FLEXURE PROBLEM

• Step 13 Check service level stresses in the reinforcing

steel and FRP
b ec fc
kd/3
kd Fc
d df

As nsAs Fs
es,s

n f Af Ff
ef,s ebi
Use force equilibrium:
Fc = Fs +Ff (Service Level)
Find strain using similar triangles

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FLEXURE PROBLEM

• Step 13 Contd. Thus,

Fc =
1
(ε c E c )( kd ) b
2
Es k
Fs = As × εc
Ec 1− k
E kd
εc
f
F f = A f ×
Ec d f − kd
From which:

 E E f   Es Ef df    Es Ef 
k =  ρ s s + ρ f  + 2 ρ s + ρ   −  ρs + ρ 
Ec   Ec Ec  d   E Ec 
f f
 Ec   c

k = 0.343 → kd = 0.343 × 21.5 = 7.37 in.

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