University Of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME419
Fluid mechanics lab
Seventh semester

Experiment name: Flow through a Venturi-meter

Delivery date: 8/2/2024

Student name:‫ دعاء مفتاح الفاخري‬:‫االسم‬
Student number: :34562‫الرقم الدراسي‬
 Experiment N0.3: Flow Through a Venturimeter

Introduction:
A venturi meter is a measuring or also considered as a meter device that is usually used to measure the flow of a fluid in
the pipe. A Venturi meter may also be used to increase the velocity of any type fluid in a pipe at any particular point. It
basically works on the principle of Bernoulli's Theorem. The pressure in a fluid moving through a small cross section drops
suddenly leading to an increase in velocity of the flow. The fluid of the characteristics of high pressure and low velocity gets
converted to the low pressure and high velocity at a particular point and again reaches to high pressure and low velocity.
The point where the characteristics become low pressure and high velocity is the place where the venturi flow meter is
used. The Venturi meter is constructed as shown in Figure. It has a constriction within itself. The pressure difference
between the upstream and the downstream flow, Δh, can be found as a function of the flow rate. Applying Bernoulli’s
equation to points 1 and 2 of the Venturi meter and relating the pressure difference to the flow rate yields

Objectives:
The objectives from the implement of this experiment are study the principles of Venturi meter and to determine its
coefficient (Cd) by comparing the measure flow rate (Qactual) with the ideal flow rate (Qtheortical). Typically, the discharge
coefficient (Cd) has a value between , and . The actual value of Cd is dependent on a given Venturi meter, and even it
may change with Qactuual.

Theory:
As shown in figure, the Venturi meter is used for measuring the discharge in the long pipe. It is consisting from converging
cone (contraction section) with angle about (15-20˚ ). This section is accelerated the fluid and lead it to a throat section,
which has cross-sectional area smaller than the pipe (the flow area is the minimum), so that, the fluid velocity through the
throat is higher than that in the pipe. This increase of velocity is accompanied by a fall in pressure, the magnitude of which
depends on the rate of flow, so that by measuring the pressure drop (the pressure difference between the upstream side of
the cone and the throat), the signal for the flow rate is provided and the discharge is calculated. Then the fluid slow down
in a cone with smaller angle about (5-7 ˚), where, most of the kinetic energy is converted back to pressure energy
The Equation
The theoretical (ideal) piezometric head coefficient=

The actual piezometric head coefficient=

Equipment and apparatus:

the Venturi meter. Water enters from the hydraulic bench to the Venturi meter which consisting of a short nozzle, a throat,
and a long diffuser. Next, the water flows into a rapidly diverging section followed by a settling length where the flow again
adjusts to uniform conditions.

Hydraulic bench

Venturi-meter apparatus

weighting tank and Stop watch

Procedure
1.Stand the apparatus on top of the hydraulic bench. Connect the bench supply hose to the inlet pipe
and secure it with
a hose clip. Connect a hose to the outlet pipe and put the other end of the hose in the hole leading
to the bench volumetric tank
2. Open the outlet valve, then switch on the bench pump and open the bench supply valve to admit water
to the apparatus.
3. Partly, close the outlet valve, so that water is driven in manometer tubes. Then, carefully close both valves
so that you stop the flow whilst keeping the levels of water in the manometers somewhere within
the range on the manometer scale.
4. Level the apparatus by adjusting the leveling screws until the manometers each read the same value.
5. Open both valves (inlet and outlet) and carefully adjust each one in turn until you
obtain the maximum differential reading (h1-h2) whilst keeping all the water levels within the
range on the manometers scale. If necessary, adjust the general level by pumping air pipe into the reservoir
r or releasing air.
6. Record the manometer reading (h1, and h2).
7. Measure the flow rate (Qact) by timing the collection of water in the bench volumetric tank
 Q VS (h1 – h2)1/2 and estimate the Venturi/discharge
coefficient “C”

Measurement of (h1 – h2)1/2 & Q

QTY T H1 H2 104Xq (h1 – h2) (h1 – h2)1/2

(kg) (s) (mm) (mm) (m3/s) (m) (m1/2)
45 100.9 247.5 6.0 4.46 0.2415 0.492
45 103.6 246.0 13.0 4.34 0.2330 0.483
45 110.7 232.5 26.5 4.06 0.2060 0.454
30 80.2 215.5 41.0 3.74 0.1745 0.418
30 87.9 201.0 56.0 3.42 0.1450 0.381
30 101.5 181.0 69.5 2.96 0.1115 0.334
30 118.5 159.5 79.5 2.53 0.0800 0.283
15 84.4 136.5 97.0 1.78 0.0395 0.199
15 134.9 121.0 105.0 1.11 0.0160 0.126

Graph between 104XQ and (h1 – h2)1/2

The slope = 1103

0.6

The graph become: -

y = 0.1103x +
(h1 – h2)1/2 = 1103 Q 0.4 0.0041

Then: - Q= 0.906 x 10-3. (h1 – h2)1/2

0.3
From equ (6.4) in the lap sheet we can get:
0.906×10−3
0.2
c= = 0.942
0 1 2 3 4 5
2.01×10−4√2×9.81/0.856
 Calculate and plot the discharge coefficient at different flow
rates (C vs. Q)

104XQ (h1 – h2)1/2 C

(m1/2)
0.945 (m3/s)
4.46 0.492 0.940
0.94 4.36 0.483 0.938
4.06 0.454 0.920
0.935
3.74 0.418 0.930
3.42 0.381 0.938
2.96 0.334 0.928
0.93
2.53 0.283 0.930
1.78 0.199 0.932
0 1 2 3 4 5 1.11 0.126 0.925

Sketch the theoretical and measured pressure (non-dimensional)

distribution along the Venturi meter

 Theoretical

Piezometer diameter 𝑑4/𝑑𝑛 (𝑎4/𝑎𝑛)2 (𝑎4/𝑎1)2 -

Tune No n (𝑎4/𝑎𝑛)2
A 26 0.615 0.144 0.000
B 23.20 0.690 0.226 - 0.082
C 18.40 0.868 0.575 - 0.431
D 16.00 1.00 1.000 - 0.856
E 16.80 0.953 0.830 - 0.686
F 18.47 0.867 0.565 - 0.421
G 20.16 0.787 0.400 - 0.256
H 21.84 0.730 0.289 - 0.145
J 23.53 0.680 0.215 - 0.071
K 25.24 0.633 0.168 - 0.024
L 26.00 0.615 0.144 0.000
 Actual pressure distribution at Q= 4.46X10-4

Piezometer Tune No Hm Hn – H1 Hn – H1
n
A 247.5 0 0
B 228.5 -0.019 -0.077
C 140.5 -0.1075 -0.429
D 6.0 -0.2415 -0.961
E 26.0 -0.2215 -0.880
F 112.0 -0.1355 -0.540
G 150.5 -0.0970 -0.388
H 176.0 -0.0715 -0.297
J 193.0 -0.0545 -0.216
K 204.0 -0.0435 -0.173
L 209.0 -0.0385 -0.153

Actual pressure distribution at Q= 2.96X10-4

Piezometer Tune No Hm Hn – H1 Hn – H1

A 247.5 0 0
B 228.5 -0.019 -0.077
C 140.5 -0.1075 -0.429
D 6.0 -0.2415 -0.961
E 26.0 -0.2215 -0.880
F 112.0 -0.1355 -0.540
G 150.5 -0.0970 -0.388
H 176.0 -0.0715 -0.297
J 193.0 -0.0545 -0.216
K 204.0 -0.0435 -0.173
L 209.0 -0.0385 -0.153
 Sketch for all Pressure distribution along the Venturi
meter:

Pressure
distributions
0

-0.2

-0.4
theoretical pressure dis
t
-0.6 Q = 4.46x10 e-4
Q=2.96X10e -4

-0.8

-1

-1.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
 Conclusion:
As from the resultsit is evident that the increase in flow rate causes the differential

head to rise in the two limbs of the manometer which proves the Venturi effect.