THESIS SUMMARY

OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF

DADAHUP SWAMP IRRIGATION AREA WITH THE USE OF
TELEMETRY MONITORING SYSTEM

ASRIL ZEVRI
21/486352/PTK/14174

MASTER STUDY PROGRAM IN NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
YOGYAKARTA
2023
 APPROVAL SHEET
THESIS SUMMARY

OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF

DADAHUP SWAMP IRRIGATION AREA WITH THE USE OF
TELEMETRY MONITORING SYSTEM

ASRIL ZEVRI
21/486352/PTK/14174

has been approved by the Supervisory Team

Principal Supervisor

30/01/2023
Ir. Adam Pamudji Rahardjo, M.Sc., Ph. D.
NIP. 196202281987101001

Assistant Supervisor

Prof. Ir. Djoko Legono, Ph., D.

NIP. 195211121980101001

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problems ...................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................2
2.1 Land Reclamation of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area ...........................................................2
2.2 Land Condition of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area ...............................................................2
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................................3
3.1 Research Location ....................................................................................................................3
3.2 Research Stages ........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER IV RESULT DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................5
4.1 Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation ...............................5
4.2 Hydraulic Simulation for Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup Swamp
Irrigation ...................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER V............................................................................................................................................9
5.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................................9
5.2 Suggest .....................................................................................................................................9
References ................................................................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The development of irrigated land by reconstruction and development of swamp irrigation networks in
the working areas of blocks A, B, C, and D has a total target of 165 thousand hectares of swamp irrigation
service area spread across Kapuas and Pulang Pisau Regencies of Central Kalimantan Province (Yestati
& Noor, 2021) . One of the working areas of block A that has the potential to be developed is Dadahup
Swamp Irrigation Area because the area reaches + 25 thousand Ha and is covered by the Barito, Kapuas
Murung, and Mengkatip River Watersheds which are quite extensive and are in the category of high
rainfall intensity.

1.2 Problems
Frequent natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and forest fires around the Dadahup Swamp
Irrigation area have resulted in the change or transformation of agricultural land into plantation land,
shrubs, and settlements (Arif et al., 2022). This condition is also supported by the lack of seriousness of
the Government in managing irrigation land so that the function of irrigation networks and buildings
does not work optimally in irrigating land. The impact of disasters and non-optimal management results
in agricultural land not being reached and turning into unproductive land. The current water system in
Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area is divided into several macro and micro tertiary plots with a main
channel network consisting of primary, secondary, and collector channels whose flow direction is
parallel to the flow direction of the river network (Magdalena et al., 2022). The characteristics of
swampland with shallow pyrite depth almost dominate in the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area tertiary
plot, which results in water quality contaminated with acid content so that the pH value of water in the
field is quite low for rice plant growth. One of the initiations carried out by the UGM Research Team is
the installation of a telemetry monitoring tool that aims to observe changes in water dynamics both in
quantity and quality (Arif et al., 2021).

1.3 Objectives
Based on these problems, it is necessary to optimize the operation and maintenance of Dadahup Swamp
Irrigation area based on Gate setting operations with water level elevation as the basis for water supply
and drainage to achieve optimal water quantity and quality.

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 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Land Reclamation of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area

Swampland reclamation activities carried out by the Government were first implemented in 1969-1984
with a land reclamation development target of 5.25 million hectares but only reached around 2 million
hectares. Swampland reclamation development efforts were then continued in 1999 (PLG Project) with
a target area of one million hectares. This project was not fully realized due to the economic crisis
(Fahmid et al., 2022).

2.2 Land Condition of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area

The classification of tidal swamp irrigation based on hydro-topography has four types namely A, B, C
and D and the classification of non-tidal swamp irrigation has three types namely shallow lebak, lebak
pematang and deep lebak as shown in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 (Pramono et al., 2021).

Figure 2. 1 Tidal Swamp Irrigation Classification (Istianto et al., 2018)

Figure 2. 2 Non- Tidal Swamp Irrigation Classification (Sulaiman et al., 2019)

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The hydro-topography category of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area is type C and D which results in the
main source of water in the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area is rainfall which is mostly done by the
drainage process (Wignyosukarto, 2000). Operation and maintenance of irrigation networks is a series
of efforts to regulate irrigation water including its disposal and efforts to maintain and secure irrigation
networks so that they can always function properly. The basic concept of Irrigation Modernization
development is based on the Internet of Things which includes 3 main elements, namely sensors, internet
connections, and data centers (Muhaemin, 2018). The implementation of operation and maintenance of
floodgates in swamp irrigation networks is inseparable from the implementation procedure which aims
to maintain a water level of 50-60 cm below ground level in the dry season as a supply function and
maintain a water level above 10 cm from the elevation of water needs in the rainy season as a drainage
function (BPSDM Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat, 2022).

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS

RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Location

Administratively, Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area is covered by 2 sub-districts, namely Dadahup Sub-
district and Kapuas Murung Sub-district, consisting of 16 villages, of which 7 villages are in Dadahup
Sub-district and 9 villages are in Kapuas Murung Sub-district as shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3. 1 Research location (Virama Karya, 2020)

3.2 Research Stages
The data used in the research consists of primary data, namely tidal observations with the Tides
application at the Barito River Mouth, water level observations at the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation
channel intake, water level observations at points L and Q, maximum daily rainfall and water quality in
channels and land based on telemetry monitoring tools while secondary data consists of channel
geometry profiles, irrigation network maps, and dimensions and elevations of Gate buildings. The stages
of the research method in general simulate the dynamics of the water level of irrigation networks and
buildings sourced from the coverage of the Barito River network using HEC-RAS Software.

Figure 3. 2 Research Stages

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 CHAPTER IV RESULT DISCUSSION
RESULT DISCUSSION

4.1 Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation

The operation and maintenance optimization of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area was planned based on
Gate operations in the main primary channel, additionaly primary, secondary channels connected to the
river network, and secondary channels. Gate operations are carried out with two seasonal conditions,
namely in the dry and rainy seasons described in Figure 4.1 and Table 4.1.

(a)

(b)
Figure 4. 1 Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation
 Table 4. 1 Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation

No Season Operation Explanation

1 Dry Macro Water 1 The Main Primary Channel (SPU) functions as a drainage channel controlled
Management by the L Gate.
System 2 Additional Primary Channel (SPP) functions as a supply channel controlled
by Gates L1 and L2.
3 The Main Primary Channel (SPU) functions as a drainage channel controlled
by Gate V with a Gate opening of 0.8 m from the bottom to maintain the
groundwater level.
4 Secondary channels associated with the Barito, Mengkatip, and Kapuas
Murung Rivers function as drainage channels controlled by gates P1, P2, S1,
S2, V1, and V2 to maintain water levels.
2 Micro Water 5 Secondary gates M, O, Q, and S are opened at water levels above + 0.5 m
Management and closed at water levels below + 0.5 m.
System
3 Rain Macro Water 1 The Main Primary Channel (SPU) functions as a drainage channel controlled
Management by the L Gate.
System 2 Additional Primary Channel (SPP) functions as a drainage channel controlled
by Gates L1 and L2.
3 The Main Primary Channel (SPU) functions as a drainage channel controlled
by Gate V with a Gate opening of 0.8 m from the bottom to maintain the
groundwater level.
4 Secondary channels associated with the Barito, Mengkatip, and Kapuas
Murung Rivers function as drainage channels controlled by gates P1, P2, S1,
S2, V1, and V2 to maintain water levels.
4 Micro Water 5 Secondary gates M, O, Q, and S are opened at water levels above + 1.1 m
Management and closed at water levels below + 0.5 m.
System

4.2 Hydraulic Simulation for Operation and Maintenance Optimization of Dadahup

Swamp Irrigation
Hydraulic simulations were conducted based on input data of stage hydrograph, flow hydrograph, and
gate opennings in the dry and rainy seasons shown in Figures 4.2, 4.3, and Tables 4.2, and 4.4.

Flow Hydrograph

Stage Hydrograph
Stage Hydrograph

Figure 4. 2 Boundary condition data hydraulic simulation optimization operation and maintenance

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 Water Level
1.5

1
Elevation (m)

0.5

-0.5

-1

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Time (Hours)

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Water Level
1
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Elevation (m)

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Time (Hours)

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Figure 4. 3 Stage hydrograph of hydraulic simulation of operation and maintenance optimization of
Dadahup Swamp Irrigation in (a) dry season and (b) wet season

Table 4. 2 Flow hydrograph of hydraulic simulation of operation and maintenance optimization of

Dadahup Swamp Irrigation (Salmani et al., 2013)

Upstream Flow Barito River (m3/det)

Tahun
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1997 10.1 384.2 530.8 678.8 402.5 142.0 68.7 34.3 17.8 235.5 54.7 299.9
1998 286.6 90.7 73.1 1121.1 1422.9 1207.0 583.6 487.6 343.3 1520.9 603.1 1339.5
1999 740.5 1952.1 2567.3 1747.9 1886.0 1492.5 1115.0 946.8 457.9 467.5 173.8 753.6
2000 1560.3 1462.9 693.2 1393.5 1955.1 1195.4 492.9 221.8 876.6 4106.4 2169.6 2634.8
2001 1931.1 1175.1 1902.3 2321.6 1206.9 681.7 273.0 136.5 127.8 1516.0 887.9 961.6
2002 1379.6 1385.2 2350.0 1585.3 770.3 312.2 156.1 308.3 88.4 44.2 22.1 772.4
2003 818.0 829.3 854.9 1107.0 365.5 166.7 83.3 41.7 100.9 328.3 590.5 953.9
2004 885.9 1019.8 1167.0 1359.8 703.3 261.2 196.2 79.4 39.7 19.8 689.5 1727.2
2005 1066.5 826.3 1249.2 1623.2 1053.3 1021.8 319.9 703.5 452.1 1432.6 1858.8 1231.1
2006 1342.5 1772.4 1517.2 2109.1 1686.1 983.8 361.8 180.9 90.5 45.2 0.0 1199.8
Rata-
Rata 1002.1 1089.8 1290.5 1504.7 1145.2 746.4 365.0 314.1 259.5 971.7 705.0 1187.4
Stage Hydrograph data, namely the tides of the Barito River Mouth and Flow Hydrograph, namely the
upstream river discharge of the Barito River, are taken with two conditions both in the dry and rainy
seasons. Based on observation data with telemteri monitoring tools at Dadahup Swamp Irrigation, it
shows that dry season conditions with no rainfall influence occur in August and rainy season conditions
with rainfall influence occur in September. The hydraulic simulation results of optimization and
maintenance of Dadahup Swamp Irrigation under two conditions are shown in Figures 4.4 and 4.5.
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3.5 Minimum Land Neap Tide Spring Tide pH
Elevation x 2 (m); pH

3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
B4 B3 B2 B1 A5 A1 A4 A2 A3 C4 C2 C3 C1 A6 A7 A8 A9
Tertiary Block

Figure 4. 4 Graph of hydraulic simulation results of water level and pH in tertiary channels in the dry
season
Land Rainfall Maximum
Neap Tide Spring Tide pH
8 0
7 50
100
6
Elevation x 4 (m);pH

150
5 Rainfall (mm)
200
4 250
3 300
350
2
400
1 450
0 500
B4 B3 B2 B1 A5 A1 A4 A2 A3 C4 C2 C3 C1 A6 A7 A8 A9
Tertiary Block

Figure 4. 5 Graph of hydraulic simulation results of water level and pH in tertiary channels in the rainy
season

The hydraulic simulation results of operation and maintenance optimization of Dadahup Swamp
Irrigation Area show that the water table elevation in the dry season is at elevation + 0.6 m to + 0.84
which meets the minimum water table elevation requirement of > 0.6 m in the tertiary channel. In the

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rainy season, the water table elevation in the tertiary canal was at elevation + 1.06 m to + 1.08 m which
meets the requirement of maximum water table elevation < 10 cm above the land surface elevation at +
1.1 m to + 1.4 m. Increasing the pH value from 3 to 5 can be achieved by optimizing operations and
maintenance that maintain the water table elevation in the field during the rainy season. This condition
can be achieved with the role of telemetry monitoring tools in providing information on water quantity
and quality data (Zevri et al., 2022).

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION, SUGGEST, AND REFERENCES

5.1 Conclusion

Optimization of operations and maintenance of irrigation networks during the dry and rainy seasons is
carried out by utilizing the measurement results by telemetry monitoring devices that record tidal water
level data to make corrections to sluice gate operations. The dry season conditions of the gate operation
are closed at an elevation of + 0.5 m and open at an elevation of + 0.6 m to achieve the optimal
requirement that the minimum water level in the secondary channel is at an elevation of 0.6 m below
the land surface. Setting the operation of sluice gates in the rainy season sets the gate operation to a
drainage function with open conditions at elevation + 1.18 m to meet the maximum water level criteria
above 10 cm from the elevation of water demand. Changes in pH value with the optimization of gate
operations and telemetry monitoring tools explain the pH value in the dry season is at level 3 and
increases to level 5 in the rainy season.

5.2 Suggest
Based on the conclusions, some suggestions can be given to support the optimization of operations and
maintenance by installing telemetry monitroring tools in secondary and tertiary channels to observe
water level elevations that are directly integrated with observers and interpreters in regulating sluice
gate operation patterns.

References
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Planning of Swampy Irrigation Area of Dadahup, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 930(1), 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012049
Arif, M. I., Legono, D., Luknanto, D., Wignyosukarto, B., & Marpaung, M. F. (2022). Behavior of Flow
of Channel Network of Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science, 1091(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012035
BPSDM Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat. (2022). Modul Operasi Jaringan Irigasi
Rawa Pasang Surut. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/how-to-get-better-mfi-results
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Development to Support Food Estates Programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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