Lesson 2.

2: Sampling Procedure
Competency: Describe sampling procedure and sample.

Important Statistical Terms

Population: a set which includes all measurements and interest to the researcher. (The collection of
all responses, measurements, counts that are of interest)

Sample: A subset of a population

Population

Sample

SAMPLING
Refers to the process of systematically selecting individuals, units, or groups to be analyzed
during the conduct of the study. The reason for selecting the samples is to get information about the
target population. Thus, it is the goal in research to make sure that the samples selected represent
the target population.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

A. PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

1. Simple Random Sampling – the most frequently used type of probability sampling
technique. This is characterized by the idea that the chance or selection is the same for
every member of the population.
2. Systematic Random Sampling – follows specific steps and procedures in doing the
random selection of the samples. It requires a list of the elements and every nth of the
element in the list drawn for inclusion in the sample.

3. Stratified Random Sampling – is similar with simple random sampling in that the
members of the population can all be selected by chance. However, in stratified random
sampling the population is divided into subgroups (or strata). The samples are then
selected from these subgroups, and not from the population as a whole.

Example:
There are 1200 Junior High School students and the desired sample size is 300, here
are the steps below.

 Get the population of the junior high school students per level. In this case, the following
data were recorded:

Grade 7 350
Grade 8 300
Grade 9 280
Grade 10 270
TOTAL 1200

 Divide each number of students per level by the total population of 1200 and then
multiply by the desired sample size.

In this case,
Grade 7 350/1200 x 300 = 87.5 = 88
Grade 8 300/1200 x 300 = 75
Grade 9 280/1200 x 300 = 70
Grade 10 270/1200 x 300 = 67.5 = 67
TOTAL 300

4. Cluster Sampling – used when the target respondents in a research study is spread
across a geographical location. In this method, the population is divided into groups called
clusters which are heterogenous in nature and are mutually exclusive. A random sampling
technique is used on relevant clusters to be included in the study.
 Comparison of the Types of Probability Sampling Technique

B. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

1. Convenience Sampling – a method of selecting samples that are available and are
capable of participating in a research study on a current issue. This method is
sometimes called haphazard or availability sampling.
Ex. Conducting a survey or interview on a captive audience inside a mall or park
or school to obtain a quick response of public opinion on specific issue.

2. Snowball sampling – is a technique where the researcher identifies a key informant

about a research of interest then ask that respondent to refer of identify another
respondent who can participate in the study. The identification of the samples follows a
multiplier effect, that is, one person is asked to refer the researcher to another
respondents and so on.

3. Purposive Sampling - sometimes called judgmental or subjective sampling employs a

procedure in which samples are chosen for a special purpose. It may involve members
of a limited group of population.
Ex. Suppose you want to determine the effectiveness of specific substance in
treating acne, therefore, your respondents are those having pimples or acne.

4. Quota Sampling – is gathering a representative sample from a group based on certain

characteristics of the population chosen by the researcher. Usually the population is
divided into specific groups.

Source: Practical Research for Senior High School. Prieto, N.G, Naval V.C., Carey,
T.G. 2017