Science notes:

Force:
1) Moon g/1.62 = w=mg
2) Mars 3.73m/s2 = 5.1  1.62
3) Jupiter 25.94 m/s2 w=mg
4) Asteroids 0.26m/s2

Who are we:

mutation is a mistake or a change in a living thing's DNA. DNA
acid is a chain of chemical units found in each cell of a living
thing. The chemical units are arranged in a particular
sequence, or order. This sequence forms a kind of code,
called a genetic code, that tells cells what to do.

Spontaneous breakdown of DNA can also cause mutations.

External influences can cause mutations. Mutations can also
be caused by exposure to specific chemicals or radiation that
cause the DNA to break down. Cells do have mechanisms to
repair damaged or altered DNA molecules, but they aren't
perfect.

A genetic disorder happens when a gene (or genes) has a

problem with its code, and this causes a health problem.
Sometimes a genetic disorder happens when a child inherits
it from one or both parents. Other times, it happens only in
the child (and the parents do not have the genetic disorder).

The Periodic Table:

The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements
organized by atomic number, from the element with the
lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the
highest atomic number, oganesson. The atomic number of an
element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
of that element.

atomic mass, the quantity of matter contained in an atom of

an element. The observed atomic mass is slightly less than
the sum of the mass of the protons, neutrons, and electrons
that make up the atom.

The periodic table is organized into groups (vertical columns),

periods (horizontal rows), and families (groups of elements
that are similar). Elements in the same group have the same
number of valence electrons. Meanwhile, elements in the
same period have the same number of occupied electron
shells.
Metals are elements that lose electrons easily, are lustrous,
malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals generally have high melting points and are solid at
room temperature. Metals bond by sharing electrons in what
is known as metallic bonding. The metals are to the left of
the line (except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal), the
nonmetals are to the right of the line, and the elements
immediately adjacent to the line are the metalloids. When
elements combine to form compounds, there are two major
types of bonding that can result.

Metalloids can be defined as chemical elements whose

physical and chemical properties fall in between the metal
and non-metal categories. nonmetals are (usually) poor
conductors of heat and electricity, and are not malleable or
ductile; many of the elemental nonmetals are gases at room
temperature, while others are liquids and others are solids.
The metalloids are intermediate in their properties.

a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in
water.

The transition metals are located towards the middle of the

periodic table between the highly reactive metals and the
noble gases. Specifically, groups 3-12 are known as transition
metals. These groups are in the D block of the periodic table.

The word halogen means 'salt forming' compounds. Halogen

is derived from the Greek word “Halo” which means salts and
“gen” which means formation. The halogen elements are
the six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. Group 17
occupies the second column from the right in the periodic
table and contains fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),
iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).

noble gas, any of the seven chemical elements that make up

Group 18 (VIIIa) of the periodic table. The elements
are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon
(Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og). They are called "noble"
gases, because they rarely bond with lesser elements,

Kinematics and Energy:

Force is a push or a pull that changes uniform motion of an
objects the direction or shape of an object. It causes objects
to accelerate. SI unit is Newton.
a filled cart has greater mass, pushing or pulling an empty
cart is easier than pushing or dragging a loaded cart. When
the same amount of force is applied to drive a car and a bike,
the bike will accelerate faster since it has less mass.

forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction.

Balanced forces do not result in any change in motion.
unbalanced. forces: forces applied to an object in opposite
directions that are not equal in size. Unbalanced forces result
in a change in motion.

It is the force that causes objects to drop and water to run

downhill. It is also the force that holds Earth, the Sun, and
the stars together and keeps planets, moons, and artificial
satellites in their respective orbits. Gravity is a force that
objects exert on each other because of their respective
masses.

Friction is the force that opposes the motion of a solid object

over another. There are mainly four types of friction: static
friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction.

Friction is a resistive force, which comes into play when there

is a relative motion between two bodies in contact. The
frictional force between two bodies depends mainly on three
factors: (I) the adhesion between body surfaces (ii) roughness
of the surface (iii) deformation of bodies.

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion of two

surfaces in contact. Friction is essential to our everyday lives.
It allows us to walk, drive, and perform many other tasks.
There are several everyday examples of frictional force
like Rubbing Hands Together and Rolling a Wheel.

Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest
or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to
change its state by the action of an external force.

In the newton’s second law, the force on an object is equal to

its mass times its acceleration.

In the newton’s third law, when two objects interact, they

apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite
direction.
A tendency not to move or change is called inertia.