Non-sway frame: example

Analyse the sway given

in the figure
 Non-sway frame: example
• DFs
Joint B:
Span nEI/L DF

BA 2/6x0.75 0.25 0.36

BC 2/8x0.75 0.19 0.28

BE 1/4 0.25 0.36

=0.69 =1

Joint C:

Span EI/L DF
CB 2/8 0.25 0.5
CF 1/4 0.25 0.5
=0.5 =1
Non-sway frame: example
60  4  22
M AB = − 2
= −26.7 kNm
6
60  42  2
M BA = 2
= 53.3kNm
6
20  82
M BC = - = −106.6kNm
12
20  82
M CB = = +106.6kNm
12
20  22
M CD = - = −40kNm
2
Span EB AB BA BE BC CB CF CD FC

DFs 0.333 0.333 0.333 0.5 0.5

FEMs -26.7 +53.3 -106.7 +106.7 -40
Pin A +26.7 +13.3
Balance +13.4 +13.4 +13.3 -33.3 -33.4
Carry +6.7 -16.6 +6.6 -16.7
over
Balance +5.5 +5.5 +5.6 -3.3 -3.3
Carry +2.7 -1.6 +2.8 -1.6
over
Balance +0.5 +0.5 +0.6 -1.4 -1.4
Carry +0.2 -0.7 +0.3 -0.7
over
Balance +0.2 +0.2 +0.3 -0.2 -0.1
Total +9.6 0 +86.2 +19.6 -105.8 +78.2 -38.2 -40 -19
Non-sway frame: example
RC coursework

• Assumptions
• Use of sub-frames
• Detailing
 Analysis of the structure
Stiffness of the members can be calculated on the basis of :
• Entire concrete cross section/ concrete cross section +transformed area of the
reinforcement
• The compression area only of the concrete cross section + transformed area of the
reinforcement
 Analysis of a continuous beam
• Load arrangement for maximum sagging
and hogging moment
Analysis of a continuous beam
• Load arrangement for maximum
shear force
Analysis of a frame
• Introducing subframes: isolate the beam
and columns to be designed and introduce
fixed supports
 Analysis of a frame (beams)
• Introducing subframes; to analyse the
central beam
 Analysis of a frame (for a column)
• Introducing subframes: analysis of the
columns
 Analysis of a frame (option 2 for the
column)
• To determine the maximum moments in
the column use the following load cases-
useful for the determination of the
slenderness of the column
For the coursework: analysis
• Analyse the subframe using option 1: obtain the BMDs and
for the beam.
Or
• option 2 analyse the beam as continuous beam on pinned
supports

• Alternatively Analyse using FE programme

For columns and the axial load: use a continuous beam model for the analysis of the beam
to obtain max shear in the middle support. Use the reaction as your axial load for the
column (+ self weight)
 For the coursework: loads
• For the loads gk and qk you can use the values from the
Handout.
Calculate the self weight of the floor (RC slab +
finishes+…, for the concrete use 25kN/m3 as unit
weight).For variable load use the values from the handout

• Design using ULS load combination

• Remember that the area loads have to be applied onto
the beam as linear UDLs.

• Draw a final envelope of the BMDs and SFDs

 For the coursework: design
• Design the column to satisfy the ULS
• For combined M and N

Then detailing! Plot the position of the longitudinal

reinforcement in your continuous beam and in the
cross sections near the mid span and support.
 For the coursework: design
• Use the simplified curtailment rules in the next slides to
determine the lengths and the anchorage of the bars.
• The rules specify distances for percentages of the rebars,
i.e. 100%, 60% or 30% of the maximum sagging or
hogging reinforcement
• The lengths of the rebars is then determined based on the
effective length of the span L, i.e. the bar should extend to
0.15L from the face of the column.
Transverse reinforcement: beams &
columns
Links details for columns must ensure the
links won’t “open” to provide confinement
Example: reinforcement details
• Links are omitted for clarity
Example: reinforcement detail
Cross sections: details of the position of rebars for
sagging and hogging moments. Make sure that the
clear distance between 2 bars in minimum 20mm.
 Columns details: near the ends

At a distance equal to the larger

dimension of the column above
and below the slab/beam, sred is
to be provided:
• 12 times the size of the diameter of
the smallest bar
• 240mm
• 60% of the lesser dimension of the
column
 Columns details:
At a distance greater than
the larger dimension of the
column s should not exceed:
• 20 times the size of the
diameter of the smallest bar
• 400mm
• Lesser dimension of the column
 Top bars at internal support
• For a maximum hogging moment 100% of the reinforcement
must project a distance from the face of the support
• 60% of the maximum steel must continue to 0.25L from the
support face unless other information is given
• 20% of the maximum steel must continue throughout the
span
 Bottom bars in span
• For a maximum sagging moment 100% of the reinforcement
must project a distance from the centre of the support
• At least 30% of the maximum reinforcement must be
continued to within 25mm from the centre of the support
 Bottom bars in span
• For a maximum sagging moment 100% of the reinforcement
must project a distance from the centre of the support
• At least 30% of the maximum reinforcement must be
continued to within 25mm from the centre of the support
 Simply supported beams
• For a maximum sagging moment 100% of the reinforcement
must project a distance from the centre of the support
• At least 50% of the maximum reinforcement must be continued
to 12 x diameter beyond the centre of the support
 Cantilever support
• For a maximum sagging moment 100% of the
reinforcement must project a distance from the centre of
the support
• At least 50% of the maximum reinforcement must be
continued to the end of the cantilever