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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Field artillery
materiel
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Title: Field artillery materiel

Compiler: James P. Kelly

Release date: October 25, 2023 [eBook #71954]

Language: English

Original publication: Columbia, MO: University Coop Store, 1920

Credits: Bob Taylor, Brian Coe and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by the Library of Congress)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIELD

ARTILLERY MATERIEL ***
 FIELD ARTILLERY
MATERIEL
Notes on the Development,
Use and Care of Modern Field Artillery
Equipment, Including the
3” Field Gun, American, French and
British 75s, the 4.7” Gun, 155-mm
Howitzer, GPF, Fire Control Instruments,
Signal Equipment and small
arms used by the Field Artillery—automatic
pistol, automatic rifle and
the Browning machine gun.

Compiled by

JAMES P. KELLY
1ST LIEUT. FIELD ARTILLERY
U. S. ARMY

COPYRIGHT
BY
THE UNIVERSITY CO-OPERATIVE STORE
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
COLUMBIA, MO.
1920
 DEDICATION
To those efficient officers and inspiring gentlemen who
interested the “youngsters” of the Yale batteries in the
service of their country, and, in a time of peace, prepared
them for the duties which they later performed in a time of
war, this book is gratefully and respectfully dedicated.
 ARTILLERY OF THE FUTURE.

SELF-PROPELLING CATERPILLAR MARK VII 75-MM. GUN. MODEL 1916.

SELF-PROPELLING CATERPILLAR MARK II 155-MM. FILLOUX GUN.
 INTRODUCTION.
The compiler of this volume believes that the Field Artillery student
should possess a broad, general knowledge of the history and
development of ordnance, with some idea of the elements of gun
construction; that he should be acquainted with the organization,
ideals and practicalities of modern field artillery armament; that he
should know the ammunition and the guns in our Field Artillery
service with their care and maintenance.
It is also believed that in the R. O. T. C. units of Field Artillery the
student should make the complete 3” equipment the basis of his
knowledge of materiel. He should become thoroughly and familiarly
acquainted with this weapon, and, to a lesser extent, with the other
light pieces which are in present use. The reason for this being that
our experience in the World War has shown that a thorough
knowledge of one class of materiel permits a ready adaptation to any
other type. He should also know the manner of functioning of the
4.7” and 155-mm rifles, with a somewhat more intensive knowledge
of the 155-mm howitzer—and with a sound knowledge of the
capabilities and limitations of all.
To complete his instruction in materiel he should know the use and
care of Fire Control equipment, Signal equipment, and the small
arms used in the field artillery, pistol, automatic rifle and machine
gun.
The lack of a single volume covering the above has been the
cause of the compilation of this book. The compiler hopes the R. O.
T. C. student will find in it a text which will be interesting, instructive
and comprehensive. To the lieutenants in charge of Department “A”
and to those who aspire to that responsibility it is hoped that this
work will prove a valued addition to their professional libraries.
The subjects covered herein have been taken wholly or in part
from the various official handbooks, from “Ordnance and Gunnery, U.
S. M. A.,” “Naval Gunnery, U. S. N. A.,” “America’s Munitions,” “Gun
Making in the U. S. A.,” “Ordnance and Gunnery for Field Artillery
Officers,” “Artillery Firing,” “The Field Artillery Journal,” Ordnance
Doc. 2033, from lecture notes taken at the School of Fire, Brigade
Training Pamphlets, and various other sources.
The compiler is indebted to Lt. Col. Lloyd E. Jones, F. A. and
Major H. C. Jackson, F. A. for the valuable advice and the helpful
assistance they rendered in this compilation.
 CONTENTS.
Chapters Page
I. Definitions. 11
II. History and Development of Materiel. 16
Biblical references—Use by Romans in Punic wars
—Greeks; Chinese use of pyrotechmy; French
field artillery in the time of Charles VIII;
Gustavus Adolphus and artillery in the 17th
century; Louis XIV; Gribeauval’s work in 1765;
Shrapnel, 1808; Smooth bores to rifles, middle
of 19th century; French “75;” Period 1897 to
date.
III. Elements of Gun Design and Construction. 27
Guns—wire wrapped and built-up; twist;
breechblocks; carriages; traversing
mechanisms; elevating mechanisms; recoil
systems. Air and spring recuperators; shields;
sights; wheels; trails.
IV. Modern Armament. 46
Discussions of types of artillery and their
organization; missions and guns suitable to
accomplish different missions; ideal and
practical types for divisional corps and army
artillery.
V. Three-inch Field Gun. 62
Weights and dimensions.
Description of gun, carriage, caisson and limbers;
functioning of principal parts.
Mounting and dismounting.
75-mm Model 1897 (“French 75”).
 VI. 84
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
Care, preservation, dismounting.
VII. 75-mm Model 1916 (“American 75”). 105
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
Care, preservation, dismounting, mounting.
VIII. 75-mm Model 1917 (“British 75”). 147
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
IX. 4.7” Rifle Model 1906. 154
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
X. 155-mm Rifle (Filloux Gun) (GPF). 160
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
XI. 155-mm Howitzer Model 1918. 167
Weights and dimensions.
Description and functioning of principal parts.
Notes on dismounting and mounting—cleaning.
XII. Explosives, Ammunition and Fuzes. 199
Explosives—classes, fillers, H. E., nitrogen
compounds.
Ammunition—classes, discussion of fixed, semi-
fixed and separate ammunition, primers,
charges, construction of different types of shell,
care.
Fuzes—principle of operation, arming, classification,
precautions, tables of fuzes giving description,
use, etc.
Ammunition marking.
Care and Preservation of Materiel.
XIII. 236
Oils and cleaning materials; tools and accessories;
care and cleaning of different parts of carriages,
emptying, cleaning and filling cylinders,
cleaning bore, breech, springs, etc.; general
instructions for care of cloth, leather and metal
equipment. Cleaning schedules.
XIV. Fire Control Equipment. 258
Sights—line, front and rear, panoramic; model 1915
and 1917 with their use, care and verification.
Range Quadrant, care, use and adjustment. B.
C. Telescope, model 1915 and Aiming Circle
model 1916, with their use, care and
adjustment. Range Finder, 1 meter base, use,
care and adjustment. Field Glasses. Fuse
Setters.
XV. Signal Equipment. 285
Telephones and Monocord Switchboards—
description, use, adjustments, trouble shooting
and care.
Projectors—description, use, adjustment, service
code for lamps and buzzer, conventional
signals.
Pyrotechnical signaling, classification of rockets,
use, code.
Panels—liaison with airplanes, signals, description
of panels, panel code.
Flags—classification, use of semaphore and wig-
wag.
Radio—Description of equipment, SCR-54 and
SCR-54-A Sets, methods of operation, use of
vacuum detectors, precautions, sources of
trouble, maintenance, reception of airplane
signals.
XVI. Small Arms. 315
 Pistol, machine gun and automatic rifle—
description, use and care.
XVII. Motors 328
Reconnaissance car, Dodge, Harley-Davidson
motorcycles. 5-ton tractors, ammunition trucks,
cargo trucks. How to drive, sources of trouble,
maintenance.
Appendices. 349
A.Gunner’s Examinations—preparations,
Cannoneers’ “Don’ts,” training gun crews.
B. Tabular comparison of light guns used in World
370
War.
C. Table of Equivalents. 371
Index.
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Title Page
Artillery of the Future Frontispiece
Diagram Hydro-Springs and Hydro-Pneumatic Recoil
41
Systems
3-inch Field Gun Breech Mechanism Facing 63
Carriage Model 1902, Plan View Facing 65
Elevating Gear 67
Traversing Gear Facing 66
Recoil Controlling Mechanism Facing 69
Caisson Limber, Model 1916 73
Caisson, Model 1902 Facing 74
75-mm Field Gun, Model 1897 (French) 85
Breech Mechanism 86
Firing Mechanism 88
Gun Carriage, Longitudinal Section 90
Gun Carriage, Rear View 91
Gun Carriage, Left Side 92
Gun Carriage, Right Side 93
Gun Carriage, Plan View 94
Wheel Brake Mechanism (Abatage) 96
Range Elevating Mechanism 98
75-mm Field Gun, Model 1916 (American) 107
Breech Mechanism 108
 Breech Mechanism 109
Gun Carriage, Left Side 112
Gun Carriage, Right Side 113
Gun Carriage, Rear View 116
Gun Carriage, Plan View 117
Gun Carriage, Longitudinal and Transversal
119
Sections
Recoil Mechanism 122
Valve Turning Gear 125
Angle of Site Mechanism 128
Elevating Mechanism 130
Traversing Mechanism 132
75-mm Field Gun, Model 1917 (British) 148
Breech Mechanism 149
Recoil Mechanism 151
Gun Carriage, Plan View 152
4.7-inch Gun, Model 1906, Longitudinal Section 155
Gun Carriage, Left, Plan and Rear Views 158
155-mm Gun, Model 1918, (GPF) (Filloux) 161
Longitudinal Section in Battery 163
Carriage and Limber, Traveling Position Facing 165
155-mm Howitzer, Model 1918 169
Carriage and Limber Facing 166
Carriage Unlimbered Facing 167
Breech Mechanism 171
Breech Mechanism 172
Firing Mechanism 174
 Longitudinal Section 180
Carriage, Left Side 183
Elevating Mechanism 184
Traversing Rollers 186
Traversing Mechanism 188
Air and Liquid Pumps 190
Howitzer Carriage, Plan View 191
Quadrant Sights, Model 1918 193
DeBange Obturator 205
Mark II-A Primer 207
155 Steel Shell Mark IV 210
155 Shrapnel Mark I 212
4.7-inch Gun Ammunition 213
3-inch Gun Ammunition Facing 214
Detonating Fuze, Mark III 225
Detonating Fuze, Mark V 226
45 Second Combination Fuze, Mark 1 230
21 Second Combination Fuze, Model 1907 M 231
75-mm Gun Ammunition 234
Rear Sight, 3-inch Field Gun 259
Panoramic Sight, Model of 1917 261
Panoramic Sight, Model of 1915 264
Range Quadrant, 3-inch Field Gun 266
Battery Commander’s Telescope, Model 1915 271
Aiming Circle 275
Diagram of Range Finder Principle 279
Range Finder, Rear View Facing 280
Range Finder Tripod Facing 281
Three-Steps in Range Finding Facing 282
Fuze Setters Facing 284
Camp Telephone Facing 286
Diagram Telephone Circuit 287
Diagram Radio Circuit 307
The Automatic Pistol, Cal. 45, Model 1911 Facing 316
Receiver, Barrel and Slide Facing 317
Component Parts Facing 318
Component Parts Assembled Facing 319
Ammunition Truck Facing 334
 CHAPTER I
DEFINITIONS.

In the study of any subject which is rather technical in nature, it is

absolutely essential that the reader be familiar with the meaning of
the words and phrases which must be used in the matter to be
discussed. If the subject matter is to be understood there must be a
common phraseology. The reader is therefore strongly urged to
perfect his knowledge of the following short vocabulary before
passing on to the matter which follows.
Ammunition. A general term applied to all forms of
powders, shells, cartridges, primers, etc.
(a) Fixed Ammunition. When the powder charge
is enclosed in a metallic container which is
fixed to the projectile, it is called “Fixed
Ammunition.”
(b) Semi-Fixed Ammunition. When the charge
and metallic container are a fixed unit but are
not fastened to the projectile, it is called
“Semi-Fixed Ammunition.”
(c) Separate Ammunition. When the powder
charge is contained in bags separate from
the projectile and containing not a fixed but a
varying charge, it is called “Separate
Ammunition.”
Artillery. All firearms not carried by hand, excepting
machine guns. It is divided into two general
classifications: (1) artillery of position, and (2) mobile
artillery.
 (1) Artillery of Position is that which is
permanently mounted in fortifications.
(2) Mobile Artillery consists of two classes: first,
artillery designed to accompany an army in
the field; second, railway artillery which
requires tracks for its transportation.
Ballistics. The science of hurling projectiles or of the
motion of projectiles in their flight.
Bore. The hole which extends from the muzzle to the
breech. The passageway for the projectile. That part
of the tube which is bored out.
Breech. The rear end of the gun, tube, or barrel.
Caisson. A two-wheeled vehicle which supports an
ammunition chest. The wheeled equipment of a gun
section consists of one gun with its limber and one
caisson with its limber. For a caisson section it
consists of two caissons with their limbers.
Caliber (Calibre). The diameter between the highest
points in the bore.
Carriage, gun. Usually understood to mean all the piece
except the tube with its appurtenances and the limber.
Cartridge case. A hollow cylinder shaped to fit the bore. A
container for the propelling charge.
Charge.
(a) Propelling. A quantity of powder used in the
bore to generate the gases which propel the
projectile from the gun.
(b) Bursting. A quantity of powder used in
shrapnel to strip off the head of the projectile
and to force out the balls.
(c) Explosive. The matter used in a shell to
detonate it at the end of its flight.