Passive components

Group 2 #31039
Resistor
𝑙
• Dependancy on material an geometry: 𝑅 = 𝜌
𝐴

• Ohm’s law: 𝑉 = 𝑅𝐼
RMS Value and power
dissipation

• A generic AC signal dissipates the same

power as a DC signal equal to the RMS
value would dissipate.
𝑇
‫׬‬0 𝑣(𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
• 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝑇
11 𝑇 𝑅 𝑇
• 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑇 𝑅 ‫׬‬0 𝑣(𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡= 𝑇 ‫׬‬0 𝑖(𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
• This semplifies for DC as = 𝑅𝐼 2
Inductor

• Faraday induction law:

𝑑𝐵
𝑉 = 𝑁𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑑𝑡
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓
‫׬‬0 𝐻𝑑𝑙
• Ampere’s law: 𝐼 = 𝑁
• Ohm’s law for homogenous and
𝐵 𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 2
linear materials: 𝐿 = 𝐻 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑁
• Can store energy in form of a
magnetical field
Energy stored in a inductor
• 𝐸(𝑡) = ‫𝑡𝑑 )𝑡(𝑖 )𝑡(𝑣 ׬‬
‫𝑡𝑑𝑉 ׬‬
•𝐿=
𝐼

1
• If we combine them we get 𝐸𝐿(𝑡) = 𝐿𝑖𝐿(𝑡) 2
2
DC vs AC behaviour
‫)𝑡(𝑣׬‬
• since 𝑖(𝑡) = if 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑣𝐷𝐶 the current would rise to infinite so an
𝐿
inductance acts as a short circuit

• In an AC circuit 𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿 and so 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑗 𝜔𝐿
Capacitors
𝐴
• Dependancy on material an geometry: C= Ɛ [C]=Farad [F]
𝑑
• Capacitor stores energy using an electric field
• Constitutive formulas:
DC vs AC behavior
• In DC system conderser work as open circuit
• In a AC circuit it results in a impedence as below:
Energy stored in the capacitor
• If AC signal runs in a capacitor it will store part
of the energy according to the equation:
Circuit diagrams of passive components

C R I
Thank you for
your energy!