6.4 Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression An angle of elevation (E) is the angle between a horizontal ray and the line of sight from the observer(O) to an object at a higher level. An angle of depression(D) is the angle between a horizontal ray and the line of sight from the observer(0) to an object at a lower level ° horizontal ray iy 3s & Ni ve a or, Oy ° horizontal ray E = angle of elevation D = angle of depression Examples: 1.A tree 80 feet tall casts a shadow 100 feet long. Find the angle of elevation of the sun. Solution: Let 6 be e” of elevation of the sun. To find 6, use tan 0 = — 05 tan" ze 9 = 38° 39' 3:2. From the top of a lighthouse, 88.5 feet above the level of the water, the angle of depression of a boat is 25° 42’. How far is the boat from a point at water level directly under the point of observation? : Solution: Let x be the distance of the boat from a point at water level directly under the point of observation To find x, use tan 25° 42’ = a xtan25°42' 88.5 tan 25°42' tan 25°42' Xx = 183.89 feet Thus , the distance of the boat from a point at water level directly under the point of observation is approximately 184 feet.6.5 Bearings The bearing of a line is the acute angle it makes with the North- South line. The bearing of Ais N 45° E. The bearing of B is S 30° E. The bearing of C is S 20°15’ W. The bearing of D is N 65°45'28" W. Examples: 1. Two ships A and B leave Pier 2 at the same time. Ship A, heading due North, travels a distance of 225 miles while Ship B, heading due East, travels 350 miles. How far are they at this point in time? What is. the bearing of B from A? What is the bearing of A from B?Solution: Letcbe the distance of the ships A and B and let @ be the bearing of ship B from A. A 225 mi c B 350 mi To find c, use Pythagorean theorem C? =a? +b? c= 2257 +350" c=25V277miles Hence, the two ships are approximately 416 miles apart. 350 To find angle 8, use tan 6 = 305" 350 =tan-1 (2) = 57°15°53" @=tan (395) 57°15'53' Hence, the bearing of B fi A is S §7°15'53"E while the bearing2. A Roro boat leaves the port of Batangas at 1P.M. and sails in the direction N 34° W at the rate of 24 mi/hr. Another boat leaves port at 1:30 P.M. and sails in the direction S 56° W at the rate of 18 mi/hr Approximate how far are the ships at 3 P.M.? Solution: N Let d be the distance of the two Roro boats at 3 P.M. At the end of 2 hours, the first boat travels a distance equal to 48miles. That is, 24mi/hr ( 2hrs ) = 48 miles At the end of 1.5 hours, the second boat travels a distance equal to 27miles. Thatis, 18mi/hr (1.5hrs ) = 27 miles. To find d, use Pythagorean theorem, d= 48? +.27? = 3/337 ~ 55miles Thus, the two boats are approximately 55 miles apart at 3 P.M. PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY. 168