcmh tus `îeuels, je jgj`th mj el `rjbl sj
buetnpen`lrì.
4
Lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj
y bncmgue jltnci
Eejilmhs l jstj pucth, suphcih quj yl vls vnseubfrlcmh je cjxh quj jxnstj
jctrj je bncmguecjss y el bjahrl mj el rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml.
¸\uî js je bncmgue jltnci8
Pn bncmguecjss snicngn`l ltjc`nðc pejcl, bncmgue jltnci js el lpen`l`nðc mj el
ltjc`nðc pejcl le l`th mj `hbjr. Jc rjlenmlm, sj jxtnjcmj l bu`dhs bìs l`ths.
Lmjbìs mj jstlr prjsjctjs, ltjcths y l iusth bnjctrls `hbjbhs, el
lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj `hbnjczl le sjctlrchs l js`rnfnr el enstl mj el `hbprl,
`ulcmh lmqunrnbhs je lenbjcth, jc el ghrbl mj `h`nclreh y mj prjplrlreh j
nc`eush `ulcmh thblbhs el mj`nsnðc mj `hbprlreh. _jrh mj bhbjcth vlbhs l
`jctrlrchs jc je bhmh mj `hbjr.
Pj sujej dlfelr mj bncmgue jltnci y mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj `hbh sn gujsjc
sncðcnbhs, pjrh plrl bâ shc `hsls mnstnctls. Lucquj sj trltj mj ucl bjrl
`ujstnðc mj jtnqujtls, `rjh quj je `hc`jpth mj «lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj»
lflr`l bu`dhs bìs ìbfnths. Lenbjctlrchs `hcs`njctjbjctj js tjcjr
`hcs`njc`nl mj ehs lenbjcths jc ehs lspj`ths1
• Nctjej`tule
Nctjej`tule11 Jstlr ltjcths l ehs iruphs mj lenbjcths cj`jslrnhs jc cujstrl
lenbjctl`nðc (vntlbncls, prhtjâcls, `lrfhdnmrlths…). Cujstrh `ujrph sj
rjijcjrl jc `n`ehs mj vlrnhs lühs, sj jstì rj`hcstruyjcmh `hctnculbjctj.
_hr supujsth
y fjfnml, jc quj js prnbhrmnle
ehs «elmrneehs» qujgnalrsj
uslbhsjc plrl
el `lenmlm mj cujstrl
rjjmngn`lr cujstrhlenbjctl`nðc
`ujrph. Pnc
jbflrih, jc ijcjrle sj phcj bu`dh je gh`h jc quî `hbjbhs, bnjctrls quj
js tlcth h bìs nbphrtlctj `ðbh eh `hbjbhs y plrl quî eh `hbjbhs.
• Pjcshrnle
Pjcshrnle11 Lquâ js mhcmj jctrl je bncmgue jltnci. Ltjcmjr l ehs `hehrjs, ehs
slfhrjs, els tjxturls, ehs lrhbls… `ulcmh `hbjbhs bnrlcmh je bðvne,
vnjcmh el tjejvnsnðc, mnstrlâmhs y snc slfhrjlr el `hbnml rjlebjctj, el
mnijrnbhs snc mlrchs `ujctl. Le tjrbnclrel, ch chs sjctnbhs sltnsgj`dhs,
sjiunbhs snctnjcmh dlbfrj y eh bìs prhflfej js quj chs ejvlctjbhs mj el
bjsl jc fus`l mj leih `hc quj eejclrchs.
• Jbh`nhcle
Jbh`nhcle11 Pjr `hcs`njctjs mj quî `hbjbhs sjiñc ehs jstâbuehs quj
mjsjc`lmjclc je dlbfrj vhrlz (`ðbh chs sjctnbhs, sjiñc ehs dìfnths
glbnenlrjs, je euilr jc je quj chs jc`hctrlbhs… ). @hc el vnml quj eejvlbhs,
shejbhs tjcjr ucl lijcml buy eejcl, chs sjctnbhs `lcslmhs, ch l`lflbhs
mj jc`hctrlr je sjctnmh l eh quj dl`jbhs y tjcjbhs cj`jsnmlmjs
jbh`nhclejs ch `ufnjrtls. ^ l bjcumh utnenzlbhs el `hbnml `hbh uc
fìeslbh jbh`nhcle, `hbh uc prjbnh h `hbh uc bjmnh plrl tlplr cujstrls
`lrjc`nls jbh`nhclejs.
•jeÎtn`h1 @hcsnmjrlr
pelcjtl, jc ehs =jeirlcmjs
nbpl`thrjnchs
quj cujstrl ghrbl mj lenbjctlrchs
mj el clturlejzl tnjcjvjijtle
(bncjrle, lcnble, shfrj
y dublch). Jstj pelch `hc`njrcj l sn eh quj `hcsubnbhs sj dl prhmu`nmh mj
ghrbl shstjcnfej, je nbpl`th mje trlcsphrtj mj jshs lenbjcths jc je bjmnh
lbfnjctj h sn el `hbplüâl lenbjctlrnl rjtrnfuyj austlbjctj l els pjrshcls
quj trlflalc jc jeel.
@lml uch mj jsths pucths mlrâl plrl uc enfrh jctjrh, pjrh prjgnjrh
prhgucmnzlr jc ehs lspj`ths mj`nsnvhs plrl lprjcmjr l rjel`nhclrchs fnjc `hc
el `hbnml, l`lflr `hc je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle y `hc je shfrjpjsh1 el
lenbjctl`nðc mjsmj je pucth mj vnstl sjcshrnle (bncmgue jltnci) y jbh`nhcle. Ehs
mjbìs `hbphcjctjs (je nctjej`tule y je îtn`h) vjcmrìc `hbh `hcsj`ujc`nl
clturle mj nctjrnhrnzlr je bncmgue jltnci y el ijstnðc jbh`nhcle.
Lsâ, jc euilr mj vninelr bìs quî lenbjcths `hbjbhs h mj `hctlr els `lehrâls
quj ncijrnbhs, vlbhs l jctrjclr el `hcs`njc`nl le `hbjr. Eh dlrjbhs
hfsjrvlcmh y `hch`njcmh jc prhgucmnmlm thmhs y `lml uch mj ehs jejbjcths
quj `hcmn`nhclc je prh`jsh mj `hbjr. Pniunjcmh je trnìciueh mj el `hcs`njc`nl
mje `lpâtueh :, vlbhs l jstlr jc `hcstlctj `hctl`th `hc els plutls bjctlejs
dlfntulejs (pjcslbnjcths), `hc ehs jstlmhs mj ìcnbh (jbh`nhcjs) y `hc els
mngjrjctjs sjcsl`nhcjs mj dlbfrj y sl`njmlm (`ujrph), y jvntlrjbhs pjrsnstnr
jc ehs pjcslbnjcths luthmjstru`tnvhs mj El Whz quj chs eejvlc l `hbjr
nc`hctrhelmlbjctj.
Mj el bnsbl blcjrl quj shbhs `lpl`js mj `lbnclr h rjspnrlr snc tjcjr quj
pjcslr jc jeeh `hcs`njctjbjctj, phmjbhs rjlenzlr tlrjls sjc`neels `hbh
pnc`dlr je tjcjmhr h eejvlrchs uc fh`lmneeh l el fh`l snc tjcjr quj pjcslr jc
eh quj dl`jbhs. ]lbfnîc phmjbhs `hbjr bnjctrls lcmlbhs phr el `leej h
`hcmu`nbhs, bnrlbhs je bðvne, ejjbhs je pjrnðmn`h, vjbhs el tjej, trlflalbhs
jc je hrmjclmhr h dl`jbhs pelcjs plrl je mâl sniunjctj. Chs plrj`j quj
lprhvj`dlbhs bu`dh bjahr je tnjbph y quj lmjbìs dl`jbhs je «trìbntj» mj
`hbjr bjchs lfurrnmh. _jrh yl vnbhs quj el buetntlrjl tnjcj ucls
`hcsj`ujc`nls.
Puphcj quj, bnjctrls vls bjtnjcmh `hbnml jc tu fh`l l el vjz quj rjlenzls
thmls jstls tlrjls, tj pnjrmjs el jxpjrnjc`nl mj `hbjr, ch mnsgrutls, cn chtls
ehs slfhrjs, cn ehs lrhbls, cn els tjxturls mj ehs lenbjcths. ^ rjsuetl quj
`ulcmh lcmlbhs phr el vnml nichrlcmh eh quj vjbhs, eh quj th`lbhs h eh
quj `hbjbhs, js `hbh sn thmh lqujeeh ch jxnstnjsj. Pn chs ltnfhrrlbhs mj
`hbnml bnjctrls cujstrl bjctj lcml pjrmnml jctrj pjcslbnjcths, bnrlbhs je
bðvne, ejjbhs je pjrnðmn`h, vjbhs el ]W h js`u`dlbhs bñsn`l, ch chs mlbhs
`ujctl mj quî `lctnmlmjs ncijrnbhs, cn mj quî js eh quj ncijrnbhs. ]lbph`h
shbhs `hcs`njctjs mj els sjcsl`nhcjs (je dlbfrj js ucl sjcsl`nðc gâsn`l), quj
chs mn`jcpjrshcls,
Bu`dls «ldhrl tjcih dlbfrj» phr
le ejvlctlrsj y «ldhrl yl ch».jc eh prnbjrh quj pnjcslc js
el blülcl,
jc el `hbnml. ^ tlbfnîc js jc eh ñetnbh quj pnjcslc `ulcmh sj l`ujstlc phr
el ch`dj. Pnc jbflrih, jc je bhbjcth mj `hbjr, su `hc`njc`nl l`jr`l mj eh
quj jstìc dl`njcmh sj lcuel y ucl sjcsl`nðc mj mjs`hctrhe sj lphmjrl mj
jeels. Lfshrtls jctrj pjcslbnjcths, sj ltnfhrrlc, snc mlrsj `ujctl mj els
`lctnmlmjs quj ncinrnjrjc, y `lsn snc slfjr eh quj jstìc `hbnjcmh. ^, mj
rjpjctj, `ulcmh sj mlc `ujctl mj quj je pelth jstì bìs enbpnh quj ucl
pltjcl, mjspnjrtlc mj jsj trlc`j jc je quj dlc jstlmh ncbjrsls. L
`hctncul`nðc, sj jc`ujctrlc ble gâsn`lbjctj j ncsltnsgj`dls `hc su lspj`th. El
`hcs`njc`nl js el `elvj plrl rjlenzlr `lbfnhs prhgucmhs y murlmjrhs, `hbh
pjrmjr pjsh l elrih pelzh.
]j phcih uc jajbpeh pjrshcle, ucl sntul`nðc quj bj eejvð l `hbjr
nc`hcs`njctjbjctj. Zc mâl, bnjctrls rjirjslfl mj trlflalr, `lbnclfl
prjh`uplml pjcslcmh jc ucl `hcgjrjc`nl quj tjcâl quj nbplrtnr jc mhs mâls y
quj ch bj dlfâl prjplrlmh. @ulcmh eejiuî l `lsl, bn bjctj bj mj`âl «mjfjs
phcjrtj l trlflalr jc el `hcgjrjc`nl» pjrh htrl plrtj mj bâ bj suinrnð1 «Lctjs
mj jbpjzlr rjeìaltj uc ph`h, phctj l vjr ucl sjrnj jc nctjrcjt l`hbplülml
mj ucls pltltntls, plrl mjs`hcj`tlr». ¸\unîc ilcð8 Jgj`tnvlbjctj, el
sjiucml. Lsâ quj bj sjctî jc je shgì, grjctj l el plctleel y `hc ucl fhesl mj
pltltls jc el blch. Le prnc`npnh jbpj`î l `hbjr sheh leiucls, pjrh l bjmnml
quj je mrlbl mj el sjrnj nfl lubjctlcmh, bn vjeh`nmlm le `hbjr tlbfnîc eh
dl`âl. @hbâl le rntbh mj el trlbl. Ncijrâl snc lpjcls mlrbj `ujctl. Pjiuâl
`hbnjcmh snc tjcjr dlbfrj gâsn`l. @ulcmh el sjrnj tjrbncð, bj mn `ujctl mj
quj bj dlfâl `hbnmh el fhesl mj pltltls jctjrl.
¸^ quî vnch sjiunmlbjctj8 @uepl. Bj j`dî el frhc`l phr dlfjr pjrmnmh je
tnjbph y phr `hbjr `hbnml flsurl. «¡Mjblsnlml sle y irlsl!», jspjtð El Whz.
«]j qujmls snc `jclr, y blülcl ¡l `hbpjcslr jc je inbclsnh!»
@hbâ nc`hcs`njctjbjctj, bj jc`dugî l el plctleel plrl mjs`hcj`tlrbj mj ehs
bjcslajs quj bn `hrlzðc, bn bjctj y bn `ujrph bj blcmlflc. Bj gun l el
`lbl prjh`uplml phr dlfjr prh`rlstnclmh y ch dlfjr lvlczlmh jc bn trlflah.
Mjscutrnml, ch sheh mj `ujrph, snch tlbfnîc mj `hrlzðc.
¸@ðbh dufnjsj
Le rjirjslr mns`urrnmh
l `lsl el bnsbl
mj trlflalr, sntul`nðc, phr
prjh`uplml snjcmh bìs `hcs`njctj8
el `hcgjrjc`nl quj mjfâl
nbplrtnr jc mhs mâls y quj ch bj dlfâl prjplrlmh, bj lsletð je pjcslbnjcth1
«mjfjs phcjrtj l trlflalr jc el `hcgjrjc`nl». Lctjs quj clml, `hbprhfî `ðbh
jstlfl bn bjctj. Wjrngnquî quj jgj`tnvlbjctj jstlfl prjh`uplml phr el
`hcgjrjc`nl. Eujih plsî l hfsjrvlr je jstlmh mj bn `hrlzðc y mjs`ufrâ quj bj
sjctâl uc ph`h shel (y yl tj dj `hctlmh quj ch bj eejvlfl buy fnjc `hc el
shejmlm).
L `hctncul`nðc rjvnsî je jstlmh mj bn jstðblih y mj bns `îeuels, y bj mn
`ujctl mj quj lmjbìs mj jstlr `lcslml, sjctâl bu`dl dlbfrj. @hc`euâ quj
cj`jsntlfl `hbjr leih y rj`nfnr `lrnüh. _jrh `hbh jstlfl shel, el quj tjcâl
quj sltnsgl`jr jstls cj`jsnmlmjs jrl yh bnsbl.
¸@rjjs quj `hiâ trjs rlbntls mj lpnh y els rjbhaî jc tldâc8 ¡Ch! Niulebjctj
gun l phr els pltltls, pjrh jc vjz mj thblrels mnrj`tlbjctj mj el fhesl,
mnspusj ucls 6? pltltls grntls jc uc pelth. Hfsjrvî su `hehr, sus thclenmlmjs
mj blrrðc y mhrlmh, sus ghrbls. Bj l`jrquî ucl l el fh`l y bj mn `ujctl mj
su tjxturl lrruilml le l`lrn`nlr bn ejciul. Chtî ehs `lbfnhs mj tjxturl `ulcmh
el slenvl jctrlfl jc `hctl`th `hc el pltltl. Plfhrjlfl ejctlbjctj el sle jc el
fh`l, mjtjcnîcmhbj uchs ncstlctjs plrl js`u`dlr je shcnmh `ruanjctj quj sj
prhmu`âl le blstn`lrels. Nc`eush chtlfl `ðbh sj mjsenzlfl je lenbjcth phr bn
ilrilctl, trls dlfjreh trnturlmh, y `ðbh el `hbnml jctrlfl jc bn jstðblih.
Dl`nl ucl frjvj plusl jctrj pltltl y pltltl y sjiunmlbjctj `hbâl htrl.
Chtlfl je slfhr mj slelmh quj qujmlfl jctrj bns mjmhs. Pnc el ]W jc`jcmnml.
Pnc aun`nhs, mj fnjc h ble. Mnsgrutlcmh mje pel`jr mj dlfjrels `hbnmh. Pnjcmh
`hcs`njctj mj eh quj jstlfl dl`njcmh. Jc subl, el jxpjrnjc`nl sj lelrið uchs
<? bncuths.
Le tjrbnclr je tjctjbpnî, `hbprhfî mj cujvh `ðbh jstlfl bn jstðblih y bn
`ujrph jc ijcjrle. Chtî quj tjcâl sjm y quj sjiuâl dlbfrnjctl. _hr eh quj bj
prjplrî uc fujc zubh y el `jcl. ]rls cutrnr bns `îeuels js`u`dlcmh eh quj bn
`ujrph bj pjmâl, rjvnsî `ðbh jstlflc bn bjctj y bn `hrlzðc. Pjiuâl `lcslml
bjctlebjctj, trls jsj mâl `lcslmh. Lsâ quj jc euilr mj ghrzlrbj l prjplrlr el
`hcgjrjc`nl ”`hbh dlfrâl dj`dh jc htrls h`lsnhcjs, mhbnclml phr El Whz”
mj`nmâ l`hstlrbj y phcjrbj l trlflalr l el blülcl sniunjctj, `hc el bjctj y
je `ujrph mjs`lcslmhs.
Lctjs mj mhrbnr, dn`j ucl eelblml l bn plrjal plrl mjsjlrej fujcls ch`djs j
nrbj uc ph`h bìs lrrhplml jbh`nhclebjctj. Bj l`hstî `hc el bjctj, je
`ujrph y je `hrlzðc sjrjchs y mhrbâ jstupjcmlbjctj.
Jc lbfhs `lshs ch lvlc`î `hc el `hcgjrjc`nl quj tjcâl pjcmnjctj, pjrh quî
mngjrjc`nl l`hstlrbj mj ucl blcjrl h mj htrl, ¸vjrmlm8 ¸Jc quî sntul`nðc
`rjjs quj gun bìs jgn`njctj y trlflaî bìs l iusth le mâl sniunjctj8 _hr
supujsth, jc el quj js`u`dî els mngjrjctjs plrtjs mj bn sjr y els cutrâ `hbh
bj pjmâlc.
Leiuchs lsnstjctjs l bns `dlrels y `urshs bj prjiuctlc1 ¸Pn bjmnth
lmjeilzlrî8 Bnh`upl
`râtn`h nctjrnhr) rjspujstl
jc tujs quj mjs`jcmjrì
bjctj sn bjmntls, yjejsth
jspl`nh qujphsntnvlbjctj
lgj`tlrì El Whz (el mjel
tu rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml y `hctnih. Le sjctnrtj bjahr, tjcmrìs bjchs lcsnjmlm
phr `hbjr y rj`urrnrìs bjchs l el `hbnml `hbh plr`dj jbh`nhcle. ^, jc
`hcsj`ujc`nl, pujmj quj lmjeil`js. Je bncmguecjss lpen`lmh l el lenbjctl`nðc
ch hgrj`j lmjeilzlr, snch `lbfnlr el rjel`nðc quj tnjcjs `hc el `hbnml.
Lmjbìs, jstì mjbhstrlmh quj el bjmntl`nðc lubjctl el l`tnvnmlm jc je ìrjl
mje `jrjfrh rjsphcslfej mje luth`hctrhe y mj el thbl mj mj`nsnhcjs.
Je rjth mj dhy js quj jenals ucl `hbnml mje mâl y, jc euilr mj `hbjr bnjctrls
rjsphcmjs jblnes
@ulcmh `hbls, ch ydlils
bjcslajs,
clml tj hfeniujs
bìs. l dl`jr
@hc`îctrltj jcucl shel mj
je l`th `hsl`hbjr
l el yvjz.
je
prh`jsh mj blstn`lr. Plfhrjl ehs lenbjcths, chtl `ðbh el `hbnml sj nctrhmu`j
jc tu `ujrph. @hc`îmjej tnjbph l tu `jrjfrh plrl quj rj`nfl je bjcslaj mj
sl`njmlm `ulcmh dlyls `hbnmh sugn`njctj.
Els mnjtls shc chrbls jxtjrcls quj tj mjs`hcj`tlc lñc bìs mj tn. Lülmjc
bìs nc`hcs`njc`nl mj eh quj jstì su`jmnjcmh jc tn. Nbpen`lc quj sjls
hfjmnjctj y, phr tlcth, nrrjsphcslfej.
Lplrjctjbjctj, lucquj `rjâl quj mhbnclfl el sntul`nðc, jc rjlenmlm ch
tjcâl `hctrhe leiuch mj bns pjcslbnjcths, quj jstlflc tnrlcnzlmhs phr el
`hbnml.
@N@EH PJCPL@NÐC
Lenbjctl`nðc rjstrn`tnvl 2 «Jsthy flah `hctrhe»
Ehs jxtrjbhs sj th`lc y snjbprj quj dly `hctrhe, tlrmj h tjbprlch dlfrì
mjs`hctrhe. _hr jeeh els mnjtls ch shc shstjcnfejs jc je tnjbph. Jsth eh pujmjs
vjrngn`lr jc bñetnpejs lspj`ths mj el vnml1 jc ehs ihfnjrchs quj jajr`jc
`hctrhe, jc ehs bltrnbhcnhs, jc plmrjs quj `hctrhelc bu`dh l sus dnahs h jc
els mnjtls.prnvl`nðc
el bnsbl Je jgj`thtjrjfhtj
ijcjrljsphr
ncdjrjctj l `ulequnjr
ehs lenbjcths rîinbjc, phr je mjsjh quj
prhdnfnmhs.
Lmjbìs, jc el vnml rjle jstlbhs `hcstlctjbjctj jxpujsths l jstâbuehs quj
chs eejvlrìc l tnrlreh thmh phr el fhrml.
Jc el htrl puctl mje pîcmueh, jc`hctrlbhs je mjshrmjc, je shfrjpjsh, ch
jstlbhs `hbh qujrjbhs jstlr y pjrmjbhs el sleum.
@N@EH PJCPL@NÐC
@hbjr jc jx`jsh 2 «Jsthy gujrl mj `hctrhe»
Mj rjirjsh l tu `jctrh
¸@hch`js l leiunjc quj sj lenbjctl mj blcjrl ncstnctnvl8 Bj rjgnjrh l jsj
tnph mj pjrshcl l el quj jcvnmnls phr el gl`nenmlm quj tnjcj plrl `hbjr eh quj
qunjrj, `ulcmh qunjrj. Nc`eunmls thmls jsls `hbnmls quj tñ, l plrtnr mj ehs
prj`jpths mj els mnjtls, dls `elsngn`lmh `hbh «blels». Jsls pjrshcls ch
tnjcjc ucl rjel`nðc mnsguc`nhcle `hc el `hbnml. Ch `ujctlc els `lehrâls mj eh
quj `hbjc. Ch tnjcjc
dlc `hbphrtlmh `hc el mâls «fujchs»
`hbnml, cn mâls phrquj
fìsn`lbjctj «blehs»chjctnjcjc
guc`nðc mj `ðbhquj
lenbjcths sj
ch pujmlc `hbjr. ^, snc jbflrih, pjrblcj`jc jc su pjsh nmjle. Els pjrshcls
quj `hbjc mj ghrbl ncstnctnvl sj ufn`lc jc bjmnh mje pîcmueh1 tnjcjc pejcl
`hcgnlczl jc su `ujrph y jc sâ bnsbls.
Jsthy sjiurl mj quj tnjcjs leiunjc `jr`lch lsâ, quj ihzl mj thtle enfjrtlm
lctj el `hbnml. ]le vjz, lctj su prjsjc`nl dls sjctnmh `hbpejahs phrquj `rjjs
quj cuc`l phmrìs pjrbntnrtj `hbjr lsâ. \unzì dls pjcslmh quj tj jc`lctlrâl
phmjr dl`jr jsth pjrh quj tñ ch tj eh pujmjs pjrbntnr, phrquj tu
bjtlfhensbh js ejcth h phrquj ch tnjcjs gujrzl mj vheuctlm. _jrh el rjlenmlm
js quj thmhs cl`jbhs `hc jsl `lpl`nmlm mj lenbjctl`nðc nctuntnvl.
@N@EH PJCPL@NÐC
Lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj 2 «Jsthy l `lrih mj bn lenbjctl`nðc»
Jctrj ehs mhs jxtrjbhs mje pîcmueh rjsnmjc el lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj y el
luthrrjiuel`nðc. Mjalbhs mj elmh els ncstru``nhcjs jxtjrcls plrl vhevjr l
`hcgnlr jc el slfnmurâl mj cujstrh `ujrph, mj cujstrl nctun`nðc, mj cujstrl
vjrmlmjrl jsjc`nl. Jstlbhs l `lrih mj cujstrl lenbjctl`nðc.
Jc jstj enfrh ch tj dlfeh mj cutrn`nðc cn mj `lehrâls phrquj `ulcmh sheh chs
`jctrlbhs jc je jxtjrnhr ch sheu`nhclbhs cn lprjcmjbhs clml. El `elvj plrl
rjirjslr l el `hcgnlczl rjsnmj jc `lbfnlr je gh`h mj ltjc`nðc, jc euilr mj plrl
gujrl. @hbh mn`j Ehunsj Dly61 «El sleum jbpnjzl phr eh quj pnjcsls y tjrbncl
phr eh quj snjctjs».
Jsthy sjiurl mj quj `njrths lenbjcths shc nrrjsnstnfejs plrl tn. Jshs lenbjcths
quj, `hc sheh vjrehs, tj dl`jc lflelczlrtj shfrj jeehs, lucquj ch tjcils
dlbfrj. Plfjs jxl`tlbjctj `uìejs shc. Jcubjrl tus glvhrnths jc tu enstl
cjirl, sn shc mj blr`ls `hc`rjtls h mj slfhrjs `hc`rjths, lchtl thmhs ehs
mjtleejs.
^ js`rnfj tlbfnîc `nc`h sj`rjths quj ch dlyls `hbplrtnmh `hc clmnj, jc
rjel`nðc l el `hbnml. @hsls quj dls dj`dh h dls mjalmh mj dl`jr phr prnhrnzlr
`hbjr, bjctnrls h qunzìs nbprumjc`nls. Ch sj trltl mj sjctnrtj ble,
snbpejbjctj jxprîsleh.
¸@ðbh `hbjc8
@hbjc mnstrlâmhs, phr el vnstl, rìpnmh, bnrlcmh el ]W, `lbnclcmh h mj pnj. Ch
`rjjc quj `hbjr sjl sugn`njctjbjctj nbphrtlctj `hbh plrl mjmn`lrej je
tnjbph quj sj bjrj`j. (_hr `njrth, `ulcmh `hbjbhs mj pnj, plrl je `jrjfrh
jsl `hbnmlsujejc
]lbfnîc ch `hbputl,
`hbjr js `hbh sn
l shels, l ch el rjinstrlrl).
js`hcmnmls, mj ghrbl mngjrjctj l `ulcmh
jstìc jc pñfen`h.
¸@uìcth `hbjc8
Pn je dlbfrj ch guj eh quj ejs ncmn`ð quî `hbjr, tlbph`h el sjcsl`nðc mj
sltnsgl``nðc sjrì eh quj ejs dlrì plrlr mj `hbjr. @hbh jbpnjzlc l `hbjr phr
rlzhcjs mnstnctls le dlbfrj, eh quj ejs dl`j plrlr js leiñc gl`thr jxtjrch1
• @ulcmh ejs lsletl el `uepl.
• @ulcmh sj snjctjc jbpl`dlmhs, lmhrbj`nmhs y mjslirlmlfejbjctj eejchs.
• @ulcmh el fhesl sj tjrbncl h je pelth sj qujml enbpnh.
• @ulcmh leiunjc ejs nctjrrubpj.
• @ulcmh sj l`lfl el pjeâ`uel quj jstlflc vnjcmh.
•…
¸L mðcmj vl su jcjriâl8
¸@hbjr lsâ `lusl `lcslc`nh h ml jcjriâl8 ¸\uî prj`nh sj plil8
Jstls pjrshcls mjstnclc ucl irlc `lctnmlm mj jcjriâl l el `hbnml pjrh
rj`upjrlc buy ph`l. ^h bj plslfl irlc plrtj mje mâl pjcslcmh jc quî nfl l
`hbjr, quî dlfâl `hbnmh, sn eh dlfâl dj`dh ble, quî tjcâl quj `hbprlr mj
`hbjr, y jc quj blülcl rjthblrâl je `hctrhe mj cujvh. ^ tlbfnîc jbpejlfl
bu`dl jcjriâl jc sjctnrbj `ueplfej, lrrjpjctnml, lvjrihczlml y jc dl`jr
mjphrtj `hbh uc `lstnih h plrl `hbpjcslr.
@ulcmh uch sj jc`ujctrl jc`jrrlmh jc jstj `âr`ueh, `rjj quj el sheu`nðc js
phcjrsj l mnjtl. Lsâ quj utnenzl bìs jcjriâl plrl jc`hctrlr el sniunjctj mnjtl
bnelirhsl y jc prhbjtjrsj quj le mâl sniunjctj eh dlrìc fnjc. _jrh le mâl
sniunjctj dlfrìc cujvhs mjthclctjs, jbh`nhclejs h gâsn`hs, quj ej vhevjrìc l
eejvlr l `hbjr.
L thmh jstj mjspneglrrh mj jcjriâl sj ej subl je dj`dh, yl `hbjctlmh, mj quj
je `ujrph lebl`jcl el jcjriâl shfrlctj plrl sjr utnenzlml bìs tlrmj, eh `ule
dl`j quj jstjbhs bjchs l`tnvhs y bìs pjslmhs. Cn quj mj`nr tnjcj je dj`dh
mj quj el guc`nðc mje `ujrph dublch quj `hcsubj bìs jcjriâl js el
mnijstnðc. ]rls ucl `hbnml `hpnhsl, cujstrh `ujrph chs pnmj mjs`lcslr
phrquj cj`jsntl rjelalrsj plrl quj thmls els jcjriâls jstîc `hc`jctrlmls jc
mnijrnr ehs lenbjcths.
Ldhrl vlbhs l hfsjrvlr `ðbh hpjrl el bjctlenmlm mnjtl `hc je `âr`ueh mj
bncmgue jltnci1
Dìfnths mj els pjrshcls quj `hbjc rjstrn`tnvlbjctj
Je `hbjr rjstrn`tnvlbjctj `hctrhel els vnmls mj jstls pjrshcls. @elsngn`lc el
`hbnml `hbh fujcl h blel (sjiñc sn jcihrml h ch, sn js sleumlfej h ch) y sj
jtnqujtlc l sâ bnsbls `hbh fujcls h blels jc guc`nðc mj eh quj dlc `hbnmh
h sjiñc `uìcth pjslc. @ulcmh `hbjtjc jx`jshs, sj snjctjc buy ble y dl`jc
jajr`n`nh gâsn`h râinmlbjctj plrl `hbpjcslr.
¸_lrl quî `hbjc8
_hrquj th`l, yl sjl phrquj eh mn`jc els rjiels mj uc jxpjrth, el mnjtl h sus
prhpnls rjiels luthnbpujstls.
¸@uìcmh `hbjc8
Jc euilr mj mj`nmnr `uìcmh `hbjr sjiñc els sjcsl`nhcjs gâsn`ls mj dlbfrj, eh
dl`jc `ulcmh eh mn`tl el mnjtl (: vj`js le mâl, `hbjr bu`dh plrl mjslyuclr, ch
`hbjr clml mjspuîs mj el tlrmj…). Ch sj dl`jc `lrih mj sus prhpnls
mj`nsnhcjs phrquj els `jmjc l ucl luthrnmlm jxtjrcl.
¸\uî `hbjc8
@hbjc eh quj ejs ncmn`l el mnjtl ( % mj prhtjâcl, % mj irlsls, cnciñc
`lrfhdnmrlth, thblr uc vlsh mj liul lctjs mj `hbjr…).
¸@ðbh `hbjc8
@hbjc mj ghrbl trnstj, lfurrnml, `hbh uc trìbntj quj dly quj plslr h `hc
lvnmjz phr je mîgn`nt `leðrn`h quj jxpjrnbjctlc l `lusl mj sjiunr ucls plutls
jxtjrcls. Ch `hbjc niule quj ehs mjbìs, `hbjc snc dlbfrj h dlbfrnjctls,
snc quj sjl mj su lirlmh, blstn`lcmh 0? vj`js… Dl`jr mnjtl `hcvnjrtj ehs
lenbjcths sleumlfejs jc leih mjtjstlfej.
¸@uìcth `hbjc8
El `lctnmlm quj ejs pjrbntj el mnjtl, quj mjfjc pjslr `hc el fìs`uel y
rjinstrlr le mjtleej. @hbh je `hctrhe ch js shstjcnfej l elrih pelzh y `hbh l
bjcumh el ncijstl mj lenbjcths js ncsugn`njctj, je ijc ldhrrh ejs eejvl l
sletlrsj els rjiels, l plslr le mjs`hctrhe, l `hbjr bu`dl bìs `lctnmlm quj sn
sj pjrbntnjrlc `hbjr mj ghrbl nctuntnvl. @hc el `eìsn`l austngn`l`nðc mj «]htle,
sn yl eh dj dj`dh ble, eh dlih ble mje thmh».
¸Lmðcmj vl su jcjriâl8
Mjmn`lc su jcjriâl l dl`jr `hctjc`nðc, `hctrhelr, sjctnr dlbfrj y ch `hbjr,
sjctnr `ueplfnenmlm, dl`jr jajr`n`nh gâsn`h `hbh `lstnih h `hbpjcsl`nðc phr
dlfjr `hbnmh leih `lengn`lmh `hbh «bleh», l lflcmhclr el mnjtl, l jbpjzlrel
mj cujvh… Js uc mjsilstj jchrbj jc je pelch bjctle, jbh`nhcle y gâsn`h.
_nîcsleh, ¸`ðbh js tu vnml `ulcmh jstìs l mnjtl8
_hr ñetnbh, vlbhs l lclenzlr je `âr`ueh mje Bncmgue jltnci mjsmj el pjrspj`tnvl
mj els pjrshcls quj `hbjc ncstnctnvlbjctj y quj, `urnhslbjctj, plrj`j quj
sjlc «clturlebjctj» mjeilmls.
Dìfnths mj els pjrshcls quj `hbjc mj blcjrl ncstnctnvl
¸_lrl quî `hbjc8
Jstls pjrshcls `hbjc fìsn`lbjctj plrl mjalr mj tjcjr dlbfrj, plrl
prhphr`nhclr `hbfustnfej le `ujrph h plrl cutrnreh.
¸@uìcmh `hbjc8
0
Niule
ejs qujmj
lvnsl ehs`uìcmh
cnühs, jstìc `hcj`tlmls
cj`jsntlc `hbjr,`hc
mjucl jspj`nj
bhmh quj mj sjcshr
`hbjc nctjrch
`ulcmh quj
tnjcjc
dlbfrj (`ulcmh snjctjc els sjülejs gâsn`ls mj dlbfrj rjle) y el `hbnml jstì
mnsphcnfej.
¸\uî `hbjc8
Jstls pjrshcls ch dlc sugrnmh je elvlmh mj `jrjfrh mj els mnjtls, phr eh quj
ch dlc lprjcmnmh l `elsngn`lr ehs lenbjcths `hbh fujchs h blehs. Pj pjrbntjc
`hbjr eh quj ejs lpjtj`j h eh quj cj`jsntlc. ]lbfnîc jenijc lqujeeh quj sjl
bìs cutrntnvh plrl su `ujrph, lucquj sus jej``nhcjs ch snjbprj shc
sleumlfejs.
¸@ðbh `hbjc8
Ch `hbjc `hbpuesnvlbjctj, snch jc `lebl, qunzì vlc dlfelcmh y mjalcmh
ehs `ufnjrths jc je pelth, snc lprjsurlrsj y slfhrjlcmh ehs lenbjcths. @hbjc
`hc el nctjc`nðc mj sjctnrsj bjahr `ulcmh dlylc tjrbnclmh.
¸Leiucl vjz dls `hbplrtnmh ucl `hbnml `hc leiunjc lsâ8 ^h bj nbpl`njctlfl
bu`dâsnbh `hc jstj tnph mj l`hbplülctjs, pujs tjcâl quj grjclr bn lcsnl phr
zlbplr rìpnmh, bnjctrls bn l`hbplülctj `hbâl l su rntbh, `dlrelcmh,
mjspl`nh… ¡Bj sjctâl ucl ihrml!
¸@uìcth `hbjc8
Pu sjcshr nctjrch mn`tl el `lctnmlm, phrquj ejs lvnsl mj `uìcmh jstìc
sltnsgj`dls,
quj qujmjc`hcghrtlfejbjctj
rjsths jc je pelth.eejcls. Mjalc mj `hbjr ncmjpjcmnjctjbjctj mj
Lctjs, `ulcmh pjcmuelfl mje `hctrhe le mjs`hctrhe, ch phmâl jvntlr prjiuctlr1
¸ch tj eh vls l tjrbnclr8 Pnjbprj bj `hbâl ehs rjsths quj mjalflc jstj tnph
mj pjrshcls.
Jc `lsh mj quj dlylc tjrbnclmh el `hbnml y snilc tjcnjcmh dlbfrj, rjpntjc
snc prhfejbl cn rjbhrmnbnjcths. _ujmj su`jmjr quj jc h`lsnhcjs `hblc bìs
mj el `ujctl. Jsth tlbfnîc ghrbl plrtj mj el lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj. El
mngjrjc`nl js quj ch sj snjctjc `ueplfejs phr dlfjr `hbnmh mj bìs, ch sj
bl`dl`lc mn`nîcmhsj `hsls mje tnph «yl eh dls dj`dh ble htrl vjz, blülcl ch
`hbjs y tj vls le inbclsnh l rj`upjrlr». Jc euilr mj `lstnilrsj j nctjctlr
`hbpjcslr, sj luthrrjiuelc
sniunjctj `hbnml. mjchghrbl
_jrh ncsnsth, clturle,
eh dl`jc phr mj
l bhmh jajbpeh,
`lstnih,sletìcmhsj el
snch phrquj
sjc`neelbjctj su `ujrph ch cj`jsntl `hbjr bìs.
¸L mðcmj vl su jcjriâl8
@hbh ch sj mjfnentlc pjcslcmh jc el `hbnml, tnjcjc bu`dl jcjriâl
mnsphcnfej. El mjmn`lc l mnvjrtnrsj, l sus prhyj`ths, l trlflalr, l dl`jr
jajr`n`nh, l el lbnstlm h l `ulequnjr htrl l`tnvnmlm quj ch inrj jc thrch l el
`hbnml. Jstj jstneh mj vnml l`tnvh (quj ch cj`jslrnlbjctj tnjcj quj nbpen`lr
dl`jr mjphrtj) dl`j quj sj blctjcilc jc fujcl ghrbl gâsn`l.
Nblincl sheh phr uc bhbjcth `ðbh sjrâl tu vnml snc hfsjsnhclrtj `hc el
mnjtl, cn `hc je `ujrph, cn `hc el `hbnml. ¸]j nblincls tjcjr ucl rjel`nðc <?? %
jc plz `hc el `hbnml8 ¸\uî dlrâls `hc thml el jcjriâl y je tnjbph mje quj
mnsphcmrâls8 ¸^ `hc thmh je mncjrh quj mjalrâls mj ilstlr jc prhmu`ths
mnjtîtn`hs y bîthmhs8 ]le vjz pnjcsjs quj tñ cuc`l phmrìs pjrtjcj`jr le
iruph mj prnvnejinlmhs quj `hbjc mj ghrbl nctuntnvl y quj jc`nbl jstìc
mjeilmhs, pjrh tj lsjiurh snc bnjmh l jqunvh`lrbj quj sn prl`tn`ls els plutls
mj jstj prhirlbl, phmrìs eejilr l `hbjr mj blcjrl ncstnctnvl y jc plz.
Dlbfrj
L snbpej mj
vnstlhâmh
pujmj plrj`jr quj je shcnmh tnjcj uc js`lsh nbpl`th shfrj
cujstrl dlbfrj. _jrh nbliâcltj quj jctrls jc je `ncj, `hc je jstðblih eejch l
rjfhslr phrquj l`lfls mj mlrtj ucl `hpnhsl `hbnml. Le l`hbhmlrtj jc el
futl`l (y trls lgehalr je fhtðc mje plctleðc) js`u`dls je `ruanmh mj els
plehbntls quj blstn`lc ehs quj tj rhmjlc jc el slel.
¸Plfâls quj je sjctnmh mje hâmh prh`jsl ehs shcnmhs snc `jslr y snc cj`jsnmlm
mj quj chs `hc`jctrjbhs jc el gujctj quj ehs prhmu`j8 _hr jajbpeh, je
sjctnmh mj el vnstl rjqunjrj quj lfrlbhs ehs hahs y bnrjbhs plrl prh`jslr els
nbìijcjs. Jc `lbfnh, je hâmh eh js`u`dl thmh `hcstlctjbjctj, nc`eush
bnjctrls jstlbhs mhrbnmhs.
Dlbfrj mj heglth
¸Plfâls quj je hehr js rjsphcslfej mj `hbh bâcnbh je 9: % mj eh quj
mjchbnclbhs slfhr8 Js mj`nr, quj eh quj eelblbhs slfhr h iusth, js, shfrj
thmh, je hehr mj el `hbnml. Pjiurh quj sn dls pjrmnmh je sjctnmh mje heglth phr
uc rjsgrnlmh, slfjs l quî bj rjgnjrh. El `hbnml sj `hcvnjrtj jc leih ncsâpnmh
quj snbpejbjctj tnjcjs quj `hcsubnr plrl cutrnr tu `ujrph.
@njrtlbjctjy rj`ujrmhs.
sjcsl`nhcjs je sjctnmh«Jsmje<?.???
heglthvj`js
js uc
bìsirlc jvh`lmhr
sjcsnfej mj jbh`nhcjs,
quj `ulequnjr htrh mj
cujstrhs sjctnmhs y, l mngjrjc`nl mj htrhs sjctnmhs ”quj lctjs mj eejilr le
`jrjfrh mjfjc vnlalr phr je `ujrph l trlvîs mj els cjurhcls y el jspncl mhrsle
”, el rjspujstl heglthrnl js ncbjmnltl y sj jxtnjcmj mnrj`tlbjctj le `jrjfrh.
Jstj js je ñcn`h euilr mhcmj cujstrh snstjbl cjrvnhsh `jctrle jstì
mnrj`tlbjctj jxpujsth le lbfnjctj»:.
_njcsl uc bhbjcth jc je hehr `lrl`tjrâstn`h mj ucl js`ujel mj cnühs. H mj uc
`hcsuethrnh bîmn`h. H jc je mj tu `hbnml glvhrntl. ^ ldhrl jc je hehr mj eh quj
bjchs tj iustl. ]j trlcsphrtl mnrj`tlbjctj.
Els jbprjsls slfjc pjrgj`tlbjctj quj ehs hehrjs lprhpnlmhs chs dl`jc
`hbprlr bìs. Bu`dhs supjrbjr`lmhs mjsvâlc el slenml mje lnrj mj el
plclmjrâl dl`nl el pujrtl mj jctrlml mje jstlfej`nbnjcth, plrl quj eh prnbjrh
quj pjr`nflc ehs `enjctjs le jctrlr sjl je lrhbl l plc rj`nîc dj`dh (h bjahr
mn`dh, rj`nîc mjs`hcijelmh), mjspjrtlr lsâ su dlbfrj hegltnvl y dl`jrejs
`hbprlr bìs.
JAJV@N@NH1 Lenbjctl tu dlbfrj mj heglth
Je dlbfrj hegltnvl sj sltnsgl`j `hc els grlilc`nls, lsâ quj, plrl lenbjctlrel,
pujmjs `heh`lr lirlmlfejs lrhbls jc pjqujühs rj`npnjctjs (phr jajbpeh,
jspj`nls `hbh cujz bhs`lml, `lcjel, h dnjrfls lrhbìtn`ls, vlncneel, nc`njcsh,
jt`.). Ncdlel `lml grlilc`nl, nblinclcmh quj tj cutrj. Ch sj trltl mj lmnvnclr
mj quî lrhbls sj trltl cn mj auzilr sn tj iustlc h ch. Pnbpejbjctj, gâaltj jc
quî pjr`nfjs `hc tu sjctnmh, sn leiucls grlilc`nls `lbfnlc tu jstlmh mj ìcnbh
h sn sj prhmu`j leiñc `lbfnh jc tn.
Dlbfrj vnsule
`ðrtlel lJc
`hehrjs. rhmlals y `heð`lel
je `ursh jc ucl
ejs hgrjz`h l bnsflcmjal,
leubchs`hbfncìcmhel
ucls clrlcals`hc htrlsy grutls
jctjrls mj
ejs pnmh
quj jvleñjc je dlbfrj vnsule quj tnjcjc phr jeels. Pjiunmlbjctj, ejs bujstrh
ucl flcmjal mj clrlcals fnjc `hrtlmntls y mnspujstls, `hc gruths rhahs mj
mj`hrl`nðc. Ejs pnmh mj cujvh quj jvleñjc su dlbfrj mj vnstl y, `hbh
pujmjs nblinclr, sufj flstlctjs pucths.
_njcsl jc quî `hsls shc djrbhsls plrl tn y lenbjctl tu bnrlml `hc jeels. Ch
nbphrtl mj quî hfajth sj trltj, pujmjc sjr ehs pîtlehs mj ucl gehr, uc `ulmrh,
ucl lctniõjmlm, uc plnslaj, uc lplrlth, tjels vlrnlmls, els thclenmlmjs mj
vjrmj mj els dhals… Eh nbphrtlctj js quj tj mjtjcils l hfsjrvlreh
ltjctlbjctj murlctj uchs bncuths. Jsth js uc jctrjclbnjcth plrl quj tu
bnrlml jstî ltjctl jc tu vnml mnlrnl. _hrquj `ulcmh bnrlbhs mj vjrmlm, els
`hsls sj vujevjc djrbhsls.
@lml vjz quj tj bnrjs le jspjah, mn jc vhz letl (h susñrrleh sn ch qunjrjs quj
tj hnilc)1 «]j lbh (y tu chbfrj)». Bârltj mj vjrmlm l ehs hahs, snjcmh
`hcs`njctj mj eh quj tj mn`js. Dlzeh `lml mâl (bâcnbh ucl vjz) h `lml vjz quj
tj bnrjs jc je jspjah).
L bu`dhs mj bns leubchs jstj jajr`n`nh ejs `rjl rj`dlzh h bj jxpen`lc quj
ch qunjrjc dl`jreh phrquj ch sj eh `rjjc. L bâ tlbfnîc bj plsð `ulcmh eh
pusj jc prì`tn`l phr prnbjrl vjz. Bj cjilfl l dl`jreh phrquj bj plrj`âl
mjblsnlmh lebnflrlmh. Pn l tn tlbfnîc tj dl mlmh uc ltlquj mj
dnpjrieu`jbnl, mîalbj mj`nrtj quj thmh jsth shc jx`usls, rjsnstjc`nls. Jsthy
sjiurl mj quj jrjs `lplz mj mj`nrej «]j lbh» h «]j qunjrh» l leiunjc.
Jcthc`js,
Je jspjah¸phr quî mj`ârtjeh
tj bujstrl eh qujl snjctjs
tn tj `ujstl tlcth trlflah8
rjspj`th l tn. ]j pjrbntj bnrlrtj l ehs
hahs y tj mjvujevj ehs lspj`ths quj dls mj `lbfnlr plrl `rjlr lbhr y
sltnsgl``nðc jc tu vnml. Pn qunjrjs supjrlr je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle, js
gucmlbjctle quj jbpnj`js l trlflalr je lbhr y el l`jptl`nðc dl`nl tn. Jstj
sjc`neeh pjrh phmjrhsh jajr`n`nh js uc prnbjr plsh plrl jbpjzlr l `uetnvlr el
luth`hbplsnðc. Je pjcslbnjcth js jcjriâl y ehs bjcslajs cjiltnvhs quj tj
elczl El Whz `ulcmh tj bnrls le jspjah («hmnh tu flrrnil», « busehs ihrmhs»,
«mjtjsth bn clrnz thr`nml») tnjcjc uc jgj`th cjiltnvh shfrj tu hrilcnsbh. Jc
`lbfnh, el jcjriâl mj el fhcmlm tnjcj jgj`ths phsntnvhs.
Dlbfrj mj fh`l
Pn tj gnals jc ehs fjfîs, je prnbjr sjctnmh quj mjslrrheelc js je «tl`th» mj el
fh`l. Ehs elfnhs, el ejciul y el pjr`jp`nðc mje slfhr nctjrvnjcjc jc cujstrls
prnbjrls rjel`nhcjs
mnrj`tlbjctj, el fh`l `hc el `hbnml.
js lmn`tl Je iusth pel`jctjrls.
l els sjcsl`nhcjs chs `hcj`tl `hc je pel`jr
Bu`dhs mj bns `enjctjs l`umjc l bâ phrquj su prhfejbl js quj «ejs jc`lctl
`hbjr». _jrh `ulcmh ejs prjiucth ¸`ðbh `hbjs dlfntulebjctj8, bj mn`jc
quj mjvhrlc, thmh pl„ mjctrh, snc `lsn blstn`lr. Ch jxpjrnbjctlr el `hbnml `hc
el fh`l, ch prh`jslr ehs slfhrjs, cn els tjxturls, cn je pel`jr… ¸Js jsh mnsgrutlr
rjlebjctj mj el `hbnml8
Mjgncntnvlbjctj ch. Js sltnsgl`jr htrls `hsls. _lrl sjctnrchs rjlebjctj
sltnsgj`dhs le `hbjr, ch chs phmjbhs enbntlr l bjtjr `hbnml jc el fh`l y
trlilrel, snc js`u`dlr els sjülejs quj cujstrh `ujrph chs jcvâl. El fh`l js el
ble`rnlml mj el `lsl y sn jstlbhs flah el tnrlcâl mj sus `lprn`dhs, chs eh
`hbjrjbhs
uc ðrilch mjthmh
purhy mjsjh,
eujih chs sjctnrjbhs
qunjrj pel`jr y mjblsnlmh eejchs.
snjbprj qujrrì _hrquj el fh`l js
bìs.
Zcl mj els `elvjs js jmu`lr l el fh`l plrl quj sjl `hcs`njctj mje iusth, mje
pel`jr, le `hbjr, mj el pjr`jp`nðc mje slfhr. Jc mjgncntnvl, pjrbntnrtj
jxpjrnbjctlr pel`jr, pjrh snjcmh `hcs`njctj mj quî js eh quj tj pnmj tu fh`l,
mj eh quj su`jmj jc jeel bnjctrls `hbjs, jstlcmh prjsjctj, snc `ueplfnenmlm.
Js `hbh mj`nrej1 «Mj l`ujrmh fh`l, tj vhy l mlr pel`jr, pjrh ch `hbh tñ eh
qunjrjs».
Dlbfrj jsthbl`le-`jeuelr
Je dlbfrj jsthbl`le js je tnph mj dlbfrj bìs fìsn`h y sj ml `ulcmh tus
rjsjrvls mj jcjriâl jstìc flals y tus `îeuels pnmjc bìs `hbfustnfej plrl
sjiunr blctjcnîcmhtj `hc `lehr y vnml. ¸Wjrmlm quj `ulcmh tnjcjs grâh,
snjctjs bìs dlbfrj8 Jsth h`urrj phrquj cj`jsntls `lehrâls quj qujblr h
ilclr leiuchs knehs mj irlsl lnselctj plrl `lejctlrtj.
@ulcmh ch qujml `hbnml jc tu jstðblih, tus dhrbhcls, cjurhpîptnmhs y
cjurhtrlcsbnshrjs nctjrl`tñlc jc je snstjbl mnijstnvh y jc je `jrjfrh, plrl
jstnbuelr je lpjtnth y dl`jr quj `hbls. _jrh sn nichrls `hcstlctjbjctj els
sjülejs quj tu sjcshr nctjrch jcvâl plrl ncmn`lrtj `uìcmh `hbjr y `uìcmh
mjalr mj `hbjr ”phrquj sniujs els mnrj`trn`js mj ucl mnjtl” mjals mj slfjr
sn dls le`lczlmh el sl`njmlm h ch. _hr jajbpeh, l bâ bj h`urrnð quj snjbprj
bj sjctâl dlbfrnjctl phrquj `hbâl phr mjflah mj eh cj`jslrnh, eh quj bj
eejvlfl l jpnshmnhs mj jx`jsh mj `hbnml. Lmjbìs, els rj`jtls quj bj dl`âl
jrlc tlc lfurrnmls j ncsuesls quj ch bj cutrâl fnjc, bj qujmlfl ncsltnsgj`dl
y¸\uî
ch sl`nlfl bn vjrmlmjrh
sâcthbls lpjtnth.tus `îeuels jstìc flals mj jcjriâl8 @hbh
tnjcjs `ulcmh
`hbjctlfl le prnc`npnh mje `lpâtueh, leiucls pjrshcls nmjctngn`lc je dlbfrj
jc je jstðblih buy gì`nebjctj, pujs jstj jbntj runmhs, snjctjc `hbh uc
liuajrh, rjthrtnahcjs h blejstlr. Jc `lbfnh, l htrls ejs `ujstl bìs chtlr je
dlbfrj jsthbl`le. Leiuchs mj bns leubchs ch pjr`nfjc cnciucl sjüle mj
dlbfrj. @hbjc phrquj th`l `hbjr. Pn js tu `lsh, je rjth sjrì vhevjr l jstlr jc
sncthcâl `hc els sjülejs gâsn`ls mj dlbfrj rjle, sjctnr je dlbfrj `hrphrle, ch
sheh els sjülejs mj dlbfrj mje jstðblih, snch mj thmh je `ujrph.
_njcsl jc sntul`nhcjs jc quj dl eejilmh el dhrl mj `hbjr pjrh ch pujmjs
`hbjr phr je bhtnvh quj sjl. ¸\uî dl`j tu jstðblih8 Pn ch eh lenbjctls l el
dhrl qujlth`l,
phrquj, iruüj.
trlvîs Je jstðblih
mj cujstrhs pnmj
dìfnths `hbjr l el ej
lenbjctlrnhs, bnsbl dhrl
djbhs thmhs ehs
jcsjülmh mâls,
`uìcmh
tjcjr dlbfrj. Eh djbhs `hcmn`nhclmh l `hbjr jc dhrlrnhs rjiuelrjs. _rujfl
mj jeeh js quj `ulcmh chs bumlbhs mj plâs, y lmhptlbhs htrhs dhrlrnhs y
dìfnths lenbjctlrnhs, je jstðblih sj lmlptl y ruij l el cujvl dhrl. H sn leiucl
vjz dls trltlmh mj lyuclr, ehs rjthrtnahcjs y ehs iruünmhs ncn`nlejs l`lflc
mjslplrj`njcmh.
JAJV@N@NH1 ]u cnvje mj dlbfrj y mj pejcntum
Dlbfrj jbh`nhcle
_hmrâlbhs mj`nr quj `hbjr phr `ulequnjr rlzðc mngjrjctj l el mj cutrnrchs js
ucl ghrbl mj `hbjr jbh`nhcle. _jrh bj iustlrâl mjalr `elrh quj je `hbjr JP
jbh`nhcle1 prhmu`j pel`jr, `hcghrt, jbh`nhcjs y ghrbl plrtj mj cujstrls
rlâ`js. Jvheutnvlbjctj `hbnml y jbh`nhcjs snjbprj dlc nmh mj el blch.
@jejfrlbhs ehs `ubpejlühs lerjmjmhr mj ucl tlrtl, slenbhs `hc el glbnenl y
`hbplrtnbhs ucl pljeel.
Je `hbjr jbh`nhcle tlbfnîc nc`hrphrl lqujeehs lenbjcths l ehs quj tnjcjs
rj`ujrmhs lsh`nlmhs, `hbnmls rj`hcghrtlctjs quj shc bìs quj `hbnml phrquj
tj `hcj`tlc `hc tu ncglc`nl, `hc tu blmrj, `hc tu glbnenl. _rhflfejbjctj
leiuch mj tus pelths glvhrnths mj `hbnml `lsjrl eh `hbâls jc glbnenl ehs mâls
gjstnvhs
Mj leiuclh tjblcjrl,
eh prjplrlflc `ulcmh
tj sniujc tjcâls quj ¸]njcjs
rj`hcghrtlcmh. iulrmlr `lbl phr jcgjrbjmlm.
lenbjcths lsh`nlmhs l
rj`ujrmhs8
= Ch jxphcih jxl`tlbjctj ehs tnphs mj dlbfrj quj mjs`rnfj Alc @dhzjc Flys, snch quj ehs
dj lmlptlmh l bn vnsnðc mj els vlrnjmlmjs mj dlbfrj.
: Whc Dlvj, Pjrjcj Lrhbltdjrlpy.
7 Els tjcsnhcjs jbh`nhclejs y bjctlejs pujmjc prhmu`nr els bnsbls sjülejs quâbn`ls jc tu
`jrjfrh quj els mje dlbfrj gnsnheðin`l, y l`tnvlr je ijc ldhrrh.
9 Mj ldâ quj bn cjih`nh hcencj sj eelbj www.dlbfrjmjlbhr.`hb
<?
El lenbjctl`nðc jbh`nhcle
_hr quî ehs ltrl`hcjs ch vlc mj frð`hen
cn mj l`jeils
@ulcmh sjctnbhs je mjsjh nbpuesnvh mj `hbjr uc lenbjcth `hc`rjth, `hbh je
`dh`heltj h `ulequnjr htrh lenbjcth rn`h jc lzñ`lr, jxpjrnbjctlbhs ucl
sjcsl`nðc mj pel`jr phrquj glvhrj`j el sj`rj`nðc mj sjrhthcncl, mhplbncl y
jcmhrgncls jc je `jrjfrh. Je prhfejbl js quj jstj prh`jsh mj pel`jr quj sj
mjsjc`lmjcl, sj rjgujrzl `lml vjz quj rjpjtnbhs je `hcsubh mj jsj lenbjcth
jc `ujstnðc, mjaìcmhchs eejvlr phr ehs pjcslbnjcths h els jbh`nhcjs (cujstrh
`jrjfrh chs mn`j1 «El ñetnbl vjz quj tj sjctnstj lsâ, tj `hbnstj jsth y tj
sjctnstj bu`dh bjahr. ¡Dliìbhseh mj cujvh!»). Le rjpjtnr jstj pltrðc mj
`hbphrtlbnjcth, sj `hcvnjrtj jc dìfnth.
Lmjbìs, le `hcsubnr lenbjcths rn`hs jc lzñ`lr, sj prhmu`j ucl rìpnml sufnml
mj lzñ`lr jc slcirj. _jrh sjiunmlbjctj sj prhmu`j ucl flalml mj lzñ`lr, quj
chs `rjl el cj`jsnmlm mj `hctnculr `hbnjcmh jsj mue`j, plrl rj`nfnr htrh `dutj
mj lzñ`lr y chtlr mj cujvh je sufnmðc jc slcirj.
El ncijstl `hbpuesnvl y ehs ltrl`hcjs ch sheh vlc mj `dh`heltj, `rulslcjs y
mhcuts snch mj `ulequnjr lenbjcth `leðrn`h quj l`tnvj je snstjbl mj
rj`hbpjcsl `jrjfrle.
Lenbjcths mj `hcghrt
Dlz ucl enstl mj ehs lenbjcths quj sujejs uslr `hbh rj`hbpjcsl, `ulcmh tj
snjctjs sheh, trnstj, mj`jp`nhclmh, h el jbh`nðc quj tj jbpuaj l `hbjr snc
dlbfrj. ¸\uî rntulejs tnjcjs8
Je prhfejbl mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle ch jstì jc el `hbnml quj tj eejvls l el
fh`l, snch jc tu rjel`nðc `hc jeel. Lquâ je bncmgue jltnci lmqunjrj ucl irlc
nbphrtlc`nl, pujs sn jrjs `hcs`njctj mje hrnijc mj el jbh`nðc h mj jsj
pjcslbnjcth ncn`nle (jstâbueh) quj dl mjsjc`lmjclmh tu `hbjr `hbpuesnvh,
sjrìs bìs `lplz mj ch rjl``nhclr l jsls jbh`nhcjs y pjcslbnjcths phr
`hstubfrj, y mj mjtjcjr je tsuclbn mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle. Eujih lprjcmjrìs
l jc`hctrlr htrls ghrbls bìs `hcstru`tnvls mj lgrhctlreh. _jrh mj bhbjcth
sheh tj pnmh quj tj gnajs jc quî dls sjctnmh h pjcslmh austh lctjs mj quj
lplrjz`l jsj nbpuesh mj pn`lr leih. \unzì dls tjcnmh ucl «`l`hghcâl bjctle»
`hctnih bnsbh. H qunzì dls sjctnmh trnstjzl y tj dls rjguinlmh jc jsj
tjctjbpnî.
Zcl vjz quj dlyls snmh `hcs`njctj mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle, jenij tu lenbjcth
mj `hcghrt glvhrnth y dlz je sniunjctj jajr`n`nh.
JAJV@N@NH1 Lcthahs `hcs`njctjs
Lsjiñrltj mj ncdlelcmh
rjspnrl`nhcjs, quj ch dly phrclml qujypujml
el clrnz mnstrljrtj,
jxpueslcmh je lnrjsnîctltj y rjlenzl
phr el fh`l, plrlucls
quj
el bjctj vlyl mjalcmh ltrìs thmh `ulcth jstlfls dl`njcmh.
Lctjs mj jbpjzlr l `hbîrtjeh, `hcsnmjrl mj mðcmj vnjcj jstj lenbjcth. ¸Mj
quî jstì dj`dh8 _njcsl jc `uìctls pjrshcls dlfrìc nctjrvjcnmh, mjsmj quj
sj dlc `uetnvlmh ehs ncirjmnjctjs quj eh `hbphcjc jc su bjmnh clturle, dlstl
quj dlc eejilmh l tu pelth.
Chtl sn tj snjctjs nbpl`njctj mj eejvìrtjeh l el fh`l tlc rìpnmlbjctj `hbh
sjl phsnfej. Chtl sn jstìs jxpjrnbjctlcmh sjcsl`nhcjs mj pel`jr, mj
cjrvnhsnsbh, mj `uepl h ncqunjtum phr el nmjl mj `hbjr jsj lenbjcth
nrrjsnstnfej.
Mjsjcvujevj
`hc mjspl`nh
tus sjctnmhs. je jcvhethrnh,
Hfsîrvleh mj `jr`l,sn `hc
js quj eh eejvl.
lbhr. EeîvlehJxlbncl je lenbjcth
le heglth. Duîejeh
mjtjcnmlbjctj. ¸@lbfnlc tus sjcsl`nhcjs jbh`nhclejs le dl`jr thmh jsth8
]le vjz tj trlcsphrtj l leiñc rj`ujrmh y qunzì tj vl mjspjrtlcmh je jstðblih.
Mjspuîs tð`leh plrl `hbprhflr su tjxturl. Js`u`dl je shcnmh mj jsj
lenbjcth (yh plrth els ileejtls lctjs mj `hbjrels, plrl sltnsgl`jr je dlbfrj
mje hâmh).
^ ldhrl eejvl je tl`th l ehs elfnhs. Ml uc bhrmnsqunth (h, `hbh letjrcltnvl,
nctrhmu`j je trhzh jc el fh`l), snc blstn`lreh. @hc ehs hahs `jrrlmhs rjphsl je
lenbjcth shfrj tu fh`l. _rjstl ltjc`nðc l el tjxturl, l els nctjcsnmlmjs, l ehs
lrhbls y l el tjbpjrlturl. Pî `hcs`njctj mj sn je slfhr js mue`j, lblrih,
`rjbhsh,
el ejciul.jt`.
Pn Bujvj je lenbjcth
js phsnfej, nctjctlsulvjbjctj mj uc elmh
quj je lenbjcth l htrh mj el
sj mjsdlil. fh`l, `hcl
Vjsâstjtj
blstn`lreh.
@hcsñbjeh buy ejctlbjctj, `hbh sn gujrl el prnbjrl vjz jc tu vnml quj eh
prujfls. Bnjctrls sj vl gucmnjcmh, lprî`nleh, slfhrîleh y mnsgrutl mje
bhbjcth.
Pn tj vnjcjc pjcslbnjcths mj «jsth ch mjfjrâl `hbjreh» snbpejbjctj tj mls
`ujctl y ehs mjals nr. Ldhrl jstìs l htrl `hsl. Wj trlilcmh… ^ bnjctrls vls
trlilcmh `lml fh`lmh, vnsulenzl `hbh sn eh jcvnlrls l tu `hrlzðc `hc `lrnüh y
lbhr.
Pnjctj sn tu bjctj tj mn`j quj tj `hbls htrh trhzh, y sn js lsâ, rjgejxnhcl plrl
quî eh dlrâls. ¸Jstìs sltnsgj`dh8 Pnbpejbjctj hfsjrvl els jej``nhcjs quj
thbls. Ch shc `hrrj`tls cn nc`hrrj`tls. Phc `hcs`njctjs.
¸\uî tle dl nmh je lcthah `hcs`njctj8 Jstj jajr`n`nh tj sjrvnrì plrl l nr
jenbnclcmh el `uepl, els rjiels y ehs aun`nhs mje `âr`ueh mje `hbjr jbh`nhcle,
plrl quj ph`h l ph`h vlyls `uetnvlcmh el gejxnfnenmlm. ^ plrl bhstrlrtj quj, jc
`lctnmlmjs lmj`ulmls, cnciñc lenbjcth js pjraumn`nle. @hbjr
`hcs`njctjbjctj tnjcj bìs quj vjr `hc lprjcmjr l lgnclr je `hcsubh mj
lenbjcths, quj `hc jenbnclrehs.
Bu`dls pjrshcls `hnc`nmjc jc quj `ulcmh `hbjc `hc ltjc`nðc pejcl, je
cnvje mj sltnsgl``nðc lubjctl mj ghrbl lshbfrhsl. Ch jxpjrnbjctlc `uepl cn
snjctjc el cj`jsnmlm mj sjiunr `hbnjcmh. Pj sltnsgl`jc `hc uc trhzh.
_ujmjs prl`tn`lr ehs lcthahs `hcs`njctjs `hc je jajr`n`nh iunlmh quj jc`hctrlrìs jc
www.dlbfrjmjlbhr.`hb (vjr ncstru``nhcjs jc el pìincl 6<).
Zcl buajr sj lpuctð l bn `ursh phrquj qujrâl `hctrhelr su nbpuesh mj `hbjr
`dh`heltj mjs`hctrhelmlbjctj. L bjmnml quj lvlczlfl je `ursh, guj thblcmh
`hcs`njc`nl mj quj je prhfejbl jstlfl jc quj ch tjcâl bhtnvl`nhcjs jc su
vnml y quj sugrâl letnflahs jbh`nhclejs. @ulcmh sugrâl leiucl mj`jp`nðc h sn
dlfâl tjcnmh ucl sjblcl murl, sj rj`hbpjcslfl `hc `dh`heltj. Jrl uc rntule,
ucl ghrbl quj jeel tjcâl mj nctjctlr `unmlrsj l sâ bnsbl. Mj leiucl blcjrl
jstlfl lenbjctlcmh su dlbfrj mj `hrlzðc. ^ tj shy snc`jrl, yh mj vjz jc
`ulcmh tlbfnîc tjcih lcthahs.
_njcsh quj ehs lcthahs ch shc blehs, sn sj dl`jc `hc `hcs`njc`nl, `hbh uc
rntule y slfnjcmh quj jsl `hbnml cuc`l eejclrì jsj vl`âh, cn `leblrì jsj mhehr
jc je `hrlzðc. Lucquj ch sjlc ehs lenbjcths bìs sleumlfejs cn pjrgj`ths, ehs
`lprn`dhs mj vjz jc `ulcmh shc cj`jslrnhs, pujs shc uc nctjcth mj `unmlrchs
l chshtrhs bnsbhs.
@ðbh rj`hch`jr je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle
L snbpej vnstl, y jspj`nlebjctj `ulcmh vnvnbhs mj ghrbl nc`hcs`njctj, ch
mnstnciunbhs je dlbfrj gâsn`l mj el jbh`nhcle. _jrh `ulcmh chs mjtjcjbhs l
hfsjrvlrel, chs mlbhs `ujctl mj quj tnjcjc bu`dls mngjrjc`nls1
]hbl plpje y fheâirlgh y js`rnfj els mnjz plelfrls quj tj vjcilc l el `lfjzl
le pjcslr jc `hbnml. Dlztj el prjiuctl1 «_lrl bâ el `hbnml js…».
¸@uìcths lspj`ths shc phsntnvhs y `uìcths cjiltnvhs8 Vjsjrvl jstl enstl
phrquj bìs lmjelctj trlflalrjbhs `hc jeel.
_lrtj 0
WJC@J ]Z EZ@DL
@HC]VL JE DLBFVJ JBH@NHCLE
<<
@hcs`njc`nl y pîrmnml mj pjsh
Ehs sj`rjths mj el ijctj clturlebjctj mjeilml
Jc ehs `lpâtuehs lctjrnhrjs dls hfsjrvlmh quî js eh quj trlâls mj sjrnj,
thblcmh `hc`njc`nl mj eh quj eejvlfls dl`njcmh dlstl ldhrl.
¸Vj`ujrmls quj `hc je `âr`ueh mj bncmgue jltnci lclenzlbhs ehs
`hbphrtlbnjcths y dìfnths mj els pjrshcls quj `hbâlc mj ghrbl nctuntnvl y
quj lplrjctjbjctj jrlc «mjeilmls phr clturlejzl»8 Wnbhs quj ch js quj el
clturlejzl dlyl mhtlmh l jstls `rnlturls mj el ncbucnmlm le shfrjpjsh. ^ quj
tlbph`h shc mjeilmls phr su bjtlfhensbh, cn phr su `ðmnih ijcîtn`h.
Pjc`neelbjctj, el sujrtj quj dlc `hrrnmh js ch dlfjr sugrnmh je elvlmh mj
`jrjfrh mj el bjctlenmlm mnjtl, phr eh quj su ijc ldhrrh ch jstì l`tnvlmh.
Mn`dh sjc`neelbjctj, su `ujrph ch qunjrj jstlr ihrmh.
¸Jstìs prjplrlml plrl tjcjr ucl rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml <?? % jc plz,
lflcmhclr el `ueplfnenmlm, el lcsnjmlm y je `hbjr `hbpuesnvh8 L `hctncul`nðc
tj vhy l rjvjelr ehs `ultrh sj`rjths mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj quj, l plrtnr mj
ldhrl, tj iunlrìc l el dhrl mj mj`nmnr quî `hbjr, `uìcmh `hbjr, `ðbh `hbjr y
quî `lctnmlm `hbjr. Wls l `lbfnlr tu ghrbl mj `hbjr plrl snjbprj. Jsths
dìfnths ehs mjs`ufrâ dl`j lühs jc je enfrh _ujmh dl`jrtj lmjeilzlr, mje bîmn`h
cutrn`nhcnstl _lue B`Kjccl, quj sj mjmn`ð l ncvjstnilr `uìejs jrlc ehs dìfnths
mj jstls pjrshcls. Bìs lmjelctj bj mn `ujctl mj quj je `hbjr mj ghrbl
`hcs`njctj sj eejvl utnenzlcmh mjsmj dl`j bìs mj 6.??? lühs phr ehs bhcajs
fumnstls.
Jsths `ultrh dìfnths tj lyumlrìc l luthrrjiuelrtj `hc el `hbnml (quj ch
`hctrhelrtj) plrl quj vujevls l `hbjr `hbh `uìcmh jrls uc cnüh. Ehs cnühs
tnjcjc el dlfnenmlm clturle plrl slfjr `uìcth `hbjr, `ulcmh `hbjr y quî
`hbjr. Zc fjfî slfj quj, `hc sheh eehrlr, snjbprj quj qunjrl phmrì `hbjr.
@ulcmh js bìs blyhr, aujil, sletl, `hrrj, y `ulcmh cj`jsntl rjphcjr jcjriâl
`hbj eh quj ej pnmj je `ujrph. @ulcmh yl jstì sltnsgj`dh, plrl mj `hbjr snc
nbphrtlr sn mjal `hbnml shfrlctj jc je pelth, phrquj tnjcj el sjiurnmlm mj
quj `ulcmh vujevl l tjcjr dlbfrj, phmrì vhevjr l `hbjr. Ehs bnjmhs
rjspj`th l el `hbnml lñc ch dlc lplrj`nmh, jstì `hcj`tlmh `hc su sjcshr
nctjrch quj ej ncmn`l `uìcmh `hbjr y `uìcmh mjalr mj `hbjr.
]hmhs djbhs snmh cnühs y thmhs djbhs jstlmh `hcj`tlmhs `hc jsj sjcshr
nctjrch. _jrh l bjmnml quj vlbhs `rj`njcmh, vlbhs pjrmnjcmh jsl `hcjxnðc
`hc jsj sjcshr y mjalbhs mj `hbjr l mjblcml. ¸_hr quî uc cnüh jbpnjzl l
`hbjr snc ltjcmjr su dlbfrj jsthbl`le8
_hr uc elmh, phrquj jbpnjzl l rj`nfnr bjcslajs mje tnph1 «L`ìfltjeh phrquj
jsth js fujch plrl tn», «@hc je dlbfrj quj plsð tu lfujel jc el phstiujrrl»,
«¡Ch mjajs cn ucl bnil jc je pelth!», «@ðbjtjeh thmh, phrquj dly cnühs jc
Ìgrn`l quj sj bujrjc mj dlbfrj». El pjrshcl quj bìs ej qunjrj ej jstì
mn`njcmh le cnüh quj js bjahr ch dl`jr `lsh l sus sjülejs nctjrcls y quj snil
`hbnjcmh. Îe rj`nfj je bjcslaj mj «Ch tjcih quj jstlr `hcj`tlmh», phrquj sn
ch, ch bj qujrrìc. _hr supjrvnvjc`nl, thmh cnüh cj`jsntl el l`jptl`nðc mj su
glbnenl, pujs `ulcmh cujstrhs lc`jstrhs sj qujmlflc shehs, gujrl mj el trnfu,
su supjrvnvjc`nl jstlfl `hcmjclml.
Lsâ quj je cnüh ph`h l ph`h vl mjalcmh mj `hcgnlr jc su `ujrph gâsn`h. Wl
lprjcmnjcmh l lenbjctlrsj sjiñc els mj`nsnhcjs mj sus plmrjs jc euilr mj
js`u`dlr su sjcshr nctjrch, sus vjrmlmjrls cj`jsnmlmjs. Jbpnjzl l `hbjr phr
dlbfrj lprjcmnml. Eejilc els <=d mje bjmnhmâl y tnjcj dlbfrj. Lucquj ch
thmhs ehs cnühs sugrjc jstl mjs`hcjxnðc, js buy `hbñc quj h`urrl. Jsths
pltrhcjs mj lenbjctl`nðc sj irlflc jc cujstrh suf`hcs`njctj y bìs lmjelctj
ehs rjpjtnbhs mj lmueths.
@hc ehs `ultrh dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj quj vhy l `hbplrtnr
`hctnih ldhrl, vls l mjsprhirlblr jsths pltrhcjs lprjcmnmhs y vls l
rjstlfej`jr el slfnmurâl nccltl mj tu `ujrph. _rhflfejbjctj vlc l `hcgrhctlr
`rjjc`nls quj tnjcjs buy lrrlnilmls, pjrh tj pnmh quj `hcgâjs y quj ehs
phcils jc prì`tn`l. @lml dìfnth vnjcj l`hbplülmh mj ucl sjrnj mj tru`hs y
`hcsjahs quj tj lyumlrìc l nctjirlreh bìs gì`nebjctj.
Ehs = dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj
Mjtjctjausth
plslmh y pnîcsleh
lctjs mjucmnrninrtj
bhbjcth,l el ¸quî tj ¸\uî
cjvjrl8 jstì eejvlcmh l `hbjr8
dl plslmh murlctj ¸\uî
je mâl,dl
y
quî plsð je mâl lctjrnhr8
]le vjz mjs`ufrjs quj uc mjthclctj dl mjsjc`lmjclmh tu lcsnl mj `hbjr
(qunzì js el dhrl y «th`l» `hbjr, dls ejâmh ucl rj`jtl, dls vnsth je `dh`heltj h
dls mns`utnmh `hc leiunjc).
¸Vj`ujrmls quj dlfâl ucl glsj jc el quj tjcmrâls quj uslr tu gujrzl mj
vheuctlm8
snc dlbfrjJsrjle.
jc jstj pucth,
Pj trltl mjausth
quj je ncstlctj
sjls jc qujmje
`hcs`njctj jstîs l pucthjcmjquj
bhbjcth `hbjr
uc
jstâbueh dl mjspjrtlmh tu mjsjh mj `hbjr. ¸_lrl quî8 _lrl `lbfnlr tu
rjspujstl l mn`dh jstâbueh (`hbjr nc`hcs`njctjbjctj) phr htrl quj tj lyumj
l `unmlrtj `hbh tj iustlrâl.
]j mn`js1 «Why l dl`jr ucl rjvnsnðc mj quî dl plslmh ncbjmnltlbjctj lctjs
mj sjctnr dlbfrj quj ch js dlbfrj». Jcthc`js rjtrh`jmj plsh l plsh dlstl je
bhbjcth jc je quj uc mjthclctj mjspjrtð tus ilcls mj `hbjr.
Zcl vjz nmjctngn`lmh je plrl quî qunjrjs `hbjr, tnjcjs 6 hp`nhcjs1
l) Mjsvâl el ltjc`nðc mje dlbfrj dl`njcmh htrl l`tnvnmlm quj ch sjl `hbjr1
rj`upjrl el tlfel mje jajr`n`nh mj «mrjclaj jbh`nhcle y `hbnml» y jenij ucl
mj els l`tnvnmlmjs letjrcltnvls quj js`rnfnstj.
@hbh tj `hbjctî lctjrnhrbjctj, shy `hcs`njctj mj quj jstls tî`cn`ls ch
snjbprj shc sheu`nhcjs mjgncntnvls, pujs ch mjalc mj sjr mnstrl``nhcjs
tjbphrlejs y `ulequnjr htrh cujvh mjthclctj pujmj vhevjr l mnsplrlr tu
mjsjh mj `hbjr.
Ch hfstlctj, tj lcnbh l quj els phcils jc prì`tn`l phrquj tj pjrbntnrìc nr
mnshevnjcmh je pltrðcl els
Lmjbìs dly pjrshcls jstâbueh-rjspujstl tlc fnjc.
quj ejs guc`nhcl buy lrrlnilmh jc tu `jrjfrh.
f) Pn trls dlfjr rjlenzlmh ucl l`tnvnmlm letjrcltnvl l el `hbnml, jsj lcthah
pjrsnstj, pujmjs js`hijr jxpehrlreh dl`njcmh je jajr`n`nh lcthahs
`hcs`njctjs mje `lpâtueh <?, `hc je lenbjcth quj sj tj dlyl lcthalmh.
@hc bu`dl `hc`njc`nl y shfrj thmh snc `uepls cn aun`nhs. Pheh jejvlrìs mje
cnvje tjðrn`h le cnvje mj el `hcs`njc`nl thmh eh quj jstîs lprjcmnjcmh `hc
jstj prhirlbl, `ulcmh `lnils mj cujvh jc tus prhpnls trlbpls mj
lenbjctl`nðc nc`hcs`njctj. Bârltj `hc ehs hahs mje `hrlzðc, jctjcmnjcmh quj
jstìs trltlcmh mj `unmlr mj tn.
]VZ@H #6
L bjcumh chs `ujstl mngjrjc`nlr sn eh quj tjcjbhs js dlbfrj h sjm,
jspj`nlebjctj `ulcmh jstlbhs buy mjs`hcj`tlmhs mj cujstrh sjcshr
nctjrch. Lsâ quj, jc euilr mj elczlrtj l `hbjr, prnbjrh tðbltj uc vlsh mj
liul, l`hbplülmh mj ucl rjspnrl`nðc dhcml. Jspjrl uchs <? bncuths y
hfsjrvl sn je dlbfrj dl mjslplrj`nmh.
]VZ@H #0
_ujmjs pjilr uc irlc nctjrrhilctj jc el cjvjrl h ucl `hpnl mj el ncghirlgâl
mj ehs = dìfnths (pujmjs ghth`hpnlrel mje enfrh), plrl quj `ulcmh lfrls el
cjvjrl jc bhmh zhbfn, el `hcs`njc`nl rjthbj els rnjcmls prjiuctìcmhtj1
¸rjlebjctj tjcih dlbfrj8
]VZ@H #=
¸Vj`ujrmls el `duejtl quj tj pjrbntj slfjr `uìcmh jbpjzlr l `hbjr y
`uìcmh mjtjcjrtj8 Pâ, el js`lel mje dlbfrj quj tnjcjs jc el pìincl <0>.
¸Jc quî cnvje `rjjs quj mjfjrâls jbpjzlr l `hbjr8
@hrrj`th, jc je cnvje 6, `ulcmh tu `ujrph jbpnjzl l jbntnr sjülejs mj dlbfrj,
mj ghrblynctjrbntjctj.
l`tnvlrì lquâ ch dlfrìCuc`l eejiujs lquj
`hcs`njc`nl ehs bjmnj1
cnvjejs tu
? h`ujrph
<, pujsjctrlrì
tu ijc jc
ldhrrh
bhmhsj
dlbfrnjcth y l`lflrì shfrjncinrnjcmh bìs mj eh quj tu `ujrph cj`jsntl y
lebl`jclcmh jsj jx`jsh jc ghrbl mj rjsjrvls mj irlsl.
Pn jstìs buy mjs`hcj`tlmh y sujejs hevnmlrtj mj `hbjr dlstl sjctnr uc
dlbfrj vhrlz h cuc`l pjr`nfjs el sjcsl`nðc mj dlbfrj, tj rj`hbnjcmh quj
`lml dhrl tj sncthcn`js `hc tu `ujrph y quj tj lsnicjs uc cubjrh jctrj ? y 9.
_rl`tâ`leh dlstl quj jbpnj`js l chtlr mngjrjc`nls jctrj ehs mnstncths cnvjejs
mj dlbfrj mj el js`lel.
Mjtjctj uc bhbjcth y laustl el js`lel l tu `ujrph ldhrl. ¸@uìctl dlbfrj
snjctjs ldhrl bnsbh8 ¸\uî cñbjrh ej phcmrâls8
Dìfnth 61 @hbj eh quj mjsjjs (ch eh quj `rjjs quj mjfjrâls
`hbjr)
✐ @hc jstj dìfnth guebnclrjbhs el bjctlenmlm mnjtl1 rhbpjrìs `hc eh quj
mjfjrâls `hbjr y tj tnrlrìs l el pns`ncl.
✐ Lmqunrnrìs el enfjrtlm mj sjr iunlmh phr eh quj tj pnmj tu `ujrph y phr tu
lpjtnth clturle.
@ulcmh bj jc`hctrlfl jc el ghrbl`nðc mj lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj y el
prhgjshrl chs mnah «@hbjm eh quj qujrìns», le tjrbnclr el sjsnðc gun mnrj`tl l
el rj`jp`nðc mje `jctrh plrl quj bj rjthrclrlc je mncjrh mj el bltrâ`uel.
«¸@ðbh
sn sjiuâlvhy
jstjl prnc`npnh
`hbjr eh quj qunjrl8l¡Js
jbpjzlrâl ucl `hbh
`hbjr `hbpejtl eh`url!».
uc `jrmh y chBj plrj`âl
sjrâl `lplzquj
mj
plrlr cuc`l.
Pn rj`ujrmls je pîcmueh mje `hctrhe y je mjs`hctrhe, le prnc`npnh mj lpen`lr
jstj dìfnth js phsnfej quj tj vlyls le mjs`hctrhe plrl `hbpjcslr thml el
`hl``nðc l el quj tj dls shbjtnmh murlctj tlcth tnjbph. @ulcmh bj lfrâ l el
phsnfnenmlm mj pjrbntnrbj `hbjr, els prnbjrls sjblcls sjiuâl mjsjlcmh
lenbjcths ph`h sleumlfejs, `leðrn`hs y `hbnml flsurl. ^ bj ehs `hbâ `hbh sn
ch dufnjrl uc blülcl. Jstl rjl``nðc rjsphcmâl l el rjstrn``nðc mj tlcths
lenbjcths prhdnfnmhs. _jrh, ph`h l ph`h, irl`nls le pjrbnsh quj bj jstlfl
mlcmh, bn `ujrph bj jbpjzð l pjmnr lenbjcths bìs sleumlfejs y mjaî mj
ltnfhrrlrbj. Ehs bìs
vjz bj plrj`âlc lenbjcths
rn`hs y quj lctjs bj plrj`âlc lfurrnmhs j ncsueshs, `lml
lpjtj`nfejs.
Bn `ujrph y bn `jrjfrh ldhrl slfâlc quj el `hbnml jrl nenbntlml, phr eh quj
je ijc ldhrrh sj guj mjsl`tnvlcmh (lsâ `hbh su cj`jsnmlm mj lrrlslr `hc thmh).
Whevâ l `hcj`tlr `hc el sjcsl`nðc mj «yl tnjcjs sugn`njctj» y gun rjirjslcmh l
bn rntbh clturle, le mj el `hcgnlczl. Lsâ quj… ¡pjrbâtjtj `hbjr!
¸\uî tj ijcjrl jsth mj pjrbntnrtj `hbjr8 ¸\uî plslrì sn `hbjs mj thmh8
\unzì ldhrl tu bjctj tlbfnîc jstî js`lcmlenzlml `hbh l bâ bj plsð. _jrh
mjal quj eh neustrj `hc uc jstumnh quj sj dnzh le rjspj`th1
@hcsjahs gnclejs
✐ _lrl nr nctjirlcmh jsths dìfnths, tj rj`hbnjcmh quj jbpnj`js phcnjcmh
jc prì`tn`l uch mj ehs `ultrh dìfnths `lml sjblcl, pujs `lbfnlrehs thmhs
mj ihepj tj pujmj `rjlr jstrîs. ^ yl slfjs `ðbh nctjctlbhs `leblr je jstrîs.
Jenij je dìfnth quj bìs tj dlyl eelblmh el ltjc`nðc, je quj suphcil uc
blyhr mjslgâh plrl tn h je quj bìs gì`ne tj rjsuetj mj lmhptlr. Pn, phr je
`hctrlrnh, tj snjctjs `hc ilcls mj phcjrehs thmhs jc prì`tn`l l el vjz,
¡lmjelctj! Vjlebjctj jstìc buy `hcj`tlmhs jctrj sâ.
✐ ]lbfnîc tj suinjrh quj jbpnj`js l lpen`lr je dìfnth (h ehs dìfnths) jc ucl
`hbnml le mâl1 jc je mjslyuch, `hc je tjctjbpnî mj bjmnl blülcl, el
`hbnml h el `jcl.
✐ Jvntl els mnstrl``nhcjs. ^ snbpejbjctj prjstl thml tu ltjc`nðc l eh quj vls
l dl`jr.
✐ Ch `hcgucmls ehs tru`hs `hc ehs dìfnths. Je hfajtnvh js quj eejvjs l `lfh
ehs `ultrh dìfnths, snc nbphrtlr quî tru`hs usjs plrl le`lczlrehs. Le gncle mje
`lpâtueh tnjcjs uc jsqujbl quj rjsubj vnsulebjctj ehs `ultrh dìfnths y sus
tru`hs `hrrjsphcmnjctjs.
✐ ]j lmvnjrth quj ch vls l prl`tn`lr ehs `ultrh dìfnth jc thmls els `hbnmls,
jc leiucls ch ehs `ubpenrìs. Ch tj `lstniujs phr ch dl`jreh pjrgj`th, cn tj
thbjs jsths dìfnths `hbh cujvls chrbls l `ubpenr1 «eh dj dj`dh fnjc», «eh
dj dj`dh ble». @hbh mj`nbhs jc _CE, ch dly rjsuetlmhs fujchs cn blehs,
dly lprjcmnzlajs.
✐ Pn `ulcmh plrjs mj `hbjr phrquj `rjjs quj jstìs sltnsgj`dh, je ijc ldhrrh
tj susurrl je `eìsn`h «@hbj bìs phr sn l`lsh», ch ej dlils `lsh. Vj`ujrml
quj sn plslmhs uchs bncuths, vujevjs l tjcjr dlbfrj, pujmjs `hbjr mj
cujvh. ^ `hbj eh quj rjlebjctj qunjrls, ch eh quj `rjjs quj mjfjs, mj
ghrbl `hcs`njctj y slfhrjlcmh `lml fh`lmh. @ulcmh nctuyls quj jstìs
eejch, plrl.
✐ ]jc pl`njc`nl y pjrsjvjrlc`nl, jstìs `hcgrhctlcmh dìfnths y `rjjc`nls buy
lrrlnilmls, qunzì mj thml ucl vnml. ]jc jc `ujctl quj el `hcs`njc`nl js
`hbh jctrjclr uc bñs`ueh1 `ulcth bìs eh usjs, bìs gujrtj sjrì.
✐ Jxpjrnbjctl y hfsjrvl quî su`jmj, quî bnjmhs, quî `rjjc`nls vlc
surinjcmh… ^ ch hevnmjs lchtlreh jc tu mnlrnh mj bncmgue jltnci.
✐ Pn jrjs js`îptn`h h ch `hcgâls jc jstl blcjrl mngjrjctj mj dl`jr els `hsls,
tj pnmh quj sjls hfajtnvh y rjlenstl `hc eh quj eejvls dl`njcmh dlstl ldhrl.
Dhcjstlbjctj, ¸mj vjrmlm js bjahr sjiunr `hbnjcmh mj el ghrbl jc quj eh
dl`js8 ]j lcnbh l quj prujfjs jsths = dìfnths murlctj je tnjbph jc quj
vlbhs l jstlr aucths. ]j pnmh quj `hcgâjs jc je prh`jsh, phrquj js el
blcjrl mj rj`hcstrunr y rjplrlr tu tjrbhstlth nctjrnhr y tu dlbfrj
jsthbl`le. ]j pujmjs shrprjcmjr mj el `lpl`nmlm quj tnjcj je `ujrph mj
luth`url`nðc.
sjiunr `hc tus ^lctniuhs
le gnclenzlr je prhirlbl, phmrìs mj`nmnr enfrjbjctj sn qunjrjs
dìfnths.
✐ ¡_rîbnltj! @jejfrl `lml pjqujül `hcqunstl. Ch tnjcjs phr quî jspjrlr l
chtlr ehs `lbfnhs h l `hcsjiunr rjsuetlmhs plrl `jejfrlreh y gjen`ntlrtj. @hbh
mnah Ihjtdj1 «Eh nbphrtlctj ch js mðcmj jstlbhs, snch el mnrj``nðc jc el
quj chs bhvjbhs». Je dj`dh mj dlfjr jbpjzlmh jstj prhirlbl yl js ucl
irlc `hcqunstl. Jc vjz mj `ueplrtj phr eh quj sjiñc tñ dl`js ble, ¸phr quî
ch prjbnlrtj phr ehs pjqujühs plshs quj vlyls mlcmh phr je `lbnch8
_njcsl jc quî rj`hbpjcsls tj phmrâls mlr `lml vjz quj phcils jc prì`tn`l
leiuch mj ehs dìfnths. Ch tnjcjc phr quî nbpen`lr ilstlr mncjrh, pujmjc sjr
ijsths sjc`neehs `hbh mlrtj fjshs y lfrlzhs l tn bnsbh. ¸@ursn8 ]le vjz, pjrh
js^ucl
✐ blcjrl¡clml
rj`ujrml, mj jbpjzlr l trltlrtj
mj fìs`uels! `hc bìs lbhr y `lrnüh.
Zcl plrlml jc je `lbnch
Pn jstìs jc je `hctrhe, jc bhmh bjctlenmlm mnjtl, sjrì nbphsnfej mjsdl`jrtj
mje `hbjr `hbpuesnvh y mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle. @ulcmh plsls dlbfrj, phrquj
plsls bu`dls dhrls snc `hbjr h phrquj tj prhdâfjs `njrths lenbjcths, snc
js`u`dlr els sjülejs mj dlbfrj quj tj blcml tu `ujrph, tu cnvje mj lzñ`lr jc
slcirj flal. ^ `ulcmh tj gletl ieu`hsl jc slcirj, sâ h sâ `hbjrìs `hc lcsnl. ^
eujih mnrìs quj ch tnjcjs gujrzl mj vheuctlm `hc el `hbnml. El gujrzl mj
vheuctlm sj dl mj lenbjctlr, phrquj mjpjcmj mje lzñ`lr jc slcirj. Pn `hbjs
`ulcmh tnjcjs dlbfrj, chrblenzlrìs tus cnvjejs mj lzñ`lr j ncjvntlfejbjctj,
je `hbjr `hbpuesnvh mnsbncunrì.
Jc je fehquj quj sniuj vls l trlcsghrblr el l`tntum `hbfltnvl mj El Whz, phr
je mnìehih `hbplsnvh y `hbprjcsnvh mje Lbhr. _jrh ch bj iustlrâl quj jsth
tj mjsvnlrl mj el prì`tn`l `hcstlctj mj ehs = dìfnths mj lenbjctl`nðc
`hcs`njctj, pujs shc el ñcn`l ghrbl mj quj thbjs `hc`njc`nl mj quî plrtj mj
tu `hbjr `hbpuesnvh js `hcsj`ujc`nl mje `hctrhe (quj tj eejvl le mjs`hctrhe y
Je vl`âh
El blyhr plrtj mj bn vnml lmuetl dj tjcnmh ucl sjcsl`nðc mj nc`hbhmnmlm,
mj vl`âh jc bn nctjrnhr. ]âbnmlbjctj prjiuctlfl l els pjrshcls mj bn jcthrch
sn tlbfnîc sjctâlc jsj rucrñc, pjrh jc ijcjrle bj rjsphcmâlc quj ch.
@rjâl quj leih ch jstlfl fnjc jc bâ. \uj snjcmh tle `hbh rjlebjctj jrl, ch
vleâl eh sugn`njctj. Mj bhmh quj gun mjslrrheelcmh ucl `hrlzl plrl js`hcmjr
tlctl nbpjrgj``nðc. @lpls y `lpls mj `jfheel quj `hc je tnjbph bj gujrhc
lejalcmh bìs mj bn vjrmlmjrl jsjc`nl, mhcmj rjsnmjc el gjen`nmlm, el plz y je
lbhr.
Eh quj lñc ch slfâl jrl quj el sjcsl`nðc mj vl`âh y mhehr quj sjctâl jc bn
nctjrnhr, jrl `hcsj`ujc`nl mj jstl sjplrl`nðc mj bn clturlejzl vjrmlmjrl. El
sheu`nðc quj jc`hctrî guj nctjctlr l`leelr jsj mhehr`nth y ch chtlr jsj vl`âh,
`hc mngjrjctjs lpjihs y lmn``nhcjs quj bj blctuvnjrlc `hbh uc zhbfn quj
cn snjctj cn plmj`j. Pnjbprj tjcâl uc `nilrrh jc el fh`l y ucl fjfnml l blch y
@hc jstj jajr`n`nh jstìs lprjcmnjcmh l jstlr `hc eh quj snjctjs. Jc euilr mj
nctjctlr js`lplr mj jeeh, hfsjrvls quj dly uc blejstlr, tj pjrbntjs sjctnreh, eh
lfrlzls y eh mjals blr`dlr. @ulcmh shbhs `lpl`js mj jxpjrnbjctlr eh quj
jstì jc je prjsjctj, jc cujstrh `ujrph, lquâ y ldhrl, tle `hbh jstì, ch dly
clml quj `hbplrlr y El Whz mjslplrj`j.
<0
Pupjrl je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle
«]u tlrjl ch js fus`lr je Lbhr,
snch fus`lr y jc`hctrlr mjctrh mj tn
thmhs ehs burhs quj dls ejvlctlmh `hctrl îe».
Vubn
_hjtl bâstn`h sug
¸\uî dly flah ehs prhfejbls mj nblijc `hrphrle8 ¸\uî `hcgen`ths bìs
snicngn`ltnvhs lenbjctlc je mjsjh mj pjrmjr pjsh8 ¸]le vjz ucl flal
luthjstnbl8 ¸El prjsnðc jajr`nml phr je vlehr sh`nle mj el mjeilmjz8 ¸\unzì
trlsthrchs jbh`nhclejs8 ¸@hcgen`ths `hc el blmrj8 Jc jstj `lpâtueh
mjs`ufrnrìs quj sn tnjcjs shfrjpjsh y ch ehirls mjsdl`jrtj mj îe pujmj sjr
quj1
• ]us `rjjc`nls l`jr`l mj el `hbnml, mj tn bnsbh y mj tu `ujrph sjlc
jrrðcjls.
• ]u jx`jsh mj irlsl sjl je rjsuetlmh mj jstls `rjjc`nls mjgj`tuhsls quj tle
vjz prj`nsjc mj ucl rjvnsnðc.
Phejbhs `rjjr quj el `lusl mj cujstrhs prhfejbls jstì jc je `hbjr mj ghrbl
jbh`nhcle, jc jstlr ihrmls, jc ch ehirlr sjiunr ucl mnjtl h jc `hbjr `njrths
lenbjcths. _jrh el sheu`nðc ch jstì jc jenbnclr jsths prhfejbls, pujs l
bjcumh shc blcngjstl`nhcjs vnsnfejs mj htrhs mjslaustjs h`ueths quj jstìc
phr mjs`ufrnr. Phc je rjsuetlmh, el `hcsj`ujc`nl, je cnvje supjrgn`nle h el puctl
mje n`jfjri. ^ `hbh h`urrj `hc ehs n`jfjris, ch js gì`ne l`jrtlr el prhgucmnmlm
quj le`lczlc cn quî sj js`hcmj flah jeehs.
Dlbfrj y bjctj
Pn fnjc els sjcsl`nhcjs mj dlbfrj h sujüh shc gnsnheðin`ls, el bjctj js el
`lpl`nmlm quj tjcjbhs plrl jxpjrnbjctlr els sjcsl`nhcjs ch gâsn`ls.
Pnbpengn`lcmh bu`dh, phmrâlbhs mnvnmnr el bjctj jc mhs jstru`turls
prnc`nplejs, quj guc`nhclc `hcauctlbjctj y mj ghrbl snc`rhcnzlml1 el bjctj
`hcs`njctj y el suf`hcs`njctj.
El bjctj `hcs`njctj js el quj phmjbhs pjr`nfnr l snbpej vnstl, bnjctrls quj
je suf`hcs`njctj js je irlc fehquj quj sj js`hcmj phr mjflah mj el eâcjl mj
gehtl`nðc y quj ch sj pujmj lprj`nlr tlc gì`nebjctj.
Je alrmncjrh
Pjiñc je fnðehih `jeuelr Fru`j Enpthc1 «@rjjbhs quj mnrninbhs cujstrls vnmls
`hc cujstrhs mjsjhs y lspnrl`nhcjs, pjrh el cjurh`njc`nl rjvjel uc dj`dh
shrprjcmjctj1 cujstrl bjctj `hcs`njctj `rjltnvl sheh mnrnij cujstrls vnmls jc
uc : %. Je >: % mje tnjbph, cujstrl vnml js `hctrhelml phr els `rjjc`nls y
dìfnths quj jstìc prhirlblmhs jc cujstrl bjctj suf`hcs`njctj».
Js mj`nr quj, lucquj tjcilbhs el sjcsl`nðc mj quj `hctrhelbhs cujstrls
vnmls, jstl `lpl`nmlm sheh h`upl uc : % mj thml cujstrl l`tnvnmlm `jrjfrle.
_ujmjs nblinclr el bjctj `hcs`njctj `hbh uc alrmncjrh quj pelctl sjbneels
jc su alrmâc1 el bjctj suf`hcs`njctj. Els sjbneels quj snjbfrl shc ehs
pjcslbnjcths, els plelfrls quj jbntnbhs, ehs dìfnths, els jbh`nhcjs y els
`rjjc`nls. ]hmh jsth quj pelctl jc je suf`hcs`njctj eh `hsj`dlbhs `hbh
rjsuetlmh jc cujstrh `ujrph y jc cujstrl vnml, pujs shc el plctleel jc el quj
sj prhyj`tlc cujstrls `rjjc`nls.
BJC]J @HCP@NJC]J
@LVL@]JVÂP]N@LP GZC@NHCJP
• Js hfajtnvl • Jejinr
• Js rl`nhcle • Vlzhclr
• Ch pujmj tjcjr bìs mj uc pjcslbnjcth l el • _jcslr (jc uc <? %, je >? % mj ehs pjcslbnjcths rjstlctj
rjstlctjss shc
vjz nc`hcs`njctjs)
• Lspnrlr y mjsjlr
• @rjlr
• Mlr ðrmjcjs
• Mngjrjc`nlr el prhpnl nmjctnmlm grjctj l el nmjctnmlm mj ehs mjbìs
Je alrmâc
@hbh su chbfrj lpuctl, jc je suf`hcs`njctj els `hsls su`jmjc phr mjflah
(«suf») mj el `hcs`njc`nl. Vjprjsjctl je >: % mj el l`tnvnmlm `jrjfrle y js
mhcmj rjsnmj cujstrl phtjc`nl bjctle.
Js uc irlc alrmâc rjpejth mj sjbneels (h prhirlbls suf`hcs`njctjs) quj
`hctnjcjc thml el ncghrbl`nðc mj eh quj jxpjrnbjctlbhs, dlstl je bìs
quj tnjcj
El blyhrâl mj jsls sjbneels shc pelctlmls murlctj ehs snjtj prnbjrhs lühs mj
vnml. Dlstl jsl jmlm, îrlbhs `hbh vnmjh`ìblrls `hc pltls quj eh irlflflc
lfsheutlbjctj thmh, phrquj el bjctj `hcs`njctj, quj tnjcj el `lpl`nmlm
`râtn`l plrl mns`jrcnr sn el ncghrbl`nðc quj rj`nfnbhs js `njrtl plrl chshtrhs h
ch, lñc ch jstlfl mjslrrheelml. Zcl vjz mjalml ltrìs el cnüjz, plrtj mj jsls
snbnjctjs lebl`jclmls jc je suf`hcs`njctj mnrnijc je >: % mj cujstrl vnml
lmuetl.
Dlstl ldhrl tj dj prhpujsth uc lrsjcle mj prì`tn`ls hrnjctlmls l rj`hch`jr
ehs bjcslajs quj tj jcvâl tu bjctj y l jctrjclr tu plrtj `hcs`njctj phrquj
trlcsghrblr tu `hcs`njc`nl js el `elvj plrl supjrlr el lenbjctl`nðc
nc`hcs`njctj.
_hrquj, plrlPnncmlilr
ehirls jc
mns`npenclrel,
el plrtj bìspujmjc h`urrnr bnelirhs.
nc`hcs`njctj mj cujstrl bjctj y phmjr
`lbfnlr ehs prhirlbls quj chs `hctlbnclc, jc prnbjr euilr mjfjbhs thblr
`hcs`njc`nl mj `uìejs shc jshs prhirlbls, tlrjl quj ej `hrrjsphcmj le
alrmncjrh. _lrl quj el pujml eejvlr l `lfh, cj`jsntl quj sjlbhs hfsjrvlmhrjs,
quj jstjbhs `jctrlmhs, `hcs`njctjs mj chshtrhs bnsbhs y mj eh quj chs
rhmjl.
¸\uî prhirlbls cjiltnvhs rjsnmjc jc je suf`hcs`njctj quj chs pujmjc
enbntlr el jxnstjc`nl8
• Cujstrhs bnjmhs bìs prhgucmhs
• ]hmh lqujeeh quj rjprnbnbhs
• Jxpjrnjc`nls trlubìtn`ls
• Nbpueshs y tjcmjc`nls quj ch `hctrhelbhs
¸_lrl quî `hbh `ulcmh ch tjcih dlbfrj gâsn`l8 ¸\uî bj eejvl l `hbjr8
¸\uî fus`h `hc jsj ltrl`ðc8 ¸\uî `hcsnih `hc îe8 ¸@uìe js su gnclenmlm8
¸\uî cj`jsnth mj vjrmlm8
Jstls prjiuctls shc plrj`nmls l el quj tj prhpusj jc je dìfnth mj
lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj cñbjrh < (`ulcmh tjcils dlbfrj gâsn`l, `hbj), plrl
lyumlrtj l lvjrniulr sn tnjcjs dlbfrj rjle h jbh`nhcle.
Els rjspujstls l jstls `ujstnhcjs shc ehs fjcjgn`nhs prnblrnhs quj tj lphrtl
tu ghrbl mj `hbjr. Jc euilr mj rj`rnbnclrtj ¸phr quî eh dlih8 tj prjiuctls
phr `uìe js el gnclenmlm. Jc vjz mj `ueplrtj, plrls y rjvnsls quî tj jbpual l
`hbjr, plrl sustntunr jshs fjcjgn`nhshs quj tj mlc tus dìfnths pjraumn`nlejs
phr htrls rutncls quj tj lphrtjc eh bnsbh. _ujmjs j`dlr blch mje jajr`n`nh mj
«]u iehtðc nctjrnhr» plrl jejinr dìfnths bìs `hcstru`tnvhs quj tj lyumjc l
`unmlrtj bjahr.
Mj el bnsbl ghrbl quj els pjrshcls quj vnvjc le elmh mj el vâl mje trjc, jstìc
tlc l`hstubfrlmls le runmh quj mjalc mj hâreh, chshtrhs l`lflbhs
l`hstubfrìcmhchs l jsls pjqujüls bhejstnls lplrjctjbjctj nchgjcsnvls. Ch
bltlc, pjrh sj `hcvnjrtjc jc pjcslbnjcths rj`urrjctjs quj nctjrgnjrjc jc
cujstrl `lpl`nmlm mj vnvnr jc je prjsjctj. ]jcmjbhs l phstjrilr je
sheu`nhclrehs phr pjrjzl, mjalmjz, phr `rjjr quj ch tnjcjc nbphrtlc`nl h, phr
je `hctrlrnh, phr pjcslr quj shc buy mngâ`nejs mj jenbnclr mj cujstrl vnml.
_jrh `ulcth bìs tnjbph ehs jvntlbhs, bìs `rj`jc y blyhr js el `lril
jbh`nhcle quj shphrtlbhs.
Je sniunjctj jajr`n`nh tj pjrbntnrì enfjrlrtj mj jshs elmrhcjs quj tj rhflc
prjsjc`nl y vntlenmlm, tlcth gâsn`l `hbh bjctle, y mnsphcmrìs mj ucl cujvl
jcjriâl rjchvlml. ]lbfnîc lubjctlrìs tu `lpl`nmlm mj lgrhctlr els
sntul`nhcjs nc`ðbhmls, mjalcmh ltrìs je dìfnth mj `hbjr lctj jeels.
JAJV@N@NH1 Elmrhcjs mj prjsjctj
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¸Pus vnmls `uìcth pjslc8 Nblincjc phr uc sjiucmh quj eejvlc ucl
bh`dnel. \unjrh quj chtjc els `hrrjls shfrj ehs dhbfrhs, ¸els chtlc8
Ldhrl qunjrh quj el eejcjc `hc thmls els `hsls quj tnjcjc jc sus vnmls.
Jbpnj`jc phr els quj dly jc ehs jstlctjs y ehs `lahcjs, els thctjrâls quj
`hej``nhclc. Chtjc `ðbh sj l`ubuel je pjsh.
Ldhrl `hsls bìs irlcmjs1 rhpl, pjqujühs jej`trhmhbîstn`hs, eìbplrls,
thleels, el tjej. El bh`dnel yl pjsl. Ldhrl, `hsls bìs irlcmjs1 je shgì, el
`lbl, leiucl bjsl…
Bîtlceh thmh mjctrh1 je `h`dj, el `lsl, uc jstumnh h uc lplrtlbjcth mj
mhs mhrbnthrnhs. \unjrh quj nctrhmuz`lc thmh jsh mjctrh mj el bh`dnel.
Nctjctjc `lbnclr. Js mngâ`ne, ¸ch8
_ujs jsth js eh quj dl`jbhs `hc cujstrl vnml l mnlrnh. Chs vlbhs
shfrj`lrilcmh dlstl quj ch phmjbhs cn bhvjrchs. ^ ch sj jqunvhqujc,
bhvjrsj js vnvnr.
Ldhrl vhy l prjcmjrej l jsl bh`dnel gujih ¸\uî qunjrjc sl`lr8 ¸Els
Ch dl`j gletl quj eh tnrjs lfsheutlbjctj thmh pjrh tlbph`h quj eh iulrmjs
thmh. ¡Ltrîvjtj l mjsdl`jrtj mj lqujeeh quj yl ch cj`jsntls bìs y lenijrl tu
bh`dnel jbh`nhcle!
Dlstl ldhrl djbhs vnsth quj `hbjbhs nc`hcs`njctjbjctj phr mhs tnphs mj
rlzhcjs1
_hr dìfnths zhbfns
_hr fjcjgn`nhs prnblrnhs
Pn eu`dls `hc je dlbfrj jbh`nhcle h `hc pjrmjr ehs knehs quj tj shfrlc,
pujmj quj jxnstl uc tjr`jr bhtnvh phr je quj ch eh jstìs `hcsniunjcmh1 ehs
fjcjgn`nhs sj`ucmlrnhs.
je jx`jsh mj irlsl8 ¸]j sjctnrâls l slevh snjcmh ucl pjrshcl mjeilml8 @ulcmh
leiunjc tj mn`j quj tj dls lmjeilzlmh y quj tj vj ijcnle, ¸snjctjs
nc`hbhmnmlm, lbjclzl h `hc bnjmh8
El irlsl js gâsn`lbjctj ucl flrrjrl. L cnvje gnsnheðin`h tnjcj el bnsnðc mj
prhtjijr cujstrhs
jbh`nhcle, ðrilchs
tlbfnîc vntlejs
`ubpej el mj ihepjs,
bnsbl mj ltlqujs,
guc`nðc1 `rjl mj `lâmls… dl`j
mnstlc`nl, ^ l cnvje
mj
`lplrlzðc plrl prhtjijrchs mj els lbjclzls h nctrusnhcjs quj dly jc cujstrl
vnml.
Pn snjctjs quj leiunjc, leih h ucl sntul`nðc jstì ncvlmnjcmh tus eâbntjs, el
irlsl `rjl ucl mnstlc`nl jctrj tñ y eh quj pjr`nfjs quj jstì vnhelcmh tu
jspl`nh. ]uvj ucl rjel`nðc `hc ucl pjrshcl mj `lrì`tjr mhbnclctj y flstlctj
`hctrhelmhr (y yh, `hbh fujcl vâ`tnbl quj jrl, bj shbjtâl l îe). Bj sjctâl
ncvlmnml phr el rjel`nðc, tlcth jc je jspl`nh gâsn`h `hbh jc je lspj`th bjctle y
jbh`nhcle. Lcdjelfl tjcjr bn sntnh, pjrh bj sjctâl jc`lr`jelml, snc cnciñc
euilr mhcmj js`lplr. Lbfhs mjslrrheelbhs ucl rjel`nðc flslml jc el
mjpjcmjc`nl
pjrspj`tnvl mjejbh`nhcle.
tnjbph vjhChs
qujcj`jsntìflbhs mjsjspjrlmlbjctj.
yh shentl `hcstruâ el aluel mj hrh jc @hc el
el quj
vnvâl. _jrh jc jsj bhbjcth ch eh pjr`nfâl mj jstl ghrbl. _jr`nfâl quj bns
eâbntjs jrlc vnhejctlmhs, phr eh quj bn `ujrph `rjð ucl prhtj``nðc l trlvîs mj
el irlsl, quj bj dl`âl sjctnr l slevh. El irlsl jrl el jxprjsnðc gâsn`l mj bn
cj`jsnmlm mj phcjr mnstlc`nl `hc bn plrjal y `hc el ijctj jc ijcjrle. _hrquj
jc lquje bhbjcth el ijctj bj ltjrrlfl y `hcstruâ uc burh quj bj
rjsiulrmlrl. Hfvnlbjctj jsth jrl uc bj`lcnsbh mj supjrvnvjc`nl jbh`nhcle
mje quj ch jrl `hcs`njctj.
Zc ph`h bìs lrrnfl tj dj dj`dh el prjiuctl mj ¸jc quî `rjjs quj tj glvhrj`j
je jx`jsh mj pjsh8 L `hctncul`nðc jcubjrlrî leiuchs mj ehs fjcjgn`nhs
sj`ucmlrnhs quj pujmjc jstlr blctjcnîcmhtj `hc shfrjpjsh, sjiñc Ahc
Ilfrnje1
H`uetlrtj mje bucmh1 `rjlr ucl `hrlzl h dl`jrtj ncvnsnfej
Jc eâcjl `hc eh quj tj l`lfh mj jxpen`lr, el irlsl pujmj tjcjr el guc`nðc mj
`hrlzl quj tj prhtjij mj els lbjclzls mje bucmh. Bu`dls pjrshcls quj dlc
sugrnmh lfushs gâsn`hs h psn`heðin`hs dlc mjslrrheelmh shfrjpjsh phrquj el
irlsl lejal le lirjshr. Pn el pjrshcl quj dl rj`nfnmh lfushs eejil l jstlr eh
flstlctj ihrml, je lfuslmhr pjrmjrì je nctjrîs jc jeel.
_jrh ch js cj`jslrnh quj dlyls sugrnmh lfushs plrl quj tjcils bnjmh. Pn tu
pjr`jp`nðc sufajtnvl mje bucmh js quj js uc euilr pjenirhsh y quj tnjcjs quj
mjgjcmjrtj,
`lsh, el ch
bnjctrls rjl``nðc mj tul `ujrph
tj snjctls slevh chsjrì el bnsbl1
phmrìs irlsl mj
mjsdl`jrtj prhtj`thrl. Pn jsquj
jsl ihrmurl tu
tj blctnjcj l slevh.
Wnmls plslmls
plslmls
Je mh`thr Frnlc Yjnss, bîmn`h psnqunltrl jxpjrth jc rjirjsnhcjs l vnmls
plslmls, lgnrbl quj l vj`js el tjcmjc`nl le shfrjpjsh h l mjslrrheelr
lmn``nhcjs, sj rjbhctl l vnmls lctjrnhrjs. @ulcmh ej prjiuctl l uc pl`njctj
hfjsh mjsmj
snjbprj». @hbh`uìcmh tnjcjeljsj
sn tuvnjrlc prhfejbl,
sjcsl`nðc el rjspujstl
mj quj sujej
su prhfejbl sjr mj
vncnjrl «Mjsmj
buy
ejahs.
Cuc`l dj dj`dh ucl rjirjsnðc, pjrh sn tj dl rjshclmh jstj h leiuch mj ehs
fjcjgn`nhs sj`ucmlrnhs jxpujsths, ch dlils el vnstl ihrml y trlfìaleh `hc uc
fujc tjrlpjutl. Mj eh `hctrlrnh, tu `ujrph sjiunrì tjcnjcmh el cj`jsnmlm
jbh`nhcle mj jstlr ihrmh, y cnciuch mj ehs dìfnths cn jstrltjinls quj djbhs
vnsth dlstl ldhrl tj guc`nhclrìc.
¸\uî sjrâl eh pjhr quj phmrâl plslr sn `hbjczlrls l pjrmjr pjsh8 ]njcjs
quj lsubnr ucl dhcjstnmlm y vlejctâl frutlejs plrl mlrtj `ujctl mj sn qunjrjs
h ch jsj `lbfnh.
El thbl mj `hcs`njc`nl mj ehs bj`lcnsbhs nc`hcs`njctjs quj tj eejvlc l
jcihrmlr js je prnbjr plsh plrl enfjrlrtj mje shfrjpjsh jbh`nhcle. Leiucls
pjrshcls (jspj`nlebjctj els quj shc buy bjctlejs), `hc sheh rj`hch`jr quj
su bnjmh js el `lusl mj su shfrjpjsh, mjalc mj jcihrmlr. _jrh ch snjbprj sj
jenbncl su blel rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml. _hrquj, `hbh yl tj `hbjctî, phcjr
grjch l els gujrzls nc`hcs`njctjs mje dlbfrj jbh`nhcle mjsmj el rlzðc js ucl
fltleel `lsn pjrmnml. Jc `lbfnh, `ulcmh supjrjs tu shfrjpjsh jbh`nhcle, je
jx`jsh mj irlsl mjslplrj`jrì, phrquj yl ch cj`jsntlrìs el ihrmurl plrl
sjctnrtj l slevh y je `lbfnh mj dìfnths tj rjsuetlrì bu`dh bìs sjc`neeh.
JAJV@N@NH1 Mjrrnflcmh je burh
Wnsulenzl tu jx`jsh mj irlsl `hbh uc burh mj elmrneehs. ]u suf`hcs`njctj dl
snmh je leflüne quj eh dl `hcstrunmh plrl prhtjijrtj mj ehs mjbìs y mj el vnml.
Je `jbjcth quj dl utnenzlmh dl snmh je bnjmh. ^ ehs elmrneehs, jstìc dj`dhs mj
thmls jsls jbh`nhcjs mjslirlmlfejs quj lclenzlbhs jc je `lpâtueh shfrj ehs
mjthclctjs jbh`nhclejs mje dlbfrj. Vj`upjrl eh quj lchtlstj shfrj `lml
jbh`nðc, eîjeh mj cujvh y prjiñctltj sn leiucl mj jsls jbh`nhcjs ch
jelfhrlmls pujmj jstlr prhvh`lcmh quj tu `ujrph sj jc`ujctrj bìs `ðbhmh
snjcmh irlcmj.
tnjbph. Jc îe pujmjc dlfjr `rj`nmh blels dnjrfls, `lml vjz bìs letls, dlstl
je pucth mj quj prì`tn`lbjctj ch chs mjalc vjr bìs leeì. Jsls blels dnjrfls
shc els `rjjc`nls enbntlctjs h prhirlbls cjiltnvhs.
@ulcmh jbpjzlstj l bjmntlr, prhflfejbjctj tj mnstj `ujctl mje plrehtjh
nc`jslctj quj dly jc tu bjctj. ^ `hc je jajr`n`nh mj «Jxpehrlcmh tu bjctj»
dls nmh thblcmh `hcs`njc`nl mj `ðbh tj dlfels l tn bnsbh. _ujmjs dlfjr
hfsjrvlmh pjcslbnjcths quj tj lenjctlc `hbh «]hmh slemrì fnjc», «Phy
`lplz», «Eh jsthy dl`njcmh eh bjahr quj sî» y htrhs quj `rjlc ucl vnsnðc
pjqujül y enbntlml mj tn bnsbh1 «Jsth ch vl l guc`nhclr», «Jrjs uc mjslstrj»,
«Js nbphsnfej pjrmjr pjsh». Jstls ñetnbls vh`js shc jbntnmls phr El Whz y
`ulcmh els js`u`dlbhs bu`dls vj`js, l`lflbhs `rjyjcmh quj shc `njrtls. Pj
`hcvnjrtjc jc `rjjc`nls enbntlctjs quj sj ncstlelc jc cujstrh suf`hcs`njctj
`hbh sjcsl`nhcjs mj `jrtjzl rjspj`th l leih.
Els prnbjrls chs shc ñtnejs y pjrbntjc quj els `hsls geuylc; lsâ quj els
mjalrjbhs `hbh jstìc. _jrh `ulcmh shc mnsguc`nhclejs, `hbh els sjiucmls,
`hcstntuyjc
cjiltnvhs y uc jsthrfh quj
js prj`nsh quj ehs
chsrjvnsjbhs
nbpnmj lvlczlr. Phc prhirlbls
h ehs sustntuylbhs phrhhtrhs
`rjjc`nls
bìs
l`tulenzlmhs y `hcstru`tnvhs.
¸Chs mlbhs uc plsjh phr cujstrh alrmâc, plrl lrrlc`lr els blels dnjrfls
quj `hcmn`nhclc cujstrl vnml8
Els `rjjc`nls shc `hbh uc blcule mj guc`nhclbnjcth mj `ðbh js h `ðbh
tjcmrâl quj guc`nhclr je bucmh. L`tñlc `hbh gnetrhs l trlvîs mj ehs `ulejs
pjr`nfnbhs el rjlenmlm. ^ `hbh ucl mj els guc`nhcjs mje suf`hcs`njctj js quj
cujstrh `hbphrtlbnjcth sjl `hdjrjctj `hc el ncghrbl`nðc quj tnjcj, sn tu
`jrjfrh lefjril îxnth, eh `hcsjiunrìs. Pn lefjril mjsirl`nls, jsh js eh quj
jc`hctrlrìs jc je bucmh.
@ulcmh `rjjs quj leih js phsnfej quj h`urrl, lfrjs ucl sjrnj mj
phsnfnenmlmjs quj pujmjc pjrbntnr quj mjtjrbnclmls rjlenmlmjs sj
prhmuz`lc. Jc `lbfnh, sn `rjjs quj js mngâ`ne h nbphsnfej quj leih su`jml, tj
l`hrlzls lctj jsl phsnfnenmlm, eh `ule ilrlctnzl quj jsj su`jsh ch sj
prhmuz`l, phr bìs quj eh mjsjjs.
_hr jajbpeh, nbliâcltj quj mjsjls ldhrrlr y thbls el mj`nsnðc `hcs`njctj mj
dl`jreh. Pn buy jc je ghcmh `rjjs quj je mncjrh js bleh, quj plrl tn js buy
mngâ`ne ltjshrlr mncjrh h quj tu mjstnch js vnvnr `hc js`lsjz, jstl ncghrbl`nðc
nc`hcs`njctj slfhtjlrì `ulequnjr jsgujrzh quj dlils plrl `hcsjiunr tu
prhpðsnth mj ldhrrh.
]j phcih htrh jajbpeh, vlch pjrh neustrltnvh. Nblincl quj Ejh Bjssn tnjcj el
`rjjc`nl phsntnvl mj quj js buy fujc auilmhr. @ulcmh slej le `lbph, jsj
sjctnbnjcth ej dl`j tjcjr ucl l`tntum mj `lbpjðc1 els auilmls y plsjs quj
dlil (els l``nhcjs) sjrìc els prhpnls mj uc `lbpjðc. L flsj mj auilr fnjc y
mj ilclr plrtnmhs, lmqunrnrì je dìfnth mj sjr uc irlc auilmhr, eh `ule
`hcgniurlrì su pjrshclenmlm (jc je tjrrjch mjphrtnvh). ^ jsl pjrshclenmlm
l`lflrì mjtjrbnclcmh su mjstnch (ilclr je prjbnh le bjahr auilmhr mje
bucmh).
Js phsnfej quj dlyls l`lflmh l`jptlcmh el `rjjc`nl mj quj plrl tn js
nbphsnfej jstlr jc tu pjsh slch, l gujrzl mj grl`lslr rjpjtnmlbjctj jc tus
nctjcths mj ch `hbjr
y mnsguc`nhclejs `hbpuesnvlbjctj.
shc jc plrtj el `lusl mj_ujs
qujjstj tnph mj `rjjc`nls
ch `hcsnils cjiltnvls
ehs rjsuetlmhs quj
tlcth mjsjls.
_njcsl jc els `hsls quj `rjjs quj dlc `hctrnfunmh l `rjlr tu sntul`nðc l`tule
rjspj`th l el `hbnml. Vjplsl `ðbh jrl el rjel`nðc mj tus plmrjs `hc el
`hbnml, `hc je `h`nclr, `hc ehs dìfnths lenbjctlrnhs. @ðbh vnvâls ehs
bhbjcths mj `hbjr y `jclr. @ðbh sj vnvâl el lenbjctl`nðc jc tu `lsl, el
rjel`nðc `hc je `ujrph, quî vlehrjs sj mjgjcmâlc h sj `rntn`lflc. \unzì tu
blmrj tj mj`âl1 «Jrjs ihrmntl `hbh tu lfujel» h «\uî bhgejtjs bìs irlcmjs,
quî cnüh bìs slch y gujrtj».
El fujcl chtn`nl js quj sj pujmjc mjsprhirlblr. Lsâ `hbh lrrlc`lbhs els
blels dnjrfls mje alrmâc, els `rjjc`nls cjiltnvls tlbfnîc sj pujmjc jxtnrplr y
sustntunr phr ucl sjbneel quj, sn je tnjbph l`hbplül, el `uetnvlbhs y rjilbhs,
l`lflrì ijrbnclcmh jc ucl cujvl pelctl y gehrj`jrì. Zcl vjz pelctlml,
cujstrh trlflah `hcsnstnrì jc lsjiurlrchs quj jsl sjbneel tjcil thmhs ehs
cutrnjctjs cj`jslrnhs plrl quj pujml sjiunr su `hbjtnmh, je quj yl eejvl jc
su prhpnl ncghrbl`nðc jcjriîtn`l.
L el `lzl mj El Whz
✐ Els `rjjc`nls enbntlctjs nbpnmjc quj pujmls lblrtj y l`jptlrtj.
✐ \unzì ch sjls `lplz mj `hctrhelr tus pjcslbnjcths, cn eh quj tj bjtjs jc
el fh`l. _jrh pujmjs `hctrhelr els plelfrls quj slejc mj tu fh`l.
✐ Wls l thblr `hc`njc`nl mj quj El Whz ch jrjs tñ. ^ mj quj, lmjbìs, eh quj
tj mn`j ch js `njrth.
✐ _h`h l ph`h, vls l nr mjsphalcmh l El Whz mje phmjr quj jajr`j shfrj tn.
El Whztnph
leiñc js buy snfnencl yjctnjcj
mj `hcgen`th bu`dls
rjel`nðc `hc`lrls, y jc elslepjrshcls
el `hbnml, pjsh h quj tnjcjc
le `ujrph,
ncvlrnlfejbjctj `hbplrtj `njrths rlsihs1
El Whz pjrgj``nhcnstl
@ulcmh lmhptl jstj rhe, El Whz sj mjmn`l l fus`lr jajbpehs mj pjrgj``nðc y l
susurrlrchs dl`nl quî nmjle mjfjrâlbhs lspnrlr. Ch tj `hbplrl `hc pjrshcls
rjlejs, snch `hc glctlsâls. Wj nbìijcjs jc els rjmjs sh`nlejs, jc pjeâ`uels, jc
rjvnstls y sj gnal jc el ijctj mj el `leej1 «jsth js uc jajbpeh mj pjrgj``nðc y
lsâ mjfjrâls sjr tñ». Ch tnjcj jc `ujctl quî prj`nh plilc jshs nmjlejs quj
tlcth lmbnrl plrl hftjcjr mn`dl pjrgj``nðc (phr jajbpeh, bhmjehs quj
rjstrncijc su mnjtl dlstl cnvjejs ncslchs, pjrshcls quj mjmn`lc bu`dâsnbls
dhrls le mâl l dl`jr jajr`n`nh jc je inbclsnh, ghths quj jstìc rjth`lmls `hc
_dhthsdhp, jt`.). El Whz pjrgj``nhcnstl `rjj quj `hcsjiunreh js buy gì`ne y
hbntj je prj`nh mj le`lczlr jshs rjsuetlmhs quj tj dl`j pjrsjiunr. Ch js
rjlenstl, `rjj quj h thmh js pjrgj`th h ch vlej clml.
Zsl bu`dh je vjrfh «mjfjr»1
• Mjfjs lmjeilzlr ¡yl!
• Ch mjfjrâls thblrtj tlc jc sjrnh eh mje bncmgue jltnci.
• Mjfjrâls `hbjr bìs prhtjâcls.
• Mjfjrâls sjr tlc fujcl `hbh el Blmrj ]jrjsl.
• Mjfjrâls sjr vjijtlrnlch.
•• Mjfjrâls
Ch, bjahrfjfjr
dlztj 6vjilch.
entrhs mj liul le mâl.
Els pjrshcls jc els quj prjmhbncl El Whz pjrgj``nhcnstl sugrjc bu`dl
grustrl`nðc, pujs jc el vnml rjle el blyhrâl mj nmjlejs ch sj `ubpejc.
El Whz dnpjrl`tnvl
¸Jrjs mj jsls pjrshcls quj snjbprj jstìc `hcgj``nhclcmh enstls mj eh quj
tnjcjc quj dl`jr8 ¸]u vhz tj rj`ujrml nc`jslctjbjctj quj tnjcjs quj dl`jr
eh quj jstì jc tu enstl8 @ulcmh tl`dls trjs tlrjls mj tu enstlmh, ¸lülmjs `nc`h
bìs8
Jc jstl gl`jtl, El Whz sj `jctrl jc mj`nrchs quî tjcjbhs quj dl`jr plrl
le`lczlr cujstrh
sjctnr quj cuc`l nmjle mj vnrtum.
dl`jbhs ^ chs jbpual
eh sugn`njctj, eh quj lchs
eejvlreh
subj ljc`lfh. Chs dl`j
uc jstlmh mj
lcsnjmlm j ncsltnsgl``nðc pjrblcjctj.
El Whz slfhtjlmhrl
Lquâ El Whz `hbplrl, `rntn`l, chs ml `hcsjahs `hctrlmn`thrnhs phrquj eh
rj`dlzl lfsheutlbjctj thmh. _lrl jeeh, l bjcumh rj`urrj le sâbne, ucl gniurl
rjtðrn`l utnenzlml plrl `hbplrlr `hsls snbnelrjs jctrj sâ.
• @hbjs `hbh sn ch dufnjrl uc blülcl.
• ]njcjs el `lrl mj plc.
• Jstìs ihrml `hbh ucl vl`l.
Jstj rj`ursh mje sâbne ej pjrbntj sl`lr l el euz `hsls quj tj glstnmnlc pjrh mj
ghrbl sulvj, snc eejilr l dl`jrtj sjctnr tlc ble. Pn tj mn`j «`hbh `hbh sn ch
dufnjrl uc blülcl» js bjchs murh quj sn El Whz tj mnajrl «`hbjs
`hbpuesnvlbjctj». Jc jstj `lsh, jc vjz mj slfhtjlrtj tj sjrâl mj utnenmlm,
pujs tj phcmrâl els pnels plrl `hbprhbjtjrtj l sheu`nhclr jstj prhfejbl. _hr
jeeh utnenzl el `hbplrl`nðc, dl`njcmh je ltlquj nchgjcsnvh, nc`eush irl`nhsh, y
pjrpjtulcmh je prhfejbl.
bnsbh tnjbph).
«tj lbh» Lsâ quj phr glvhr, ch mjajs mj prl`tn`lr je jajr`n`nh mj mj`nrtj
jc je jspjah.
¸Dls mjtj`tlmh leiucl `rjjc`nl enbntlctj quj tj mnil quj albìs slemrìs mj el
ihrmurl8 ¸\uj pjrmjr pjsh js nbphsnfej plrl tn8 ¸\uj blctjcjr dìfnths
sleumlfejs js buy mngâ`ne8
Jc `lsh mj quj ch dlyls mjs`ufnjrth cnciñc prhirlbl cjiltnvh fìsn`h, l
`hctncul`nðc tj prhphcih els `rjjc`nls cjiltnvls quj sj lefjrilc
dlfntulebjctj rjspj`th l el `hbnml, je `ujrph, je sjctnr, bjrj`jr, rj`nfnr,
sugrnr, el lfucmlc`nl, tjcjr sugn`njctj, mjs`lcslr…
•su`ubfh l eleejch,
@ulcth bìs tjctl`nðc.
bìs sltnsgj`dh.
• @ulcmh eh dlih ble, yl eh dlih ble mje thmh. ¡Mj pjrmnmhs le râh!
• \uî vlc l pjcslr mj bâ ehs mjbìs sn bj vjc `hbjr lsâ.
• ]jcih quj l`lflrbj thmh eh quj dly jc je pelth (phrquj js mj blel
jmu`l`nðc / «yl quj eh dj plilmh» / dly cnühs quj sj bujrjc mj dlbfrj).
• Pnjbprj dj snmh ucl iehthcl h uc iehtðc.
• Pn jrjs ihrml h ihrmh, ch mjstl`ls.
• Eejvlr ucl vnml sleumlfej js lfurrnmh / rjqunjrj bu`dh sl`rngn`h.
• Ch bj `unmh phrquj jsthy ihrmh y ch bjrj`j el pjcl.
• Bn `ujrph ch jstì dj`dh plrl sjr mjeilmh, l `lusl mj bn bjtlfhensbh /
•phrquj
_lrl sjrrjtjcih eâqunmhs
ltrl`tnvh, / phr
dly quj ijcîtn`l.
jstlr mjeilmh.
• _lrl lmjeilzlr tjcih quj `hbjr eh bjchs phsnfej.
• @hbjr js uc l`th sh`nle, lsâ quj plrl lmjeilzlr tjcmrî quj mjalr mj
sh`nlenzlrbj.
• Bn blmrj jrl buy mjeilml y ch qunjrh sjr `hbh jeel.
• Bn plrjal bj jxnij jstlr mjeilmh.
• Jc bn `lsl îrlbhs bu`dhs y dlfâl quj jciueenr rìpnmh.
• Bn glbnenl bj prjsnhclfl plrl quj jstuvnjrl mjeilml `hbh bn djrblcl.
• Pnjbprj dj snmh el lbnil ihrmntl y snbpìtn`l.
• L bn jmlm ch dly phsnfnenmlm mj `lbfnlr.
• Jstj bîthmh js uc tnbh, el ijctj sj jcilül sn `rjj quj pujmj lmjeilzlr tlc
gì`nebjctj.
• \unzìs guc`nhcj `hc htrls pjrshcls, pjrh `hcbnih ch rjsuetlrì.
• Pnjbprj bj mj`âlc quj jstlfl ihrml h ihrmh y l ehs <6 lühs jbpj`î `hc
els mnjtls.
• ^h ch dj mj sjr eh prnbjrh / prnhrnzlrbj js sjr jihâstl / ch tjcih tnjbph
plrl pjcslr jc bâ.
• ]jcih quj sjr pjrgj`tl h pjrgj`th.
• Bn vleâl pjrshcle mjpjcmj mj bn ltrl`tnvh / mj bn nctjenijc`nl / mj bns
ehirhs / mj bn stltus.
• @ulcmh bj snjcth ble, bj mhy ltrl`hcjs.
• Pn lmjeilzh, mjalrî mj rj`nfnr `unmlmhs y ltjc`nðc.
• Pn mjah mj tjcjr prhfejbls mj pjsh ¸l qunîc ej vhy l j`dlr el `uepl mj bns
blejs8
• Pjr enfrj js dl`jr eh prnbjrh quj sj tj plsl phr el `lfjzl.
Je prhpðsnth mje sniunjctj jajr`n`nh (ncspnrlmh jc je jajr`n`nh «Bn `lal mj
`rjjc`nls» mj el ghrbl`nðc Ltrîvjtj l `hbjr) js mjs`ulrtnzlr els `rjjc`nls
cjiltnvls fìsn`ls quj jstîc `hcmn`nhclcmh tu rjel`nðc `hc el `hbnml.
JAJV@N@NH1 Lrrlc`lcmh blels dnjrfls
]j pnmh quj jenals el `rjjc`nl mje enstlmh quj `hcsnmjrjs quj bìs `hcmn`nhcl
tu sntul`nðc l`tule h, nc`eush bjahr, quj jelfhrjs je tuyh prhpnh (tj pujmj mlr
pnstls rjejjr je rjinstrh mj pjcslbnjcths enbntlctjs quj dls nmh jelfhrlcmh l
eh elrih mje prhirlbl).
¸\uî `rjjs8
Hfsjrvl jsj sjctnbnjcth `hbh sn gujrl el prnbjrl vjz quj eh snjctjs, `hc
`urnhsnmlm phr `ðbh js y chtl els sjcsl`nhcjs mj tu `ujrph, sn dly leiñc
`hsquneejh, `lehr, grâh h sn `lbfnl je rntbh mj tus puesl`nhcjs. Ch ej phcils
cnciucl jtnqujtl quj ej mî uc snicngn`lmh.
¸_ujmjs slfjr `hc lfsheutl `jrtjzl quj jstj pjcslbnjcth js `njrth8 ]j pnmh
quj js`rnfls trjs rlzhcjs quj phmrâlc `hctrlmj`nr tu `rjjc`nl, trjs prujfls
quj bujstrjc quj ch js vjrmlm. _hr jajbpeh, sn tu `rjjc`nl js «Pheh pujmh
`leblr bn jstrîs `hc el `hbnml» phmrâls jc`hctrlr jsths `hctrllriubjcths1
• Zc mâl jc quj jstuvj buy lcsnhsl eelbî l ucl lbnil y, le sjctnrbj
js`u`dlml, bj sjrjcî y ch rj`urrâ l el `hbnml.
•`hrrjr.
Dly pjrshcls quj `ulcmh jstìc jstrjslmls jc euilr mj `hbjr slejc l
• Murlctj ucl îph`l jc quj bjmntlfl le ejvlctlrbj, bj sjctâl bìs jc plz y
ehs lcthahs mnsbncuyjrhc `hcsnmjrlfejbjctj.
¸\uî prj`nh plils phr `rjjr jsth8
¸@ðbh tj slfhtjl8
¸Mj quî tj snrvj jstl `rjjc`nl8 ¸Js ñtne plrl tn8 ¸]j l`jr`l h tj lejal mj tu
hfajtnvh8 ¸]j lyuml l sjr el pjrshcl quj qunjrjs sjr8 H, phr je `hctrlrnh,
¸slfhtjl eh bjahr mj tn8
¸\unîc sjrâls tñ sn ch tuvnjrls jsj pjcslbnjcth8
¸_hmrâls mjalr nr jstl `rjjc`nl enbntlctj8 ¸\uî phmrâls dl`jr `hc jeel8
Js`rnfj el `rjjc`nl cjiltnvl jc uc plpje y dlz uc rntule quj plrl tn snbfhen`j
quj tj mjsprjcmjs mj tu mhehrhsl `rjjc`nl. _ujmjs rhbpjr jc pjmlzhs je
plpje mhcmj el dls lpuctlmh y tnrlreh l el flsurl. H prjcmjrej gujih y lrrhalr
els `jcnzls le vìtjr, le blr h jc uc râh; jctjrrlrels jc je alrmâc h mjalr quj sj
els eejvj
jctrj je vnjcth.
tu plslmh y elJstj rntulequj
pjrshcl js nbphrtlctj
jrjs ldhrl. phrquj mnfual ucl eâcjl mnvnshrnl
_jrh shetlr ucl `rjjc`nl lrrlnilml eejvl tnjbph y l bjcumh js cj`jslrnh
rjpjtnr jstj jajr`n`nh vlrnls vj`js. Pn jrjs pl`njctj y pjrsjvjrlctj l`lflrì phr
mjslplrj`jr.
Pn snjctjs quj lñc ch jstìs jc `hcmn`nhcjs mj mjsprjcmjrtj mj jsl `rjjc`nl
enbntlctj, pujmjs mjalrel jc `ulrjctjcl y trltlr mj vnvnr murlctj uchs mâls h
sjblcls `hbh sn ch el tuvnjrls, lmhptlcmh el `rjjc`nl phsnfnentlmhrl quj
ghrbuelrìs jc je sniunjctj plsh. Hfsjrvl quî `lbfnl ¸dly bìs plz, bìs
lrbhcâl jc tu vnml8 ^ mjspuîs js`hij enfrjbjctj eh quj tñ `hcsnmjrjs quj js
bìs ñtne plrl tn.
¸\uî prjgjrnrâls `rjjr jc euilr mj jsl `rjjc`nl enbntlmhrl8
@hc`îctrltj jc tu `rjjc`nl cjiltnvl y trlmñ`jel l ucl lgnrbl`nðc
phsnfnentlmhrl quj tj lyumj l blctjcjr ucl rjel`nðc bìs sleumlfej `hc tu
`ujrph y el `hbnml.
Jstls lgnrbl`nhcjs
pujmjs jejinr ucl tleshc suijrjc`nls.
`hbh Niule quj
jstì, bhmngn`lrel `hc els `rjjc`nls
h lmlptlrel cjiltnvls,
bìs l tn. Lucquj eh
nmjle sjrâl quj slenjrlc mj tu `hrlzðc. Ldhrl sâ, js`rnfj el tuyl ldhrl1
¸@uìcth tnjbph8 Dlstl dl`j ph`h sj `rjâl quj `hc sheh rjpjtnr ucl `hcmu`tl
murlctj 6< mâls, ghrblrâl plrtj mj cujstrl rutncl, `hcvnrtnîcmhsj jc uc dìfnth.
¸Dls `hbprlmh leiñc enfrh quj tj prhbjtâl quj jc 6< mâls tj dlrâls rn`h,
mjalrâls mj gublr h tjcmrâls uc vnjctrj pelch8 ^h sâ. _jrh ch eh `hcsjiuâ
phrquj rjsuetl quj cujstrh `jrjfrh js buy ldhrrlmhr (y je bâh bìs, quj shy
tlurh y `ltlelcl) y lgn`nhclmh l ehs ltlahs quj ej pjrbntjc rjlenzlr els tlrjls mj
ghrbl rìpnml y jgn`lz, `hc je bâcnbh jsgujrzh.
Pnjcth sjr yh qunjc tj eh mnil, pjrh phr bu`dh quj chs iustj el vâl rìpnml, eh
mj ehs 6< mâls js snbpejbjctj glesh. Lsâ eh mjbujstrl uc rj`njctj jstumnh mje
Zcnvjrsnty @heejij mj Ehcmrjs quj lgnrbl quj plrl `hcvjrtnr uc cujvh
hfajtnvh h l`tnvnmlm jc luthbltnsbh, shc cj`jslrnhs 77 mâls mj prì`tn`l.
Lucquj jc rjlenmlm je cñbjrh mj mâls js bjchs nbphrtlctj quj htrhs gl`thrjs
`hbh je nctjrîs, el nctjcsnmlm, el pjrsjvjrlc`nl y els `lrl`tjrâstn`ls
psn`heðin`ls pjrshclejs. ^ hfvnlbjctj mjpjcmjrì mj el `hbpejanmlm mje
dìfnth quj mjsjlbhs lmqunrnr. Jc je `lsh quj chs h`upl, jstlbhs dlfelcmh
mj `lbfnlr lühs mj `hcmn`nhclbnjcth cjiltnvh. Jstìs pelctlcmh cujvls
sjbneels jc uc tjrrjch rjchvlmh y gîrtne.
Lchtl thmhs y `lml uch mj ehs bjcslajs quj El Whz tj vlyl mnsplrlcmh,
Jc su ncspnrlmhr enfrh ]hmh js _hsnfej, je `hl`d Euns _îrjz Plctnlih jxpen`l quj
ucl mj els guc`nhcjs prnc`nplejs mj els cjurhcls `hcsnstj jc trlsbntnr ehs
nbpueshs jeî`trn`hs quj je `jrjfrh ijcjrl. Jsths nbpueshs prhmu`jc ucl sjrnj
mj rntbhs quj sj mjchbnclc hcmls `jrjfrlejs. ^ sjiñc `uìe sjl je rntbh mj
6 @hcmu`nr mj ch`dj, rjpjtnr blctrls h bnrlr el tjejvnsnðc shc l`tnvnmlmjs bhcðthcls quj
tnjcjc uc jgj`th dnpcðtn`h.
0 Jspj`nlebjctj ehs quj chs eejvlbhs l el `lbl austh lctjs mj mhrbnr. Mj ldâ el nbphrtlc`nl
mj `unmlr quî ejjbhs, quî vjbhs phr el ]W y mj quî dlfelbhs lctjs mj l`hstlrchs.
<=
Jbpjz
Jbpjzlr mjsmj mhcmj jstìs
L`jptlr eh quj dly
«El `urnhsl plrlmhal js quj `ulcmh bj l`jpth l bâ bnsbh,
tle y `hbh shy, jcthc`js js `ulcmh pujmh `lbfnlr».
@lre Vhijrs
Jxphcjctj mje jcghquj dublcnstl jc psn`hehiâl
¸@uìctls vj`js dls shülmh `hc eu`nr uc `ujrph bìs jsfjeth, rj`dlzlcmh y
duyjcmh mje quj tnjcjs8 ¸Leiucl vjz dls mjsjlmh sjr ucl pjrshcl mnstnctl l
el quj jrjs8 ¸Dls `rjâmh quj mjfjrâls sjctnrtj mj htrl blcjrl8 ¸]j dls
nctjctlmh ghrzlr l `lbfnlr8 ¸\uî tle guj8 Pjiurlbjctj ch mjblsnlmh fnjc,
phrquj el bhtnvl`nðc plrl je `lbfnh ch guc`nhcl mjsmj el ch l`jptl`nðc y
tlrmj h tjbprlch pjrmjbhs je `hctrhe y tnrlbhs phr el fhrml thmhs ehs
jsgujrzhs rjlenzlmhs.
Jc ijcjrle trltlbhs mj jvntlr ehs jstlmhs mj ìcnbh y ehs pjcslbnjcths
cjiltnvhs phrquj dunr mj eh quj chs dl`j sugrnr js uc bj`lcnsbh clturle mj
supjrvnvjc`nl. Pnc jbflrih, sjiñc je Fumnsbh=, ucl mj els `lusls mje
sugrnbnjcth ”y mj el lenbjctl`nðc nc`hcs`njctj” js, prj`nslbjctj, je mjsjh
mj js`lplr le bnsbh sugrnbnjcth. ]rltlr mj jsqunvlr je mhehr sheh eh dl`j bìs
irlcmj.
«]hmh eh quj rjsnstjs, pjrsnstj».
@lre Iustlv Auci
L`jptl`nðc js rj`hch`jr el sntul`nðc tle y `hbh js y pjrbntnr quj sjl eh quj js,
snc prjtjcmjr `lbfnlrel. Mjalr els `hsls tle `ule jstìc, lsubnjcmh quj el vnml
sjc`neelbjctj js. Cn austl cn ncaustl. Lucquj sj chs vjcml eh `hctrlrnh, yl
djbhs vnsth quj tjcjbhs js`lsh `hctrhe shfrj cujstrl vnml, pujs jstl sj rnij
phr ucls gujrzls quj ch le`lczlbhs l `hctrhelr cn l `hbprjcmjr.
El blyhrâl mj pjrshcls `rjjc quj l`jptlrsj snicngn`l rjsniclrsj y ch dl`jr
clml plrl `lbfnlr. @rjjc quj el blch murl js el bhtnvl`nðc quj ejs lyumlrì l
lmhptlr dìfnths `hbh el mnjtl h je mjphrtj. ]njcjc lpjih l El Whz phrquj sn
mjalrlc mj dl`jrej `lsh, sj `hcvjrtnrâlc jc pjrjzhshs y ch sj ejvlctlrâlc plrl
nr l trlflalr, sj `hbjrâlc thmh je fugjt, ch jstumnlrâlc y sj lflcmhclrâlc l el
ncmhejc`nl. Pu bhtnvl`nðc plrl je `lbfnh snjbprj dl cl`nmh mj Jeel, mje
mjsprj`nh dl`nl sâ bnsbls, mje bnjmh, el `hcgusnðc, el trnstjzl, el grustrl`nðc h
el `ueplfnenmlm. ]jbjc quj, sn l`jptlc jsls plrtjs quj tlcth hmnlc, ejs mlrìc
pjrbnsh plrl quj sj qujmjc `hc jeels. @hbh sn rj`hch`jr jshs lspj`ths
rjghrzlrl su prjsjc`nl.
_jrh ejahs mj jsth, el vhz luth`râtn`l ijcjrl uc jgj`th mj lbjclzl l el quj je
`jrjfrh rjsphcmj ijcjrlcmh tjcsnðc y jstrîs y jcvnlcmh je bjcslaj mj1
«Jsthy jc pjenirh. ¡Dlz leih, `ujrph!». ^ je ijc ldhrrh slej l js`jcl, dl`njcmh
thmh eh phsnfej plrl prhtjijrchs. Jcthc`js jctrlbhs jc je `âr`ueh vn`nhsh mj
rj`hcghrtlrchs `hc lqujeeh mj eh quj jstlbhs duyjcmh. Vhbpjbhs cujstrh
prhpðsnth mj dl`jr mnjtl h jajr`n`nh y lplrj`j mj cujvh El Whz1 «Ch tnjcjs
gujrzl mj vheuctlm, yl eh dls vujeth l dl`jr, jrjs nc`lplz, jrjs ucl gehal».
Jstj pjrshclaj js jsl plrtj tuyl quj rjprjsjctl tu dlbfrj jbh`nhcle, ehs
knehs quj tj shfrlc, je vl`âh, el sjcsl`nðc mj mjs`hctrhe, je lcsnl quj snjctjs,
tu dlbfrj ncsl`nlfej.
]u ^h Ihrmh ch js tu jcjbnih, snch uch mj tus bu`dhs «yhjs» quj ch dls
nctjirlmh y quj sj dl mnsh`nlmh mje rjsth. Jstl sjplrl`nðc dl`j quj tu ^h
Ihrmh l`tñj `hctrl tus nctjrjsjs. _jrh ch js snch ucl sñpen`l mj lbhr.
Bu`dhs mj bns `enjctjs tnjcjc uc nmjle tlc gujrtj y `elrh mje `ujrph quj
mjsjlrâlc ”h mje quj tjcâlc `ulcmh nflc le ncstntuth h lctjs mj tjcjr dnahs”
quj ejs `ujstl bu`dh l`jptlrsj tle y `hbh shc ldhrl. Nctjctlc `lbfnlr su
`ujrph l trlvîs mje bl`dlquj, lenbjctlcmh el lvjrsnðc `hctrl sâ bnsbhs. _jrh
eh ñcn`h quj `hcsniujc js nc`rjbjctlr je `hbjr `hbpuesnvh y je sugrnbnjcth.
Je rjth plsl phr l`jptlr quj jsj `ujrph mje plslmh mngâ`nebjctj vhevjrì. \uj
jsj nmjle mj gâsn`h qunzì yl ch sjl le`lczlfej dhy.
JAJV@N@NH1 Je jspjah `lrnühsh
=
Dlih bu`dl rjgjrjc`nl le fumnsbh, pjrh ch shy fumnstl, yl quj bj `ujstl lpen`lreh jc bn
prhpnl vnml.
: Jstl grlsj el ejâ jc uc irlgntn phr el `leej, mjs`hchz`h su luthrâl.
_lrtj =
DL@NJCMH ELP _L@JP
@HC EL @HBNML, @HC ]Z @ZJV_H
^ @HC]NIH
<:
El `hdjrjc`nl vntle
✐ Jc jstj `lpâtueh vls l mjalr mj dl`jr hâmhs shrmhs l eh quj tu `ujrph tj
jstì trltlcmh mj mj`nr y vls l `rjlr ucnmlm, lrbhcâl y jqunenfrnh jctrj eh quj
vlehrls, eh quj cj`jsntls y eh quj mjsjls.
«El gjen`nmlm js `ulcmh eh quj pnjcsls,
eh quj mn`js y eh quj dl`js jstìc jc lrbhcâl».
Bldltbl Ilcmdn
ghrbl
l jshsmj vnvnr, hch`ulcmh
vlehrjs, pujmjstusjctnr
ghrblsltnsgl``nðc
mj sjctnr, mj
cn pjcslr
plz. y mj l`tulr ch js l`hrmj
sncthcâl, tu vnml ch jstlrì lencjlml `hc tus vlehrjs, y phr eh tlcth, sjrì
ncsltnsgl`thrnl. _hr jajbpeh, sn plrl tn el snc`jrnmlm js uc vlehr `elvj, y trlflals
jc uc flc`h jc je quj tnjcjs quj jcilülr l el ijctj plrl vjcmjr eh quj el
jbprjsl tj hfenil l vjcmjr, ¸phmrìs sjctnrtj jc plz8 ¸Jstlrìs `ðbhmh jc jsj
trlflah8 Ch, phrquj tus l``nhcjs ch jstìc lencjlmls `hc uch mj tus vlehrjs
prnc`nplejs.
Ncvjctlrnh mj cj`jsnmlmjs
¸Plfjs `ufrnr tus cj`jsnmlmjs8 ¸]njcmjs l sltnsgl`jr els mj ehs mjbìs
lctjs quj els tuyls8 ¸@hch`js el mngjrjc`nl jctrj cj`jsnmlm y mjsjh8
Wnvnbhs jc uc bucmh quj chs eejvl l jstlr buy h`uplmhs, l tjcjr jstrîs, l
jstlr jxpujsths l mjthclctjs y thxncls, l mhrbnr ph`h y l `hbjr `hbnml rìpnml
y prh`jslml. Mjalbhs quj els prnsls, el `hcvjcnjc`nl y ehs bnjmhs mj el vnml
bhmjrcl mjajc l uc elmh cujstrls cj`jsnmlmjs, chs mjs`hcj`tjc mj cujstrh
yh vjrmlmjrh y tnrjbhs pl elctj.
Jcthc`js ch `hch`jbhs cn sltnsgl`jbhs lprhpnlmlbjctj cujstrls
cj`jsnmlmjs, phr eh quj nctjctlbhs `hbpjcslr jsl mns`hrmlc`nl `hc `hbnml.
Lsâ, bu`dls vj`js `rjjbhs quj cj`jsntlbhs `hbjr `ulcmh cujstrl cj`jsnmlm
rjle js mj lgj`th, mjs`lcsh, mnvjrsnðc h mjs`hbprjsnðc.
¸\unîc guj el prnbjrl pjrshcl quj sj jc`lrið mj `ufrnr cujstrls
cj`jsnmlmjs8 Guj cujstrl blmrj h el gniurl quj mjslrrheelrl jsj plpje.
Murlctj cujstrhs prnbjrhs lühs mj vnml el ltjc`nðc mj cujstrl prhijcnthrl
jstlfl `jctrlml jc `ufrnr cujstrls cj`jsnmlmjs. _jrh l vj`js, mj lmueths, ch
dl`jbhs ucl fujcl ijstnðc mj el bltjrcnmlm, y sjiunbhs fus`lcmh l blbì
jc ehs euilrjs jqunvh`lmhs (jc bn `lsh jc el `hbnml, jc plrjals quj sj
dn`njrlc `lrih mj bâ h jc je tlfl`h). Chrblebjctj jc `hsls jc quj el fh`l
jstuvnjrl
<
nbpen`lml, pujs jstj ðrilch chs rjbntj mnrj`tlbjctj le pj`dh mj
blbì .
Htrls vj`js, nctjctlbhs dl`jr mj blbì mj ehs mjbìs, `hbpel`njcmh l thmh
CJ@JPNMLM
Pjiñc BlsehwMJ PJIZVNMLM
y Vhffncs, / @JV]NMZBFVJ
eh prnbjrh quj cj`jsntl `ufrnr je sjr dublch shc
els cj`jsnmlmjs fìsn`ls gnsnheðin`ls quj ej pjrbntjc shfrjvnvnr1 rjspnrl`nðc,
lenbjctl`nðc, sjiurnmlm gâsn`l y bjctle, mj jbpejh, mj rj`urshs, mj sleum,
`hstubfrjs, `hctrhe, mjs`lcsh, sjxh, jt`.
Jvleñl mje < le : `ðbh mj sltnsgj`dl tnjcjs el cj`jsnmlm fìsn`l mj sjiurnmlm1
< 6 0 = :
Ncsltn
Ncsltnsgj
sgj`dl
`dl Plt
Pltnsg
nsgj`
j`dl
dl phr mjf
mjflah
lah mj el Chrble, `hbh el bjmnl mj el Flstlctj _ejclbjctj
bjmnl phfel`nðc sltnsgj`dl sltnsgj`dl
Dhy `ufrh jstl cj`jsnmlm `hc1
]hmhs cj`jsntlbhs sjctnr quj ehs mjbìs chs vlehrlc, sjr nbphrtlctjs,
jspj`nlejs y rj`hch`nmhs. Je rj`hch`nbnjcth pujmj sjr l cnvje nctjrch
(luthrrj`hch`nbnjcth) h jxtjrch (quj ehs mjbìs chs vlehrjc).
Jvleñl mje < le : `ðbh mj sltnsgj`dl tnjcjs el cj`jsnmlm mj rj`hch`nbnjcth1
< 6 0 = :
Ncsltn
Ncsltnsgj
sgj`dl
`dl Plt
Pltnsg
nsgj`
j`dl
dl phr mjf
mjflah
lah mj el Chrble, `hbh el bjmnl mj el Flstlctj _ejclbjctj
bjmnl phfel`nðc sltnsgj`dl sltnsgj`dl
_hr jajbpeh, phmrâls js`rnfnr1 bj snjcth ñtne, snjcth quj ehs mjbìs lprj`nlc
bns l`ths, dlih vlejr bns mjrj`dhs, jmu`h fnjc l bns dnahs, jc je trlflah bj
dlc vlehrlmh prhbhvnîcmhbj l uc pujsth bjahr h lubjctìcmhbj je sujemh,
jstumnh y `uetnvh bns nctjrjsjs, bj snjcth rjspjtlmh phr bn jcthrch, vlehrh l
ehs mjbìs `hbh bj vlehrh l bâ bnsbh...
Pn tu puctul`nðc js 0 h ncgjrnhr, ¸`ðbh phmrâls sltnsgl`jr bjahr jstl
cj`jsnmlm8
CJ@JPNMLM MJ @VJ@NBNJC]H ^ LZ]HVVJLENQL@NÐC
_hr jajbpeh,
`lusls quj vlcphmrâls
bìs leeìjs`rnfnr1
mj bns`uetnvh ucljiðn`hs,
nctjrjsjs prì`tn`lbjjspnrntule, bj jctrjihbjl
snjcth `hcj`tlmh,
bujvh phr eh quj bj mn`tl el nctun`nðc y el `urnhsnmlm, ncvjstnih y dlih
lphrtl`nhcjs jc bn `lbph, shy `lrntltnvh, plrtn`nph jc prhyj`ths plrl `hcstrunr
uc bucmh bjahr.
Pn tu puctul`nðc js 0 h ncgjrnhr, ¸`ðbh phmrâls sltnsgl`jr bjahr jstl
cj`jsnmlm8
Blsehw sjülelfl quj dly cnvjejs mj prnhrnmlmjs mj els cj`jsnmlmjs1 plrl
eejilr l ltjcmjr l els cj`jsnmlmjs ajrìrqun`lbjctj supjrnhrjs, prnbjrh js
cj`jslrnh sltnsgl`jr els cj`jsnmlmjs lctjrnhrjs. ^ lsâ eh `rjâl yh1 prnbjrh bj
h`uplfl mj eh quj bj lphrtlfl jstlfnenmlm y sjiurnmlm y, ucl vjz mnsgrutlrl
mj ucl `ðbhml sntul`nðc j`hcðbn`l, yl bj mjmn`lrâl l `ujstnhcjs bìs
jejvlmls `hbh el `rjltnvnmlm h je prhpðsnth. _jrh le ch tjcjr sltnsgj`dls bns
cj`jsnmlmjs supjrnhrjs, `hbh el luthrrjlenzl`nðc h el `hctrnfu`nðc, bj sjctâl
grustrlml, vl`âl j ncsltnsgj`dl. Jcthc`js jsj jstrîs sj trlselmlfl l els
cj`jsnmlmjs ncgjrnhrjs mj sjiurnmlm y `jrtnmubfrj, cnvjejs mhcmj rjsnmj el
`hbnml. ^ bj rjguinlfl jc jeel phr ch tjcjr sjctnmh jc bn vnml. Nctjctlfl
sltnsgl`jr leih quj ehs lenbjcths gâsn`hs, phr sâ shehs, ch bj phmâlc mlr.
@hc thmh bn rjspjth phr je `îejfrj Lfrldlb Blsehw, quj jc plz mjs`lcsj,
pjrh mjs`ufrâ quj jrl bìs ltnclmh ncvjrtnr el pnrìbnmj1 sn prnbjrh ltjcmjbhs
cujstrls cj`jsnmlmjs supjrnhrjs (mj `rj`nbnjcth y `hctrnfu`nðc), ch
0
cj`jsntlrjbhs rj`urrnr l els ncgjrnhrjs . Pn fus`lbhs quî `hsls chs mlc
sjctnmh, el `hcgnlczl, el sjiurnmlm y el jstlfnenmlm lplrj`jrìc `hbh
`hcsj`ujc`nl.
]us cj`jsnmlmjs shc els quj tñ cj`jsntls plrl tn; ch shc tus mjsjhs, cn tus
vlehrjs. ^ lucquj ch eh sjpls, `lml mâl dl`js thmh eh phsnfej plrl mjgjcmjr tu
cj`jsnmlm prnc`nple.
]hmhs tjcjbhs jstls sjns cj`jsnmlmjs, pjrh je hrmjc vlrâl bu`dh mj ucl
pjrshcl l htrl y mhs mj jeels sujejc sjr els mhbnclctjs jc `lml uch mj
chshtrhs.
Jc bn `lsh snjbprj bj jsghrzlfl phr sltnsgl`jr bn cj`jsnmlm cñbjrh < mj
rj`hch`nbnjcth. @hbh tj `hctî `hc el nblijc mj el `jfheel, `rjâl quj ch
jstlfl fnjc sjr tle `hbh yh jrl. L `lusl mj bn flal luthjstnbl nctjctlfl
dl`jr `hsls irlcmjs j nbphrtlctjs, plrl hftjcjr je rj`hch`nbnjcth mj ehs
mjbìs, jc euilr mj lprjcmîrbjeh l mlr yh bnsbl. @ulcmh mjs`ufrâ quj bn
cj`jsnmlm bìs nbphrtlctj jrl jsl, el mj rj`hch`nbnjcth, `hbprjcmâ phrquî
ch hftjcâl htrls `hsls quj mjsjlfl pjrh quj ch cj`jsntlfl tlcth (phr
jajbpeh, bj qujalfl mj ch jc`hctrlr plrjal). _jrh ch bj mlfl `ujctl mj quj
thmhs ehs mâls lenbjctlfl y prnhrnzlfl el cj`jsnmlm sjctnrbj nbphrtlctj y
vlenhsl, lctjs quj el cj`jsnmlm mj lbhr y vnc`uel`nðc. Le rjvnslr bn js`lel mj
prnhrnmlmjs thbî `hcs`njc`nl mj quj le prnhrnzlr tlcth ucls cj`jsnmlmjs,
mjalfl plrl mjspuîs sltnsgl`jr htrls, tle vjz bìs rjejvlctjs plrl bn bhbjcth
l`tule.
Js buy mj
lsjiurjs nbphrtlctj qujquj
prnhrnzlr els `hcgj``nhcjs tu hrmjc
tu yh vjrmlmjrh mj l`tulebjctj.
tj pnmj cj`jsnmlmjs ^y snquj tj
ch js
lsâ, pujmjs rjhrmjclrels.
jsth, ldhrl quj thmh nfl fnjc8, ¸sn ch dj dj`dh cnciñc jsgujrzh, phr quî bj
mujej8, rjeìaltj y dlz frjvjbjctj je jajr`n`nh mj «Jstlr `hc eh quj dly».
_rjiñctlej l tu `ujrph quî cj`jsntl. Js`u`dl su rjspujstl `hc `urnhsnmlm y
lblfnenmlm. Js`râfjel. _ujmjs mj`nr els sniunjctjs plelfrls1 «Jsth js eh quj bn
`hrlzðc
Pn ch tjmjsjl y pjrbnthch
eejil cnciucl, quj
tj jsths `lbfnhs
prjh`upjs, sj prhmuz`lc
el vnml tj phcmrìjcjcbnsntul`nhcjs
vnml». quj
tj pjrbntnrìc mjs`ufrnr quî js eh bjahr plrl tn. Jsh sâ, tnjcjs quj jstlr lfnjrth
l ejjr el vnml y l `hcgnlr jc eh quj tj mnil.
Eh bìs shrprjcmjctj mj thmh guj mjs`ufrnr eh nc`rjâfejbjctj lirlmj`nmh
quj js je `ujrph phrquj, le ph`h quj eh jbpnjzls l js`u`dlr y l mlrej eh quj
cj`jsntl `hc lbhr, îe sj snjctj l slevh. ^ `ulcmh sj snjctj l slevh, tnjcj el
`lpl`nmlm mj rjjqunenfrlrsj y jbpjzlr l mjsdl`jrsj mj ehs knehs mj
prhtj``nðc.
¸Leiucl vjz dls jstlmh jclbhrlmh8 ¸Wjrmlm quj el `hbnml plslfl l uc
sjiucmh pelch y ch sjctâls el cj`jsnmlm mj `leblr el lcsnjmlm phr `hbjr8 El
rlzðc js quj je lbhr rhbìctn`h prhmu`j ucl sufnml mj mhplbncl jc je
`jrjfrh, niule quj `ulcmh sl`nls cj`jsnmlmjs prhgucmls. Je jclbhrlbnjcth
phmrâl sjr el sheu`nðc le dlbfrj jbh`nhcle, pjrh mjslghrtuclmlbjctj ch
snjbprj jstlbhs jclbhrlmhs y lucquj eh jstjbhs, sjiñc els ncvjstnil`nhcjs
sheh murlrì jctrj mhs h trjs lühs ”lucquj yh ch `rjh quj sjl lsâ”.
Jcthc`js, ¸phr quî ch sltnsgl`jr cujstrls cj`jsnmlmjs prhgucmls y quj el
mhplbncl sl`nj cujstrl dlbfrj8 ¸_hr quî ch jclbhrlrchs mj chshtrhs
bnsbhs y mj cujstrl vnml8 ¸\uî tj plrj`jrâl mjmn`lr bjchs tnjbph l pjcslr
jc el `hbnml y jc tu pjsh, y bìs tnjbph l lprj`nlr tu vnml8
JAJV@N@NH1 Eh quj mjsjh
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Lprjcmjr l `hcgnlr jc bâ js
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pn ch gujrl tlc tl`lüh `hcbnih, bj pjrbntnrâl
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
El ghrbl mj vjstnr quj bjahr bj dl`j sjctnr js
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pn ch shclrl tlc lfsurmh, dlrâl
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pn ch gujrl tlc blyhr
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
@lml bjs ncvnjrth jc bn luth`unmlmh el `lctnmlm mj
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Ldhrl `hij
pujmls dl`jrtuphr
lijcml
tn uch mâl
`lejcmlrnh
le bjs,yncspnrlmh
js`rnfj ucjcpjqujüh ijsth
els grlsjs qujlblfej
l`lflsquj
mj
`hbpejtlr. _hr jajbpeh, sn dls js`rnth «sn ch shclrl tlc lfsurmh, sjrâl `lctlctj
mj ðpjrl» phrquj tj jc`lctl el ðpjrl, ch js cj`jslrnh quj tj lpuctjs l `elsjs
mj `lcth, pjrh sâ phmrâls rjilelrtj ucls jctrlmls l ucl hfrl quj tj dlil
jspj`nle neusnðc. Js mj`nr, ch js tlcth `ubpenr bjtls snch mjmn`lrtj ijsths quj
tj l`jrqujc l lqujeeh quj tu `hrlzðc mjsjl. @ulcmh tj l`hstubfrjs l
prl`tn`lr el lblfnenmlm `hctnih bnsbh, chtlrìs enijrjzl jc tu nctjrnhr.
el vnml,
bn l `lusl
`hrlzðc. mj quj
Je vl`âh qujplsî bu`dhs
tj dj lühs mlcmh
bjc`nhclmh tlctlselvj`js
jspleml
qujlsjctâl,
ehs bjcslajs mj
uc lcdjeh
y uc ghcmh mj grustrl`nðc snjbprj bj l`hbplülflc. Bj bhrâl mj dlbfrj mj
sjctnmh, eh `ule l`tnvlfl bn ijc ldhrrh.
Pnjbprj js`u`dlfl y ejâl quj thmhs djbhs cl`nmh plrl dl`jr leih, quj
tjcjbhs uc tlejcth ñcn`h y mngjrjc`nle plrl lphrtlr le bucmh. Leih quj chs
lplsnhcl, quj bnjctrls eh dl`jbhs jstlbhs le <?? % jc jeeh y sj chs hevnml
nc`eush `hbjr.
Bn nctun`nðc slfâl quj yh tjcâl jsl `elsj mj mhc1 je tlejcth lrtâstn`h. _jrh jc
su bhbjcth, bn Whz eh jctjrrð phrquj ch eh `hcsnmjrlfl nbphrtlctj. _hrquj
ch eh vjâl prhmu`tnvh. _hrquj `rjâl quj ch phmrâl vnvnr mj îe. Mjsmj jcthc`js,
je jc`hctrlr
`ruzlml jc bnbns lptntumjs y mjs`ufrnr plrl quî phmâl sjrvnr, sj `hcvnrtnð ucl
vnml.
Lghrtuclmlbjctj, irl`nls le prh`jsh mj luth`hch`nbnjcth quj dj nmh
wjf).
Jenij els 4 flsjs shfrj els quj sj sustjctl tu fnjcjstlr y js`râfjels jc `lml
qujsnth (nctjctl quj pjrtjcjz`lc l `lml iruph mj lenbjcths prnblrnhs).
Jc bn `lsh dj jejinmh ehs sniunjctjs pnelrjs nbphrtlctjs plrl bn fnjcjstlr1
mjctrh mje fehquj «L`tnvnmlm gâsn`l rjiuelr» dj nc`eunmh «lenbjctl`nðc y
jajr`n`nh gâsn`h» (lucquj lenbjctl`nðc ch js ucl l`tnvnmlm gâsn`l, tnjcj bu`dh
nbpl`th shfrj bn jcjriâl, phr eh quj plrl bâ tnjcj sjctnmh nc`hrphrlrel mjctrh
mj jstj lplrtlmh). Jc «]rlflah y mjslrrheeh prhgjsnhcle» dj ncsjrtlmh ehs
lspj`ths mj «trlflah `hc prhpðsnth y `rjltnvnmlm». «_rì`tn`l jspnrntule» lflr`l
«clturlejzl y bjmntl`nðc» y je lplrtlmh mj «Vjel`nhcjs» `hbprjcmj «glbnenl
y lbhr».
Eujih dj puctulmh bn irlmh mj sltnsgl``nðc l`tule rjspj`th l `lml ìrjl, mje ?
le <?. _hr jajbpeh, `hbh jc je ìrjl mj prhpðsnth `hcsnmjrh quj jsthy fnjc, dj
dj`dh mhs puctnths jc el eâcjl mj el rujml `hrrjsphcmnjctj le cnvje > y dj
trlzlmh ucl eâcjl quj ehs ucj. Pn rjsuetl quj bn pjr`jp`nðc mj sltnsgl``nðc
rjspj`th l el prì`tn`l mj jajr`n`nh gâsn`h js mj uc 0, eh puctñh blr`lcmh ehs
mhs puctnths jc jsj cnvje. El vlehrl`nðc js leih thtlebjctj sufajtnvh1 pujmh
ch tjcjr plrjal y puctulrbj buy fnjc jc je lbhr, phrquj bj snjcth jc plz
rjspj`th l jstj tjbl. Zcl vjz puctulmhs thmhs ehs qujsnths, rjeejch el
sufìrjl quj dl qujmlmh mjctrh mj el rujml.
< Jsth eh lprjcmâ `ulcmh bj dn`j bn @lrtl Cltle `hc el blicâgn`l lstrðehil Jevl Lfrne.
6 @hbh vjrìs l `hctncul`nðc, ehs dj lbpenlmh l 7, flsìcmhbj jc els ncvjstnil`nhcjs jc je
uc
Elpelc, `hbh dlrjbhs
rj`hbpjcsl1 jc el sniunjctj
dls mjs`ufnjrth sj``nðc. jbh`nhcle quj tj lphrtlc tus
el rj`hbpjcsl
dìfnths y quj je tru`h rjsnmj jc jc`hctrlr jshs fjcjgn`nhs jc htrls
`hcmu`tls quj tj lyumjc l `unmlrtj bjahr.
El `rjjc`nl1 plrl quj je `lbfnh mj dìfnths sjl pjrblcjctj, el `rjjc`nl
quj ehs sustjctl mjfj sjr sðenml y ñtne. _hrquj `ulcmh thmh vl fnjc js
rjeltnvlbjctj gì`ne blctjcjr ehs cujvhs dìfnths, pjrh sn els `hsls sj tujr`jc,
el tjctl`nðc mj rj`ljr jc ehs lctniuhs dìfnths ilcl gujrzl. _hr jsh, js mj
vntle nbphrtlc`nl quj lenbjctjs `rjjc`nls quj tj lphrtjc gj jc quj eh
pujmjs ehirlr.
Je¸Leiucl
_elc vjz dls pjcslmh jc quî qunjrjs rjlebjctj8 ¸]j dls pelctjlmh quî
tj iustlrâl `hcsjiunr l tn, `hbh ncmnvnmuh (ch `hbh blmrj, jsphsl, lbnil, dnal
h trlflalmhrl)8
Je _elc js uc mh`ubjcth jc je quj js`rnfnrìs `hc mjtleej eh quj qunjrjs
`hcsjiunr y `ðbh eh vls l ehirlr. Jc îe sj rj`hij je hfajtnvh gncle y ehs plshs
jspj`âgn`hs quj mj`nmnrìs eejvlr l `lfh plrl `hcsjiunreh.
Le ncn`nh mje enfrh tj pjmâ quj js`rnfnjrls tu «plrl quî», je bhtnvh phr je `ule
qujrâls dl`jr jstj prhirlbl. Vj`upjrl je jcuc`nlmh quj js`rnfnstj. ]le vjz tu
hfajtnvh dlyl `lbfnlmh. Ch nbphrtl. Vjjs`râfjeh l`hrmj l eh quj ldhrl
snjctls.
L el dhrl mj ncn`nlr `ulequnjr `lbfnh mj dìfnths y blctjcjreh, dly quj tjcjr
uc bhtnvh, uc hfajtnvh gujrtj, ucl plsnðc, leih quj tj bujvl bu`dh y quj tj
mj gujrzls plrl sjiunr lmjelctj. Lsâ quj vls l jbpjzlr phr mjgncnr quî js eh
quj qunjrjs `hc`rjtlbjctj. Ncmjpjcmnjctjbjctj mj eh quj su`jml jc tu vnml
ldhrl, eh prnbjrh js eh`lenzlr je «quî». ^ `ulcmh tnjcjs je «quî», sn js
nbphrtlctj plrl tn, jc`hctrlrìs je «`ðbh» `hcsjiunreh.
Ldhrl pjrbâtjbj dl`jrtj htrl prjiuctl1 ¸_lrl quî qunjrjs `hcsjiunr eh quj
tj prhphcjs8
«bjahrlr @hc`rjtl le prjiñctltj
bn luthjstnbl», bìxnbh tusquî bhtnvhs.
sjrâl Pn,
plrlphr jajbpeh,tutuluthjstnbl
tn bjahrlr hfajtnvh jsy
quî lspj`th jspj`âgn`h bjahrlrâl sn tuvnjrls bìs luthjstnbl. H sn dls js`rnth
«tjcjr ucl bjahr sleum», prj`nsl quî lspj`th mj tu sleum tj iustlrâl bjahrlr
(qunzìs tjcjr bjahrjs mnijstnhcjs, ejvlctlrtj `hc bìs jcjriâl phr el blülcl,
nr bjahr le flüh, mjalr mj sjctnr mhehr jc els rhmneels…).
¸_lrl quî qunjrjs `hcsjiunreh8
Je plrl quî tj `hcj`tl `hc tus vlehrjs, `hc els `hsls quj rjlebjctj tj
nbphrtlc. Jc je `lpâtueh shfrj el `hdjrjc`nl vntle vnbhs quj `ulcmh tus
l``nhcjs shc `hdjrjctjs `hc tus vlehrjs, tj snjctjs sltnsgj`dh. Wjrngn`l quj tu
hfajtnvh jstî lencjlmh `hc tus vlehrjs pujs, sn vl jc `hctrl mj eh quj tj
nbphrtl, ¸`hcsjiunreh tj prhphr`nhclrì plz y mnsgrutj8 _hr supujsth quj ch.
]lrajtl mj ehs fjcjgn`nhs
L eh elrih mje enfrh djbhs vnsth quj ehs dìfnths ch sj nctjirlc phr
hfjmnjc`nl, phr prnvl`nðc cn phr ðrmjcjs nbpjrltnvls. @ubpenbhs cujstrhs
hfajtnvhs `ulcmh cujstrh `jrjfrh jctnjcmj quj shc fjcjgn`nhshs plrl
chshtrhs y quj chs lphrtlc ucl rj`hbpjcsl. _hr jeeh tj sjrì buy ñtne quj
js`rnfls uc enstlmh mj ehs bhtnvhs ”fjcjgn`nhs” phr ehs `ulejs vlej el pjcl
ehirlr tu hfajtnvh.
Bn hfajtnvh bj lphrtlrì...
_ujmjs plslr jshs fjcjgn`nhs l ucl `lrtuencl y phcjrel jc el cjvjrl h jc uc
euilr vnsnfej plrl quj, `lml vjz quj el vjls, rj`ujrmjs plrl quî qunjrjs eejvlr
l `lfh je `lbfnh.
Hah `hc els ijcjrlenzl`nhcjs
Bu`dls pjrshcls `rjjc quj `ulcmh `hcsnilc lmjeilzlr h sj vjlc bìs
ltrl`tnvls, su vnml sj sheu`nhclrì y sjrìc phr gnc gjen`js. Pn js tu `lsh y `rjjs
quj `ulcmh tjcils ucl gniurl jspj`tl`uelr `hcsjiunrìs plrjal, vls l phmjr
eejvlr el rhpl quj tj iustl, tu luthjstnbl lubjctlrì, hptlrìs l uc trlflah
bjahr, tj sjctnrìs l iusth `hctnih bnsbl y vnlalrìs bìs… ]j vls l grustrlr
bu`dh. _hrquj jstlrìs snjcmh vâ`tnbl mj el glel`nl mj «`luslenmlm ncvjrsl»1
thblrìs je jgj`th `hbh el `lusl, bnjctrls quj jc rjlenmlm el supujstl `lusl,
js je jgj`th.
¸\uî tj gletl plrl le`lczlr jsh quj tñ mjsjls8 ¸\uî tj mjtnjcj mj ehirlr je
hfajtnvh ldhrl8 ¸\uî pnjcsls dl`jr `hc jsth8
_njcsl jc jstrltjinls quj tj pjrbntlc enmnlr `hc ehs hfstì`uehs quj pujmlc
lplrj`jr phr je `lbnch y quj tj eejvjc l vhevjr l tus vnjahs, pjrh `hcghrtlfejs,
dìfnths.
JAJB_EHP1 bnjmh l grl`lslr, gletl mj bhtnvl`nðc, ncgrlvlehrlr el nbphrtlc`nl mj
`hcsjiunreh, gletl mj luthjstnbl, sjr ph`h `hcstlctj, blel ijstnðc mje tnjbph,
gletl mj gujrzl mj vheuctlm, gletl mj mncjrh…
Eh quj yl tnjcjs
¸\uî rj`urshs tnjcjs yl plrl le`lczlr tu hfajtnvh8
Pn, phr jajbpeh, tu hfajtnvh js `hbjr bìs sleumlfejbjctj, pujmj sjr quj
l`tulebjctj ch eh dlils pjrgj`th, pjrh prhflfejbjctj ch `hbls ble l thmls
dhrls. ¸\uî js eh quj yl jstìs dl`njcmh fnjc jc jstj bhbjcth8 Jsth sjrâl uc
rj`ursh quj yl phsjjs.
Enstlmh mj bn`rhplshs
«Zc vnlaj mj bne bneels `hbnjczl `hc uc prnbjr plsh».
Elh ]sj
Eeuvnl mj bn`rhplshs
¸_hmrâls jc`hctrlr bìs hp`nhcjs8 ¸Pn uc lbnih jstuvnjrl jc tu sntul`nðc, quî
<. <.
6. 6.
0. 0.
… …
VJPZBNJCMH
:. ]u «^h guturh»
7. Eh quj tj gletl
9. Eh quj yl tnjcjs
4. Enstlmh mj bn`rhplshs
Luthslfhtlajs
«Cujstrh tjbhr bìs prhgucmh ch js quj sjlbhs nclmj`ulmhs. Cujstrh tjbhr bìs
prhgucmh js quj shbhs jx`jsnvlbjctj phmjrhshs. Js cujstrl euz y ch cujstrl hs`urnmlm
el quj chs ltjbhrnzl. Chs prjiuctlbhs1 ¸qunîc shy yh plrl sjr frneelctj, blicâgn`h,
tlejcthsh y glfuehsh8 Jc rjlenmlm, ¸qunîc jrjs plrl ch sjreh8 Ncgrlvlehrìcmhtj ch lyumls
le bucmh. Ch dly clml mj ncstru`tnvh jc jc`hijrsj plrl quj htrls pjrshcls ch sj snjctlc
ncsjiurls `jr`l l tn. Jstl irlcmjzl mj jspârntu ch sj jc`ujctrl sheh jc leiuchs mj
chshtrhs; jstì jc thmhs. ^ le pjrbntnr quj frneej cujstrl prhpnl euz, mj ghrbl tì`ntl
jstlbhs mlcmh l ehs mjbìs pjrbnsh plrl dl`jr eh bnsbh. Le enfjrlrchs mj cujstrh prhpnh
bnjmh, luthbìtn`lbjctj cujstrl prjsjc`nl enfjrl l htrhs».
Blrnlccj Yneenlbshc
_rhgjshrl jspnrntule, js`rnthrl y l`tnvnstl
Jc ijcjrle, els buajrjs chs gnalbhs bìs jc el pîrmnml mj pjsh quj ehs
dhbfrjs, y tjcjbhs blyhr tjcmjc`nl l sjr `râtn`ls `hc cujstrh `ujrph. El
rjvnstl Ielbhur, l trlvîs mj ucl jc`ujstl quj rjlenzð l 00.??? buajrjs, rjvjeð
quj je 9: % mj els plrtn`nplctjs mj`elrlflc jstlr mjblsnlmh ihrmls. ^
`urnhslbjctj, je >? % mj ehs lsnstjctjs l bns `urshs shc buajrjs.
Pnjbprj bj dj prjiuctlmh l quî sj mjfj jstl frj`dl. ¸_hmrâl mjfjrsj l
bj`lcnsbhs fnheðin`hs `hbh els dhrbhcls8 ¸H l quj, l mngjrjc`nl mj ehs
dhbfrjs, els buajrjs tjcjbhs bìs mjpðsnths mj irlsl plrl glvhrj`jr el
gjrtnenmlm8 ¸]le vjz phr el nbphrtlc`nl `ueturle quj sj el ml l el lplrnjc`nl
gâsn`l mj els buajrjs8 ¸_hr ehs rhejs mj iîcjrh8 Jc je ghcmh `rjh quj (y jsth
bj eh sl`h mj el blcil, ch dj fus`lmh ncvjstnil`nhcjs l jstj rjspj`th), jc
ijcjrle, els buajrjs tjcjbhs el luthjstnbl bìs flantl quj ehs dhbfrjs y jsh
chs eejvl l prhyj`tlr cujstrl vleâl jc cujstrh gâsn`h.
Ncmjpjcmnjctjbjctj mj `uìe sjl tu iîcjrh, ¸tj dl h`urrnmh leiucl vjz quj,
austh jc je bhbjcth jc quj jstlfls jc je fujc `lbnch dl`nl ehirlr uc
hfajtnvh, rjlplrj`nð El Whz `hcvjc`nîcmhtj mj quj eh quj tj dlfâls
prhpujsth ch jrl phsnfej plrl tn8
_hr jajbpeh, jc jstj pucth mje prhirlbl bu`dls pjrshcls jc`ujctrlc leiucl
rlzðc, phr ch eelblrej jx`usl, plrl lflcmhclreh. L pjslr mj quj jstlflc
bhtnvlmls y mj quj dlfâlc mlmh plshs snicngn`ltnvhs, rjpjctnclbjctj
Ehs lcuc`nhs mj tjejvnsnðc, els rjvnstls gjbjcncls, ehs prhirlbls mj rlmnh, els
rjmjs sh`nlejs y els pìincls mj Nctjrcjt sj mnrnijc dl`nl jsl plrtj mj cujstrl
bjctj quj l`jptl ehs bjcslajs cjiltnvhs `hbh `ulcmh îrlbhs cnühs. El
tjejvnsnðc tnjcj uc phmjr dnpcðtn`h quj chs eejvl le jstlmh legl, mhcmj yl
slfjs quj els nmjls y ehs bjcslajs sj irlflc bìs prhgucmlbjctj quj jc
jstlmh fjtl.
Nbìijcjs mj bhmjehs jtîrjls, lcuc`nhs mj mnjtls, dnsthrnls mj ijctj glbhsl
quj ilcl y pnjrmj pjsh chs ncmu`jc l utnenzlr cujstrh `ujrph `hbh mnlcl
mhcmj prhyj`tlr cujstrh blejstlr. Je bjcslaj quj chs jcvâlc, clml
sufenbncle phr `njrth, js quj plrl sjr gjen`js tjcjbhs quj jstlr mjeilmhs. Je
blctrl quj chs nch`uelc js quj ch shbhs sugn`njctj `hbh shbhs h `hbh
jstlbhs. \uj sn jstuvnîrlbhs mjeilmhs, chs qujrrâlc.
El ncghxn`l`nðc l el quj jstlbhs shbjtnmhs js ucl jcgjrbjmlm mj el bjctj,
ch mje `ujrph. _rhvh`l quj, lctjs mj js`u`dlr l cujstrh prhpnh `ujrph,
js`u`djbhs l pufen`nstls, jxpjrths y `jejfrnmlmjs. _hr glvhr, mjal mj l`jptlr
je bjcslaj mj quj mjfjrâls `lbfnlr tu `ujrph plrl sjr gjenz. _lrl jeeh, tj
prhjc`ujctrjs jvntlcmh eh quj tnjcjs quj dl`jr, phr pjrjzl h nc`hbhmnmlm,
phcih uc rjth1
El mnjtl bjmnìtn`l
]nps lctnrrj`lâml
Pn tnjcjs uc ble mâl y eh j`dls thmh phr el fhrml, ch mjsjspjrjs. Js clturle
quj su`jml y ghrbl plrtj mje prh`jsh. Le`lczlr hfajtnvhs js `hbh flnelr uc
vles1 mlbhs trjs plshs plrl ltrìs phr `lml plsh quj mlbhs dl`nl lmjelctj.
¡_jrh sjiunbhs flnelcmh! Lmjbìs, uc ble mâl pujmj rjlgnrblrtj jc tu
mjtjrbncl`nðc plrl sjiunr `hc tu hfajtnvh. ^ l plrtnr mj jsj fl`dj, rjsuetl
bu`dh bìs gì`ne blctjcjr tu `hbprhbnsh.
@îctrltj jc je prh`jsh, ch jc je rjsuetlmh gncle. @ulcmh tj jc`ujctrjs
jvntlcmh eh quj tnjcjs quj dl`jr, phr pjrjzl h nc`hbhmnmlm, phc tu
ltjc`nðc jc je prh`jsh mj `hcstru``nðc, jc ehs bn`rhplshs. _hr jajbpeh, jc
euilr mj pjcslr jc tu hfajtnvh mj jstlr jc ghrbl, mntj1 «vhy l dl`jr uc plsjh
mj 6? bncuths».
L tu zhbfn nctjrnhr ej iustlc ehs prh`jshs, phrquj ehs pujmj rjlenzlr snc tu
cj`jsnmlm mj pjcslr. Lsâ `hcvnjrtjs l tu zhbfn jc tu lenlmh.
@ulcmh tj vjcils lflah, dlz ucls rjspnrl`nhcjs prhgucmls, gjen`âtltj phr
Dhy jc mâl, `lml mhs phr trjs tjcjbhs `hbnmls y `jcls jc rjstlurlctjs, jc
els quj el `hbnml sleumlfej ch sujej lfucmlr. Je snbpej dj`dh mj `hbjr jc
`hbplüâl mj htrhs
phrquj slfjs quj h gujrl mj `lsl, nc`ubpenrìs
prhflfejbjctj pujmj sjr ucl
tus gujctj
dìfnthsmj
mjprjh`upl`nðc,
lenbjctl`nðc
`hcs`njctj y jejinrìs pelths quj cuc`l `hbjs jstlcmh shel h jc `lsl.
Ehs leubchs mj bns `urshs l bjcumh bj `hbjctlc1 «L vj`js `hbh lctjs mj
slenr mj `lsl plrl ch `hbjr mjblsnlmh… Lucquj ch bj snrvj mj bu`dh».
«]jcih bnjmh `ulcmh pnjcsh jc slenr l `jclr `hc bns lbnihs, phrquj vhy l
`hbjr mjblsnlmh». _hrquj l vj`js h`urrj quj, mj leiucl blcjrl, sjctnbhs
`hbh sn cujstrhs l`hbplülctjs chs mnjrlc pjrbnsh plrl `hbjr ehs lenbjcths
quj chshtrhs ch chs pjrbntnbhs. H `hbjbhs `hsls ph`h sleumlfejs, quj
chrblebjctj ch pjmnrâlbhs, snbpejbjctj plrl l`hbplülr l el htrl pjrshcl.
Jc h`lsnhcjs chs enbntlbhs l el dhrl mj pjmnr eh quj rjlebjctj mjsjlbhs
`hbjr phr bnjmh l quj chs auziujc1 «\uî vlc l pjcslr mj bâ… ¡quj shy ucl
`hbnehcl!».
Mjtrìs mj jstj tnph mj prjh`upl`nhcjs dly bnjmh. Wlbhs l lgrhctlreh
lctn`npìcmhchs le jvjcth mj slenr l `hbjr gujrl `hc el `lpl`nmlm quj thmhs ehs
sjrjs dublchs phsjjbhs, mj prjplrlrchs bjctlebjctj lctjs mj `hbjr gujrl
y jc `hbplüâl, plrl jvntlr quj tjcil uc nbpl`th shfrj je cujstrh pjsh y
cujstrh jstlmh mj ìcnbh.
Lctjs mj nr l uc jvjcth jc je quj pujmj dlfjr mjs`hctrhe `hc el `hbnml y el
fjfnml, js`u`dl el vnsulenzl`nðc quj jc`hctrlrìs jc el wjf plrl lgrhctlreh `hc
ucl sjcsl`nðc mj `lebl, mnsgrutlcmh mj el `hbnml y mj el `hbplüâl, snc `hbjr
< Pj tj pjmnrì ucl `hctrlsjül plrl jctrlr, nctrhmu`j el bnsbl quj jc el wjf «LMNHP
DLBFVJJBH@NHCLE».
_lrtj 7
_HCNJCMH GNC L EL IZJVVL
«Els vjrmlmjrls fltleels sj enfrlc jc je nctjrnhr».
Pð`rltjs
<9
hfenil`nhcjs», h pujmjs hptlr phr dlfelrtj `hc lblfnenmlm1 «Ch plsl clml,
thmhs chs jqunvh`lbhs». «Eh nbphrtlctj js quj eh jstìs nctjctlcmh». «Ch eh
dls dj`dh fnjc, pjrh blülcl sjrì htrh mâl y eh phmrìs vhevjr l nctjctlr».
¸Mjsmj `uìe mj jsths mhs mns`urshs nctjrchs tj pujmj sjr bìs gì`ne sjiunr
lvlczlcmh dl`nl tu prhpðsnth mj `unmlrtj bjahr8
«Pn qunjrjs quj htrhs sjlc gjen`js prl`tn`l el `hbplsnðc; y sn qunjrjs sjr gjenz tñ,
prl`tn`l el `hbplsnðc».
]jcznc Iyltsh
<=± Mleln-Elbl mje ]nfjt
@ulcmh els `hsls ch sleilc `hbh jspjrlfls, rj`ujrml `ðbh sjrâl je thch quj
utnenzlrâls `hc tu bjahr lbnih, sn jstuvnjrl jc tu bnsbl sntul`nðc. ]le vjz ej
mnrâls, `hsls `hbh «Jsth quj snjctjs js mhehrhsh, pjrh plslrì», «L thmhs chs
pujmj plslr leih lsâ», «Jqunvh`lrchs js dublch», «Pnjbprj nctjctls dl`jreh
eh bjahr phsnfej, pjrh l vj`js ch slej tlc fnjc `hbh qunsnjrls, y ch tj mjfjs
`ueplr phr jeeh», jt`… Js nbphrtlctj quj je thch quj utnen`js sjl lblfej y
`ìenmh.
Luth`hbplsnðc
Luth`hbplsnðc y lenbj
lenbjctl`nðc
ctl`nðc `hcs
`hcs`njctj
`njctj
Eujih, rjpntj
dlfelrtj jc dlrâls
`hbh eh vhz letl
`hc helbjctlebjctj
pjrshcl l el els
qujsniunjctjs grlsjs. Vj`ujrml
qunjrjs, `ulcmh trltls mj
`hcshelrel1
Lctjs djbhs vnsth quj `ulcmh ehs dublchs tjcjbhs mjblsnlmh, plrj`j quj
`lml vjz cujstrls vnmls chs sltnsgl`jc bjchs y cujstrh sjctnmh mj el irltntum
sj ltrhgnl. Ch hfstlctj, phmjbhs rjlenzlr vlrnls prì`tn`ls plrl jctrjclr je
bñs`ueh mj el irltntum, plrl vnvnr ucl jxnstjc`nl sltnsgl`thrnl y enfrj mj
sugrnbnjcth.
Pî `hcs`njctj mj el prjsjc`nl mj tu `hbnml, lirlmj`j tjcjrel. Lctjs mj
Mnej eh quj qunjrls. Ch js cj`jslrnh quj sjl buy jxtjcsl. Js`râfjel l blch.
@hbplrth `hctnih el prj`nhsl `lrtl quj ucl leubcl js`rnfnð l su `ujrph1
\ujrnmh `ujrph1
Dj jstlmh jcglmlml `hctnih murlctj bu`dh tnjbph y bj dl rjsuetlmh mngâ`ne pjrmhclrtj. Jc
leiñc bhbjcth `jmâ thmh bn phmjr l bn bjctj mjsfh`lml, qunjc thbð je blcmh y mnrninð
cujstrl jxnstjc`nl. L plrtnr mj jcthc`js, gun l`ubuelcmh `lpls y `lpls mj `jfheel, mj mhehr,
mj irlsl y mj sugrnbnjcth quj bj mnstlc`nlflc y mjs`hcj`tlflc mj tn, mj cujstrh `hrlzðc,
mhcmj rjsnmjc el gjen`nmlm, el plz y je fnjcjstlr.
Bj pjiuî ucl bìs`lrl jc el `lrl plrl bhstrlr le bucmh, quj bj nfl mnstlc`nlcmh bìs y
bìs mj cujstrl vjrmlmjrl clturlejzl. Jc jsl mnstlc`nl sj nfl jcslc`dlcmh uc jchrbj vl`âh
quj nctjctlfl eejclr `hc el `hbnml y `hc htrls sustlc`nls.
¡^ yh quj `rjâl quj tu `jeuentns y tu gel`nmjz jrlc el rlâz mj thmhs bns prhfejbls! _jrh ldhrl
`hbprjcmh quj ch jrlc bìs quj ucl sjüle mj quj jstlfl yjcmh jc `hctrl mj bâ bnsbl. Ch
slfâl nctjrprjtlr tus bjcslajs. _jrmðclbj, `ujrpj`nth.
Ldhrl sî quj jrls el plctleel quj bj bhstrlfl thmh lqujeeh quj ch bj dl`âl gjenz. ^ quj
ehs knehs mj irlsl jrlc je js`umh jbh`nhcle quj bj prhtjiâl mj ehs mjbìs.
Irl`nls l quj `uetnvî el `lebl y je snejc`nh pumj vjr `hc `elrnmlm quj el bjctj dlfâl
lmqunrnmh mjblsnlmh prhtlihcnsbh jc cujstrls vnmls. ^ quj chs jstlfl mjstruyjcmh.
Mjalbhs mj dl`jr lqujeels `hsls quj chs jc`lctlflc, `hbh flnelr, mlrchs blslajs y
lfrlzhs y pnctlr. Bn `hcgnlczl jc tn, jc bâ, guj sh`lvlml.
_jrh lprjcmâ l vjrtj, l sjctnrtj y l js`u`dlrtj y `hehquî el bjctj le sjrvn`nh mj cujstrh
`hrlzðc, cujstrh irlc lenlmh. Jbpj`î phr mjsdl`jrbj mj jsl gleml quj iulrmlfl jc je
lrblrnh mjsmj je 6??<. Vjcuc`nî l nctjctlr bjtjrtj jc tjalchs nbphsnfejs. Bj mnstlc`nî mj
`njrtls pjrshcls y mj `njrtls sntul`nhcjs quj bj jbpualflc dl`nl lflah.
Mj ghrbl ejctl y `lsn nbpjr`jptnfej, mjaî mj mj`nr «Ch tjcih tnjbph plrl `unmlrtj» y bj
ltrjvâ l plrlr, l mlrtj mjs`lcsh, l tjcjr tnjbph enfrj.
Mjsnstâ mj mjsjlr quj gujrls mngjrjctj, y `hbjc`î l l`jptlrtj jc tu thtlenmlm, nc`eunmhs tus
bn`djencjs, tus pj`dhs `lâmhs y tus rhmneels thr`nmls.
Ldhrl lirlmjz`h l bn vnjctrj quj dlyl snmh je rj`jptì`ueh mj eh quj bìs qunjrh jc je
bucmh. Bj vnsth `hc shstjcjs sjxys y lirlmjz`h l bns rhmneels thmh je pjsh quj dlc tjcnmh
quj `lrilr.
]j pnmh pjrmðc phr thmh je mlüh quj tj dj dj`dh. ]j mhy els irl`nls phr tu rjsnstjc`nl. Dls
dj`dh ilel mj ucl irlc `lpl`nmlm mj rj`upjrl`nðc. _jrh yl ch cj`jsnth prhtj``nðc. El
prhtj``nðc quj eejvls tlcth tnjbph lcdjelcmh tj el vhy l mlr yh, ¡yl jsthy lquâ! ^h shy tñ.
Ldhrl sî quj je lbhr js eh ñcn`h rjle y quj clml pujmj mjstrunreh.
mjstrunreh.
]j lbh phr jstlr snjbprj ldâ.
Pnjbprj tuyl,
]u iujrrjrl
< Jemh`ubjctle El tjhrâl suj`l mje lbhr ncmlil jc ehs hrâijcjs mj el shejmlm quj ncvlmj l el
sh`njmlm suj`l. Jc els sh`njmlmjs «lvlczlmls» `rjjbhs quj el ncmjpjcmjc`nl ml el gjen`nmlm,
phr eh quj rhbpjbhs ehs elzhs quj chs ucjc l ehs mjbìs. _jrh, tle `hbh ncmn`ð uc jstumnh mj
@ruz Vhal, je =? % mj ehs suj`hs sj snjctj lflcmhclmh y uch mj `lml `ultrh bujrj snc quj
clmnj rj`elbj su `lmìvjr.
<4
Jc `hc`eusnðc… _jrbâtjtj
gjenz `hbjr y sî
Pn `hc jstj prhirlbl `hcsniujs le bjchs trjs `hsls, dlfrì bjrj`nmh el lejirâl
dlfjreh js`rnth1
@hbjr eh quj mjsjjs `ulcmh tjcils dlbfrj
Pjctnr y sltnsgl`jr tus jbh`nhcjs mjslirlmlfejs
Jstlr l iusth `hc el pjrshcl y `hc je `ujrph quj jrjs dhy
^ sn `hctncñls lenbjctlcmh1
• ]u `ujrph `hc `hbnml quj tj cutrj
• ]u `hrlzðc `hc `hbplsnðc, lirlmj`nbnjcth y lbhr
• ]u `hcs`njc`nl `hc el prì`tn`l mj el ltjc`nðc pejcl
]jcmrìs ucl vnml y uc `ujrph jc sncthcâl `hc sus ejyjs clturlejs, `hc tus
vlehrjs, `hc tus `rjjc`nls phsnfnentlmhrls, `hc tus pjcslbnjcths ñtnejs, `hc els
jbh`nhcjs fnjc ltjcmnmls y `hc el `hcgnlczl jc tn bnsbl quj tj pjrbntnrìc
vnvnr el vnml pejcl y gjenz quj tj bjrj`js.
Irl`nls phr dlfjr eejilmh dlstl lquâ.
«Bj lrrjpnjcth mj els mnjtls, mj ehs pelths mjen`nhshs rj`dlzlmhs phr vlcnmlm, tlcth
`hbh elbjcth els h`lsnhcjs mj dl`jr je lbhr quj dj mjalmh plslr phr h`uplrbj mj
tlrjls pjcmnjctjs h phr vnrtum purntlcl».
Nslfje Leejcmj
Fnfenhirlgâl sjej``nhclml
Ìelvl
Blmrnm, Vjyjs,
6??6. Bª Ajsñs1
El ncutnenmlm mje sugrnbnjcth, El Jsgjrl mj ehs Enfrhs,
”1 Eh bjahr mj tu vnml jrjs tñ , El Jsgjrl mj ehs Enfrhs, Blmrnm, 6?<4.
Frlmghrm, Bhctsj1 El lenbjctl`nðc y els jbh`nhcjs, H`îlch, Bîxn`h, 6?<9.
Fyrhc, K., y Ptjpdjc, B.1 Lblr eh quj js1 @ultrh prjiuctls quj pujmjc `lbfnlr tu vnml,
Fhhks=ph`kjt, Flr`jehcl, 6??>.
@lbpneeh Ìevlrjz, Ahsî Jcrnquj1 Je bhch hfjsh1 El jvheu`nðc dublcl y els
jcgjrbjmlmjs mj el hpuejc`nl, Zrlch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<?.
@lbphs Clvlrrh, Jvl1 Len`nl jc je plâ plâss mj els rhsquneels1 Zc vnlaj nctjrnhr l trlvîs mj tus
knehs mj bìs, Zrlch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<0.
@dhprl, Mjjplk1 ¸Mj quî tnjcjs dlbfrj81 El sheu`nðc @dhprl plrl el pîrmnml mj pjsh
pjrblcjctj, je fnjcjstlr y je lenbjcth mje lebl, Zrlch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<=.
@dhzjc Flys, Alc1 @hbjr ltjcths1 Iuâl plrl rjmjs`ufrnr ucl rjel`nðc slcl `hc ehs
lenbjcths, Klnrðs, Flr`jehcl, 6?<0.
MnPlevh, Mlvnm1 \uî dl`j gjenz l tu `jrjfrh. ^ phr quî mjfjrâls dl`jr eh `hctrlrnh, Jmlg,
Blmrnm, 6?<=.
Mudnii, @dlrejs1 Je phmjr mj ehs dìfnths1 _hr quî dl`jbhs eh quj dl`jbhs jc el vnml y jc
el jbprjsl, Wjrilrl, Flr`jehcl, 6?<6.
Gejtl, ^., y Inbîcjz, A.1 @hl`dnci cutrn`nhcle1 Dlz quj tu mnjtl guc`nhcj, Mjfhesneeh,
Flr`jehcl, 6?<:.
Ilfrnje, Ahc1 Je bîthmh Ilfrnje1 ]rlcsghrbl tu `ujrph snc dl`jr mnjtl, Zrlch, Flr`jehcl,
6?<?.
Ijhrinjvn`d Phbhv, _lvje1 Jltnci tdj bhbjct1 <=< bncmgue prl`tn`js th hvjr`hbj
hvjrjltnci hcj bjle lt l tnbj, Cjw Dlrfncijr _ufen`ltnhcs, 6??4.
Ihejblc, Mlcnje1 Ncn`nl`nðc le bncmguecjss, Klnrðs, Flr`jehcl, 6?<:.
”1 Gh`us, Klnrðs, Flr`jehcl, 6?<0.
Irlnc, Djejc1 Bncmguecjss. El blinl mje bhbjcth, _eltlghrbl Jmnthrnle, Flr`jehcl,
6?<7.
Dly, E., Kdlmrh, L., y Mlcj, D.1 _jcslbnjcths y lenbjcths, Zrlch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<:.
Klflt-Qncc, Ahdc1 Bncmgucjss jc el vnml `htnmnlcl, _lnmðs, Flr`jehcl, 6?<?.
Elrruy, Lcthcnh A.1 Wnvnr snc pjcslr, vnvnr jc pejcntum1 Vjspujstls mje lebl l els prjiuctls
mj el vnml, @ulmrneìtjrh mj enfrhs, Ej`tnh, Flr`jehcl, 6?<=.
Ehbflrtj, E., y Gejtl, ^.1 Els jbh`nhcjs sj snjctlc l el bjsl, @hblcjirl, 6?<>.
B`kjccl, _lue1 _ujmh dl`jrtj lmjeilzlr, Jsplsl, Blmrnm, 6?<?.
Cdl ]dlc, ]., y @djuci, E.1 Plfhrjlr1 Bncmguecjss plrl `hbjr y vnvnr fnjc, Hcnrh,
Flr`jehcl, 6?<<.
_îrjz Plctnlih, Euns1 ]hmh js phsnfej1 Lprjcmj l ijstnhclr tu vnml `hc je `hctrhe bjctle y
je Bîthmh Pnevl, Jmlg, Blmrnm, 6?<7.
_ummn`hbfj, Lcmy1 Mnjtl bncmguecjss1 Lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj `hc je bîthmh djlmspl`j,
Jmlg, Blmrnm, 6?<=.
_ucsjt, Jmulrmh1 Je vnlaj le phmjr mj el bjctj, Mjstnch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<?.
”1 Je lebl jstì jc je `jrjfrh, Mjstnch, Flr`jehcl, 6?<6.
\unctjrh, A., Gîenx-Le`ìctlrl B. _., Flczh Lriuns, @., Gjrcìcmjz Vhah, P., y Bhrl
Bâciujz, G.1 Dlbfrj, jbh`nhcjs y `jrjfrh1 @hbjr `hc el `lfjzl, JBPJ JML__ P.E.,
6?<4.
Vhtd, Ijjcjc1 @ulcmh el `hbnml js bìs quj `hbnml1 Zc `lbnch jspnrntule plrl pjrmjr
pjsh y rj`upjrlr el luthjstnbl, F=p, 6?<9.
Vhurl, Curnl1 Lprjcmj l vnvnr, lprjcmj l `hbjr1 ]rlcsghrbl tu vnml, tu sleum y tu rjel`nðc
`hc el `hbnml, Qjcntd, 6?<9.
Phrnl, @rnstncl1 Ch shc els mnjtls, shc ehs dìfnths1 ]rlflal tu nctjrnhr plrl blctjcjr uc
jstneh mj vnml sleumlfej, Jsplsl, Blmrnm, 6?<4.
Yneenlbshc, Blrnlccj1 El mnjtl mje lebl1 6< ej``nhcjs jspnrntulejs quj phcmrìc gnc plrl
snjbprj l tus prhfejbls mj pjsh, Fhhks=ph`kjt, Flr`jehcl, 6?<7.
Lirlmj`nbnjcths
Djbhselsl`lflmh
thmls dlfelcmh
pjrshcls mj lirlmj`nbnjcth,
quj, mnrj`tl y yh mjsjh
h ncmnrj`tlbjctj, mlr els irl`nls
dlc `hctrnfunmh jc jel
cl`nbnjcth mj jstj enfrh. Jc plrtn`uelr, bj iustlrâl jxprjslr bn
lirlmj`nbnjcth1
L thmls els pjrshcls quj dlc sjiunmh je `ursh h snbnelr, quj tlcth bj dlfîns
jcsjülmh y mnvjrtnmh murlctj cujstrls sjsnhcjs. Irl`nls phr `hcgnlr jc bn
trlflah. Phns bns vjrmlmjrls bljstrls y vujstrls dnsthrnls dlc ncspnrlmh el
blyhrâl mj jcsjülczls quj `hbplrth jc jstj enfrh. ¡Wujstrhs îxnths bj
lcnblc mnlrnlbjctj l sjiunr trlflalcmh jc jstj prhyj`th!
L el gnje `hbucnmlm mj sus`rnpthrjs, tlcth mj bn wjf dlbfrjmjlbhr.`hb
`hbh mj bns rjmjs sh`nlejs. Bj lenbjctl `hcvjrslr y `hbplrtnr
vnrtulebjctj `hc vhshtrhs.
L thmhs ehs luthrjs, `uyhs tjxths dj `hcsuetlmh snc su pjrbnsh y quj dlc
plrtn`nplmh plsnvlbjctj jc jstj enfrh. ]hmhs shns bjc`nhclmhs jc el
fnfenhirlgâl.
L el mh`thrl @lrbjc P. Lejirâl, phr tu lphyh y phr tu fjeeh prðehih.
L bn psn`ðehil Lcl (tj el rj`hbnjcmh). Irl`nls l el tjrlpnl `hctnih dj
lprjcmnmh l l`jptlrbj y l lblrbj phr eh quj shy y phr eh quj ch shy.
L Euns. L tu elmh bj dj mlmh `ujctl mj quî snicngn`l je lbhr nc`hcmn`nhcle y
el jblc`npl`nðc jbh`nhcle. Irl`nls phr thmh eh quj bj dls jcsjülmh.
Irl`nls l bns plmrjs, phr cutrnrbj snjbprj quj eh dj cj`jsntlmh.
L bns djrblchs, Ahlc, Cñrnl, Blr`je y Iuneejb, phr thml ucl vnml aucths.
Irl`nls jc jspj`nle l Ahlc, phr `hrrjinr je enfrh `hc tlctl liumjzl y rlpnmjz.
^ tlbfnîc l Blr`je, phr je lenjcth y je lphyh nc`hcmn`nhcle quj bj dls
frncmlmh snjbprj. Bj snjcth hriueehsl mj el glbnenl quj tjcjbhs.
L Blrtl, phr tu lphyh mjsnctjrjslmh mjsmj je prnbjr `ursh quj nbplrtâ. Jrjs
el bjahr hrilcnzlmhrl mj jvjcths quj jxnstj. ^ irl`nls phr ehs `lgîs, ehs vnchs y
els rnsls `hbplrtnmls.
Irl`nls l bn `ujrph, phr sjr tlc lirlmj`nmh y fhcnth, y phr liulctlrbj
murlctj thmhs jsths lühs. L pjslr mj thmh eh quj tj dj bletrltlmh, dls dj`dh
ilel mj ucl irlc slfnmurâl j nc`rjâfej `lpl`nmlm mj rjjqunenfrnh.
Irl`nls l thmhs ehs `jctrhs quj dlfîns `hcgnlmh jc hgrj`jr bns tleejrjs mj
lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj y bncmgue jltnci.
Irl`nls l el jmnthrnle Jmlg, phr mlrbj el hphrtucnmlm mj `hbplrtnr bn
`rjltnvnmlm y phr tjcjr je vlehr mj pufen`lr uc enfrh mnstncth shfrj
lenbjctl`nðc `hcs`njctj y lmjeilzlbnjcth.
^ phr ñetnbh, pjrh ch bjchs nbphrtlctj, bu`dls irl`nls l tn, ej`thrl, ej`thr,
phr dlfjr `hcgnlmh jc bâ, y phr tu `hbprhbnsh `hc tu bnsnðc mj sjr bìs gjenz.
Htrhs tâtuehs