Grammar Practice 4 Sampler

Building
Language
Skills
Grammar
Practice
A Strong
Foundation for
Grammar Accuracy
Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 1

4 4/11/14 6:03 PM
Published by Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
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First published 2013

Second impression 2014
ISBN 978-981-4370-54-7
Publisher: Sim Wee Chee
Printed in Singapore
Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 2 4/11/14 6:03 PM

UNIT 01 Personal Pronouns 5
UNIT 02 Nouns and Pronouns 11
UNIT 03 Quantitative Adjectives 17
UNIT 04 Adverbs of Time and Frequency 23
UNIT 05 Modal Verbs 29
UNIT 06 The To-infinitive 35
UNIT 07 To-infinitives and Gerunds 41
UNIT 08 Indefinite Pronouns 47
UNIT 09 Verbs and Objects 53
Review Test 1 59

UNIT 10 Words and Phrases 61
UNIT 11 Clauses and Sentences 67
UNIT 12 Types of Sentences 73
UNIT 13 Sentence Elements 79
UNIT 14 Subject and Predicate 85
UNIT 15 Subject-Verb Agreement 91
UNIT 16 Tense Agreement 97
UNIT 17 Conjunctions 103
UNIT 18 Sentence Completion 109
Review Test 2 115

To-infinitives and Gerunds
Situation Grammar
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Ted: Why don’t we stop? The traffic light is red.

Ellen: You’re right. It’s time to stop.
Ted: It turned green. Let’s go!
Ellen: Okay. To see red and green is easy, isn’t it?
Ted: Yes. That’s because they are opposite colours.
Ellen: How do you know they are opposite?
Ted: Choosing opposite colours is easy. Red and
green, purple and yellow.
Ellen: Wow! You’re great.
Ted: That’s nothing special. There is a colour wheel.
We can find pairs of opposite colours on it.
Ellen: Oh, I see. By the way, you are very good at
( ).
1. What is the meaning of the underlined part?
2. Circle the part of speech of ‘choosing’.

a. Verb b. Adjective c. Adverb
3. Choose the most suitable word that can be put into the brackets.
a. drive b. driving c. to drive
• A to-infinitive taked the form of to + base verb and function as a noun, an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
• Put a tick in the box next to the words that to see going to drive stop to sleep
are not in the to-infinitive form.
UNIT 07 • To-infinitives and Gerunds 41
Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 41 1/12/14 9:50 AM

A verb shows the action of a subject (the noun that acts as the agent in the sentence) in a
sentence.
• Many people have a watch. • They find directions with a watch.
The form of a verb can be changed and used as a different word class. Common examples
are to-infinitives and gerunds .
• To-infinitives: to + base verb I want to have dinner with you.
(acts as a noun / adjective / adverb) We need chairs to sit on.
I go north to get a boat.
• Gerunds: verb + ‘~ing’ (acts as a noun) Finding north is easy.
The best way is using your watch.
I enjoy reading stories.
A special verb always takes a to-infinitive or gerund as its object.

• want + to-infinitive • enjoy / finish / keep + gerund
• like / love + to-infinitive or gerund
Tryout A
Write the to-infinitive and gerund forms of each verb.
1. find
2. use
3. choose
4. draw
Tryout B
Write ‘V’ if the underlined word is a verb and ‘P’ if it is a to-infinitive or gerund.
1. They use black, not purple. ( )
2. He likes singing and dancing. ( )
3. I lost my way on the island. ( )
4. It is time to have lunch. ( )
• Non-finite verbs are verb forms that belong to a different word class. Non-finite verbs include to-infinitives,
gerunds and participles. As non-finite verbs have the same form as the original verbs, it is easy to confuse the
two. Example: I like his singing voice. (like: verb; singing: participle)
42 Grammar Practice 4
Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 42 4/11/14 6:08 PM

A Circle the to-infinitives and underline the gerunds in each sentence.
1. Eating healthy food is important.
2. Watching too much TV is bad for you.
3. We go to the beach to swim.
4. I need some paper to write on.
5. Getting up early is not easy.
6. They take the subway to get there.
7. Ellen decided to leave home for England.
8. Choosing opposite colours is difficult.
B Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. I when the traffic light is red. (stop)
2. We want some sugar. (buy)
3. a straight line is difficult. (draw)
4. My hobby is cartoons. (watch)
5. a car is fun. (wash)
6. My mother for us every day. (cook)
7. basketball is his favourite sport. (play)
8. Sarah and Ellen clean their house their mother. (please)

Exercises
C Fill in each blank with the most suitable word.

1. Peter wants his father’s car.
a. to drive b. wash c. getting
2. My best friend loves me very often.
a. to see b. tease c. writing
3. You should finish before noon.
a. to wash b. cook c. baking
4. The family enjoys soccer games.
a. to play b. buy c. watching
D Rewrite each underlined to-infinitive as a gerund.

1. To drink a lot of water is good for your health.
2. To walk alone at night is dangerous.
3. To climb a mountain is good exercise.
4. To play the violin is not easy.
5. We love to go to the park.
Let’s Speak
Answer each question using gerunds or to-infinitives.
1 What is your hobby? My hobby is .
2 What is your worst habit? My worst habit is .
3 What do you like to do after school? I like .
4 What is your plan for the next vacation? My plan is
.
5 What do you want to have for lunch? I want .

Exercises
Word List
Look at the word list below.
1. stop 10. healthy

2. turn 11. beach
3. opposite 12. decide
4. choose 13. straight
5. pair 14. horror
6. drive 15. favourite
7. direction 16. enjoy
8. north 17. habit
9. island 18. exciting
Catch the words

Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with a suitable word or
suitable words from the word list.
1. Right and left are different directions. They are .
2. There are four on a compass: east, west, south, north.
3. Jeju is the biggest in Korea.
4. He likes jogging and swimming. He is very .
5. When you try something difficult, you should .
6. That is not a curve. It is a line.
7. I like watching cartoons. That’s my hobby.
8. My mother was happy to see you. You her.

Exercises
Grammar
A Circle all the non-finite verbs.
1. We love to go to the park.
2. My worst habit is biting nails.
3. My hobby is to watch horror movies.
4. Peter wants to drive his father’s car.
5. My girlfriend loves writing me often.
6. Tim enjoys watching baseball games.

Exercises
Indefinite Pronouns
Situation Grammar
Ellen: Look! There’s something in the water.

Ted: It’s a bottle. And there’s something in the bottle.
Ellen: It looks like a letter.
Ted: A letter? Why is it in a bottle?
Ellen: Someone wrote it and put it in the bottle and
threw the bottle into the water.
Ted: Why?
Ellen: Because the person wanted to send it to
someone across the river.
Ted: We found the bottle so we can read the letter.
Ellen: All right. Let’s take it and read it.
Ted: Huh? There’s nothing on the letter.
1. Which object is ‘something’ referring to?

a. bottle b. letter
2. What was written on the letter?
• 'Some' is a quantitative adjective. 'Any', which is a quantitative adjective, is used in negative and interrogative
sentences.
• Put a tick in the box next to the correct She didn't buy some flowers. She didn't buy any flowers.
sentence.
UNIT 08 • Indefinite Pronouns 47

Pronouns are used in place of the names of people or things to refer to things.
Do you know Sally?

She invited us to her party. (You, she, us, her, it are all pronouns.)
It will be fun!
There are pronouns that do not refer to specific people or things.

• Something / Anything There’s something on the water.
• Nothing We have nothing to do.
• Everything He has everything.
• Someone / Anyone Is there anyone to help me?

• No one No one went to the party.
• Everyone Everyone wants do something.
Tryout A
Underline the indefinite pronoun in each sentence.
1. There’s something in the bottle.
2. Pollution can be almost anything.
3. There’s nothing on the letter.
4. We have to do something now.
Tryout B
Complete each sentence by circling the correct word from the brackets.
1. I want (something / anything) to eat.
2. Can you see (something / anything) in the sky?
3. I need (someone / anyone) to help me.
4. She doesn’t know (someone / anyone) in the class.
• Pronouns that do not clearly refer to something are called indefinite pronouns. As the things that they refer to are
not specific, they are treated as singular.
• 'Something' / 'someone' is used in affirmative sentences while 'anything' / 'anyone' is used in negative or
interrogative sentences.
• Pronouns beginning with 'no-' are negative, so they are not used with 'not'.Example: No one is not in the room. (x)

A Change the underlined words as ‘something’ or ‘anything’ and rewrite
each sentence.
1. There is a bottle on the water.
2. Did he send you a letter?
3. I have to do my homework now.
4. We don’t have a secret to tell you.
5. My aunt is baking a cake for us.
6. Ted and Ellen found a boat on the water.
7. A jellyfish is floating on the water.
8. Ellen didn’t eat breakfast in the morning.
B Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box.
anything something nothing everything
1. Brad is very rich. He has : a big house and a nice car.

2. I didn’t buy anything at the market. I bought .
3. I saw in the mirror. It was me.
4. We can make a chocolate cake. We have to make a
chocolate cake: flour, butter, sugar and chocolate.
5. Is she going to have a party? I didn’t hear from her.
6. I opened the gift box. But there was in it. It was empty.

Exercises
C Replace each underlined word with the correct word.

1. Nothing have power like music.
2. We don’t have something to eat.
3. Nothing else isn’t like that group.
4. Anyone in the group is 73 years old.
5. Everyone know the rock group.
6. Can we do anyone to help sea animals?
7. Elderly people can do almost everyone.
8. I don’t want nothing to eat.
D Rearrange each set of words to make a sentence.

1. (could make / no one / a group / like that)
2. (their music / can enjoy / everyone)
3. (do / almost everything / people / with a computer)
4. (for poor people / something / can do / we)
Let’s Speak
Answer the questions using indefinite pronouns.
1 Can we do anything for our teacher? Yes. We .
2 Is there someone in the classroom? No. There is .
3 Do you have anything hard to do? No. I have .
4 Is there anyone to clean the room? Yes. There is .
5 Who will come to the party? .

Exercises
Word List
1. bottle 2. letter
3. throw 4. across
5. pollution 6. rich
7. sleeping 8. jellyfish
9. float 10. breakfast
11. market 12. flour
13. empty 14. member
15. group 16. almost
17. experience 18. practice
19. elderly 20. hard
Catch the words

1. Don’t throw garbage into the water. It’s .
2. Kelly has a new baby. Shh! It’s .
3. I’m hungry. I didn’t have today.
4. There are a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables in that .
5. I didn’t know anything about skiing. I have no in it.
6. Do you want to win the contest? Then you should harder.
7. people are old. But they know many things.
8. You cannot bake cookies because you don’t have .

Exercises
Grammar
A Circle all the indefinite pronouns.
1. Nothing has power like music.
2. We don’t have anything to eat.
3. Nothing else is like that group.
4. Someone in the group is 73 years old.
5. Everyone knows the rock group.
6. I don’t want anything to eat.

Exercises
Verbs and Objects
Situation Grammar
Ted: Merry Christmas, Ellen!

Ellen: Merry Christmas, Ted! You look so excited.
Ted: Sure. Santa Claus will give me a big present tonight.
Ellen: Haha … Santa Claus does not exist.
Ted: What? He gave me a present last year.
Ellen: That was from your parents. Parents give
presents ( ) their children on Christmas
Eve.
Ted: I can’t believe it. I’ll stay watch tonight. Santa
Claus will put the present under my Christmas
tree.
Ellen: You are still a child.
1. Circle all the verbs in Ted’s sentences in the passage.

2. What is the object of ‘give’?
3. Choose the most suitable preposition that can be put into the brackets.
a. to b. for c. of
• A verb can have an object after it, depending on the type of verb. The object can be a noun or a noun phrase.
• Put a tick in the boxes next to the verbs that require go sleep have come bring
an object.
UNIT 09 • Verbs and Objects 53

A verb needs an object to complete its meaning. An object can be a person or thing that
is the receiver of the verb’s action.
• You give answers to all my questions. (The object of the verb ‘give’ is ‘answer’.)
In some cases, a verb can have two objects. (give, teach, buy, make)
In such sentences, we can change the number of objects to one by using a preposition.
• I sent him a letter. (object 1: person, object 2: thing)
• I sent a letter to him. (object: thing, preposition + person)

* to + person: give, lend, send, show, teach
for + person: buy, cook, find, make
Tryout A
Circle the objects in each sentence and write down how many of them
there are.
1. Santa Claus wears red clothes.
2. He gives me a present every Christmas.
3. Your parents give presents to you.
4. Nigel drew a fat man in red clothes.
Tryout B
Complete each sentence by writing a suitable preposition in the brackets.
1. He shows the picture ( ) me.
2. I can lend $10 ( ) you.
3. My grandmother made a sweater ( ) me.
4. Could you find the book ( ) me?
• Sentences that have one object are Type 3 and those that have two objects are Type 4. Using of a preposition,
Type 4 sentences can be changed to Type 3 sentences. Example: My brother brought me a T-shirt.  Type 4

A Underline the verbs and circle the objects in the sentences.
1. Santa Claus gives children presents.
2. Children hang a stocking in their room.
3. My mother cooks food for Christmas.
4. Santa found an animal to help him.
5. I will buy you the red hat.
6. They sent me a letter from the North Pole.
7. Could you read the story for me?
8. I couldn’t find the answer to the question.
B Circle the letter of the correct sentence.

1. a. My friend lent an interesting book me.
b. My friend lent me an interesting book.
2. a. I couldn’t teach a human language to her.

b. I couldn’t teach a human language her.
3. a. They showed the red clothes to people.

b. They showed to people the red clothes.
4. a. He gave many things to poor people.

b. He gave poor people to many things.
5. a. I will send some flowers to my mother.

b. I will send some flowers for my mother.
6. a. They made a big wedding cake to her.

b. They made a big wedding cake for her.

Exercises
C Rearrange each set of words to make a sentence.

1. (didn’t gave / a penny / he / us)
2. (My mother / a pretty dress / for me / bought)
3. (many pictures / me / showed / My father)
4. (sent / to her / beautiful flowers / the man)
5. (French / me / Marie / taught)
D Rewrite each sentence to contain only one object by using prepositions.

1. She made her son a scarf.
2. I sent my favourite singer a fan e-mail.
3. He didn’t give her an answer.
4. They show me his great paintings.
5. Books give us a lot of information.
6. The chef cooked a nice steak.
Let’s Speak
Answer each question using the correct object for the verb.
1. Who gives you a present at Christmas? Santa Claus gives
.
2. Will you lend me some money? Yes. I will lend .
3. What does your mother buy for you? My mother buys .
4. What can you make for your sister? I can make .
5 What does your teacher teach you? My teacher teaches
.

Exercises
Word List
1. excited 2. present
3. exist 4. watch
5. parents 6. believe
7. draw 8. lend
9. send 10. wedding
11. penny 12. dress
13. French 14. daughter
15. fan letter 16. painting
17. information 18. chef
Catch the words

1. Santa Claus gives us on Christmas Eve.
2. All dinosaurs died long ago. They don’t now.
3. I’m sleepy because I TV late last night.
4. Picasso was a famous painter. He drew many .
5. Could I borrow your camera? Sure. I’ll it to you.
6. I don’t have a . I spent all my money.
7. Mrs Leong is my mother. I’m her .
8. We get lots of from TV and newspapers.

Exercises
Grammar
A Rewrite each sentence with one object to a sentence with two objects and
each sentence with two objects to one object.
1. He didn’t gave us a cent.
2. Marie taught me French.
3. I will buy you the red hat.
4. My father showed me many pictures.
5. My aunt bought a pretty dress for me.
6. The man sent beautiful flowers to her.

Exercises
[1~5] Fill in each blank with the most suitable word.

1. Can you wait for me for a ?
a. name b. favour c. while d. health
2. I Chinese, but I cannot speak it well.
a. talk b. bother c. understand d. hate
3. In a , people make many things using machines.
a. factory b. market c. everywhere d. museum
4. The Pacific is an ocean and Asia is a .
a. Greek b. world c. continent d. tradition
5. I have a problem. Will you give me a piece of ?
a. advice b. fan letter c. story d. cent
[6~10] Circle the word that has the closest meaning to the underlined word.
6. Dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago.
a. alive b. passed away c. appeared d. lived
7. On a colour wheel, we can find many opposite colours.
a. different b. similar c. same d. colourful
8. We have to go north, but we cannot find the direction.
a. problem b. way c. straight d. wagon
9. There are many jobs to choose from, but it’s hard to get a job.
a. lesson b. work c. habit d. living
10. I have a Science test tomorrow, so I will go to the library to study.
a. assessment b. science c. college d. habit
Review Test 1 59

[11~15] Fill in each blank with the most suitable word.
11. Both have relatives at school.
a. boy b. students c. family d. friendship
12. Ellen finished cookies for her party.
a. baking b. to sell c. make d. bought
13. I have lots of bags. My horse will carry .
a. it b. them c. us d. my
14. We have to breakfast every day. It is good for our health.
a. eat b. eating c. ate d. to eat
15. Angeline is rich enough her money to others.
a. sends b. to give c. sharing d. help
[16~20] Circle the letter below the underlined word that is incorrect.
16. My parents in America call me once month.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17. No one else cannot make the cake like that.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18. Is there someone to help me with this difficult question?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19. She made a beautiful wedding dress to her daughter.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20. Every people needs friends to do many things with.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Subject-Verb Agreement
UNIT 15 • Subject-Verb Agreement 91

Exercises
Exercises

Exercises
Exercises
Tense Agreement
UNIT 16 • Tense Agreement 97

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises
Conjunctions
UNIT 17 • Conjunctions 103

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises
Sentence Completion
UNIT 18 • Sentence Completion 109

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises
Review Test 2 115


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Building

Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 1

© 2013 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

First published 2013

Publisher: Sim Wee Chee

Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 2 4/11/14 6:03 PM

UNIT 02 Nouns and Pronouns 11

UNIT 03 Quantitative Adjectives 17

UNIT 04 Adverbs of Time and Frequency 23

UNIT 05 Modal Verbs 29

UNIT 06 The To-infinitive 35

UNIT 07 To-infinitives and Gerunds 41

UNIT 08 Indefinite Pronouns 47

UNIT 09 Verbs and Objects 53

Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 3 4/11/14 6:03 PM

UNIT 11 Clauses and Sentences 67

UNIT 12 Types of Sentences 73

UNIT 13 Sentence Elements 79

UNIT 14 Subject and Predicate 85

UNIT 15 Subject-Verb Agreement 91

UNIT 16 Tense Agreement 97

UNIT 17 Conjunctions 103

UNIT 18 Sentence Completion 109

Review Test 2 115

Grammar Practice 4 prelim FPP.indd 4 4/11/14 6:03 PM

Ted: Why don’t we stop? The traffic light is red.

1. What is the meaning of the underlined part?

2. Circle the part of speech of ‘choosing’.

UNIT 07 • To-infinitives and Gerunds 41

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 41 1/12/14 9:50 AM

A special verb always takes a to-infinitive or gerund as its object.

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 42 4/11/14 6:08 PM

UNIT 07 • To-infinitives and Gerunds 43

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 43 4/11/14 6:08 PM

C Fill in each blank with the most suitable word.

D Rewrite each underlined to-infinitive as a gerund.

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 44 4/11/14 6:08 PM

1. stop 10. healthy

Catch the words

UNIT 07 • To-infinitives and Gerunds 45

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 45 4/11/14 6:08 PM

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 46 4/11/14 6:08 PM

Ellen: Look! There’s something in the water.

1. Which object is ‘something’ referring to?

UNIT 08 • Indefinite Pronouns 47

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 47 1/12/14 9:51 AM

Do you know Sally?

There are pronouns that do not refer to specific people or things.

• Someone / Anyone Is there anyone to help me?

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 48 4/11/14 6:08 PM

2. Did he send you a letter?

3. I have to do my homework now.

4. We don’t have a secret to tell you.

5. My aunt is baking a cake for us.

6. Ted and Ellen found a boat on the water.

7. A jellyfish is floating on the water.

8. Ellen didn’t eat breakfast in the morning.

B Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box.

anything something nothing everything

1. Brad is very rich. He has : a big house and a nice car.

UNIT 08 • Indefinite Pronouns 49

Grammar Practice 4 U7-9 FPP.indd 49 4/11/14 6:08 PM

C Replace each underlined word with the correct word.