SUMMARIZING- A brief restatement of a text’s main point

Two aims of SUMMARIZING

• reproduce the main idea and key points of a text

• to restate these in as few words as possible

MAIN IDEA- Topic of the text

KEY POINT – arguments used to explain the main idea

REMEMBER!!

- You cannot add any opinion in the summary

- Do not qoute extensively
- AVOID PLAGIARISM
• use quotation marks(“”) to indicate copied terms

BENEFITS OF SUMMARIZING

1. Helps you learn to identify key ideas of the text and ignore irrelevant information
2. Improves our memory and by extension, our comprehension
3. Effective tool to self-evaluate what is understood about the original text

TIPS OF SUMMARIZING

1. Read the text carefully

2. Ask yourself these questions:
- What is the main idea?
- What are the crucial details necessary for supporting ideas?
3. Highlight, underline or jot what you think is the main points of the text
4. When summarizing an entire essay, outline the writer’s argument
5. Summarize in chronological Order

( the main idea is in the topic sentence which is either in the first or last sentence)

TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING

1. REFERENCE CITATION
2. GRAPHIC ORGANIZING

REFERENCE CITATION

FORMAT 1: Author citation in the body of the sentence/ Author Heading Format

- The summarized idea comes after the citation.

The author’s name/s is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb

FORMAT 2: Author citation in Brackets/ Idea Heading Format

- The summarized idea comes before the citation.

 GRAPHIC ORANIZING

- Shapes, lines, figures, drawings or sketches that are used VENN DIAGRAM
to make a visual display of key citation

T – CHART

• Comparison
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and effect
H GRAPH
Mnemonics/ Acronyms

GRID

• Comparison Comparison and Contrast

Changes overtime FISH BONE

Charts

SPIDER MAP

• Brainstorming Ideas Cause and Effect

Vocabulary PIE GRAPH
Examples of a central topic

Compositions/Fractions

BAR GRAPH
TIMELINE

• Historical

Event

Sequencing Tracking progress or growth

Biography LINE GRAPH

TABLE

• ALL TYPES OF DATA

Comparison and Contrast

Tracking progress or growth

LINE GRAPH
WHAT IS NOT SUMMAIZING

WRITE DOWN THE FF:

-EVERYTHING

-Ideas from the text word-for-word;

-Incoherend and irrelevant ideas;

-Ideas that are not stated in the text

-Summary that has the same length/ longer than the orig text

SUMMARY(add on) – known as abstract/precis(pray-see)

- product of careful digesting and relating to a shorter form of any long composition.

THESIS STATEMENT – Central idea of a text

- Summarizes the topic and the arguments of the writer about the topic
- Heart of your paper
- CENTRAL IDEA of the whole paper
- Can be in one or two sentences

TOPIC SENTENCE – Contains the subject of the paragraph

- Usually the first and last sentence of a paragraph

- The main idea of only one paragraph

TWO TYPES OF THESIS STATEMENT

EXPLICIT THESIS STATEMENT- Obviously written in the text

- Means straightforward
- Usually located at the end of introduction

IMPLICIT THESIS STATEMENT - not written in the text

- Readers will formulate the thesis statement based on their understanding

PARTS OF THESIS STATEMENT

TOPIC – subject of the text

POSITION(Claim) – your stand on the topic

REASON/S – explanation and justification of your point

CONCESSIONS (Counterclaim) – an opposing viewpoint on the topic

HOW TO WRITE A THESIS STATEMENT

- Identify the details based on the parts of the thesis statement before writing it completely.

MODELS OF THESIS STATEMENT

- BASIC THESIS STATEMENT

Topic+position

- THESIS STATEMENT WITH CONCESSION

Basic thesis statement+ concession

- THESIS STATEMENT WITH CONCESSION AND REASON

Basic thesis statement with concessions+ Reason/s

- THESIS STATEMENT WITH REASON

Basic thesis statement + reasons/s

-goodluck guys mwamwa charizz

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