Testing Case

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Retaining Wall Design : Ver W5.0.02 - 15 Jun 2022

Title : Reservoir wall example
C14
Input Data

Wall Dimensions General Parameters Design Parameters Concrete cover

H1 (m) 2.2 C (m) .25 Soil friction f (°) 34 SF Overturning 1.5 Wall (mm) 50
H2 (m) 0 F (m) Fill slope b (°) SF Slip 1.5 Base (mm) 50
H3 (m) 1.95 xf (m) Wall friction d (°) ULS DL factor 1.4
Hw (m) 2.2 At (m) .25 r Concrete kN/m3 25 ULS LL factor 1.6
Hr (m) Ab (m) .25 r Soil kN/m3 23 Pmax (kPa) 400
B (m) x (m) fc' (MPa) 19 Soil Poisson u 0.5
D (m) 1.75 fy (MPa) 420 DLFac Slide/Ovt 0.9

Seepage not allowed

Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Horizontal Acceleration (g)

Vertical Acceleration (g)

Include Live loads

OUTPUT: LOAD CASE 1

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.440 (User defined)

Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :3.690 (User defined)
Base frictional constant µ :0.700 (User defined)

Forces on the wall

Force/weight Lever arm

Load Case: 1
Soil weights
W2 = 0.00 kN 1.12 m

Concrete weights
Wc1 = 12.19 kN 0.12 m
Wc3 = 12.50 kN 1.00 m

Soil forces
Pa = 0.18 kN 0.08 m
Fr = 40.71 kN

Wc1 W2

PaWc3

Fr

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width
Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
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Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 0.181 0.083 0.000 0.000

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp 0.000 0.000
Weight of the wall + base 24.688 0.568
Weight of soil on the base 0.000 1.125
Triangular W-table press Pw 0.307 0.083 0.000 0.250
W-table pr below free water 4.782 0.125 0.000 0.250
Free water pressure Pwf 18.651 0.900 0.000 0.250
Hydrostatic pressure on top 33.477 1.125
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 0.000
of front portion of base

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 34.28 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 0.02 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2267.844

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 58.16 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 40.71 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 40.71 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 23.92 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 23.92 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.702

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)
All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 0.254 0.083 0.000 0.000

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp 0.000 0.000
Weight of the wall + base 22.219 0.568
Weight of soil on the base 0.000 1.125
Triangular W-table press Pw 0.276 0.083 0.000 0.250
W-table pr below free water 4.304 0.125 0.000 0.250
Free water pressure Pwf 16.786 0.900 0.000 0.250
Hydrostatic pressure on top 30.129 1.125
of rear portion of base
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Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 0.000

of front portion of base

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

Note: Single Source Principle applied (EN 1997-1 2.4.2(9) P NOTE)

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 30.85 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 0.02 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 1457.900

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 52.35 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 36.64 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 36.64 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 33.49 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 33.49 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.094

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure : 65.83 kPa

Minimum pressure : 0 kPa @ 0.23 m from right hand side of base.
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2019

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Minimum

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m)

0.00 17.19 0.00 243.43 633.33

0.04 16.18 0.00 228.88 633.33
0.08 15.21 0.00 214.94 633.33
0.12 14.28 0.00 201.60 633.33
0.16 13.39 0.00 188.84 633.33
0.20 12.53 0.00 176.64 633.33
0.23 11.72 0.00 164.99 633.33
0.27 10.93 0.00 153.88 633.33
0.31 10.19 0.00 143.28 633.33
0.35 9.48 0.00 133.20 633.33
0.39 8.80 0.00 123.60 633.33
0.43 8.16 0.00 114.49 633.33
0.47 7.55 0.00 105.85 633.33
0.51 6.97 0.00 97.65 633.33
0.55 6.42 0.00 89.90 633.33
0.59 5.90 0.00 82.57 633.33
0.62 5.41 0.00 75.66 633.33
0.66 4.94 0.00 69.15 633.33
0.70 4.51 0.00 63.02 633.33
0.74 4.10 0.00 57.27 633.33
0.78 3.71 0.00 51.89 633.33
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0.82 3.35 0.00 46.85 633.33

0.86 3.02 0.00 42.16 633.33
0.90 2.71 0.00 37.79 633.33
0.94 2.42 0.00 33.74 633.33
0.98 2.15 0.00 29.98 633.33
1.01 1.90 0.00 26.52 633.33
1.05 1.67 0.00 23.34 633.33
1.09 1.46 0.00 20.42 633.33
1.13 1.27 0.00 17.76 633.33
1.17 1.10 0.00 15.34 633.33
1.21 0.94 0.00 13.15 633.33
1.25 0.80 0.00 11.18 633.33
1.29 0.68 0.00 9.41 633.33
1.33 0.56 0.00 7.85 633.33
1.36 0.46 0.00 6.47 633.33
1.40 0.38 0.00 5.26 633.33
1.44 0.30 0.00 4.21 633.33
1.48 0.24 0.00 3.31 633.33
1.52 0.18 0.00 2.55 633.33
1.56 0.14 0.00 1.92 633.33
1.60 0.10 0.00 1.40 633.33
1.64 0.07 0.00 0.98 633.33
1.68 0.05 0.00 0.66 633.33
1.72 0.03 0.00 0.41 633.33
1.76 0.02 0.00 0.24 633.33
1.79 0.01 0.00 0.12 633.33
1.83 0.00 0.00 0.05 633.33
1.87 0.00 0.00 0.02 633.33
1.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 633.33
1.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 633.33

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2019

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Minimum

left(m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m) (mm^2/m)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 633.33

0.04 -0.03 0.00 0.48 633.33
0.08 -0.14 0.00 0.00 633.33
0.12 -0.31 0.00 0.00 633.33
0.15 -0.35 0.00 0.00 633.33
0.19 24.32 0.00 0.00 633.33
0.23 22.51 320.49 0.00 633.33
0.27 21.54 306.40 0.00 633.33
0.31 20.60 292.65 0.00 633.33
0.35 19.67 279.24 0.00 633.33
0.38 18.77 266.16 0.00 633.33
0.42 17.88 253.41 0.00 633.33
0.46 17.02 240.99 0.00 633.33
0.50 16.18 228.90 0.00 633.33
0.54 15.36 217.14 0.00 633.33
0.58 14.57 205.70 0.00 633.33
0.62 13.79 194.58 0.00 633.33
0.65 13.03 183.78 0.00 633.33
0.69 12.30 173.30 0.00 633.33
0.73 11.59 163.14 0.00 633.33
0.77 10.89 153.30 0.00 633.33
0.81 10.22 143.77 0.00 633.33
0.85 9.58 134.56 0.00 633.33
0.88 8.95 125.66 0.00 633.33
0.92 8.34 117.08 0.00 633.33
0.96 7.76 108.80 0.00 633.33
1.00 7.19 100.84 0.00 633.33
1.04 6.65 93.18 0.00 633.33
1.08 6.13 85.83 0.00 633.33
1.12 5.63 78.79 0.00 633.33
1.15 5.15 72.05 0.00 633.33
1.19 4.69 65.62 0.00 633.33
1.23 4.26 59.50 0.00 633.33
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1.27 3.84 53.67 0.00 633.33

1.31 3.45 48.16 0.00 633.33
1.35 3.07 42.94 0.00 633.33
1.38 2.72 38.02 0.00 633.33
1.42 2.39 33.41 0.00 633.33
1.46 2.09 29.09 0.00 633.33
1.50 1.80 25.08 0.00 633.33
1.54 1.53 21.36 0.00 633.33
1.58 1.29 17.95 0.00 633.33
1.62 1.06 14.83 0.00 633.33
1.65 0.86 12.01 0.00 633.33
1.69 0.68 9.49 0.00 633.33
1.73 0.52 7.26 0.00 633.33
1.77 0.38 5.33 0.00 633.33
1.81 0.27 3.70 0.00 633.33
1.85 0.17 2.37 0.00 633.33
1.88 0.10 1.33 0.00 633.33
1.92 0.04 0.59 0.00 633.33
1.96 0.01 0.15 0.00 633.33
2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 633.33

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO ACI 318 - 2019

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 26.1 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.14 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.56 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: ACI 318 - 2019

Load Case: 1

0.25
0.00°
1.95
2.20

2.20

0.25 1.75
0.25

0.00° Ka=0.44 (User defined)

0.00

Kp=3.69 (User defined)

µ=0.70 (User def.)
V= 26.1kN
v= 0.14MPa
65.8kPa vc= 0.56MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 1.70
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 1.09
SFovt = >100
SFovt (ULS) = >100
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Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 17.19kNm @ -.250m

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00
Height (m)

.800

.600

.400

.200
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = 24.32kNm @ .126m

26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
Bending moment (kNm)

18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.00
6.00
4.00
.100
.200
.300
.400
.500
.600
.700
.800
.900
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00

2.00

Position (m)