STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT

1. GENERAL

This report consists of design calculations to check the stability and flexural of retaining wall to
resist soil pressure and surcharge load. The whole structure is analysed using Prokon software.
The overall design will be in accordance with relevant Euro Code.

2.0 LOADING DETAILS

2.1 Dead load

Construction dead loads and self-weights are designated as SW and was automatically generated
by the software based on the material densities as follows:

 Concrete : 2400 kg/m3

 Soil : 1850 kg/m3

2.2 SURCHARGE LOAD:

Surcharge load Live = 22.5 KN/m2 refer Clause 9.6.10 –QCS-2014

2.3 SOIL PRESSURE CALCULATION

Angle of shearing Resistant = 330

Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka = 0.29 Refer Geotechnical Report

Coefficient of active earth pressure Kp = 3.39 Refer Geotechnical Report

Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil 150 KN/m2 Refer Geotechnical Report

3.0 LOAD COMBINATION
3.1 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

All structural steelwork will be design to ensure the stability and durability from the action of design
ultimate loads. The structure will be assessing in this state based on the following load combinations:
refer Euro code 2

1. 1.35DL +1.35 EP + 1.5 SP

DL: Dead Load LL: Live Load EP: Earth Pressure SP: SURCHARGE PRESSURE

4.2 Serviceability Limit State (SLS)

All structural steelwork will be check during its service based on the following load combinations:

1. 1.0 DL + 1.0 EP + 1.0 SP

5 . STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE:

For Structural foundation M40 OPC with characteristic 28 days strength of 40 N/mm2

BLINDING CONCRETE:

75 mm thick minimum, M25 OPC with characteristic 28 days strength of 25 N/mm2

REINFORCEMENT: High yield deformed bar with a characteristic strength of 500 N/mm2.

REINFORCEMENT COVERS:

Wall and Foundation - 75 mm

6. WALL SYSTEM

The Base slab and walls shall be design for the worst combination of dead, live and earth pressure.

The base slab and walls are design for the crack width of 0.3mm.
 Job Number Sheet
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Retaining Wall Design : Ver W3.0.06 - 18 Aug 2017

Title :
C14
Input Data

Wall Dimensions Unfactored Live Loads General Parameters Design Parameters

H1 (m) 2.125 C (m) 0.4 W (kN/m²) 22.5 Soil frict f (°) 33 SF Overt. 1.5
H2 (m) 0.80 F (m) 0 P (kN) 0 Fill slope b (°) 0 SF Slip 1.5
H3 (m) 0.525 xf (m) 0 xp (m) 0 Wall frict d (°) 0 ULS DL Factor 1.35
Hw (m) 0 At (m) 0.3 L (kN/m) 0 r Conc kN/m3 25 ULS LL Factor 1.5
Hr (m) 0.55 Ab (m) 0.3 xl (m) 0 r Soil kN/m3 18.5 Pmax (kPa) 150
B (m) 0.35 Cov wall mm 75 Lh (kN/m) 0 fck (MPa) 40 Soil Poisson u 0.2
D (m) 0.35 Cov base mm 75 x (m) 0 fy (MPa) 450 DLFac Slide/Ovt 1

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Hor Accel. (g)

Vert Accel. (g)
Include LL's

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.295
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :3.392
Base frictional constant µ :0.649

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 6.981 0.533 0.000 0.650
As a result of surcharge w 10.613 0.800 0.000 0.650

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -20.081 0.267
Weight of the wall + base 22.938 0.500
Weight of soil on the base 10.360 0.662
UDL of 22.5 kPa 7.875 0.825

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
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Stabilizing moment Mr : 30.18 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 12.21 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.471

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 41.17 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 26.74 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 20.08 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 46.82 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 17.59 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 17.59 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 2.661

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 9.424 0.533 0.000 0.650
As a result of surcharge w 15.919 0.800 0.000 0.650

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -20.081 0.267
Weight of the wall + base 22.938 0.500
Weight of soil on the base 10.360 0.662
UDL of 22.5 kPa 7.875 0.825

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 30.18 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 17.76 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 1.699

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 41.17 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 26.74 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 20.08 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 53.15 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 25.34 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 25.34 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 2.097

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

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Maximum pressure : 56.87 kPa

Minimum pressure : 25.48 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Minimum

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 8.38 0.00 99.95 435.87

0.03 8.01 0.00 95.53 435.87
0.07 7.63 0.00 90.94 435.87
0.10 7.23 0.00 86.20 435.87
0.14 6.83 0.00 81.37 435.87
0.17 6.42 0.00 76.47 435.87
0.21 6.01 0.00 71.56 435.87
0.24 5.59 0.00 66.65 435.87
0.28 5.19 0.00 61.80 435.87
0.31 4.79 0.00 57.04 435.87
0.34 4.40 0.00 52.41 435.87
0.38 4.03 0.00 47.94 435.87
0.41 3.67 0.00 43.68 435.87
0.45 3.33 0.00 39.64 435.87
0.48 3.01 0.00 35.82 435.87
0.52 2.71 0.00 32.22 435.87
0.55 2.42 0.00 28.83 435.87
0.59 2.16 0.00 25.65 435.87
0.62 1.91 0.00 22.67 435.87
0.66 1.67 0.00 19.90 435.87
0.69 1.46 0.00 17.33 435.87
0.72 1.26 0.00 14.95 435.87
0.76 1.07 0.00 12.76 435.87
0.79 0.90 0.00 10.75 435.87
0.83 0.75 0.00 8.94 435.87
0.86 0.61 0.00 7.30 435.87
0.90 0.49 0.00 5.84 435.87
0.93 0.38 0.00 4.55 435.87
0.97 0.29 0.00 3.43 435.87
1.00 0.21 0.00 2.47 435.87
1.03 0.14 0.00 1.68 435.87
1.07 0.09 0.00 1.04 435.87
1.10 0.05 0.00 0.56 435.87
1.14 0.02 0.00 0.23 435.87
1.17 0.00 0.00 0.04 435.87
1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87
1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 435.87

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Minimum

left (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 638.61

0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.08 638.61
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0.04 -0.04 0.00 0.32 638.61

0.06 -0.09 0.00 0.73 638.61
0.08 -0.16 0.00 1.29 638.61
0.10 -0.25 0.00 2.02 638.61
0.12 -0.36 0.00 2.91 638.61
0.13 -0.49 0.00 3.96 638.61
0.15 -0.64 0.00 5.18 638.61
0.17 -0.81 0.00 6.55 638.61
0.19 -1.00 0.00 8.09 638.61
0.21 -1.21 0.00 9.79 638.61
0.23 -1.44 0.00 11.65 638.61
0.25 -1.68 0.00 13.67 638.61
0.27 -1.95 0.00 15.86 638.61
0.29 -2.24 0.00 18.20 638.61
0.31 -2.55 0.00 20.71 638.61
0.33 -2.88 0.00 23.38 638.61
0.35 -3.23 0.00 26.22 638.61
0.37 -3.60 0.00 29.21 638.61
0.38 -3.99 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.40 -4.40 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.42 -4.82 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.44 -5.27 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.46 -5.74 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.48 -6.23 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.50 -6.48 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.52 4.05 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.54 3.59 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.56 3.30 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.58 3.01 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.60 2.75 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.62 2.49 0.00 0.00 638.61
0.63 2.25 18.25 0.00 638.61
0.65 2.02 16.38 0.00 638.61
0.67 1.80 14.61 0.00 638.61
0.69 1.59 12.94 0.00 638.61
0.71 1.40 11.37 0.00 638.61
0.73 1.22 9.91 0.00 638.61
0.75 1.05 8.54 0.00 638.61
0.77 0.90 7.28 0.00 638.61
0.79 0.75 6.12 0.00 638.61
0.81 0.62 5.05 0.00 638.61
0.83 0.50 4.09 0.00 638.61
0.85 0.40 3.23 0.00 638.61
0.87 0.31 2.48 0.00 638.61
0.88 0.22 1.82 0.00 638.61
0.90 0.16 1.26 0.00 638.61
0.92 0.10 0.81 0.00 638.61
0.94 0.06 0.45 0.00 638.61
0.96 0.02 0.20 0.00 638.61
0.98 0.01 0.05 0.00 638.61
1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 638.61

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 15.7 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.07 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.61 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)
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Sketch of Wall

Design code: Eurocode 2 - 2004

0.30
0.53

22.50
0.00°
0.00°

33.00°
2.12

0.35 0.30 0.35

0.80

0.40

Ka=0.29
Kp=3.39
µ=0.65
25.5kPa V= 15.7kN
56.9kPa v= 0.07MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 2.66 vc= 0.61MPa
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 2.10
SFovt = 2.47
SFovt (ULS) = 1.70
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Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 8.380kNm @ -.400m

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

.800
Height (m)

.600

.400

.200
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00
-.200

Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = -6.482kNm @ .500m

4.00
3.00
2.00
Bending moment (kNm)

1.00
.050
.100
.150
.200
.250
.300
.350
.400
.450
.500
.550
.600
.650
.700
.750
.800
.850
.900
.950
1.00

-1.00
-2.00
-3.00
-4.00
-5.00
-6.00

Position (m)
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Wall Reinforcement

Wall Reinforcement

Reinf. max = 435.9mm²/m @ 1.73m

1.60

1.40 Nominal

1.20

1.00
Height (m)

Back
.800

.600

.400
Front

.200
50.0

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450
Reinforcement (mm²/m)

Base Reinforcement

Base Reinforcement Reinf. max = 29.21mm²/m @ .373m

Nominal
600

550

500

450
Reinforcement (mm²/m)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50.0
.050

.100

.150

.200

.250

.300

.350

.400

.450

.500

.550

.600

.650

.700

.750

.800

.850

.900

.950

1.00

Bottom Top
Position (m)
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Schematic Reinforcement

Y12@200 (Hor)

Y12@200 (Hor)
Y12@200 (NF)
Y12@200 (FF)
1-R10/m2 clips
1-R10/m2 clips
Y12@200 starters

FRONT Y12@200 starters

Y16@300 (T1)
Y16@300 (B1)
Y16@300 (T2)

Y16@300 (B2)

SECTION