BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Course No: EEE 306

Course Title: Power System I Laboratory
Experiment No: 05
Experiment Name:
Study of BUET Power Plant and Sub-stations

Submitted by:
Sayba Kamal Orni
Student ID: 2006009
Section: A1
Level: 3 Term: 1
Date of submission: 4/2/2024

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Table of Contents
Objectives....................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
Visit description:..........................................................................................................................4
Schematic Diagram of BUET Power Plant:................................................................................4
Generation unit:...........................................................................................................................5
Gas Generator:.............................................................................................................................6
Generator Room:.....................................................................................................................6
Gas Supply System:.....................................................................................................................9
Cooling System:.........................................................................................................................12
Cooling tower:...........................................................................................................................14
DC Battery:................................................................................................................................15
Lubrication system:...................................................................................................................15
Diesel Generator:.......................................................................................................................16
Specification of the synchronous Diesel generator:..................................................................18
Cooling system of diesel generator:..........................................................................................18
Control unit:...............................................................................................................................20
Feeder switchgear:.....................................................................................................................25
ECE substation:.........................................................................................................................26
Complete Single Line Diagram of Buet Power System:...........................................................33
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................34

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Study of BUET Power Plant and Sub-stations

Objectives

1. To become familiar with 11 kV substations and a realistic small power plant.

2. To study BUET's four substations.
3. To understand different auxiliary systems and safety mechanisms.

Introduction

BUET can fulfill its electrical energy requirement with a 5.8 MW power plant, its
own distribution network, and sub-stations. Located on the BUET West Palashi
campus, the power plant primarily uses natural gas from TITAS gas distribution
and diesel as its energy sources.
It is comprised of four power producing units. Two megawatts is the capacity of
each of the two gas generating units. A single gas generator may produce one
megawatt. Additionally, an 800 kW diesel engine is ready for use in an emergency
need.
Through 400V subterranean connections, the power plant provides energy to four
sub-stations. The sub-stations supply all of the electrical energy needed to run
Palashi Bazar, residential halls, residential quarters, and the main BUET campus.
Currently, throughout the summer, the BUET campus has a peak demand of about
2.5 MW. From early in the morning till midnight, the power plant provides
electrical energy. The Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDCL)
provides electricity from midnight until early morning.
Each substation has an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) that performs the
automatic conversion between the power plant and DPDCL. When BUET's
electrical demand surpasses the power plant's capacity, the power system draws
energy from DPDCL to satisfy the demand without causing a disruption in the flow
of electricity.

Visit description:
There are two segments to our tour:

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 A. the power plant visit
B. the sub-stations visit.

Schematic Diagram of BUET Power Plant:

The picture displays the power generation and distribution network flow chart for
the BUET power plant. Four generators make up the BUET power plant; three run
on natural gas and the fourth on diesel. The 400V line voltage is what the
generators are intended to provide. Since the load end voltage on our campus is
400V as well, transformers are not required.

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Moreover, BUET has made agreements to use DPDC lines for power. The DPDC
supply has a voltage of 11KV. So, in order to reduce the voltage from 11 KV to
400 V, a step-down transformer is required. These transformers, which adjust the
voltage level as necessary, are found at substations.
Power for BUET is supplied by two underground 11KV lines that come from
DPDC and start at two separate locations. There are two connections: one from the
Dhanmondi Substation (DPDC) to the BUET Main Substation via Dhaka
University, and two from the Azimpur Substation (DPDC) to the Dr. M. A. Rashid
Hall Substation. Using an RMU, DPDC delivers these two supplies to three of the
four substations (Ring Main Unit).
An auto transfer switch (ATS) is necessary for coordination between our power
plant and the DPDC as they are two different power sources. The two inputs that
go into the ATS are provided by the DPDC and the common bus that connects the
generators of the power plant. An outgoing power supply under DPDC supervision
is the output.

Generation unit:
At present, the BUET powerplant is comprised of four synchronous generators:
• Caterpillar G-3516 ; Fuel:Natural gas
• Caterpillar G-3520 ; Fuel:Natural gas
• Caterpillar G-3520C ; Fuel:Natural gas
• Mitsubishi MGS1000B ; Fuel:Diesel
The generators that run on natural gas are utilized to produce electricity under
normal circumstances. When in operation, all of the generators provide 400V of
electricity to a common bus system.
The three gas generators of the BUET power plant are housed in one building
while the diesel generator is housed in a different structure.
The following components make up the main part of the generating unit: the
generator (gas), the diesel generator (diesel), the radiator, and the generation unit
protection measures.

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Gas Generator:
Generator Room:

On the ground floor of the building is a large room containing gas generators. Five
megawatts of electricity can be produced by these generators when used in tandem.
This location also has a large number of safety and supporting components that are
necessary for the generators to operate smoothly and safely.

Figure : Generator Room

Specification of Gas Generators:
There are three generators present in this room which use Natural Gas as fuel.
They are –

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1. Caterpillar G-3516: Installation-2003, Capacity-1030 KW, Fuel-Natural gas
2. Caterpillar G-3520: Installation-2008, Capacity-1950 KW, Fuel-Natural gas
3. Caterpillar G-3520C: Installation-2017, Capacity-1972 KW, Fuel-Natural gas

Generator ratings:
Generators Caterpillar G-3516 Caterpillar G- Caterpillar G-
(1MW) 3520 (2MW) 3520C (2MW)
Rated Apparent 1288 2437 2465
Power(kVA)
Rated real 1030 1950 1972
power(W)
Rated 400 400 400
Voltage(V)
Power Factor 0.8 0.8 0.8
Phase 3 3 3
Rated 50 50 50
Frequency(HZ)
Rated 1859 3517 3558
current(A)
Connection WYE WYE WYE
Configuration Series Series Series
Insulation class F H H
Rotation RPM 1500 1500 1500

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 Figure: Generator Ratings

Alternator:
The first generator that can be seen as we entered in the power plant is the 1 MW
generator, then the two 2 MW generators. These synchronous generators have a 4-
pole construction and generate power at a frequency of 50 Hz. The generator is
running at 1500 rpm as a result.

Engine:
Internal combustion (IC) engines are the prime mover employed in the generators.
With 16 cylinders total—eight on each side—the V-16 type engine powers the 1
MW generator. The V-20 type engines in the 2 MW generators, on the other hand,
have a total of 20 cylinders—10 on each side.

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Figure: Generator Engine

Turbocharger:
The turbocharger is one of the most crucial accessories. It boosts efficiency, just
like an economizer. Air and fuel are the two inputs of the turbocharger, which
maintains an 11:1 mixing ratio and a minimum pressure of 2 psi (6 psi ideal). Its
impeller design eliminates the need for additional sucking energy, increasing
efficiency.
Gas Supply System:

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It consists of mainly 3 parts,
 Inlet Gas lines:

 Natural gas is used as fuel for the engines which is supplied by thick
pipes through a gas header. Our gas provider is TGTDCL (Titas Gas
Transmission and Distribution Company Limited). In each generator,
through 2 thin yellow pipes natural gas enters the cylinders of the IC
engine. Gas pipe for the 2MW generator is wider than that of the
1MW generator.

Figure: Gas Inlet

 Gas filters:

 The air filter purifies the inlet gas.

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 Figure: Gas Filters

 Exhaust port:
 The exhaust port releases the exhaust gas in the atmosphere after each
power stroke. Filters are used in the exhaust port too. The pressure of
the supplied gas is reduced in 3 steps before being supplied to the
engines.

Figure: Gas Exhaust

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Cooling System:

There are 3 cooling mechanisms available.

 Water Cooling System (Engine Cooling):
 For engine cooling, water is transported from a cooling tower on the
roof to the engine components via a blue pipe. This cool water
absorbs the heat generated by the engine and is carried back to the
cooling tower via a red pipe.

Figure: Blue pipe carrying cool water

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 Aftercooler:
 When compressed air is released from the compressor, an aftercooler
—a heat exchanger—is utilized in turbocharged engines to quickly
return it to ambient temperature. This procedure uses an aftercooling
system that is cooled by water. Hot water returns to the cooling tower
through a thin red pipe, while cool water enters the tower through a
thin green pipe for aftercooling. Compared to the main water cooler
pipes, these pipes are thinner.

Figure: Aftercooler pipe for engine compression

 Air Cooling System (Generator Cooling):

 To remove the heat produced by the generator's windage loss, friction,
and copper loss, air is utilized for generator cooling. A fan is used to
cool the air in 1MW generators, whereas a blower is used in 2MW
generators to pull in cool outside air and expel hot air outdoors
through a red or silver pipe. For the generators and engines to run at
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 their peak efficiency and prevent damage from overheating, the
cooling system is a crucial part of the power plant.

Figure: Blower for generator cooling

Cooling tower:
In the rooftop the cooling towers for the gas generators are located. After absorbing heat from
the IC engines, the water is then taken to the cooling tower. There are 3 cooling towers on the
rooftop. The blue pipe takes cool water down towards the engines. There are fans in the cooling
tower that help to remove heat from the hot water.

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 Figure: Fans in the cooling tower

DC Battery:

IC engines are started by DC batteries. Two 12V DC batteries are needed for the
1MW generator. Utilizing four 12V batteries connected in series-parallel, the
2MW generator generates 24V of output. After starting, these batteries are
automatically charged. To start and run the engine, they also have high torque
motors.

Figure: DC batteries for generator starting - 4x12V batteries in series-parallel

combination, output 24V

Lubrication system:
‘Mobil Pegasus 1005’ is used as lubricating oil for the generators. This oil is
supplied by a yellow pipe to the generators after filtration. It works as lubrication ,
cooling agent and cleaning agent for the generators.

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 Figure: Oil
Filter

Diesel Generator:
Diesel generator has been introduced in power plant for working as a back-up of
the gas generators. Furthermore, diesel generators are more efficient and powerful
than gas generators and it’s easier to start. In the BUET power plant, there is a
diesel generator having power of 800kW manufactured by MitsubishiCanopy
Diesel Generators.

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Figure:Mitsubishi MGS1000B Diesel generator

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Specification of the synchronous Diesel generator:

Engine Model Mitsubishi

MGS1000B

Installation Time 2003

Fuel Diesel

kVA Rating 1000

kW Rating 800

PF 0.8

Frequency (Hz) 50

Voltage 400
(V)
Current 1443
(A)
Speed 1500
(rpm)
Number of Cylinder in IC 12
Engine
Insulation Class H

Cooling system of diesel generator:

The diesel engine is air cooled as the engine has a low power rating it can run
without having a water cooled system. Natural air is used as cooling air which is
passed through ventilation system inside the room and the hot gas exits the room
through the duct after cooling process, which is attached with the backside of the
generator cooling fan.

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 Figure: Natural air ventilators in diesel engine room

Cylinders:
V-12 type cylinder is inside the generator. These are 4-stroke engines . Injectors
are used inside the generator which sprays the fuel inside it.

Figure: V-12 type cylinder inside diesel engine

A starting motor is used having low power which is run by 24V DC battery .There
is total 48V which is connected in series and parallel according to the DC power
need to start the motor.
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 Figure: Rating of the Mitsubishi canopy diesel generator
A breaker is outside the generator room which is connected with the common bus.
There is an exhaust pipe attached with generator to pass the exhaust gas.

Control unit:
To manage the generators' production, cooling, and distribution processes, a
control panel room is located directly next to the generator room. There is one
controlling unit for each generator, making a total of three. The 2MW generators'
control panels have the same design. The 1 MW generator's one is a little bit older.
It tracks the actions using analog gauges instead of a digital display. This area also
contains the common bus that connects the three gas generator outputs. Every
control panel has two sections: one for cooling controls and the other for
monitoring the generator's parameters. An interface for the user is provided by a
display situated above the panel, which presents various parameters.

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Figure: Control Panel Display

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Figure: Cylinder temperature monitoring from control pane;

The gauges on the control panels are used to monitor several actions of the three
generators such as:
1. Bus voltage
2. Generator Voltage
3. Bus frequency
4. Generator frequency
5. Current
6. Amount of Power supply
7. PF of the generator, and

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8. A synchronizing gauge to connect with the bus properly.

Figure: Control Panel 2

Figure: Control Panel 3

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Figure: Generator control panel and feeder switchgear
On the other hand, the ‘cooling control’ maintains the flow of cooling water, speed
of radiator fans and various functions of the radiator situated on the rooftop. The
control of the cooling system is usually automatic, but it can also be controlled
manually when necessary.

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Figure: Radiator control panel
The 3 phase outputs, along with a neutral line, from each of the three generators
connect to a common bus. The connector has 4 horizontal busbars (three phases
and one neutral) and the outputs connect to this bar through individual circuit
breakers. This bus is then connected to every substation ATSs through lines.

Figure: Main Busbar where 3 generators are paralleled

Feeder switchgear:
There are 9 ATS units in the four substations. Each unit controls whether the
corresponding power is supplied from the BUET power plant or from the DPDC
power supply. Each ATS unit is connected to the main bus through switchgear and
underground cables. There is a total of 9 switches. In each of them, the voltage and
current consumption of each power section can be observed. If a switch is
disconnected from the common bus, the corresponding ATS unit automatically
reconnects it to the DPDC power line.
Switchgears & corresponding substations:

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Control system for diesel generator:
Control panel is inside the generator, there is no separate control unit like gas
generators.From this panel, generator is run, voltage and speed controlling is done.
There is an emergency switch to stop the generator while emergency occurs.

Figure: Control panel of Diesel engine

ECE substation:
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,
and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the
reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. BUET power system
has 4 substations: a) ECE powerplant substation b) BUET Main Campus
substation c) M.A. Rashid Hall substation and d) Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall
substation.

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We visited the ECE substation and here it will be discussed briefly giving an
overview of the overall power system.
 Metering Unit: This metering unit is maintained and controlled by DPDC
and they charge BUET according to this meter for the usage. So, we were
restricted to get a closer look at the meter.

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 Figure :DPDC 11 kV metering unit
 Vacuum Circuit Breaker (HT switchgear): ECE substation has three
11kV vacuum circuit breakers. It is connected to the HT side of each
transformer.

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 Figure :11kV vacuum circuit breaker(HT side)
 Transformers:
ECE substation has 3 transformers each connected to an 11kV DPDC
distribution line.
Each transformer is rated 11kV-400V, 800 kVA step down transformer.
Input side of the transformer has three red wires (see in the picture) and
output side has four black wires. So, the HT side is delta connected and LT
side is Y connected. The three transformers of the ECE substation are
located outside the substation and protected by a fence.

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 Figure :Three 11/0.4 kV step down transformer
 Automatic Transfer Switch(ATS):
After the transformer the 400V lines come directly to ATS. ATS works like
a SPDT switch. Two 400 V lines, one from DPDC and another from
generator come to ATS. ATS switches between these two lines
automatically or manually.

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 Figure: Automatic transfer switch
LT switchgear (Air Circuit Breaker):
ECE substation has 3 LT switchgear connected to each of the transformers. These
circuit breakers are air circuit breakers and connected to 400 V line.

Figure: LT switchgear

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 PFI Plant:
PFI Plant is used to improve the power factor of the line. It is used to keep
the power factor close to unity to reduce line losses.

Figure: PFI plant

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Complete Single Line Diagram of Buet Power System:

Figure: Single line diagram of BUET Power System

Figure: Ring main connection

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Conclusion:
It is noteworthy that electricity distribution systems require maintenance and
upkeep in order to function well and last a long time. Ignoring maintenance can
lead to equipment degradation, decreased efficiency, and even potential safety
risks. Preventive maintenance and routine inspections can assist in identifying
problems before they become more serious ones.
In addition, because of their long-term cost savings potential and little
environmental effect, renewable energy sources like wind and solar power are
growing in popularity.
It's crucial to remember that these power sources aren't always dependable and that
storage options or backup generators are needed to guarantee a steady supply of
electricity.
All things considered, the experiment yielded insightful information on how a
power distribution system functions, the need of maintenance, and the need to take
alternate energy sources into account.

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