MECHANICS TUTORIAL SOLUTIONS

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Question 1
Two identical universal beams are connected as
Z shown. Calculate IYY and IZZ if two 254 x 102 x
28Kg/m sections are used.

From section property tables a

254 x 102 x 28 kg/m UB has:
Iyy= 4000 cm4 Izz= 179 cm4
B
Y Y

Centroid of compound section

Z
Calculate the distance to the centroid of the compound section from point B (the centre of the beam lying
horizontally):

2Ah2 =A h1 +h2 +A.0

A(h1 +h2 (h1 +h2 )

h2 = = ⇒ h1 =h2
2A 2

260.4 6.3
h +h2 =
2 2

h1 =h2 66.7 mm

Calculate second moment of area about Y-Y axis:

I I I 4000 179 4179 cm

Calculate second moment of area about Z-Z axis:

I I I Ah Ah

I 4179 2 36.1 6.67

I 4179 3212 7391 cm

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Question 2
000
Z Calculate IYY and IZZ for the section shown if
350 x 15 mm thk.plate
the channels are 300 x 100 x 46 kg/m and
the top and bottom plates are 350 x 15 mm
thick.
From PFC Section Tables, for a
300 x 100 x 46 Channel:
Cy
Y Y Iyy = 8229 cm4
Izz = 568 cm4
Area = 58 cm2
Cy = 30.5 mm

Z
Calculate distance from centroid of the channel to the centroid of the plate (in the z direction):
300
h= 7.5 157.5 mm
2

Calculate second moment of area about Y-Y axis:

bd
I 2I 2 Ah
12
35 1.5
2 8229 2 35 1.5 15.75
12

16458 26066

42524 cm

Calculate distance from centroid of the plate to the centroid of the channel (in the y direction):

350
h= 100 C
2

350
h= 100 30.5 105.5mm
2

Calculate second moment of area about Y-Y axis:

bd
I 2 2I Ah
12

1.5 35
2 2 568 58 10.55
12

10719 14047

24766 cm

2
Question 3

Z Two 300 x 100 x 46 kg/m channels are

Strap braced by straps as shown. Calculate IYY
and IZZ if the overall width of the straps is
300mm as shown.
From PFC Section Tables, for a
300 x 100 x 46 Channel:
yy = 8229 cm4

Y Y Izz = 568 cm4

Area = 58 cm2
Cy = 30.5 mm

Z
300 mm
000

Calculate second moment of area about Y-Y axis:

I 2I

2 8229

16458 cm

Calculate distance from centroid of the compound section to the centroid of the channel (in the y direction):

300
h= 100 C
2

300
h= 100 30.5 80.5mm
2

Calculate second moment of area about Y-Y axis:

I 2I 2 Ah

2 568 2 58 8.05

1136 7517

8653 cm

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Question 4

Determine the maximum bending moment that the section shown below can resist if the
maximum bending stress is not to exceed 300 N/mm2

Determine the section properties of component parts:

Area of rectangular hollow section (RHS) = A1

= (250 x 150) – (250 – 10 – 10)(150 – 10 – 10)
= 7600mm2

Izz of RHS =
= 63.5 x 106 mm4

Area of top plate = A2

= 400 x 20
= 8000 mm2

Izz of top plate =

= 0.27 x 106 mm4

Determine centroid of the composite section:

Total Area = A1+ A2 = 7600 + 8000

= 15600 mm2

Taking moments about the top fibre:

AY = A1(20 + 250/2) +A2(20/2)
= 1.18 x 106 mm3
Y = 1.18 x 106 / 15600 =75.8 mm

Distance to bottom fibre = 20 + 250 – 75.8

= 194.2 mm

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Composite IZZ
IZZ = Izz(RHS) + A1(20 + 250/2 – 75.8)2 + Izz(Plt) + A2(20/2 – 75.8)2
= 134.8 x 106 mm4
Calculation of maximum moment:
σmax = 300 N/mm2 = (M/134.8 x 106)ymax, where ymax = 194.2 mm

Therefore:
M = 208.2 kNm

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Question 5

A symmetrical I-section with the following dimensions is used as a short column to support an
axial load of 2500 kN and bending moments of 100 kNm and 80 kNm about the yy (major) axis
and zz(minor) axis respectively. Calculate the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the
cross-section.

Flanges: 375mm x 27mm

Web: 17mm thick
Overall depth = 375mm

A = 2(375 x 27) + (321 x 17) = 25.71 x 103 mm2

Calculate second moment of areas:

375 375 179 321

I 2
12 12
= (1647.94 – 986.77) x 106
= 661.17 x 106 mm4

27 375 321 17
I 2
12 12
= (237.3 + 0.13) x 106
= 237.4 x 106 mm4

Calculate direct stress:

P/A = -2500 x103 / 25.71 x 103 = -97.2 N/mm2

Calculate stresses due to bending at the extremities in the section:

Myyy/Iyy = 100 x 106 x (375/2) / 661.17 x 106 = ±28.3 N/mm2

Mzzz/Izz = 80 x 106 x (375/2) / 237.4 x 106 = ±63.2 N/mm2

Combine direct and bending stresses to achieve maximum and minimum stresses:

Max tensile stress = -97.2 + 28.3 + 63.2 = -5.7 N/mm2

Max comp stress = -97.2 - 28.3 - 63.2 = -188.7 N/mm2

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Question 6

A T-section with the following dimensions is used as a short column to support an axial load of
1000 kN applied at an eccentricity of 50mm to the y-axis and 20mm to the z-axis respectively.
Calculate the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the cross-section.

Flange: 500mm x 100mm

Web: 100mm thick
Overall depth = 600mm

A = 2(500 x 100) = 100 x 103 mm2

Centroidal axis 400mm from bottom of web

500 100 100 500

I 2 500 100 150
12 12
I 41.67 1041.67 2250 10

I 3333.3 10 mm

Zyy(top) = Iyy / 200 = 16.67 x 106 mm3

Zyy(btm) = Iyy / 400 = 8.33 x 106 mm3

100 500 500 100

I
12 12

I 1041.67 41.67 10

I 1083.3 10 mm

Zzz(flg) = Izz / 250 = 4.33 x 106 mm3

Zzz(web) = Izz / 50 = 21.67 x 106 mm3

Calculation of direct stress:

P/A = -1000 x103 / 100 x 103 = -10.0 N/mm2

Moment due to load acting at an eccentricity to the y axis:

My = P ey = 1000 x 103 x 50 = 50 x 106 Nmm

Bending stresses
My / Zyy(top) = -50 x 106 / 16.67 x 106 = -3.0 N/mm2
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My / Zyy(btm) = +50 x 106 / 8.33 x 106 = +6.0 N/mm2

Moment due to load acting at an eccentricity to the z axis:

Mz = P ez = 1000 x 103 x 20 = 20 x 106 Nmm

Bending stresses
Mz / Zzz(flg) = ±20 x 106 / 4.33 x 106 = ±4.6 N/mm2
Mz / Zzz(web) = ±20 x 106 / 21.67 x 106 = ±0.9 N/mm2

Combine direct and bending stresses to achieve maximum and minimum stresses:

Max tensile stress = -10.0 + 6.0 + 0.9 = -3.1 N/mm2 in the bottom corner of the web

Max comp stress = -10.0 – 3.0 – 4.6 = -17.6 N/mm2 in the top corner of the flange