Pi 100 Module 3

Republic of the Philippines
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Prepared by: H. DE GUZMAN
Adopted by: MELL CONRAD ALCALA
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING
MODULE: Philippine Institution
100
Adopted by: MELL CONRAD
ALCALA
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LSPU Self-paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course Philippine Institution 100
Sem/AY Second Semester/2021-2022
Module No. 3
Lesson Title Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood, Early Education Exile, Trial, and Death
Week 9-13
Duration
Date
Descriptio This lesson will discuss the introduction to Rizal’s family, childhood, and early
n of the education. The people and events and their influence on Rizal’s early life. Also
Lesson included in this topic are short biographies, some qualities that put him as one of a
great Filipino hero. This will also discuss the exile, trial and death of Jose P. Rizal.
Martyrs are rare stars in the vast firmament of humanity. Every instance of
martyrdom is distinct in magnitude and direction. Indeed, martyrs are the meteors of
history – they flash across the sky and light the world and in the process consume
themselves leaving an impression in the conscience of mortal men.
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning
Learning outcome: ∙ explain Rizal’s family, childhood, and early education.
Outcomes ∙ discuss the exile, trial and death of Jose P. Rizal
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Objectives ∙ identify Rizal’s family, childhood, and early education
∙ determine the achievements and awards in early education of Rizal. ∙
appreciate the people that influence on Rizal’s early life
∙ determine the factors that led to Jose Rizal execution
∙ analyze the testimony of Cuerpo de Vigilancia
∙ explain the martyrdom of Jose P. Rizal

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Online 1. Online Discussion via Google Meet

Activities You will be directed to attend a Three -Hour class discussion on
Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood, Early Education Exile, Trial,
(Synchronous/
and Death. To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this
Asynchronous) link: ____________________.
2. Learning Guide Questions:

3. Did the sisters of Jose contribute to his moral and spiritual support? 4.
What are the unforgettable childhood memories and experiences of Jose
Rizal?
5. Who are the members of the Rizal’s family?
6. What are the achievements and rewards of Jose Rizal?
7. What are the contributions of Jose Rizal in Dapitan?
8. What was the decision of the Council of War to Jose Rizal?
Offline Lecture Guide

Activities CALAMBA, THE HERO’S TOWN
(e-Learning/S
elf Paced)
Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order, which
also owned all the lands around it. It is a town nestling on a verdant plain covered
with irrigated rice fields and sugar-lands.
In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student in Ateneo de Manila, he
remembered his beloved town. Accordingly, he wrote a poem Un Recuerdo a Mi
Pueblo.
Jose Rizal had many beautiful memories of childhood in his native town. He grew
up in a happy home, ruled by good parents, bubbling with joy, and satisfied by God’s
blessings.
The Birth of Jose P. Rizal
∙ Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 on the moonlit night of Wednesday at
the town of Calamba, Laguna.
∙ He was born as a Catholic and baptized in the Catholic church of his town on
June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino Collantes.
∙ His godfather was Father Pedro Casanas.

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Rizal Family
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos
∙ A wealthy woman in the Spanish colonial Philippines.

∙ She was the mother of Jose Rizal, the Philippines’ national hero.
∙ Born in Santa Cruz, Manila.
∙ Known for being a disciplinarian and hard-working mother.
∙ Her medical condition inspired Rizal to take up Medicine.
∙ She was the second child of Lorenzo Realonda and Brigida de Quintos.
Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro
∙ Father of the Philippines’ great hero Jose Rizal. He was born in Bin an,
Laguna.
∙ One of the children of Juan Monica Mercado and Cirila Alejandro. ∙ He
attended a Latin school in Bin an, which his sons would later attend. He
also attended the Colegio de San Jose in Manila, where he studied Latin
and philosophy.
God blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora

Alonso Realonda with eleven children – two boys and nine girls.
✔ Saturnina (1850 - 1913) – eldest of the Rizal sister, nicknamed
Neneng; married to Manuel Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
✔ Paciano (1851 – 1930) – older and only brother of Jose and became a
general; later he retired to his farm in Los Banos, Laguna.
✔ Narcisa (1852 - 1939) – She married Antonio Lopez, a school teacher
of Morong.
✔ Olimpia (1855 - 1887) – She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila.
✔ Lucia (1857 - 1919) – She married Mariano Herbosa, a Batangueno
farmer.
✔ Maria (1859 - 1945) – She married Daniel Cruz of Binan,
Laguna. ✔ Jose (1861 - 1896) – Greatest Filipino hero and
peerless genius. ✔ Concepcion (1862 - 1865) – She died at the
age of three.
✔ Josefa (1865 - 1945) - She died unmarried at the age of 80. ✔
Trinidad (1868 - 1951) – She also died unmarried at the age of 83. ✔
Soledad (1870 - 1919) – She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.

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ANCESTRY OF JOSE RIZAL
Father side of Jose Rizal

✔ Domingo Lameo
▪ A Chinese immigrant from Fukien City of Changchow He is Rizal’s
great-great-grandfather. He arrived in Manila about 1690. He
married a well-to-do Chinese Christian girl of Manila named Ines dela
Rosa, then assumed Mercado as his surname in 1731.
✔ Francisco Mercado
▪ Son of Domingo and Ines, great-grandfather of Jose Rizal. He married a
Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila Bernacha.
✔ Juan Mercado –
▪ One of Francisco and Cirila’s sons. He was the grandfather of Jose Rizal.
He was married to Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese-Filipino mestiza.
✔ Francisco Mercado
▪ The youngest of thirteen children of Juan and Cirila. The biological
father of Jose P. Rizal.
Mother side of Jose Rizal
✔ Lakandula
▪ Rizal’s ancestor was the last Malayan king of tondo.
✔ Eugenio Ursua
▪ Jose Rizal’s great-great-grandfather from his mother’s side. He married
a Filipina named Benigna.
✔ Regina Ursua
▪ The daughter of Eugenio and Benigna.
▪ She was married to Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from
Pangasinan. One of their daughters is Brigida Quintos.
✔ Brigida Quinto’s
▪ Married to Lorenzo Alberto Alonso a prominent Spanish – Filipino
mestizo of Binan, Laguna. Their children were Narcisa, Teodora,
(Rizal’s mother) Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose Alberto.
EARLIEST CHILDHOOD MEMORIES

The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family
garden when he was three years old.
Because Jose was a frail, sickly and undersized child, he was given the
tenderest care by his parents. His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden

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for him to play in the day-time.
His parents employed an AYA (nurse maid) for him to look after his comfort.
In his boyhood memoirs, he narrated how he, at the age of three, watched the
culiauan, maya, maria capra, martin, pipit, and the other birds and listened “with
wonder and joy” to their twilight songs.
Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal
related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus.
With nostalgic feeling, he also remembered the happy moonlit nights at the
azotea after the nightly Rosary. The aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose)
many stories about the fairies; tales of buried treasure and trees blooming with
diamonds, and other fabulous stories.
Another memory of his infancy with the nocturnal walk in the town,
especially when there was a moon.
Recounting this childhood experience in his students’ memoirs, Rizal wrote:

“Thus my heart fed on somber and melancholic thoughts so that even while
still a child, I already wandered on wings of fantasy in the high regions of the
unknown.”
THE HERO’S FIRST SORROW

The Rizal children were bound together by ties of love and companionship.
Jose loved the little Concha (Concepcion). He was a year older than Concha. He
played with her and from her he learned the sweetness of sisterly love.
Concepcion died of sickness in 1865 when she was only three years old. Jose
was very fond of her, and cried bitterly at losing her.
"When I was four, I lost my little sister Concha, and for the first time I shed tears
caused by love and grief. "
DEVOTED SON OF THE CHURCH

At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family. His mother, who was devout
Catholic, taught him the Catholic prayers.
When he was 5 yrs. old, he was able to read the Spanish family Bible. He loved
to go to church, to pray, to take part in novena to join religious

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procession.
Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest, used to visit this learned Filipino priest and
listen to his stimulating opinions on current events and sound philosophy of life.
PILGRIMAGE TO ANTIPOLO
On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo
in order to fulfill his mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born.
After praying at the shrine of the virgin of Antipolo, they went to Manila to visit
Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at La Concordia College in Santa Ana.
THE STORY OF THE MOTH

The story told by Dona Teodora to Jose, it was that of the young moth who
made the most profound impression on him.
The tragic fate of the young moth, who died a martyr to its illusions, left a deep
impression on Rizal’s mind.
He justified such noble death, asserting that “to sacrifice one’s life for it,”
meaning for an ideal, is “worthwhile.” And, like that young moth, he was fated to die
as a martyr for a noble ideal.
ARTISTIC TALENTS
From early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talents for the arts.
At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mold in clay and
wax objects which attracted his fancy. Jose had the soul of a genuine artist.
INFLUENCE ON THE HERO’S BOYHOOD

In the lives of all men there are influences which cause some to be great and others
not. In the case of Rizal, he had all favorable influences, which no other child in our
country enjoyed.
HEREDITARY INFLUENCE
From Spaniards: elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult and gallantry.
From Chinese: derived from serious nature, frugality, patience and love for children.
From Malayans: evidently, inherited his love for freedom, desire to travel and
indomitable courage.
From his father - inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work.

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From his mother - inherited a religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the
passion for arts and literature.
ENVIRONMETAL INFLUENCE
According to psychologists, environment, as well as heredity, affects the nature of a
person. Environmental influence includes places, associates, and events.
Scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of the Rizal family -
stimulated Rizal’s inborn artistic and literary talents.
Religious atmosphere at home – fortified his religious nature

Paciano - instilled in his mind the love for freedom and justice.
From his sisters – he learned courtesy and kindness to women.
Fairy Tales told by his Aya – awakened his interest in folklore and legends.
Tio Jose Alberto who studied for 11 years in British School in Calcutta, India
traveled to Europe – inspired him to develop his artistic ability.
Tio Manuel – husky and athletic – encouraged him to develop his frail body through
exercise, walking, wrestling.
Tio Gregorio – book lover – intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good books.
Fr. Leoncio Lopez – fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
Death of Concha (1865), imprisonment of his mother in 1871-74 – strengthened

his character.
Spanish abuses, cruelties, brutal acts of guardia civil and the alcalde, tortures on
innocent Filipinos and execution of GOMBURZA (1872) awakened his patriotism.
RIZAL’S EDUCATION
∙ Early education in Calamba and Biñan.

∙ It was a typical schooling that a son of an Ilustrado family received during his
time, characterized by the four R’s reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.
Instruction was rigid and strict.
∙ Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by means of the tedious
memory method aided by the teacher’s whip. Despite the defects of the
Spanish system of elementary education, Rizal was able to acquire the
necessary instruction preparatory for college work in

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Manila.
∙ It may be said that Rizal, who was born a physical weakling, rose to become an
intellectual giant not because of, but rather in spite of, the outmoded and
backward system of instruction obtaining in the Philippines during the last
decades of the Spanish regime.
∙ The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of
good character and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of three the
alphabet and the prayers. "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student memoirs,
"taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I
raised fervently to God. “As a tutor, Doña Teodora was patient, conscientious,
and understanding. Accordingly, she encouraged him to write poems. To
lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s
imagination, she related many stories.
∙ As Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at
home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua.
Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s father,
became the boy’s tutor. This old teacher lived at the Rizal home and
instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin.
JOSE GOES TO BINAN

One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his
parents and a tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan.
He was accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second father. The two
brothers rode in a carromata, reaching their destination after one and
one-half hours’ drive. They proceeded to their aunt’s house, where Jose was
to lodge.
It was almost night when they arrived, and the moon was about to rise. That
same night, Jose, with his cousin named Leandro, went sightseeing in the
town.
Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed because of
homesickness. "In the moonlight," he recounted, "I remembered my home
town, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet I was in
Calamba, my own town, in spite of the fact that I was not as wealthy as
Biñan."
First Day in Biñan School
The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to the
school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. The school was in the house of the
teacher, which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Jose’s

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aunt. Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under him
before.
He introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he departed to return to
Calamba. Immediately, Jose was assigned his seat in the class. The teacher asked
him:
"Do you know Spanish?"
"A little, sir," replied the Calamba lad.
"Do you know Latin?"
"A little, sir."
The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teacher’s son, laughed at Jose’s answers.
The teacher sharply stopped all noises and began the lessons of the day. Jose
described his teacher in Biñan as follows: "He was tall, thin, long necked, with a
sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward, and he used to wear a sinamay shirt,
woven by the skilled hands of the women of Batangas.
He knew by heart the grammar of Nebrija and Gainza. Add to this severity
that in my judgement was exaggerated and you have a picture, perhaps vague, that I
have made of him, but I remember only this. In the afternoon of his first day in
school, when the teacher was having his siesta, Jose met the bully, Pedro. He was
angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the teacher in
the morning. Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter readily accepted, thinking
that he could easily beat the Calamba boy who was smaller and younger.
The two boys wrestled furiously in the classroom, much to the glee of their
classmates. Jose, having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel,
defeated the bigger boy. For this feat, he became popular among his classmates.
After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. They went to a sidewalk of a house and
wrestled with their arms. Jose, having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his
head on the sidewalk.
In succeeding days, he had other fights with the boys of Biñan. He was not
quarrelsome by nature, but he never ran away from a fight.
❖ Life and Studies in Ateneo
✔ Ateneo De Municipal established by the Jesuits

✔ Rizal entered in 1872
✔ He belonged to the class composed of Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos ✔
Fr. Jose Bech first professor of Rizal in Ateneo
✔ He was considered as an inferior and was placed at the bottom of the class
✔ By the end of the month he became the emperor and received a prize, a
religious picture
✔ To improve his Spanish Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College

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✔ At the end of the school term he won 5 medals.

✔ He graduated on March 23, 1877(16 years old)
✔ He received a degree of bachelor of arts with highest honors.
Extra-Curricular Involvement
✔ an emperor inside the classroom
✔ campus leader
✔ active member and became a secretary of Religious Society - Marian
Congregation
✔ member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural
Sciences
✔ poet
✔ studied painting under the famous Spanish Painter, Agustin Saez ✔ improved
his sculpture talents under the supervision of Romualdo de Jesus
✔ engaged in gymnastics and fencing
✔ sports-minded
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose P. Rizal
Exile in Dapitan
Officials of the Spanish Authorities in Manila could not sleep unless Rizal was
deported to a faraway place. They manufactured everything to implicate him. They
presented false evidence. One of the pieces of evidence used was the La Liga Filipina
which the Spaniards considered as subversive.
Rizal was sent to Dapitan in 1892 as an exile, but his usefulness in the place, the
values and diligence he demonstrated to the people, he did more than what other
people who were free could do. Thus, the local government of Dapitan today made
items of Rizal’s life and works depicted in the city’s seal.
In the early part of his four year stay in Dapitan, he lived in the house of his official
warden, Captain. Carnicero. The captain was very kind to him and proved to be a
perfect host to a man with education and refinement. Friendship between the
warden and the prisoner ensued up to the last minute of Rizal’s stay in Dapitan.
At his first sight of the town and of the people, the hero immediately knew what his
stay in that place meant to the reformation of the Filipinos which was aspiring for.
The place needed education, water supply, lighting of the town’s main street, medical
assistance, the leader of the farmers to counter the Chinese monopoly of local
business and he also knew that at the back of the town’s idyllic perfection, he needed
someone.

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In the morning of July 31, 1896, the people of Dapitan thronged at the shore to see
for the last time the doctor who spent time with them for four years. Captain.
Carnicero in complete uniform and with the town band bade goodbye to his
prisoner. There were tears as the ship that took Rizal receded from the sight of the
people.
Rizal under heavy military guard remained on board when the steamer that took
him from Dapitan arrived in manila. It took a month of waiting before the ship that
transported him to Cuba arrived. He bade another goodbye to the people he loved
and to the Philippines.
On the way to Cuba, Rizal was silent in his cabin thinking of what it would be as a
medical officer for the military of Spain.
The captain of the steamer received a telegram informing him that his passenger in
the name of Jose P. Rizal had to be transported back to the Philippines. Rizal arrived
in Barcelona but was transferred to another steamer that would take him back to the
Philippines.
Rizal’s homecoming in 1896, the last in his life, was his saddest return to his beloved
native land. He knew he was facing the supreme test, which might mean the sacrifice
of his life, but he was unafraid. As a matter of fact, he welcomed it. Gladly he desired
to meet his enemies and to offer himself as a sacrificial victim to their sadistic lust
and unholy designs for he knew that his blood would water the seeds of Filipino
freedom.
Trial of Jose P. Rizal
The trial that was held shortly after his homecoming was one of history's mockeries
of justice. His enemies howled like mad dogs for his blood, and they got it, without
benefit of genuine justice.
Upon arriving in the Philippines, he was brought to Fort Santiago where he was
incarcerated.
It was in this fort where he mustered his notable Mi Ultimo Adios. It was also in this
fort where he handed the poem to his sister.
On December 26, 1896 Rizal’s case was litigated. He was given counsel, a Spanish
lawyer, Luis Taviel de Andrade. The trial lasted only for one day. On December 29,
the decision was read to him in his cell.
The Trial of Rizal was an eloquent proof of Spanish injustices and misrule. More
than a farce, it was patently a mistrial. Rizal, a civilian, was tried by a military court
composed of military officers. His case was prejudged; he was considered guilty
before the actual trial. The military court met not to give

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him justice, but to accuse and condemn him. It accepted all charges and testimonies
against him, and ignored all arguments and proofs in his favor. Jose Rizal was not
given the right to face the witnesses against him in open court.
The government of Spain accused Rizal of two crimes; the founding of illegal
organizations particularly the La liga Filipina whose major aim was to instigate the
crime of rebellion, and rebellion based on his subversive activities such as ; writing
and publication of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and annotation of Morga’s
Successos de las Islas Felipinas, his various articles subversive in nature, the
establishment of Masonic lodges which basic purpose was to raise fund for the
propaganda movement.
In his defense, Rizal denied all the allegations but after the short
deliberation, the military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death.
On the same day (December 26), the court decision was submitted to Governor
General Camilo Polavieja. Immediately Polavieja sought the opinion of Judge
Advocate General Nicolas de la Pena on the court decision. The latter affirmed the
death verdict.
Governor General Polavieja on December 28 approved the decision of the

court – martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of
December 30 at Bagumbayan (Luneta). December 28, Donya Teodora, the mother of
Jose went to Malacañang Palace with a petition for pardon, but she was not admitted.
Testimony of Cuerpo de Vigilancia
At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered death row accompanied by his counsel,
Señor Taviel de Andrade, and the Jesuit priest Vilaclara. At the urgings of the former
and moments after entering, he was served a light breakfast. At approximately 9, the
Adjutant of the Garrison, Señor Maure, asked Rizal if he wanted anything. He replied
that at the moment he only wanted a prayer book which was brought to him shortly by
Father March.
Señor Andrade left death row at 10 and Rizal spoke for a long while with the Jesuit
fathers, March and Vilaclara, regarding religious matters, it seems. It appears that
these two presented him with a prepared retraction on his life and deeds that he
refused to sign. They argued about the matter until 12:30 when Rizal ate some poached
egg and a little chicken. Afterwards he asked to leave to write and wrote for a long time
by himself.
At 3 in the afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and Rizal handed him what he
had written. Immediately the chief of the firing squad, Señor del Fresno and the
Assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure, were informed. They entered death

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row and together with Rizal signed the document that the accused had written. It
seems this was the retraction.
From 3 to 5:30 in the afternoon, Rizal read his prayer book several times, prayed
kneeling before the altar and in the company of Fathers Vilaclara and March, read the
Acts of Faith, Hope and Charity repeatedly as well as the Prayers for the Departing
Soul.
At 6 in the afternoon the following persons arrived and entered the chapel; Teodora
Alonzo, mother of Rizal, and his sisters, Lucia, Maria, Olimpia, Josefa, and Trinidad.
Embracing them, the accused bade them farewell with great strength of character and
without shedding a tear. The mother of Rizal left the chapel weeping and carrying two
bundles of several utensils belonging to her son who had used them while in prison.
A little after 8 in the evening, at the urgings of Señor Andrade, the accused was served
a plate of tinola, his last meal on earth. The Assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure and
Fathers March and Vilaclara visited him at 9 in the evening. He rested until 4 in the
morning and again resumed praying before the altar.
At 5 this morning of the 30th, the lover of Rizal arrived at the prison accompanied by
his sister, both dressed in mourning. Only the former entered the chapel, followed by a
military chaplain whose name I cannot ascertain. Donning his formal clothes and aided
by a soldier of the artillery, the nuptials of Rizal and the woman who had been his lover
were performed at the point of death (in articulo mortis). After embracing him she left,
flooded with tears.
Rizal heard mass and confessed to Father March. Afterwards he heard another mass
where he received communion. At 7:30, a European artilleryman handcuffed him and
he left for the place of execution accompanied by various Jesuits, his counsel and the
Assistant of the Plaza. Father March gave him a holy picture of the Virgin that Rizal
kissed repeatedly.When the accused left, I noticed he was very pale but I am very
certain that all the time he was imprisoned he demonstrated great strength of
character and composure.
Death of Jose P. Rizal
About 6; 30 A.M., (December 30) a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to

begin the death march to Bagumbayan, the designated place for the execution. The
advance guard of the four soldiers with bayoneted rifles moved. A few meters
behind, Rizal walked calmly, with his defense counsel Luis Taviel de Andrade on one
side and two Jesuits priests on the other. Better – armed soldiers marched behind
him.

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Rizal was dressed elegantly in a black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white shirt,
and black tie. His arms were tied behind from elbow to elbow, but the rope was quite
loose to give his arms freedom of movement.
To the muffled sounds of the drums, the cavalcade somnolently marched slowly.
There were a handful of spectators lining the street from Fort Santiago to Plaza del
palacio in front of the Manila Cathedral. Everybody seemed to be out in
Bagumbayan, where a vast crowd gathered to see how a martyr died.
Going through the narrow Postigo gate, one of the gates of the city wall, the
cavalcade reached the Malecon (Bonifacio Drive), which was deserted. Rizal looked
at the sky and said to one of the priests: “How beautiful it is today, Father. What
morning could be more serene! How clear is Corregidor and the mountain of Cavite!
On mornings like this, I used to take a walk with my sweetheart”.
While passing in front of the Ateneo, he saw the college towers above the walls. He
asked: “Is that Ateneo, Father? “Yes”, replied the priest.
They reached Bagumbayan field. The spectators crowded a huge square formed by
soldiers. The cavalcade entered this square. Rizal walked serenely to the place,
where he was told to stand. It was a grassy lawn by the shore of Manila bay, between
two lamp posts.
Rizal, knowing that his rendezvous with destiny was imminent, bade farewell to
fathers’ March and Villaclara and to his gallant defender Luis Taviel de Andrade.
Although his arms were tied, he firmly clasped their hands in parting. One of the
priests blessed him and offered him a crucifix to kiss. Rizal reverently bowed his
head and kissed it. Then he requested the commander of the firing squad, that he be
shot facing the firing squad. His request was denied, for the captain had implicit
orders to shoot him in the back.
Reluctantly, Rizal turned his back to the firing squad and faced the sea. A Spanish
military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, asked his permission to feel his pulse,
which request was graciously granted. Dr. Castillo was amazed to find it normal,
showing that Rizal was not afraid to die.
The death ruffles of the drums filled the air. Above the drum-beats, the sharp
command” Fire “was heard, and the guns of the firing squad barked. Rizal, with
supreme effort, turned his bullet – riddled body to the right, and fell on the ground
dead with face upward facing the morning sun. It was exactly 7:03 in the morning
when he died in the bloom of manhood – aged 35 years, five months, and 11 days.

Laguna State Polytechnic
University Province of Laguna
Learning Resources
∙ Galicia, R., Solmerano, E., and Palecia, Marjueve M., (2018) The Life and Works of Rizal
(1st Edition) Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: Fastbooks Inc.
∙ Purino A., (2008) Rizal, The Greatest Filipino Hero. Manila Philippines. Rex Book
store.,Inc.
∙ Tabotabo., and Leano R., (2009) Jose P. Rizal A Hero’s Life. Intramuros Manila:
Mindshapers Co., Inc.
∙ Zaide, G., and Zaide, S., (2008). Life and Works of Rizal (2nd Edition) Quezon City,
Philippines: All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc


Pi 100 Module 3

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Republic of the Philippines

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

LSPU Self-paced Learning Module (SLM)

Sem/AY Second Semester/2021-2022

Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Online 1. Online Discussion via Google Meet

2. Learning Guide Questions:

Offline Lecture Guide

The Birth of Jose P. Rizal

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

∙ A wealthy woman in the Spanish colonial Philippines.

God blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

ANCESTRY OF JOSE RIZAL

Father side of Jose Rizal

Mother side of Jose Rizal

EARLIEST CHILDHOOD MEMORIES

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

for him to play in the day-time.

Recounting this childhood experience in his students’ memoirs, Rizal wrote:

THE HERO’S FIRST SORROW

DEVOTED SON OF THE CHURCH

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

THE STORY OF THE MOTH

INFLUENCE ON THE HERO’S BOYHOOD

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Religious atmosphere at home – fortified his religious nature

Death of Concha (1865), imprisonment of his mother in 1871-74 – strengthened

∙ Early education in Calamba and Biñan.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

JOSE GOES TO BINAN

First Day in Biñan School

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

❖ Life and Studies in Ateneo

✔ Ateneo De Municipal established by the Jesuits

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

✔ At the end of the school term he won 5 medals.

Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose P. Rizal

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Trial of Jose P. Rizal

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Governor General Polavieja on December 28 approved the decision of the

Testimony of Cuerpo de Vigilancia

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

Death of Jose P. Rizal

About 6; 30 A.M., (December 30) a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Philippine Institution 100

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