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This analysis the rate of reaction on how the concentration influences the outcome of the speed of
the reaction. We have two temperature values, 296K and 303.5K, and we can calculate the ratio of
the corresponding rate constants. These include: 1) Temperature: At higher temperature, the particles
have more kinetic energy. There was always some unknown time gap between the time for the
measurement on the stopwatch, and the time when I actually took the reading. Next, the
hydrochloric acid is poured into the beaker. Rate of Reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and
Magnesium Ribbon. The apparatus I intend to use are as follows; Stop Clock, 50ml measuring
cylinder and a 250ml-measuring beaker. This is because when bonds are broken (in our case
hydrogen and chlorine) they use up energy, and when new ones are formed they they give out
energy. This would interfere with the reaction giving the particles more kinetic energy therefore
altering the hydrogen released. Results Amount of HCl (ml) Amount of water (ml) Time 1 (sec) Time
2 (sec) Average time (sec) 50 0 4 2 3 45 5 8 5 6.5 40 0 9 9 9 35 5 24 25 24.5 30 20 30 29 29.5 25 25
47 55 51. No human skill is needed here like for example eye sight, because this experiment is
equipment reliant, which therefore decreases the chances of an error. Some reactions are very fast,
for example; the formation of silver chloride precipitates when silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid
solutions are mixed. By taking gas volume readings at 5 second intervals, only the first 5 seconds
would be affected by the loss of gas caused by the inaccurate method, and then the amount of gas
lost could be calculated by working out how much gas should be produced for the quantities of
reactants. In the experiment we used a measuring cylinder to measure out 50cm 3. The Rate Of
Reaction Between Magnesium And Hydrochloric Acid. This experiment will be repeated 2 times
then the average of the two will be worked out. If we had to use weight then to get the exact weight
you would have to keep adding pieces of magnesium if the piece you had already chosen was too
light. You could also have it had even smaller intervals, like 23 0 C, 23.5 0 C and 24 0 C. However I
feel that it would firstly be very hard to have the Hydrochloric acid reach each temperature with the
accuracy needed, and I also feel that the difference between each temperature would be too
insignificant to come to a firm conclusion. For the reaction to occur, first the hydrogen ions need to
reach the surface of the magnesium solid. The higher the gradient the higher the rate of reaction. The
mass of the catalyst remains unchanged for the whole reaction. The exothermic reaction had affected
the outcome of the reaction causing more collisions therefore making the results less accurate. This
leads to an error in my results because the reaction rate depends on the surface area. The magnesium
and hydrocloric acid in the test tube react to make hydrogen,which travels through the delivery tube
and into the measuring cylinder and measures how much hydrogen is collected as the hydrogen
forces the water out of the measuring cylinder. This will increase reliability and the 3 outcomes for
each molarity and time interval can be found a mean. Rate of reaction between calcium carbonate
and hydrochloric acid. I repeated both experiments three times to work out a good average and to be
sure that they were reliable results and in all cases the higher the concentration the higher the rate of
reaction. What happens during the reaction is a different matter. This could easily mean that part of
the apparatus was faulty. The effect of Hydrocholric acid on the Rate of Reaction.
Rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid using. The important number to keep in
mind with the experiment is the final volume of gas formed, and those normally stay to within 3cm 3
of each other. The higher the concentration the higher the number of collisions per second. They
move more rapidly through the solution, they collide more often and more vigorously, so the chance
of a reaction increases. The time. I feel that this will give me the most interesting set of results and
there are many different theories and explanations for what will happen during the reaction. I think
the syringe method was a suitable procedure to investigate the rate of reaction (gas given off)
because the syringe did gather the amount of hydrogen released during the reaction pretty accurately.
This therefore gives a faster rate of reaction Method 50ml of hydrochloric acid was measured out in
a 50ml-measuring beaker; the acid was then added to the 250ml beaker. Therefore, I have myself
proved my prediction wrong. To ensure no hydrogen escapes, the person must check whether there
are any leaks around the top of the beaker, which leads to reliable results. In chemical reactions, if
the activation energy is low, a high proportion of collisions will have enough energy and so the
reaction is fast. Join our team of reviewers and help other students learn. I will measure the rate of
reaction by timing how long a magnesium strip will react with different concentrations of
hydrochloric acid. Measuring the Rate of Reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbon.
If the atoms are moving faster they collide more often with each other and therefore, increase the
rate at which they react. The increased number of equipment used provides a more equipment
dependent method, which, if one part of the equipment fails, so will the whole method. Ensure that
all naked flames are extinguished, and that there are no other sources of ignition available to
students. This heat energy will then be converted into kinetic energy and the atoms will collide more
often. The easy set up allows more time for more results which allow a fairer mean. However, gas
particles move faster than the human hand, and may have escaped before the bung was placed back
on. The reason that the experiment with hydrochloric acid at 2 molar will dissolve the magnesium
ribbon faster is because it is of a stronger concentration and so the molecules in the hydrochloric acid
move faster and so react with the magnesium ribbon quicker. Use a pipit for better accuracy and
ensure the meniscus level is correct to the correct to the right measurement acquired, carry this out on
a balanced surface for better accuracy. If we used some kind of machine that could start the
stopwatch as soon as the magnesium was put in then it would be better but we did not have the
equipment. In each reaction it varied, and therefore when I started measuring the gas produced in
each individual experiment, the starting concentration was not exactly the same as it was for the
others. A reading after 600 seconds was taken, because by this amount of time a negligible amount
of gas was being evolved and the reaction had almost come to a stop. The other person puts the
magnesium ribbon (which is folded into eight sections to provide a large surface area) into the
hydrochloric acid. Reactant particles are constantly moving towards each other and colliding in ways
that can break and form bonds. For a collision to be successful and for a definite reaction to occur, a
particle of magnesium and a particle of acid will have to collide with the SUFFICIENT ENERGY,
which is called the ACTIVATION energy. Then once everything is set up get the stop clock ready,
measure out the 50ml of hydrochloric acid and pour it into the conical flask and again the same as
the burette method simultaneously put the magnesium into the conical flask, put the bung into the
top of the flask and start the timer. Then this is where a moment of inaccuracy could enter into the
experiment we now have to put the magnesium ribbon into the conical flask, whilst at the same time
put the bunk into the top and start the stop watch, but this is impossible so we just have to do it as
fast as we can whilst still being safe in what we are doing. The weighing device I had used to do this
experiment had measured the weight by two decimal places this was enough to measure exactly how
much hydrogen was produced.
The bung had to then be placed back on very fast, as to let no gas escape. However, unlike timing
and observation, this method is far more accurate, so a result or two less would not be much trouble.
If the particles are denser, there will be more collisions per second and therefore more effective
collisions per second. This works by the bung already being fit into the conical flask and all you
have to do is tip the conical flask so that the ignition tube, containing the magnesium, falls over, the
magnesium falls out and the experiment is started without the hassle of opening and closing the
bung. I would have been able to obtain a more accurate set of results if I could use magnesium
powder with larger grains (greater volume:surface ratio and less affected by the experiment). Rate of
Reaction of Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid by camiel. The room temperature must have varied
time-to-time this may have been caused by body heat lost to the surroundings by students in the
class. Join our team of reviewers and help other students learn. Another risk is that magnesium is
flammable especially if in powder form, but we are using it in a ribbon form and we are not using
any flames in any part of the experiment. This is because there is a greater possibility for particles to
collide with enough kinetic energy in addition to overcome the activation energy. The rate of reaction
of magnesium with hydrochloric acid- Learn. I found that using only 25cm 3 of 1.0M of acid and
5cm of magnesium was insufficient, as all the magnesium had reacted within 45 seconds. Therefore,
the magnesium must be coiled up before it is placed into the acids so that all of it is immersed. The
amount of gas produced for each time interval for all the graphs are different for example 0.3M of
HCl shows at 15 seconds the hydrogen released was 2.8cm 3 but 0.4M the gas produced was 3.3cm
3 at that same time. The increased number of equipment used provides a more equipment dependent
method, which, if one part of the equipment fails, so will the whole method. Some reactions are very
fast, for example; the formation of silver chloride precipitates when silver nitrate and hydrochloric
acid solutions are mixed. Firstly, in the conical flask there is an empty space around 50cm 3 which is
not taken up by the solution. I have chosen this amount as preliminary tests show this amount to be
suitable to what I am doing. So therefore the last graph 0.7M of HCl displays an obvious curve
shown at the tip of the best-fit line. The word aqueous is written if the reactant or product is present
as a solution in water. I was collecting up to 80 cm 3 hydrogen, which means I was collecting more
than 20% of the hydrogen produced in the reaction: this can not be assumed to be an accurate
measure of the initial rate. Then once everything is set up get the stop clock ready, measure out the
50ml of hydrochloric acid and pour it into. Cover the flask with cling film A yellow solution will
form When you can no longer see the 'X', stop the stopwatch and record the time Repeat the
experiment again with a different volume of Thiosulphate. All my graphs approve that my evidence
are accurate because neither of the graphs have an anomalous point even though some plots are
slightly off the best fit line. So the air will rise more and the gas formed will rise more. Also at a
higher temperature the normal air rises more, and so that may have collected in the gas syringe. This
way, a person could cut the piece to a certain length and then weigh it. Also, the fact that we have to
reset it to 0 at the start, whilst the reactants are already reacting, provides unreliable timing, and
therefore unreliable results. On the other hand some particles collide and react as they have enough
energy, which then forms a new product; this is an inelastic collision. If I used a Bunsen burner it
would be impossible to keep the temperature constantly at a certain point.
The only way you could test the difference with readings of such small intervals would be if around
40 reading were taken. The simplicity of this method does extent the time availability, which allows
more results to be carried out. Rate of Reaction of Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid by camiel.
However the acid is in excess, so it is mainly the loss of magnesium (surface area becomes smaller)
that causes the change in the rate. That is, that the hydrochloric and magnesium atoms must come in
contact for the reaction to take place. In most cases, and as in my experiment, the volume of gas
produced can be recorded. That is another way of making the experiment more accurate, by
repeating it more than 3 times to so that we had enough sets of results for each strength to rule out
any abnormalities. In group 2 of the periodic table, magnesium is one of the alkaline earth metals. In
our case it is the amount of energy required to break the bond between hydrogen and chlorine in the
hydrochloric acid particle. Rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid using. Rate of
Reaction of Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid by camiel. Rates of reaction 6.1 Reaction Rates
Depth of treatment Rate of reaction. If the temperature is increased then the particles motion will
increase as will there for the contacts between the opposite particles will be heavy and in parallel the
success rate would have increased making the reaction time faster. I am going to see whether the rate
doubles if I double the concentration, so if I use 0.25 molar which has a rate of 0.0041, the rate for
0.5 molar should be 0.082 as it is doubled like the concentration, but in my experiment it has not
doubled as it is 0.012. To make my prediction of no pattern occurring dependable, I am going to use
two more examples. It’s also very easy to reset, and is pretty advanced compared to some other
methods, like for example timing and observation, where the reliability depends on the quality of
eyesight, which is never 100% accurate and will vary with different individuals. Before we can get a
chemical reaction two particles must collide effectively. The Rate Of Reaction Between Magnesium
And Hydrochloric Acid. Rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. This
measurement was also chosen from a preliminary experiment. This means that will give out heat
during the reaction. The hydrochloric acid must be accurately measured at the correct temperature,
so to stop any extra energy being given off. I had calculated the average by the three trials that I had
investigated on. This is because there are twice as many acid particles in 2moles of hydrochloric acid
than in 1mole, so there will be twice the amount of collisions per second and because there are twice
the amount of collisions per second then there will be twice as many successful collisions per second,
increasing the speed of reaction. When the hydrogen is released a squeaky pop can be heard, telling
you that hydrogen is present. You could also have it had even smaller intervals, like 23 0 C, 23.5 0 C
and 24 0 C. However I feel that it would firstly be very hard to have the Hydrochloric acid reach
each temperature with the accuracy needed, and I also feel that the difference between each
temperature would be too insignificant to come to a firm conclusion. I found that using only 25cm 3
of 1.0M of acid and 5cm of magnesium was insufficient, as all the magnesium had reacted within 45
seconds. Draw tangents to the curves on these graphs and use the slope of the tangent as a measure
of the rate of reaction. (HT) Calculate the gradient of a tangent to the curve on these graphs as a
measure of rate of reaction at a specific time. At the end of the experiment, (i.e. a 30 or 60 second
interval), the scale on the cylinder shows the amount of water lost, and so therefore, the amount of
gas gained. From the gas volume, we can calculate the concentration of reactants remaining at each
time interval. This will have an influence on the rate of reaction it will make it slower.
Ensure that all naked flames are extinguished, and that there are no other sources of ignition
available to students. The pathway is therefore not confirmed by my results. It is dependent on the
equipment, which also widens more room for error in the equipment used. Therefore, the greater
chance that when the two atoms collide they will have enough energy to break the bonds and create
a reaction. I would also try and use the same volume of Hydrochloric Acid in both experiments so
then I can compare the two sets of data. Reactions that happen slowly have a low rate of reaction.
Once the hydrochloric acid is in the beaker, one person checks the time (every 10 sec.) and the
volume of hydrogen produced. Rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid.
This means that the particles travel faster and collide with each other with a greater force. The tube
through the bung should be a short section of glass, and then a flexible rubber tube can be
connected. These methods were equipment dependent, which is a much more accurate asset than
them being human dependent like most of the rejected methods. The opposite will happen if a low
temperature surrounds the solution. Also to stop gas from leaving the hydrochloric acid there should
be a slide to stop gas from going into the gas syringe. Even though we did this as carefully as
possible, we still could not be sure of its accuracy. The boiling tube warmed up during the
experiment indicating that the reaction was exothermic. It was that not all the hydrogen formed may
have been collected, or that more was collected in the 60 o C experiment than in the 10 9 C.
However, there is still a possibility that the syringe was faulty and gave inaccurate readings. I should
have been measuring only the first 20% of the reaction, say. The smaller the particle, the greater the
surface area With more collision, the rate of reaction increases. These methods were equipment
dependent, which is a much more accurate asset than them being human dependent like most of the
rejected methods. An example of a fast reaction is an explosion, and an example of a slow reaction
is rusting. The temperature increases continuously as the reaction proceeds, so on the graph of
log(rate) vs. This means that particles have to collide with less force for there to be a successful
reaction, therefore increasing the chances of successful reactions, and increasing the rate of reaction.
The concentration of the acid will partly determine how fast the reaction takes place, if we put some
of the magnesium ribbon into the HCL at 2molar then it might have simply dissolved within a few
seconds and then I would not have had time to record down any decent enough results to plot a
graph with. Then once everything is set up get the stop clock ready, measure out the 50ml of
hydrochloric acid and pour it into. Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy these particles
have, so at higher temperature they move faster, which increases the force with which they collide,
making a reaction more likely. The hydrochloric acid must be accurately measured at the correct
temperature, so to stop any extra energy being given off. The hole is so I can insert a thermometer to
measure the temperature of the solution inside. Nitric acid is a monobasic acid but its molecular
build-up is HNO 3, which is very similar to the molecular build-up of hydrochloric acid so the results
that I would obtain from using this acid would be similar to the ones I already have, so I would not
use this for any further experiments. This is because Mg can easily loose its 2 outer electrons, the
result of this is that it will react rather vigorously as two different particles react.
If the oxide is not removed it will be an unfair test, because the reaction will take longer, as the
oxygen layer acts as a shield, and it will take a while before it dissolves, and magnesium and
hydrochloric particles react. This was due to an error in reading which could not be fixed. Results
Amount of HCl (ml) Amount of water (ml) Time 1 (sec) Time 2 (sec) Average time (sec) 50 0 4 2 3
45 5 8 5 6.5 40 0 9 9 9 35 5 24 25 24.5 30 20 30 29 29.5 25 25 47 55 51. This means that it would be
a good idea to use this method because it is more accurate when taking down the results and so
should therefore give us a more accurate rate of reaction. However, this would not happen because
on when you have a higher temperature the gas is hotter. The smaller the particle, the greater the
surface area With more collision, the rate of reaction increases. GCSE AQA Chemistry 4.6 The rate
and extent of chemical change 4.6.1 Rate of reaction 4.6.1.1 Calculating rates of reactions The rate
of a chemical reaction can be found by measuring the quantity of a reactant used or the quantity of
product formed over time. One explanation for this odd result could possibly be that we put the bung
into the top of the conical flask too late and didn’t start the stop clock at the same time.
Hydrochloric, Sulphuric and Nitric acid all would produce a different rate of reaction, so if I do
change the type of acid then all three kinds would produce a different set of results. What happens
during the reaction is a different matter. The reason that the experiment with hydrochloric acid at 2
molar will dissolve the magnesium ribbon faster is because it is of a stronger concentration and so the
molecules in the hydrochloric acid move faster and so react with the magnesium ribbon quicker. I am
fairly confident with the reliability of my conclusion as I feel I have done the experiment a number
of times to get trustworthy results and used equipment that were easy to handle which means that I
could do the experiments without any major errors or difficulty. Furthermore, I would increase the
excess that the magnesium is in, so that the progress of the reaction would have less effect on the
relative surface area for reaction that there is. This could affect my results because as the reaction
proceeds, the temperature rises and the reaction rate will increase accordingly. In the science
industry, a human reliant factor would be extremely impractical because of the lack of accuracy. Rate
of Reaction of Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid by camiel. The clock stop was stopped when the
magnesium ribbon had fully dissolved; the time it took. I only require three results as I am going to
measure the average speed of reaction for each concentration of hydrochloric acid. The Data covers
the relevant range with regular repeats for reliability. Also how each of these factors is accounted for
should be noted. The collision theory which states that a ll substances are made up of particles.
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Policy RSC Education News Supporting teacher training Interest groups. The tubing should be
positioned well on the rear end of the gas syringe. When the two chemicals react a displacement
reaction will take place and the magnesium will displace the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid
forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. This reduced concentration also serves to slow down
the reaction so I could make measurements of volume more accurately. I then assumed the mass
would remain constant every time I measured 4cm. There are therefore more effective collisions per
second, so the rate of reaction is greater. The increased number of equipment used provides a more
equipment dependent method, which, if one part of the equipment fails, so will the whole method.
The gas molecule products produced from the reactants in the flask are transferred from the flask to
the gas syringe by the tubing by the movement of gas. Rate of reaction between calcium carbonate
and hydrochloric acid.