Laws of Motion

Lesson Objectives
• Describe force
• Identify and refute misconceptions about force
and change in motion
• Represent forces in diagrams using appropriately
labeled vectors
• Relate an object’s acceleration to its mass and the
net force acting on it
• Predict how an object would accelerate knowing
its mass and given one or more forces acting on it.
What is motion?

Philippine Science High School-Bicol Region Campus 3

 •the action of
Motion changing location
or position
Laws of Motion

Force Dynamics
Studies motion
and its causes
 •Motion can be
natural motion and
violent motion

Aristotle
Philippine Science High School-Bicol Region Campus 6
• Suggest that an object at
rest remains at rest, and
an object in motion
continues in motion with
constant velocity unless
acted on by an external
force.
• Introduced the concept of
INERTIA
Galileo Galilei
Philippine Science High School-Bicol Region Campus 7
 • Formulated the laws of
motion, which became
fundamental principles
in classical mechanics.

Isaac Newton
Philippine Science High School-Bicol Region Campus 8
Inertia
• The natural tendency of an
object to resist changes in
its state of motion

• Has a relation to mass

 What is the
difference between
Mass and Weight?
Let’s talk about
forces
What is Force?
What are the forces
acting on you?
What do forces do?
Force

•A push or a pull that acts upon

an object as a result of its
interaction with another object
•A push/pull
•A result of interaction
Force

•Contact interaction

•Field interaction
Laws of Motion
Let’s talk about
forces
Conceptual Check
Only objects that are
stationary or not moving
experience zero net force.
•True
•Force
Force is always needed to
keep an object
moving.
•True
•Force
All objects moving at
uniform speed are not
accelerating.
•True
•Force
For an object to sustain its
velocity, a constant
amount of force must be applied
to it.

•True
•Force
 A moving object that has
experienced zero acceleration
means it has stopped moving.

•True
•Force
First Law of Motion

•Objects at rest tend to stay

at rest. Objects in motion
tend to stay in motion
Second Law of Motion
• If a net external force acts on a body,
the body accelerates. The direction of
acceleration is the same as the
direction of the net force.
• The mass of the body times the
acceleration vector of the body equals
the net force vector.
Second Law of Motion

•F= ma
•Units: Newton (kg●m/s2)
•1 N= 1kg ●1 m/s 2
 Units
System Mass Acceleration Force

meters per second

SI Kilogram squared Newton

Centimeter per
CGS Gram second squared Dyne

Foot per second

Imperial Slug squared Pound (lb)
 Free Body Diagram
• A special type of force diagram that represents
all the forces acting upon an object.
• Arrows represent the forces

• The force arrows…

• …labelled according to type
• …are pointing in the direction of the force
• …have a length that is in proportion to their
relative strength
Drawing FBD
•Draw an arrow for each force,
directed in the direction that it acts
•Label the arrow to indicate its type
•Size the arrow to indicate its
strength relative to any oppositely-
directed force
Types of Forces
Force Description
Fgrav Always present
Ftens Force from string, rope, wire, cable
Fspring F from compressed/stretched spring
Ffrict Two surface sliding across each other
Fair Object moves through surrounding air
Results from two surfaces pressing each
FN
other (always perpendicular)
FA A person pushing/pulling on an object
Types of Forces
Force Description
Fgrav ↓
Ftens ↑
Fspring →←
Ffrict ←
Fair ↑
FN ↑
FA →
An object moving at constant
velocity in an inertial frame must:

•A. have a net force on it

•B. eventually stop due to gravity
•C. not have any force of gravity on
it
•D. have zero net force on it
An object moving at constant
velocity in an inertial frame must:

•A. have a net force on it

•B. eventually stop due to gravity
•C. not have any force of gravity on
it
•D. have zero net force on it
The block shown moves with constant
velocity on a horizontal surface. Two of the
forces on it are shown. A frictional force
exerted by the surface is the only other
horizontal force on the block. The frictional
force is

• A. 0
• B. 2 N, leftward
• C. 2 N, rightward
• D. slightly more than 2 N, leftward
The block shown moves with constant
velocity on a horizontal surface. Two of the
forces on it are shown. A frictional force
exerted by the surface is the only other
horizontal force on the block. The frictional
force is

• A. 0
• B. 2 N, leftward
• C. 2 N, rightward
• D. slightly more than 2 N, leftward
 Forces are acting on a body with a mass shown in
the figure, which of the following shows the right
FBD?

c.
a.

d.
b.
Example
•A cart with a mass 15.0 kg is being
pulled parallel to the ground with a
force of 2.50 x 102 N. What is the
cart's acceleration?
Example
• A 5.0-kg block being pulled across a
table by a horizontal force of 100.0 N
also experiences a frictional force of
10.0 N. What is the block's acceleration?
Example
•A force of 3000 N is applied to a
1500-kg car at rest.
• (a) What is its acceleration?
• (b) What will its velocity be 5 s later?
Example
• Object’s mass is 2kg and 2 forces
acting on it F1 is 10 N and F2 is 1 N. What is
the magnitude and direction of the
acceleration?
F
o 1
55
F2
Example
•A 60-kg sprinter presses down on
the ground with a force of 1000 N
at an angle of 30◦ with the
horizontal at the start of a race.
What is his forward acceleration as
his legs straighten out?
Example
Example

•A 1000-kg car goes from 10 to

20 m/s in 5 s. What force is
acting on it?
Example

•The brakes of a 1000-kg car

exert 3000 N. (a) How long will it
take the car to come to a stop
from a velocity of 30 m/s? (b)
How far will the car travel
during this time?