PRE202 - Fundamentals of

Thermodynamics
Fall 2019
Dr. Asmaa Ramadan El-Sayed
Mechanical Power Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering – Ain Shams University
 Lecture 1
Introduction to
Thermodynamics
 Outline
• Definition of thermodynamics
• System, surrounding, boundaries, process & state
• Thermodynamic properties
 What’s all about
• the branch of physical science that
deals with the relations between
heat (Q) and work (W).
• Thermodynamics is an engineering
tool used to describe processes
that involve changes in
temperature & transformation of
energy.
 Example 1

“Given that energy is conserved, where does the

fuel+oxidizer energy that is used to power an
airplane go?”
 Definitions
• Thermodynamic system: A quantity of fixed mass under investigation
• Surroundings: Everything external to the system
• System boundaries: The interface separating the system and surroundings
• State: A system is said to be exist in a definite state if all the properties of the
system (pressure, temperature, volume etc,) have fixed values
• Process: The path followed by the system during the change of at least one
equilibrium property
• Cycle: A series of processes in which the initial and final states are the same
 Thermodynamic Properties
• Intensive property: A physical property whose value does not depend on
the mass
• Extensive property: A physical property whose value depends on the mass
 Example 2
• An open tank having a volume of 1 L, contains 1 kg of water at
20ºC and 1 bar. The tank is divided in 2 equal parts by a partition.
• Find the volume (V), mass (m), pressure (p), temperature (T), density (ρ),
specific volume (v) and internal energy (U) of each partition
 Thermodynamic Properties
Property Symbol SI Units Equation
Pressure p 1 MPa=10³ kPa=106 Pa=106 N/m²=10 bar 𝐹
𝐴
Temperature T T (K) = T (ºC)+273
Specific volume v m³/kg (where 1 m³ = 1000 L = 1000 cm³) 𝑉 1
=
𝑚 ρ
Specific internal u kJ/kg 𝑈
energy 𝑚
Specific enthalpy h kJ/kg 𝐻
𝑚
Specific entropy s kJ/kg.K 𝑆
𝑚
QUESTIONS?