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Delft
University of
Technology
• Spacecraft
• Struts
• Central cylinder
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
• Spacecraft
• Struts
• Central cylinder
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
• Characteristics
• Central thrust-load-bearing member (cone/cylinder)
• All systems attached at strong points directly, or
by combinations of Struts/Platforms/Shear webs
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
Saturn V S-II
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle - Semi-monocoque (load bearing skin
• Fairings internally stiffened)
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
Example: ARIANE 5 ~ 1200 tons of thrust!!
• Adaptors
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
• Spacecraft
• Launch vehicle
• Fairings
• Stage structure
• Thrust structure
• Adaptors
• Minimum mass
• High stiffness
• Withstand the loads (= high strength)
• STS
• Launch direction >13 Hz
Lateral
• Lateral >13 Hz
• First
• Lowest natural frequencies > minimum required natural frequencies!
• Then
• Design for quasi-static loads
y
• Define single degree of freedom system
M M
EA 3EI
k = k =
kx x L ky y L3
E, A
k ∆L
P P
P = k ∆L
L ∆L
∆L
• Strain
∆L P σ
ε= = =
L EA E M
EA
• Elongation k =
kx x L
L
∆L = P
EA
• Deflection
PL3 M
δ=
3EI 3EI
k =
ky y L3
( ) EA
( )
2
3EI 2
3
≥ 2π f M ≥ 2π f M
L n L n
M M
EA 3EI
k = k =
kx x L ky y L3
SMAD III, Fig. 11-42
Equations 11-57,11-58
• First
• Lowest natural frequencies > minimum required natural frequencies!
• Then
• Design for quasi-static loads
• Buckling load
M ±g
EI , A x
B Structure/geometry
L - Define I and L
Material
±g
y
- Select material with E
⇒ Bending stiffness EI!
π 2 EI
• Euler F = 2
≤g M
euler 4L x
SMAD III
Equations 11-48,11-49
• Conditions
M Lateral
• M=250 kg
• E = 72 GPa (aluminium)
• Max. axial acceleration
5m
= 6 g (launch load)
• Payload = point mass
• Mcylinder = 0
1m
mL
( )
2
⇒ A≥ 2π f with A = 2π rt ⇒ t~1 mm
E 1
g M F 1m
• Axial σx = x
=
A A
σ tot = σ x + σ y ≤ σ allowable
g MLy FLy
• Lateral σ y = =
y
I I