W[ON@KJ[@YJ[LJ

W[ON@KJ[@YJ[LJ IO W[@AY
W[@AYLA@
LA@ IO LIOBY
LIOBYLHLA@AL
LHLA@ALJB
JB IO AJAJ
AJAJQ
Q D[@F
WJQLYLXJQ

0. Lbvost
Lbvo stld
ld`r
`r oonn hubi
hubi`f
`fob
obtj
tj i
ioo a`i`
a`i` ubj
ubj i
ioo nj
njss fo
foil
iljs
js i
ioo au
aunt
ntlv
lvjj io
iosa
sarl
rltj
tjss ob
n` pràatla`.
@D@[ Q@BD[O5 n` lbhuslñb io fusaunj io ajr`zñb y n` poptjb`, jtjrd`b `n foilj
ub v`n
`nj
jr butr
trlltl
tlv
vj, quo
quo por
porflt
flto on aroa
aroalf
lfllobtj
obtj io ub`
ub` dr`b
r`b v`rlo
`rloi
i`i io
flarjjrd`b
flarj jrd`blsfj
lsfjs,
s, `ub io `quonnjs
`quonnjs butrlaljb
butrlaljb`nfob
`nfobto
to oxldobto
oxldobtos.
s. On anjrurj
anjrurj io sjilj
sjilj
f`btlobo on k`n`bao jsfñtlaj y `d`r os on `dobto sjnlilhla`sto.
On `drod`
`drod`ij
ij io ?-0
?-07%
7% s`bdr
s`bdroo kjvlb`
kjvlb` ios
iostlb
tlb`i`
`i` ostìrl
ostìrlnn prjfuo
prjfuovo
vo on ios`rr
ios`rrjn
jnnj
nj io
k`atorl`s oxldobtos ob sus roquorlflobtjs butrlaljb`nos y n` `ioau`i` jksorv`alñb io
n`s ro`aaljbos io cofñnlsls.

@D@[ K@L[I-W@[MO[5 Foilj `nt`fobto butrltlvj, ob on au`n n` poptjb` io a`soæb`

y on oxtr`atj io a`rbo ajbstltuyob n` huobto io a`rkjbj y bltrñdobj, on oxtr`atj io
nov`iur` `pjrt` vlt`flb`s io ost`hlnjajajs. On `d`r os on `dobto sjnlilhla`sto. Worflto on
aroalflobtj sonoatlvj io ost`hlnjajajs y` quo on tonurltj io pjt`slj y on anjrurj io nltlj
lbclkob on ios`rrjnnj io n` hnjr` `ajfp`ð`bto prosobto ob n` fuostr`. N` yof` io cuovj
porflto iofjstr`r n` `atlvli`i
`atlvli`i noaltlbàsla` io nj
njss flarjjrd`blsfjs.
Njs ost`hlnjajajs aj`dun`s` pjsltlv` roiuaob o tonurltj ` tonurj y jrldlb`b ajnjbl`s io
ajnjr drlsàaoj-bodrj, y tlobob `atlvli`i noaltlbàsla`, pjr osj `atõ`b sjkro n` yof` io
cuovj prjiualobij ub c`nj an`rj `nroioijr io n` ajnjbl`.

@D@[
@D@[ Q@
Q@N@
N@IJ
IJ F@
F@BL
BLYJ
YJN5
N5 On `d
`d`r
`r f`bl
f`bltj
tjnn os so
sono
noat
atlv
lvj
j dr`a
dr`al`
l`ss ` n` `n
`nt`
t`
ajbaobtr`alñb io s`n quo pjsoo. N` s`nlbli`i `atõ` ajfj sust`bal` lbclkltjrl` y ovlt` on
aroalflobtj io k`atorl`s Dr`f bod`tlv`s.
Y`fklìb os ilhorobal`n ioklij ` n` prosobal` ion a`rkjclir`tj f`bltjn y `n lbila`ijr io
pC rjej io hobjn. @ p`rtlr io osto, n`s k`atorl`s a`p`aos io horfobt`r on f`bltjn
prjiuaob àalijs, `alilhla`bij on foilj, tjrbàbijso n`s ajnjbl`s y on foilj io ajnjr
`f`rlnnj.

Wjr jtr` p`rto, n`s ajnjbl`s quo bj horfobt`b on f`bltjn aroaob ob on foilj tjf`bij njs
butrlobtos quo nos prjpjraljb` njs oxtr`atjs y poptjb`s io a`rbo y n` trlptoæb`. Io `nnæ
n`s k`atorl`s oxtr`ob on a`rkjbj, on bltrñdobj, n`s vlt`flb`s y njs flbor`nos boaos`rljs
p`r` su aroalflobtj. N`s ajnjbl`s ob osto a`sj puoiob sor rjs`i`s iìkln j huortos, y on
foilj so quoi` ion flsfj ajnjr j a`fkl` ` huasl`.

@D@[ F_ONNO[ CLBYJB5 Os ub foilj io auntlvj quo tlobo ajfj usj prlbalp`n,
c`aor njs obs`yjs io sobslklnli`i y susaoptlklnli`i io njs flarjjrd`blsfjs hrobto ` njs
`btlklñtlajs. Qo us` p`r` n` pruok` io sobslklnli`i ` njs `btlflarjkl`bjs. Qlb ofk`rdj,
t`fklìb so us` p`r` `lsn`r y f`btobor ospoalos io Bolssorl` y Fjr`xonn`.
Os ub foilj io auntlvj bj sonoatlvj y bj ilhorobal`n, nj au`n sldblhla` quo pràatla`fobto
tjijs njs flarjjrd`blsfjs quo so auntlv`b `cæ, aroaoràb oxltjs`fobto ioklij ` su
suporhlalo.

; Lb
Lbvo
vostl
stld`r
d`r on hub
hubi`
i`fo
fobtj
btj io a`
a`i`
i` ub`
ub` i
ioo nn`s
`s pruok
pruok`s
`s io liob
liobtl
tlhl
hla`
a`al
alñb
ñb ios
iosarl
arlt`s
t`s
ob n` duæ`.
W[_OK
W[_OK@
@ IO DN_
DN_AJQ
AJQ@
@ JH(
JH(JSL
JSLI@
I@ALÑ
ALÑB-H
B-HO[F
O[FOBY
OBY@AL
@ALÑB)
ÑB)55 On fot`kjnls
fot`kjnlsfj
fj
iodnõalij puoio sodulr n` væ` jxli`tlv` j horfobt`tlv`. Ob væ` jxli`tlv` on `aoptjr hlb`n io
onoatrjbos ioko sor on jxædobj y pjr ajbsldulobto on prjaosj os `orjklj y prjiuao pja`
`alioz, flobtr`s quo ob væ` horfobt`tlv` on `aoptjr hlb`n io onoatrjbos os ub ajfpuostj
jrdàblaj y on prjaosj os `b`orjklj, jrldlb`bij fuac` `alioz ob pjaj tlofpj.

N` horfobt`alñb u jxli`alñb ion dnõalij so puoio vor ob ijs tukjs ajb foilj io auntlvj
dnuajs`ij, ubj `klortj (`orjklj) y jtrj aorr`ij ajb p`r`hlb` (`b`orjklj). _tlnlz`fjs p`r`
ost` pruok` on foilj soflsñnlij io Cudc-Nolhsjb `n quo so no `ð`io dnuajs` p`r` jksorv`r
sl on fot`kjnlsfj io osto `zõa`r os nnov`ij ` a`kj pjr væ` jxli`tlv` j horfobt`tlv`.

[OQLQYOBAL@ @ N@ BJXJKLJALB@ 5 X`rl`s ospoalos ion Dìborj Qt`pcynjajaaus

sj
sjb
b rosl
roslst
stobt
obtos
os ` n` bjvjk
bjvjklj
ljal
alb`
b` (ils
(ilsaj
aj io ? ¿d).
¿d). _b c`nj
c`nj io lb
lbcl
clkl
klal
alñb
ñb io
aroalflobtj fobjr j ldu`n ` 08ff ajrrospjbio ` Q.s`prjpcytlaus. _b c`nj io
lbclklalñb f`yjr io 08ff ajrrospjbio ` jtrjs ost`hlnjajajs aj`dun`s` bod`tlvjs.

W[_OK@ IO AJ@D_N@Q@ OB @DN_YLB@ALÑB5 N` obzlf` aj`dun`s` ioko su

bjfkro ` n` `aalñb quo prjiuao. Ost` tlobo n` a`p`ali`i io tr`bshjrf`r on hlkrlbñdobj ob
hlkrlb`, aro`bij ub ajàdunj ovliobto au`bij so c`nn` ob on pn`sf`, os ioalr, ost` obzlf`
slfun` n` `atlvli`i io n` trjfklb` io n` a`sa`i` io n` aj`dun`alñb. N` ilhorobal` ajb n`
a`sa`i` io n` aj`dun`alñb bjrf`n r`ila` ob quo ost` ro`aalñb bj boaoslt` n` prosobal` io
a`nalj y bj os `hoat`i` pjr n` cop`rlb`.

W[_OK
W[_OK@
@ IO Q_Q
Q_QAOW
AOWYLK
YLKLNL
LNLI@I
I@I @ N@ K@A
K@ALY[
LY[@A
@ALB@
LB@5 n` k`
k`al
altr
tr`a
`alb
lb`` os ub
`btlklñtlaj quo lbclko n` sæbtosls io p`roi aonun`r k`atorl`b`, y ` n` ajbaobtr`alñb quo so
obauobtr` ob njs ilsajs. Lbclko on aroalflobtj io njs ostroptjajajs kot` cofjnætlajs ion
drupj @ io N`baohloni porj bj lbclko on ios`rrjnnj io jtrjs ostroptjajajs kot` cofjnætlajs.
Njs flarjajajs y njs ostjf`tjajaaus t`fklìb sjb lbclklijs pjr n` k`altr`alb`, flobtr`s
quo njs ost`hl
ost`hlnja
njajaj
jajss aj`du
aj`dun`s
n`s`` bod`tl
bod`tlv`
v` sjb roslst
roslstob
obtos
tos.. _b rosunt
rosunt`ij
`ij sob
sobslk
slkno
no ` n`
k`altr`alb` os prosubtlvj io n` prosobal` io ostroptjajaj drupj @, y so puoio lbarofobt`r
`iofàs on v`njr il`dbñstlaj y h`alnlt`r n` liobtlhla`alñb io n` aop` k`atorl`b` ob auostlñb
foil`bto n` utlnlz`alñb io njs ilsajs io W\[@-@-Obtorjajajs.

W[_OK@ IO [OQLQYOBAL@ @N Y[LFOYJW[LF-Q_NH@

Y[LFOYJW[LF-Q_NH@FOYJS@UJN
FOYJS@UJN (QSY)5
N`s zjb`s ajb trlfotjprlf`-sunh`fotcjx`zjno (y t`fklìb sunhjb`fli`s, y trlfotjprlf`

sjnj) pjiræ`b
k`atorl`s c`st`sor ilhæalnos
quo io noor c`y`b
n`s k`atorl`s pjrquop`s`ij
osto `dobto pjiræ`dobor`aljbos
pjr v`rl`s bj lbclklr on io
aroalflobtj io n`s
aroalflobtj. Qo
pjiræ` jksorv`r ub nldorj aroalflobtj jp`aj iobtrj io n` zjb`. Fli` n` zjb` ob on pubtj ob
quo c`y` ub` roiuaalñb ion 37% ob on aroalflobtj.

W[_OK@ IO A@FW5 Njs ostroptjajajs drupj K soarot`b on h`atjr A@FW, ub` prjtoæb`
torfjost`kno y ilhuslkno, quo lbtor`atõ` ajb n` Ú-cofjnlslb` soarot`i` pjr ub` aop` Q.
`urous. Q. @urous prjiuao oshlbdjflonlb`s` A (so ubo ` n` fofkr`b` io njs orltrjaltjs) quo
`n ublrso ` on h`atjr io A@FW prjvja` ub slbordlsfj io n` cofñnlsls.

W[_OK@ IO KLNLQ-OQA_NLB@5 foilj io auntlvj butrltlvj pjr n` prosobal` io oxtr`atj

io a`rfo y poptjb` io a`rbo quo `pjrt`b butrlobtos p`r` on ios`rrjnnj flarjkl`bj. Njs
ostroptjajajs ion drupj I aroaob ràpli`fobto ob on `d`r klnls osaunlb` o clirjnlz`b n`
osaunlb`, quo ob prosobal` io ljbos clorrj hjrf`b ub ajfpuostj io ajnjr vorio jnlv` c`st`

bodrj. N` klnls io kuoy lbclko on ios`rrjnnj io n` hnjr` `ajfp`ð`bto.

 W[_OK@ IO YJNO[@BAL@ @ B`An 8.?%5 Qo k`s` ob n` a`p`ali`i io n` k`atorl` io
ios`rrjnn
ios`rrjnn`rs
`rsoo ob pro
prosob
sobal`
al` io a`b
a`btli
tli`io
`ioss v`r
v`rl`i
l`i`s
`s io anj
anjrur
rurj
j io sji
sjilj
lj (B`An)
(B`An).. Os ub`
prjploi`i quo c` slij utlnlz`i` p`r` a`r`atorlz`r v`rljs dìborjs y ospoalos k`atorl`b`s,
lbanuyobij njs Qtroptjajaaus ion drupj vlrli`bs. Ob osto a`sj so utlnlz` n` ajbaobtr`alñb io
Anjrurj io Qjilj `n 8,?%.

W[_OK
W[_OK@
@ IO N@ JWY
JWYJP_
JP_LB@
LB@55 Q. pboufjbl`o y Qtroptjajaaus drupj vlrli`bs sjb
ajajs Dr`f pjsltlvj quo prosobt`b ajnjbl`s `nh` cofjnætla`s au`bij aroaob ob foiljs
sñnlijs supnofobt`ijs ajb ?-07% io s`bdro io a`rborj.
Qo puoio ilhorobal`r foil`bto n` ro`nlz`alñb io pruok`s kljquæfla`s ajfj sor n` pruok` io
sobslklnli`i
sobslklnli`i ` n` jptjqulb` y n` pruok` io sjnuklnli`i ob klnls.
N` jptjqu
jptjqulb`
lb` lbc
lbclko
lko on ios
ios`rr
`rrjnn
jnnj
j io Qtr
Qtropt
optjaj
jajaau
aauss pboufj
pboufjbl`
bl`oo flobt
flobtr`s
r`s quo jtrj
jtrj
ostroptjajaj bj sjb lbclklijs j prosobt`b ub` zjb` poquoð` io lbclklalñb `nroioijr ion
ilsaj.

;. On`k
On`kjr
jr`r
`r ub oosq
squo
uof`
f` io llio
iobt
btlh
lhla
la`a
`alñ
lñb
b p`r`
p`r` n`
n`ss osp
ospoa
oalo
loss an
anæb
æbla
la`f
`fob
obto
to fà
fàss
lfpjrt`btos io njs dìborjs Qt`pcynjajaaus, Qtroptjajaaus y Obtorjajaaus.
Ob on osquof` so ioko lbanulr ajnjr`alñb io Dr`f, pruok` io a`t`n`s`, tlpj
io cofjnlsls y tji`s n`s pruok`s utlnlz`i`s ob on n`kjr`tjrlj.
9. Lb
Lbvo
vostl
stld`r
d`r au`
au`no
noss ostr
ostropt
optjaj
jajaj
ajss y ost`
ost`hl
hlnj
njaj
ajaj
ajss sj
sjb
b ajbsl
ajbslior
ior`i
`ijs
js hhnj
njr`
r` b
bjr
jrf`
f`nn y
ob quì nud`ros ion auorpj so obauobtr`b.
OQY@HLNJAJAJQ.
Qt`pcynjajaaus `urous (b`sjh`rlbdo y zjb`s cõfoi`s ajfj pnloduos lbdulb`nos y
`xln`s)
Qt`pcynjajaaus a`pltls (dnàbiun`s sokàao`s ajfj n` hrobto)
Qt`pc
Qt`pcyn
ynjaj
jajaa
aaus
us c`
c`of
ofjn
jnyt
ytla
laus
us y Qt`p
Qt`pcy
cynj
njaj
ajaa
aaus
us cj
cjfæ
fæbl
blss (z
(zjb`
jb`ss ij
ijt`
t`i`
i`ss io
dnàbiun`s `pjarlb`s ajfj n`s `xln`s)
Qt`pcyn
Qt`pcynjaja
jajaaus
aus oplior
opliorfls
fls (supor
(suporhl
hlalo
alo ajrpjr
ajrpjr`n
`n ijbio
ijbio sjkrov
sjkrovlvo
lvo dr`al`
dr`al`ss ` sus
nlp`s`s)

OQY[OWYJAJAJQ.
Qtroptjajaaus ion drupj K - Obtorjajajs (hnjr` bjrf`n io njs lbtostlbjs)
Qtroptjajaaus vlrli`bs y pydjbo (jrjh`rlbdo)
Qtroptjajaaus `orjkljs y `b`orjkljs (`p`r`tj dobltjurlb`rlj)
Qtroptjajaaus fut`bs y Qtroptjajaaus s`bduls (pn`a` iobt`rl`).
Qtroptjajaaus fltls (ilobtos ajfj ` n`s fuajs`s)
Q. s`nlv`rlus (fuajs` nlbdu`n.)

?. Lbvo
Lbvost
stlld`
d`rr n`
n`ss p`tj
p`tjnnjd
jdæ`
æ`ss fàs
fàs lf
lfpj
pjrt
rt`b
`bto
toss prji
prjiua
ualli`
i`ss pj
pjrr ostr
ostrop
optj
tjaj
ajaj
ajss y
ost`hlnjajajs. Lbila` n`s ospoalos lbvjnuar`i`s ob a`i` a`sj.

Qt`pcynjajaaus `urous5 a`rkuajs, hjnnlaunltls, hjrõbaunjs, lbtjxla`alñb `nlfobt`rl`,

sæbirjfo ion scjam tñxlaj,
sæbirjfo tñxlaj, `rtlrltl
`rtlrltlss sìptla`,
sìptla`, k`atorlofl`
k`atorlofl`,, opliofl`,
opliofl`, obija`riltl
obija`riltls,
s,
jstojflonltls, boufjbæ`.
Qt`pcynjajaaus c`ofjnytlaus y Qt`pcynjajaaus cjfæbls5 k`atorlofl`, opliofl`,
corli`s, lbhoaaljbos ñso`s y `rtlaun`ros o lbhoaaljbos ion tr`atj urlb`rlj.
Qt`pcynjajaaus opliorfls5 k`atorlofl`, opliofl`, corli`s qulrõrdla`s, lbhoaaljbos
ion tr`atj urlb`rlj y io njs a`tìtoros, `b`stjfjsls, prñtosls y ilspjsltlvjs io ilànlsls
porltjbo`n.

Qtroptjajaa
Qtroptjajaaus
us ion drupj
drupj K5 obhorfo
obhorfoi`i
i`i bojb
bojb`t`n
`t`n (bo
(boufjb
ufjbæ`,
æ`, foblbd
foblbdltl
ltlss y
soptlaofl`, k`atorlofl` ajb foblbdltls)

Qtroptjajaaus vlrli`bs y pydjbo5 h`rlb h`rlbdltl

dltls,
s, osa`rn`tl
osa`rn`tlb`,
b`, pljiorf`,
pljiorf`, orlslpon`
orlslpon`,,
aonunltls, h`saltls boarjs`bto.
Qtroptjajaaus `d`n`atl`o5 ajbeubtlvltls, jtltls, porla`riltls, jstojflonltls
Qtroptjajaaus pboufjbl`o5 boufjbboufjbæ`,
æ`, slbusltls
slbusltls,, krjqultls,
krjqultls, jtltls,
jtltls, k`atorlofl`
k`atorlofl`,,
foblbdltls.