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As the concentration of Na Thiosulphate decrease the clip taken for the cross to vanish additions,
this is an reverse relationship. On my preliminary graph, I can see that the rate of the reaction gets
quicker as the temperature increases. This is because if there are more molecules, they are more likely
to collide and react. Once I have poured Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid into the beaker I
will start timing straight away and wait until the cross on the piece of paper or tile can’t be seen
from a birds eye view of the beaker. My preliminary experiment has helped me to decide that I will
try to keep this constant. Then I will pour the solution into the conical flask and as soon as the first
drop of sodium thiosulphate drops on the conical flask I shall start the stopwatch. It may be affected
by the concentration of reactants, the temperature of reactants, and the presence of a catalyst. This is
why the rate of reaction increased, as the concentration of sodium thiosulphate increased. The
reaction, which produces solid sulfur, will be followed by measuring the time needed for the reaction
mixture to become opaque. Increasing the concentration of substance in a solution means that there
will be more particles per cm. Below is a table to show the effect of changing different variables.
Therefore I predict that in the experiment were the temperature is changed, the rate of reaction will
go up as the temperature goes up. An Investigation Into The Rate Of Reaction Between Sodium
Thiosulphate and. The reacting particles gather on the catalyst surface and collide more frequently
with. The sulphur forms in very small particles and causes the solution to cloud over. Graph one and
three show negative correlations while graph two and four show positive correlation. Temperature is
very hard to control, I can not make sure that it is exact, but the experiment will happen under room
temperature, which will be about 22 o C, and I will keep my experiment away from anything, which
could potentially heat up the experiment, e.g. Bunsen flames and radiators. This means that the
particles will again collide more frequently with each other and the rate of reaction will increase.
However I have spotted an anomaly which shows up obviously on my graph. However there is
another factor which will also alter the graphs shape. The results tell us that, as the concentration of
sodium thiosulphate decreases, the rate of reaction decreases. In most cases, when the concentration
of sodium thiosulphate doubled, the rate of reaction also seemed to double. This will allow me to
compare the results individually, and see if there are any results which stand out. The catalyst itself
does not take part in the reaction as a reactant. With sedimentation and siltation of gravels below
tributary junctions due to the sociology of science and technology coursework acid and thiosulphate
between reaction. However, the collision theory says that a very small percentage of these collisions
result in a reaction. People have different eyesight’s and reaction times that can change the out
comes. Investigating The Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thi. Rates of
reactions science (chemistry) coursework - Thinking Writing. There may have been a temperature
decrease when I have taken out the test tube with the hydrochloric acid in from the water bath and
poured it into the conical flask with the sodium thiosulphate because the sodium thiosulphate is still
at room temperature.
Repeating the experiment always helps, as we can find an average and it eliminates any results that
may not seem accurate. This means that it takes less time for the cross to disappear, when the
concentration of sodium thiosulphate is higher. The one anomaly which occurred can easily be
accounted for and I do heavily believe if that reading was retaken it would fit with the trend of the
rest of the data. I will prevent this from affecting the results by not stirring or shaking the mixture in
any way. Disappearing Cross Experiment: Papers - 123HelpMe com. We decided that we would
change the concentration of one solution and not investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction. For example, when the concentration was 0.050M, the rate of reaction was 0.011, and when
the concentration was 0.100M (double), the rate of reaction was 0.024, which is almost double. Or
possible the concentration of the chemicals could be increased this would cause there to be more
particles in the chemicals and therefore more collisions occurring. This belongings is used in the
experiment to find the rate of the reaction. My results showed that as the concentration of sodium
thiosulphate increases, the rate of reaction increases, thus causing the average time it takes for the
solution to go opaque, decrease. I believe that perhaps this was caused by a change in another
variable I remember I had wash out the flash with hot water and so the partials had more energy and
collide more to speed up the reaction time. The average time it took for the solution to opaque, at
0.050M was 95 seconds. It took 179 seconds for the cross to disappear at 0.025M concentration of
sodium thiosulphate. Affect of Temperature Preliminary Experiment For my first preliminary
experiment, I had to investigate the affect of temperature of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric
acid against rates of reaction. There are different variables I could use to see the change in the rate of
reaction. Also The person timing the experiment will look for the disappearance of the cross,
otherwise there would be a time lapse between seeing the cross disappear and telling the other person
to stop the clock and then eventually stopping the clock. However, in the third conical flask, when
we halved the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, we can see that the rate of reaction halves
aswell. This minimum energy is called the activation energy. I will repeat the whole experiment
twice, in order to reduce the effects of any mistaken results that may occur, by using averages to
make a conclusion. Another reason is because of the change in room temperature. Through this
method, reaction rates were investigated to find how factors such as temperature, concentration and
mixing can affect it. I said that that as the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate increases the rate
of the reaction will increase causing the solutions of the hydrochloric acid and the thiosulphate to
trun yellow more quickly. I predict that by doubling the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, the
rate of reaction will double, because there are twice as many particles in the solution, which means
that there will be more collisions. The experiment is to see how fast the two of them will react. We
then added 50 cm 3 of Sodium Thiosulphate to the hydrochloric acid, and at this time we do not
need to add any water.. Immediately, we started the stopwatch. The first order reaction is involved
between the sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. But when the water is added and the
hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution became dilute and the reaction slowed down. If
the cross was placed on the bottom, the time would be greater then if the cross was on the side
because the thickness that you would be seeing through is different and therefore time different will
be very different. After adding the solutions, we timed how long it took for the solution to go
opaque, thus making the cross invisible. I will be conducting all of my experiments at room
temperature, so there will not be a significant difference in the temperature. Similarly the use of a
catalyst complicates things, and if used incorrectly could alter the outcome of the experiment.
The reacting particles gather on the catalyst surface and collide more frequently with each other. In
the second conical flask, we decided to dilute the hydrochloric acid. Therefore if the amount of
collisions is increased, the rate of reaction will increase but the percentage of collisions will remain
the same. It would also be preferable to wear a scientific apron, however this is not essential. We
could also what the effect of changing the hydrochloric acid is, in a full investigation, although
according to the preliminary experiment, it shouldn’t make much of a difference. The preliminary
work also allows me to make a hypothesis of the main investigation. We must also make sure that we
add both the water and the Sodium Thiosulphate at exactly the same time (into the beaker with the
hydrochloric acid in it), or it could affect the results of the experiment. Place the paper on the bench
and put the conical flask on top of it. If there are a higher number of collisions, the reaction will not
only go faster, but the rate of reaction will be much higher. Therefore the rate of the reaction can be
studied by monitoring the opaqueness of the reaction. This in turn could affect the results because if
the cross is seen more easily, if it was drawn with a thick marker, our measurement of how long the
reaction took to complete would be longer and so the rate of reaction would seem slower. We must
do this several times, and change the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate. A catalyst also lowers
the activation energy for the reaction. Because there are more molecules about, the frequency of
successful collisions is greater, and the reactions happen faster.'. Experiments could be carried out to
see how greatly pressure affects the rate of reaction; the same two chemicals would be put under
different pressures and the time for the cross to disappear taken. If the concentration doubles, I
would expect the rate of reaction to double and if the concentration is zero I would expect the rate
of reaction to be zero. On my preliminary graph, I can see that the rate of the reaction gets quicker as
the temperature increases. It is a chemical substance which speeds up a chemical reaction, and
remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Na 2 S 2 O 3 aq. This experiment will be
carried out by drawing a cross on a piece of paper and mixing hydrochloric acid and sodium
thiosulphate together to see if. This is because when a substance is heated up, each particle has more
energy, resulting in more collisions between the free moving particles in a liquid, causing more
particles to react, therefore increasing the overall rate of reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the
time taken for the reaction to take place. You can increase the surface area of a solid by breaking it
up into smaller pieces. Even though this would have happened for all of the results. I justified my
prediction and gained the results expected. In order to stop the temperature loss the best way would
be to constantly heat or cool the chemicals while they are reacting this would help prevent the
temperature from changing so much. The rate of reaction is linked with the collision theory. The
catalyst itself does not take part in the reaction as a reactant. Sodium thiosulphate reacts with dilute
acid to produce sulphur dioxide, sulphur and water. When we halved the concentration of
hydrochloric acid, in the second conical flask, we can see that it has little effect on the rate of
reaction, and that there is little change from the rate of reaction of the first conical flask. In my rate
of reaction graph the rate increases as the concentraion increases and in my other graph the time
taken for the cross to disappear increases as the concentration decreases.
In order to do this, I am going to plot a graph, which shows all three repeats. Another reason is
because of the change in room temperature. To dot his reaction first I must measure out the amounts
of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. We filled the third conical flask with 10 cm 3 of
hydrochloric acid, 5 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate and 5 cm 3 of water. By increasing the temperature
I am providing the particles with more energy this causes them to move around faster and collide
with more energy this results with more reactions occurring more often as my results show. The
diagram below shows the different stages of the reaction taking place. I have found from preliminary
tests that these concentrations react at rates which I can measure quite accurately with the equipment
I have. This is where there are equal amounts of both solutions. The time taken for this to happen is
the measure of the rate of reaction. If there was more acid the reaction would of happened quicker.
Although, this is the case, the average time isn’t affected that much. I am to investigate the factors
that affect the rate at which Sodium Thiosu. My Conclusion From my experiment, I can say that as
the temperature of the sodium thiosulfate solution increased in both experiments, the time taken for
the reactions to complete decreased. When the mixture has become opaque, or when the cross
underneath the flask isn’t visible any longer, I will stop the clock and record how long it has taken to
reach this stage. Disappearing cross experiment - International Baccalaureate. It is a chemical
substance which speeds up a chemical reaction, and remains chemically unchanged at the end of the
reaction. Therefore if the amount of collisions is increased, the rate of reaction will increase but the
percentage of collisions will remain the same. The using the burette I will measure out of 20 cm3 of
hydrochloric acid and pour it in a conical flask. Or possible the concentration of the chemicals could
be increased this would cause there to be more particles in the chemicals and therefore more
collisions occurring. In the experiment the one variable which will be changed is temperature I will
do this by heating the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate in a water bath. This might have
occurred for several different reasons, such as the fact that the temperature control might not have
been exactly the same or that my judgement of when the cross may have disappeared might not have
been exactly the same for each one. Firstly, my results give conclusive evidence that as the amount of
Sodium Thiosulphate decreases and the amount of water in the solution there are less atoms to
collide and therefore less successful collisions causing chemical change so the reaction rate is slower.
In this experiment we are trying to find the rate of reaction using concentration as a factor, so there
is a number of things we need to make sure we do to keep it a fair test. This could mean that the
experiment was done perfectly. My aim is to investigate one effect of concentration on the rate of
reactio. Although it gives us a slight volume error, i.e. the volume may not exactly be 10ml, it doesn’t
give us a huge timing error, and all the hydrochloric acid will be able to react. Repeating the
experiment always helps, as we can find an average and it eliminates any results that may not seem
accurate. You can increase the surface area of a solid by breaking it up into smaller pieces. I found
that it would be difficult to tell exactly when the cross had vanished. The rate of reaction can be
found by measuring the time for the solution to become cloudy.
Investigation on reacting sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid. As the temperature increases,
the time taken for the sodium thiosulphate solution to become cloudy decreases. The rate of a
reaction can be measured by measuring the rate that a reactant is used. It is moderately toxic by
ingestion and inhalation. It is a chemical substance which speeds up a chemical reaction, and remains
chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. This in turn could affect the results because if the
cross is seen more easily, if it was drawn with a thick marker, our measurement of how long the
reaction took to complete would be longer and so the rate of reaction would seem slower. This would
have probably increased the rate of the reaction. Temperature is very hard to control, I can not make
sure that it is exact, but the experiment will happen under room temperature, which will be about 22
o C, and I will keep my experiment away from anything, which could potentially heat up the
experiment, e.g. Bunsen flames and radiators. If the colliding particles have less than this minimum
energy, then they just bounce off each other and no reaction occurs. Likewise, if I stir it then it will
increase the rate of reaction, because there will be a greater chance of the particles colliding with
other particles which they can react with because the two types of particles will be more mixed
together and also. I know this because when the temperature is increased the particles will have more
energy and they will move faster. Rates of reactions science (chemistry) coursework - Thinking
Writing. Demonstration. Only a tiny piece of sodium was used. It is important to keep the
temperature the same because the more heat a reaction gets the more kinetic energy it will have so
the reaction rate will increase. For example, a more concentrated acid contains more acid particles
and less water particles than a less concentrated acid. However, I do not have enough information on
the subject to be able to make a quantitative prediction at this time. This is what was expected and
therefore makes it unlikely that there were any major mistakes, although all results are not perfect.
Start the stopwatch as soon as you have poured half of the hydrochloric. The reaction will continue
and eventually the solution will turn completely opaque. A catalyst is usually a transition metal, a
transition metal oxide or an enzyme in living cells. In the main investigation I will see if this applies
to my results. So I think my results are quite accurate as I measured the liquids in millilitres and the
time in minutes and to the closest hundredth of a second. Investigating the rate of reaction between
Sodium Thiosulphate and hydrochl. As the concentration of sodium thiosulphate is increased, then
the rate of reaction increases also. The number of moles present in a particular volume is referred to
as the concentration of that substance; the greater the number of moles per unit volume, the higher
the concentration. I believe this to be due to my preliminary experiment, which I have carried above
and by the backrounf information, which states, that if the solution is made more concentrated it
means that there are more particles of reactant knocking about between the water molecules which
makes the collisions between the particles are more likely. Classic Chemistry Experiments: The effect
of temperature on reaction. The rate of reaction is linked with the collision theory. Disappearing X
Experiment Coursework about sodium thiosulphate. This is because if there are more molecules, they
are more likely to collide and react.
In most cases, the catalyst is used to make a reaction go faster. Once the solution began to
decompose, it was too difficult to measure the time it took for the solution to turn cloudy because
the reaction was too quick for me to measure. I will be judging the time taken for the reaction to
finish as the time it takes for the reacted mixture of sodium thiosulphate to go completely cloudy so
that I cannot see a cross drawn underneath the flask. The more particles there are in the same
volume, means that the particles will be closer together. This means that more of the molecules will
be colliding and reacting within a given time, and so the rate of the reaction has speeded up. It is
more accurate compared to a beaker or measuring cylinder. This meant that in the reaction, there
were more collisions, which sped up the time it took for the solution to go opaque. It is important to
keep the temperature the same because the more heat a reaction gets the more kinetic energy it will
have so the reaction rate will increase. I could have also meausref the wrong concentration, this
would have either increased or decreased the rate of my reaction. Looking directly above the conical
flask I will wait until the cross disappears and then stop the stopwatch. This will accurately show the
effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. Overall, this decreases the rate of reaction because it
takes longer for the mixture as a whole to react fully, because of the extra time it takes for the
molecules to collide with each other. However after that particular reading I managed to find the
beaker which I had used before but unfortunately I did not have enough time to retake that the
reading but I am confident that if I did retake it, it would fit in with the line of best fit on the graph.
Also I will be the only person looking at the cross. Therefore instead of using a pipette, we are going
to use a measuring cylinder. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take
place. In addition, when a molecule collides with another particle it transfers its energy to the other
particle, is this particle is hit constantly then it should obtain more energy than then the activation
energy and therefore reacting. One of the experiments will show the difference temperature makes
and the other will show the difference the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate makes. When
the substances need to be heated, they will be put in separate test tubes and heated in a beaker of
water. Although, this is the case, the average time isn’t affected that much. Collision theory states,
that the more collisions there are in a reaction, the more chance the molecules will combine. I will
prevent this from affecting the results by not stirring or shaking the mixture in any way. Therefore
we filled it with 10 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate, 5 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid, 5 cm 3 of water. The
results were recorded with a decimal place and the averages and rate of reactions are to two decimal
places. By using the burette, we were able to measure precise volumes of the various solutions. Make
sure the axes are labelled with the correct units. This may have been due in affect to one of these
reasons below. If the flask is wider then the cloudiness will appear less concentrated, because it will
be spread across the larger area of the bottom of the conical flask, and so it will take longer for the
cross to disappear, and the results will increase. When sodium reacts with water hydrogen gas and
sodium hydroxide are produced. Purpose. To observe the reactivity of a metal with water. The
amount of Hydrochloric Acid will be 10 cm3 each time expect for when diluting (see diagram1), and
the amount of thiosulphate will be fixed at 10 cm3.
If a solution is made more concentrated it means there are more particles of reactant knocking about
between the water molecules which make collisions between the important particles more likely.
Although all the average times and rates of reaction all correlate, they are not all evenly spaced and
therefore are probably not perfect. The preliminary work also allows me to make a hypothesis of the
main investigation. People have different eyesight’s and reaction times that can change the out
comes. Hydrochloric Acid report is in-depth investigation for global market. Once the solution began
to decompose, it was too difficult to measure the time it took for the solution to turn cloudy because
the reaction was too quick for me to measure. Or possible the concentration of the chemicals could
be increased this would cause there to be more particles in the chemicals and therefore more
collisions occurring. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate reaction. This
is because if there are more molecules, they are more likely to collide and react. The more particles
there are in the same volume, means that the particles will be closer together. It would also be
preferable to wear a scientific apron, however this is not essential. I found that it would be difficult
to tell exactly when the cross had vanished. This will accurately show the effect of concentration on
the rate of reaction. In order to change the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, we will use various
amounts of water, to dilute the solution. This meant that we had to make an amendment to our
method. This means that the time taken for the cross to disappear will decrease. Similarly, when the
temperature is decreased there will be less energy, so there will be less collisions and successful
collisions taking place so the rate reaction will decrease. The third shows the time taken for the cross
to disappear in the second experiment and the fourth shows the rate of reaction in the second
experiment. Since our research lab was air-conditioned, the reaction mixture could hold undergone
uneven and sudden chilling. During the experiment, goggles will be worn at all times for safety. The
purpose of this was to dilute the sodium thiosulphate. This meant that by the time, all the
hydrochloric acid had been poured into the sodium thiosulphate solution, the reaction had already
started. I believe that perhaps this was caused by a change in another variable I remember I had wash
out the flash with hot water and so the partials had more energy and collide more to speed up the
reaction time. My results showed that as the concentration of sodium thiosulphate increases, the rate
of reaction increases, thus causing the average time it takes for the solution to go opaque, decrease.
The rate of this reaction depended on how often, and hard the reacting particles collided. Rate of
reaction- Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. I will be judging the time taken for the
reaction to finish as the time it takes for the reacted mixture of sodium thiosulphate to go completely
cloudy so that I cannot see a cross drawn underneath the flask. It can be reproduced now, so if you
are doing it now, then you can use the figures in the experiement above. The higher the concentration
of sodium thiosulphate, results in less time for the solution to go opaque. This can be stopped if you
make sure there is enough of each chemical at the start of the experiment or if you do run put you
will have to start the investigation again.