Wind load calculation on framed building:

The data for wind load calculations are as follows:

(1) Data:

Dimensions: Parameter Bays Bay length Dimension

Width along x, a 5 6 30 m
Length along y, b 4 6 24 m
Height of typical floor 4m
Height 24.5 m
No. of storeys 7 Y 6 6 6 6 6
Location: Vadodara 6
Design life of the structure 100 years 6
Basic wind speed 39 m/s 6 b
6 X
(2) Check for dynamic analysis a
Time period T= 0.1 n = 0.7 s Line diagram
Frequency = 1/T = 1.43
> 1 wind direction X
Dynamic analysis not necessary … … … (1) B H TA
Height/Minimum lateral dimension = 1.02 external 3 4 12
<= 5 Internal 6 4 24
Dynamic analysis is not necessary … … … (2) wind direction Y
From (1) and (2) Dynamic analysis is not necessary B H TA
external 3 4 12
Internal 6 4 24
 Life in k1 for Wind Speeds in m/s k1
years 33 39 44 47 50 55
50 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 0.82 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.7 0.67
25 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.9 0.9 0.89
The wind calculations are as follows: 100 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08
(3) Design wind speed, Vz Vz = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4
Basic wind speed Vb = 39 m/s
Life of structure assumed = 100 years
* Risk coefficient, k1 : 1.06 [Use Table 1 of IS:875-part III]
Terrain and height factor k2
* Terrain and height factor, k 2 : Height k2 TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4
Use Table 2 of IS:875-part III 0- 10 0.91 10 1.05 1 0.91 0.8
Categary 3 10- 15 0.97 15 1.09 1.05 0.97 0.8
15- 20 1.01 20 1.12 1.07 1.01 0.8
20- 30 1.06 30 1.15 1.12 1.06 0.97
50 1.2 1.17 1.12 1.1
Topography : Plane
* Topography factor, k3 = 1
* Importance factor for cyclic region, k 4 Value of k4
Distance of the site from nearest sea cost 65 km Nature VIP Industrial General
nature of site non-cyclonic Cyclonic 1.3 1.15 1
Non-
Structure type Commercial cyclonic 1 1 1
k4 = 1.3
Design wind speed, vz = Vz = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4
= 39×1.06×1×1.3= 53.742 Value of kd
Wind pressure p z at any height z is given by Circular or near circular forms 1
pz = 0.6 Vz
2
= 1733 (k2)
2
N/m2 Others 0.9
(4) Design wind pressure, pd : area averaging factor, ka
pd = Kd.Ka.Kc.pz Tributary area, sqm ka
Form of the building (circular or others)= Others upto 10 1
* Wind directionality factor, Kd = Kd = 0.9 25 0.9
100 0.8
* Area averaging factor, Ka 1000 0.8

Direction of wind: x y
Tributary area : Ext Ext WL in x 10 1 WL in y 10 1
2
Area in m 12 12 Ext 25 0.9 Ext 25 0.9
ka = 0.987 0.987 10 1 10 1
Tributary area : Int Int Int 25 0.9 Int 25 0.9
2
Area in m 24 24
ka = 0.907 0.907

For RCC building, kc = 1

* Combination factor, kc = 1 1

2 2
Now pd > 0.7 pz, i.e. pd > 1213.05 (k2) 1213.05 (k2)

External
2 2
p d = kd.ka.kc.pz 1539 (k2) 1539 (k2)
2 2
pd > 0.7 pz, i.e. pd = 1539 (k2) 1539 (k2)
Internal
2 2
p d = kd.ka.kc.pz 1415 (k2) 1415 (k2)
2 2
pd > 0.7 pz, i.e. pd = 1415 (k2) 1415 (k2)
The design wind pressure at any height z is obtained as follows:

2
Height k2 pd, N/m
x dir y dir
Ext Int Ext Int
10 0.91 1274 1172 1274 1172
15 0.97 1448 1331 1448 1331
20 1.01 1570 1443 1570 1443
30 1.06 1729 1590 1729 1590

(5) Wind load calculations:

For the building, h/b = 24.5/24= 1.021 and a/b = 30/24= 1.3
Cf = 1.25 [fig. 4, IS:875 (iii)]
Then F = Cf Ae pd = 1.25 Ae pd

The wind loads are distributed according to tributary areas supported.

Direction of wind X
Total length = 24 m
No. of frames = 5
Tributary length:
Ext. frame L = 3 m
Int. frame L = 6 m
For external frame, load / m ht. of the wall = 1.25×3 pd = 3.75 p d
For internal frame, load / m ht. of the wall = 1.25×6 pd = 7.5 p d
Design wind loads in x direction are now calculated as follows:
 Design load in kN/m
Height, External Internal
m 2 2
Coeff pd, N/m N/m kN/m Coeff pd, N/m N/m kN/m

10 3.75 1274 4779 4.78 7.5 1172 8788 8.79

15 3.75 1448 5430 5.43 7.5 1331 9985 9.99
20 3.75 1570 5887 5.89 7.5 1443 10826 10.83
30 3.75 1729 6485 6.48 7.5 1590 11924 11.92