Electrical Engineering XYZ

Formulas Handbook
V 1.0
Ohm’s Law

𝐕 = 𝐈𝐑
V
𝐕
𝐈=
𝐑 I R
𝐕
𝐑=
𝐈

V = Voltage V

I = Current (A)

R = Resistance(Ω)

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Equivalent Resistance Formulas
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐑 𝐞𝐪 = 𝐑 𝟏 + 𝐑 𝟐 + 𝐑 𝟑
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +
𝐑 𝐞𝐪 𝐑 𝟏 𝐑 𝟐 𝐑 𝟑

R eq = Equivalent resistance
R1 = Resistance of first resistor
R 2 = Resistance of second resistor
R 3 = Resistance of third resistor

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Equivalent Inductance Formulas
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐋𝐞𝐪 = 𝐋𝟏 + 𝐋𝟐 + 𝐋𝟑
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +
𝐋𝐞𝐪 𝐋𝟏 𝐋𝟐 𝐋𝟑

Leq = Equivalent inductance

L1 = Inductance of first inductor
L2 = Inductance of second inductor
L3 = Inductance of third inductor

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Equivalent Capacitance Formulas
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +
𝐂𝐞𝐪 𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 𝐂𝟑
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐂𝐞𝐪 = 𝐂𝟏 + 𝐂𝟐 + 𝐂𝟑
Ceq = Equivalent capacitance
C1 = Inductance of first capacitor
C2 = Inductance of second capacitor
C3 = Inductance of third capacitor

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Quality Factor
XC
Quality Factor = × 100
ESR

XC = Capacitive reactance in Ohms

ESR = Equivalent Series Resistance in Ohms

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Charge and Energy Stored in Capacitor
Q = CV

CV 2
W=
2

Q = Capacitor charge in coulombs

W = Capacitor energy in Joules

C = Capacitance in Fards

V = Voltage in volts

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AC Induction Motor Slip

ns − n
Slip % =
ns

Slip % = Percentage slip

ns = Synchronous(Stator) speed in RPM

n = Rotor speed in RPM

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Rectifier Efficiency
𝑃𝐷𝐶
η= × 100
𝑃𝐴𝐶

η = Efficiency

PDC = DC Output

PAC = AC Input

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Ripple Factor

RMS Voltage
Ripple Factor = × 100
DC Voltage

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3 Phase Motor Starting and Running Currents

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Starting Current 𝐼𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 = 4 ×
3 × Voltage × PF × Efficiency

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Running Current 𝐼𝑟𝑢𝑛 =
3 × Voltage × PF × Efficiency

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AC Induction Motor Formulas

120 × Frequency
ηs =
No of poles

No of Poles × ηs
Frequency =
120

120 × Frquency
No of poles =
ηs

ηs = Synchronous speed

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Magnetic Field Strength

Φ = K f × If

Φ = Magnetic field strength

K f = Magnetic field constant

If = Field current

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Voltage Drop

Vdrop = I × Z

Vdrop = Voltage drop

I = Current in Amps

Z = Impedance in ohms

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Inductance of Cylindrical Coil
µ𝐨 𝐍𝟐 π𝐫 𝟐
𝐋=
𝐥
If 𝐍 = 𝐧𝐥

µ𝐨 𝐍𝟐 π𝐫 𝟐
𝐋= = µ𝐨 𝐧𝟐 𝐥π𝐫 𝟐
𝐥
L = Inductance of coil
µo = Permability of free space
l = Lenght of wire used in coil
N = Number of turns in coil
r = Radius of coil cross section
A = Cross sectional area of coil = π𝑟 2

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Co-axial cable capacitance

𝟐π 𝜺𝒐 𝜺𝒓 𝒍
𝑪=
𝒃
𝒍𝒏
𝒂
C = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜f coaxial cable
ε𝑟 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
ε𝑜 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

l = Lenght of parallel line

a = Inner radius
b = Outer radius

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Parallel Line capacitance

π 𝜺𝒐 𝜺𝒓 𝒍
𝑪=
𝒅 𝒅𝟐
𝒍𝒏 +
𝟐𝒂 𝟒𝒂𝟐
C = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜f parallel line
ε𝑟 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
ε𝑜 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

l = Lenght of parallel line

a = Radius of parallel line
d = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

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Parallel Plate capacitance

𝛆𝐨 𝛆𝐫 𝐀
𝐂=
𝐝
C = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜f parallel plate capacitor

ε𝑟 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙

ε𝑜 = 𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

A = Area of plate

d = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠

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Impedance for parallel RLC
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒁𝑹𝑳−𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑹 𝑿𝑳
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒁𝑹𝑪−𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑹 𝑿𝑪
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝒁𝑳𝑪−𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑿𝑳 𝑿𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + −
𝒁𝑹𝑳𝑪−𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑹 𝑿𝑳 𝑿𝑪
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿

1
𝑋𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶

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Impedance for series RLC

𝒁𝑹𝑳−𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 = 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑿𝑳 𝟐

𝒁𝑹𝑪−𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 = 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑿𝑪 𝟐

𝒁𝑳𝑪−𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 = (𝑿𝑳 − 𝑿𝑪 )𝟐

𝒁𝑹𝑳𝑪−𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 = 𝑹𝟐 + (𝑿𝑳 − 𝑿𝑪 )𝟐

𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿

1
𝑋𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶

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Torque Formulas
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐇𝐏 × 𝟔𝟑, 𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐢𝐧−𝐥𝐛 =
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐏𝐌

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐇𝐏 × 𝟓, 𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐟𝐭−𝐥𝐛 =
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐏𝐌

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐇𝐏 × 𝟗, 𝟓𝟓𝟎
𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐍𝐦 =
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐏𝐌
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑏 → Torque in inch-pound
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑏 → Torque in foot-pound
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑁𝑚 → Torque in Newton meter

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Horsepower Formulas
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆𝐢𝐧−𝒍𝒃 × 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝑹𝑷𝑴
𝑯𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 =
𝟔𝟑, 𝟎𝟐𝟓

𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆𝐟𝐭−𝒍𝒃 × 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝑹𝑷𝑴

𝑯𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 =
𝟓, 𝟐𝟓𝟐

𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆𝑵𝒎 × 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝑹𝑷𝑴

𝑯𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 =
𝟗, 𝟓𝟓𝟎

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Power Factor Formula
𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 =
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

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DC Power
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 =
𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟕
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 − 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

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Single Phase AC Power
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝑬𝒇𝒇
𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 =
𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟕
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝑷𝑭
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 − 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔
𝐤𝐕𝐀 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
kVA → kilovoltAmperes
PF → Power Factor
Eff → Efficiency

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Two Phase AC Power
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝟐 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝑬𝒇𝒇
𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 =
𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟕
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝟐

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝟐
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 × 𝟐
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 − 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝟐
𝐤𝐕𝐀 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
kVA → kilovoltAmperes
PF → Power Factor
Eff → Efficiency

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Three Phase AC Power
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝟑 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝑬𝒇𝒇
𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 =
𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟕
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝟑

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝟑
𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝐏𝐅 × 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 × 𝟑

𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐬 − 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬 × 𝐀𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬 × 𝟑
𝐤𝐕𝐀 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
kVA → kilovolt Amperes
PF → Power Factor
Eff → Efficiency

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