Molecular biology

What is the central dogma?

= DNA to RNA to Protein

What binds together to create proteins?

= amino acids

What is the template for the RNA sequence?

= dna

Where does translation occur?

= In the cytoplasm at a ribosome

What is produced by translation?

= proteins

In RNA, what base replaces Thymine?

= uracil

Determine the RNA sequence that compliments the DNA stranded:TACGGT

= AUGCCA

How does rRNA read the mRNA strand?

= in codons

Select all of the RNA types from the options below

= mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Where does transcription occur?

= nucleus

What is produced by transcription?

= mRNA

Which types of RNA are used in translation? Select all correct option
= = mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

What is a codon?
= A set of 3 nucleotides on mRNA

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids?

= trna

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into a mRNA sequence: ACGTATA

= UGCAUAU

The correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology is

= DNA - RNA – Protein
You have approximately 6 feet of DNA in each of your cells but only a small section of your DNA is
expressed (made) during protein synthesis. What is one possible benefit of the regulation (controlling)
of gene expression (what is produced)?
= Conservation of cell resources

Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that act to induce (stimulate) or repress (block) the
expression of a gene. This would directly have in impact on
= which mRNA is being produced

What signals the ribosome to begin translating the mRNA into a new amino acid sequence?
= start codon

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into a mRNA sequence: TTATGC

=AAUACG

A DNA strand has a nucleotide sequence of TAT GTG for a gene segment. What is the amino acid
sequence of the complementary mRNA strand?
= Isoleucine – Histidine

A DNA strand has a nucleotide sequence of ATT for a gene segment. What is the amino acid sequence of
the complementary mRNA strand?
= stop

brings a copy of the instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosome.
= mRNA

Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma (protein synthesis) of molecular biology?
= DNA - RNA – Protein

What processes are involved when the cell produces new proteins?
= transcription and translation

Both DNA and mRNA contain genetic code

= true

Transcription is a process where a portion of the cell's DNA is copied into a mRNA. This process takes
place in the nucleus.
= true

The molecule that brings a copy of the instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the
ribosome is
= mRNA

What similarities do DNA and mRNA share? Click all that apply.
= both contain genetic code, both have complimentary base pairs

If the ultimate goal of DNA replication is to correctly synthesize proteins to be used by the body, what is
the most likely result if DNA replicates incorrectly
= errors in protein synthesis
What signals the ribosome to end translating the mRNA into a new amino acid sequence?
= stop codon

What is the process happening at 2?

= translation

At what point along an mRNA strand does a ribosome start protein synthesis and at what point does it
end protein synthesis?
= It starts at the start codon and ends at the stop codon

Protein synthesis takes place in a ____________ and produces a _____________ .

= ribosome, protein

A gene will code for a specific ________ during the process of translation.
= protein

Gene regulation has to do with which genes are "turned on" and which genes are "turned off". Turned
on genes will be transcribed into mRNA that will eventually serve as instructions during the process of
translation. Since that is true, gene regulation will determine which
= mRNA is produced

Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a
sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
= true

DNA and mRNA contain the same sugar, a ribose sugar.

= False. DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar, mRNA contains a ribose sugar.

A gene is a portion of your DNA that codes for a specific ___________ during translation.
= protein

DNA and mRNA both contain the nitrogenous base Uracil.

= False. Only mRNA contains uracil.

What is the process happening at 1 in this illustration?

= transcription

An error occurred during DNA replication that was not caught during G2 of interphase. The DNA
sequence should have been TTG but instead it was TTC. What would be the result of the error?
= an error in protein synthesis

A DNA strand has a nucleotide sequence of TAA TCC TTC for a gene segment. What is the amino acid
sequence of the complementary mRNA strand of this DNA strand?
= Isoleucine - Arginine – Lysine

Protein synthesis takes place in the ______________ of the cell and is carried out by the
____________________.
= cytoplasm, ribosome
This is the name give to the three-nucleotide group that codes for one amino
acid.
= codon

If the mRNA codon is AUG, what is the tRNA anticodon?

= UAC

Which event occurs during transcription?

= a mRNA complimentary strand is made

Which type of RNA includes the anti-codon and delivers the amino acid to the
ribosome?
= trna

Which phrase best describes a gene?

= a segment of DNA coding for a given protein

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

= rna polymerase

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

=s

If there are 30 nucleotides in one gene, how may amino acids would be linked to
create that protein?
= 10

This name is given to the process of building proteins from mRNA

= translation

How many nitrogen bases form one codon?

=3

Which nucleic acid would contain the bases A-A-U-G-G-C?

= rna

Which nucleotide bases could be found in a molecule of RNA?

= adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

What will one molecule of tRNA do?

= combine with a single type of amino acid

Where are proteins created?

= ribosomes

What term describes the structure of DNA?

= double helix

What would be the original DNA sequence if the anti-codon sequence is GUC?
= GTC
Which molecule contains the genetic code?
= DNA

What name is given to the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into RNA?
= transcription

What is the name given to the sequence of joined amino acidsin a polypeptide
chain?
= protein

What material is carried to the ribosome by tRNA?

= amino acid

What is the result of DNA replication?

= Two identical DNA molecules

How many nucleotides would it take to create a protein chain of 9 amino acids?
= 27

What are the building blocks of DNA?

= nucleotides

A DNA strand has the base sequence AACGTAACG. What is the complimentary
RNA strand?
= UUGCAUUGC

Which would be the anticodon on the tRNA molecule if the codon on mRNA reads
AUG
= UAC