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We could also what the effect of changing the hydrochloric acid is, in a full investigation, although
according to the preliminary experiment, it shouldn’t make much of a difference. The graph as I
predicted has a positive correlation and curved. Reactions can only happen when the reactant
particles collide, but most collisions are not successful in forming product molecules. The time is the
time taken for the reaction to finish at particular concentration of the solution. You can also see that
the line does not go through the origin this is because the two chemicals are both still liquid at zero
degrees this means that particles are still colliding causing a slow reaction to take place because the
particles are colliding with little energy. This is why the rate of reaction increased, as the
concentration of sodium thiosulphate increased. It also supports the fact that if the molecules move
around in solutions at the same speed each time, at a constant temperature, then the further the
distance they have to travel to reach its neighbouring molecules, the longer it will take for them to
reach the neighbouring molecule and then react. Temperature, concentration, pressure of reacting
gases, surface area of reacting solids and the use of catalysts are all factors which affect the rate of
reaction. This means that they will collide more frequently with each other and the rate of reaction
will increase. This would have brought more evidence to support the idea that the higher
concentration of a substance, the faster it will react. The reacting particles gather on the catalyst
surface and collide more frequently with each other. In addition, I will keep the experiment away
from any doors, windows, flames or radiators which may have may have an affect on the results.
The results between 10cm 3 and 15cm 3 are not very different, this is because we are only measuring
the experiment until the solution goes opaque, therefore there is an excess amount of HCl, because
we don’t need an excess, I will use only 10cm 3 in the experiment. Investigate how the
concentration of hydrochloric acid effects the reaction. I have made this prediction based on the
Collision Theory. How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphat.
Collision theory states, that the more collisions there are in a reaction, the more chance the molecules
will combine. I believe that the method which was used in the experiment was not very accurate.
However, in the third conical flask, when we halved the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, we
can see that the rate of reaction halves aswell. In earlier experiments, we used to count the number of
bubbles produced. This will allow me to determine what ratio is needed for the reaction to occur
quickest (i.e. more acid than water, the faster the reaction rate). A more concentrated substance has
more molecules for a given volume than a more dilute substance. In the actual experiment I will use a
250ml conical flask, which will be easier to pour into and I will be able to get more accurate results.
If the concentration of hydrochloric acid is high, there will be more acid particles in the same
volume, meaning that there is a greater chance of the particles colliding with the calcium carbonate
particles. My experiment is time based and I will not have enough time to go lower. This reaction can
be timed by measuring how long it takes the precipitate to make the mixture opaque. And finally I
will not sit down when conducting this experiment because if some liquid or apparatus may happen
to fall on me I wont be able to move out of the way. Therefore we had to resort to using a measuring
cylinder, which although it gave us a slight volume error, there was no timing error. How does the
increase in rate relate to collision theory. Hydrochloric acid is an irritant and can be corrosive.
I will be washing my hands regularly and thoroughly washing the equipment before each reaction to
make sure that it is not only a fair test, but that it does not cause something dangerous to happen.
Further work to investigate the rate of reaction could be to test the other factors which affect the
collision theory. The variable that was changed was the temperatures. The rate of a reaction can be
measured by measuring the rate that a reactant is used. Investigating the rate of reaction between
sodium thiosulphate and hydrochl. More thiosulphate ions will give more collisions with hydrogen
ions and a faster rate of reaction will occur. Next, I will place the end of the delivery tube at which
the CO 2 exits at the opening of the upside down measuring cylinder. The. If the volume is different,
then it could give different results to if it was at a constant volume. How does temperature affect the
rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphat. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the
reaction to take place. Therefore, if the marble chip was ground into a fine powder, then more
particles would be available for reacting with the acid, resulting in a very fast rate of reaction. A
better standard of beaker could also be used, as well as a less contaminated bottle of thiosulphate, as
our bottle contained thiosulphate AND hydrochloric acid already. We filled the third conical flask
with 10 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid, 5 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate and 5 cm 3 of water. The timing
may also have a degree of inaccuracy because it was not easy to start the timer at precisely the same
time as the hydraulic acid was added in whilst checking the temperature and putting the boiling tube
into the rack and stirring the reactants. Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric
Acid. The trend of the graph shows that rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration
of sodium thiosulphate. This will allow me to compare the results individually, and see if there are
any results which stand out. Many, many, many, many years ago chemists came up with the concept
of the mole to simplify discussion of chemical quantities: the more moles, the more particles, and
vice versa. Regardless of the total amount of molecules in the chip, only the molecules on the surface
will collide (react) with the hydrochloric acid. This particular apparatus was the most accurate and
successful, as we could easily measure the required volumes. As our results proved, this was an
inaccurate way of measuring gas output. In this case, when the concentration of the sodium
thiosulphate increased, the rate of reaction also increased. Also The person timing the experiment
will look for the disappearance of the cross, otherwise there would be a time lapse between seeing
the cross disappear and telling the other person to stop the clock and then eventually stopping the
clock. Make sure the volume of hydrochloric acid remains constant (10ml). Stirring increases the
chance of collision and provides more kinetic energy; this consequently increases the rate of reaction.
And finally I will not sit down when conducting this experiment because if some liquid or apparatus
may happen to fall on me I wont be able to move out of the way. Investigating the rate of reaction
between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Thi. Instead of using a cross, a laser, or maybe an interactive
quasar beam could be used and when the beam does not make contact with the sensor, that would be
the definite end point. The fact that we repeated the experiment three times, made sure that our
results were reliable and it helped identify any anomalies. After adding the solutions, we timed how
long it took for the solution to go opaque, thus making the cross invisible.
I predict that as you increase the concentration of sodium thiosulphate; the solid sulphur will be
produced more quickly and there will be less time before the cross can be seen. This provides me
with directly comparable rates of reaction, because as the time gets longer, the rate is much slower.
This means that a greater proportion of the particles will have the activation energy and so they will
be able to collide successfully, causing the rate of reaction to increase. This will be the time, from
when the HCl is added to the Na 2 S 2 O 3, until the solution goes yellow and opaque, when a
cross, which is written on a label placed underneath the reaction, can not be see. The time taken for
this to happen is the measure of the rate of reaction. When these factors are taken into consideration
it becomes clear that the graph should be altered accordingly. This means that the particles will again
collide more frequently with each other and the rate of reaction will increase. This was probably an
error on my behalf as I might have added the wrong volume. In addition, I will keep the experiment
away from any doors, windows, flames or radiators which may have may have an affect on the
results. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on
Study.com. This website helped me pass! To get the better of this, an index could hold been used to
bespeak the completion of reaction. I will take 2 sets of results to ensure that they are accurate. So
how do we increase the amount of particles in a reaction. The rate of a reaction can be measured by
measuring the rate that a reactant is used. I have found from preliminary tests that these
concentrations react at rates which I can measure quite accurately with the equipment I have. This
means that the particles will again collide more frequently with each other and the rate of reaction
will increase. An investigation to find out how concentration affects rate using the react. This meant
that we had to make an amendment to our method. When the concentration of a solution is high,
there is greater amount of particles in it, compared to the amount of particles in a lower concentrated
solution. I also predicted that when the concentration of sodium thiosulphate doubles, the rate of
reaction will also double. To find a rate of reaction from the results I will collect, I will divide 1 by
the time in seconds. This is because changing the concentration will alter the ratio of acid particles to
water particles. But before we get into the experiment, we need to briefly go over some background.
This I believe would help solve the concentration problem. In all the chemical reactions the reactants
are consumed and new products are formed. You can increase the surface area of a solid by breaking
it up into smaller pieces. Next, we added 45 cm 3 of Sodium Thiosulphate; we kept the HCL acid
constantly at 5 cm 3. Over 40 processes generate hydrochloric acid as a byproduct and it is
consumed in over a 100 processes. We filled the third conical flask with 10 cm 3 of hydrochloric
acid, 5 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate and 5 cm 3 of water. This is because the more particles of HCl,
then there are more collisions; therefore the collision frequency is higher.
This experiment involves mixing different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate with a constant
known concentration of hydrochloric acid. Increasing the concentration will increase the number of
particles colliding. The results tell us that, as the concentration of sodium thiosulphate decreases, the
rate of reaction decreases. In most cases, the catalyst is used to make a reaction go faster. If we take
the collision theory into account, we know that when there are more particles in a reaction, there are
likely to be more collisions, which results in a greater rate of reaction. It is at (37,4.27) however this
result should not really be counted because when this reading was taken the beaker which I poured
the two chemicals into was not the same as I had used for the previous readings because it had been
mislaid. Repeating the experiment always helps, as we can find an average and it eliminates any
results that may not seem accurate. How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphat. Investigating the rate of chemical reaction between sodium thiosulphate sol. This
provides me with directly comparable rates of reaction, because as the time gets longer, the rate is
much slower. In most cases, when the concentration of sodium thiosulphate doubled, the rate of
reaction also seemed to double. With a more concentrated acid, the number of acid particles is
greater, so the number of collisions is greater and the rate of the reaction is faster. In the experiment
that I will conduct, I will vary the concentrations of the solution, whilst ensuring the rest of the
variables are kept constant. Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. I found
that it would be difficult to tell exactly when the cross had vanished. By putting more particles into
the reaction, the chance of them colliding increases and so the rate of reaction increases. I predict
that as you increase the concentration of sodium thiosulphate; the solid sulphur will be produced
more quickly and there will be less time before the cross can be seen. The diagram below shows the
different stages of the reaction taking place. This reaction can be timed by measuring how long it
takes the precipitate to make the mixture opaque. This means that both graphs drawn up in my
analysis will have positive correlation, and will probably be curved as the increase in rate of reaction
will not be exactly the same as the concentration is increased. It would also be preferable to wear a
scientific apron, however this is not essential. The time it takes for a reaction to happen in is known
as the speed or rate of the reaction. We could also what the effect of changing the hydrochloric acid
is, in a full investigation, although according to the preliminary experiment, it shouldn’t make much
of a difference. Another possible extension would be to use different chemicals in the reaction
instead of sodium thiosulphate; potassium thiosulphate would be used after this evidence is obtained
the two for sodium thiosulphate could then be compared with the graph of potassium thiosulphate. I
will conduct all my experiments on one day, so that the temperature will be closer together. When the
cross is obscured, it is taken as the end point of the experiment. Products can only be formed when
effective collisions occur; this means that the molecules colliding are not enough. For example for
measuring volumes, if I use different measuring cylinder it will be an unfair test, because different
pieces of equipment has different degrees of accuracy and because we can only measure to half an
interval, the amount we measure may be different, with different apparatus. In most cases, when the
concentration of sodium thiosulphate doubled, the rate of reaction also seemed to double. When the
cross is completely obscured, the reaction will have finished.
The more particles there are in the same volume, means that the particles will be closer together. As
we know shaking would provide more collisions in the solution, which means there will be an
increase in the rate of reaction. In the graph titled “concentration of sodium thiosulphate against
average time”, the trend clearly seems to show that this is the case. In order to cool the chemicals ice
would be applied round the side of the beaker this would hopefully help cool it. The size of this
activation energy is different for different reactions. This means I will be using the turbidity of the
combined chemicals as a measure of how much they have reacted. This is because, if there are more
molecules of Sodium Thiosulphate in the solution, there will be an increase in the weakening of the
bonds of Hydrochloric acid. This means that the particles will again collide more frequently with
each other and the rate of reaction will increase. The produced CO 2 will displace the water within
the measuring cylinder causing it to flow into the surrounding water bath, thus giving me a reading
of the gas produced from the reaction. In a more concentrated solution, there are more atoms to
collide so the reaction time is quicker. To detect when cross disappears and stopping clock at that
sudden instance was very hard to judge effectively. The purpose of this experiment is to determine
the rate equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid by determining
the order of reaction with respect to sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. Despite all of these
flaws in the experiment I still believe that the results do support my conclusion and that the graph
itself is relatively accurate. To investigate the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and
Hydroch. It is usually expressed in terms of the concentration (e.g.- moles per litre) of a reactant
consumed, or product formed in unit time. Because there are more molecules about, the frequency of
successful collisions is greater, and the reactions happen faster.'. I believe this will happen because of
the collision theory. I will keep this constant by using the computer to design crosses which are the
same size and thickness. This will allow me to compare the results individually, and see if there are
any results which stand out. By increasing the temperature I am providing the particles with more
energy this causes them to move around faster and collide with more energy this results with more
reactions occurring more often as my results show. Another reason is because of the change in room
temperature. Kinetics Study on the Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and. This particular
apparatus was the most accurate and successful, as we could easily measure the required volumes.
This was probably caused by the influence of another variable. If the cross is changed and it is lighter
then obviously the time would decrease as it would be easier for the reaction to cover. I will repeat
this 3 times with each concentration, making sure that the conical flask is fully washed out, because I
will be using the same flask every time, so that the flask does not introduce any new variables into
the results. I have used pipettes instead of measuring cylinders to increase the accuracy of the
amount of substances measured out and I have also increased the accuracy of the temperature
reading taken as well. The bigger the area of the solid surface, the more the particles can collide with
it, in a certain period of time. As you can see, five different results will be taken. This meant that we
had to make an amendment to our method.
Fast moving particles are more likely to react when they collide. As the graph goes through (0,0) it
shows that when the concentration is at zero, then the reaction will not take place, so the rate will be
at zero as well. Finally the graph levels out when one of the reactants is used up and the reaction
stops. Therefore instead of using a pipette, we are going to use a measuring cylinder. For instance
between 45 o C and 50 o C the difference is 2seconds whilst between 15 o C and 20 o C the
difference is 32seconds, 30seconds longer. Hydrochloric acid is an irritant and can be corrosive.
When sodium reacts with water hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide are produced. Purpose. To
observe the reactivity of a metal with water. Then I will determine the average time taken for an X
drawn on a piece of paper and placed under the Erlenmeyer flask to become obscured. The bigger
the area of the solid surface, the more the particles can collide with it, in a certain period of time.
Need coursework for rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate. Stirring increases the chance of
collision and provides more kinetic energy; this consequently increases the rate of reaction.
Regardless of the total amount of molecules in the chip, only the molecules on the surface will
collide (react) with the hydrochloric acid. If 1 time taken seems out of place, the value will not be
recorded and the experiment will be retaken and the value will not be recorded. Reactions can only
happen when the reactant particles collide, but most collisions are not successful in forming product
molecules. It is at (37,4.27) however this result should not really be counted because when this
reading was taken the beaker which I poured the two chemicals into was not the same as I had used
for the previous readings because it had been mislaid. That would mean that if I had 05M, I would
have an initial reaction finishing in 54 seconds, since 1.0M took 27 seconds. However instead I got
75 seconds. As a result of this I excluded them when calculating the average and repeated that set of
results. The table below shows the volumes of the different solutions and the concentration of
sodium thiosulphate aswell. This belongings is used in the experiment to find the rate of the reaction.
All the other set of results are more accurate, and the closer together they are, the more reliable they
are. This was probably caused by the influence of another variable. It has not only given me an idea
of what method I will use, but more importantly it has helped me decide the range and extent of
solutions, that are required for the experiment. Potassium dichromate oxidizes the iodide ion in
acidic medium to equivalent amount of iodine. We filled the third conical flask with 10 cm 3 of
hydrochloric acid, 5 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate and 5 cm 3 of water. When two particles collide
they need a certain minimum energy called the activation energy, if they have equal to or more than
this energy, there will be a successful collision. The effective collision must occur with enough speed,
energy and force to break bonds in the colliding molecules. The fact that Sodium Thiosulphate lowers
the required activation level for a reaction to proceed also justifies an increase in concentration
means an increase in rate of reaction. I will keep the volume of each chemical the same this will be
hard because drops are left on the glass wear this is why I am using a pipette to increase the accuracy
of measurements. In this experiment, we decided to investigate the effect of concentration on a
reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. However, in the third conical flask,
when we halved the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, we can see that the rate of reaction halves
aswell.
It has not only given me an idea of what method I will use, but more importantly it has helped me
decide the range and extent of solutions, that are required for the experiment. Although it is not
exact, we can generalise the trend, to say that as we increase the concentration of sodium
thiosulphate by a certain amount (i.e. 0.025M), the rate of reaction also increases by a certain
amount (i.e. 0.006). The reaction, which produces solid sulfur, will be followed by measuring the
time needed for the reaction mixture to become opaque. In the graph titled “concentration of sodium
thiosulphate against average time”, the trend clearly seems to show that this is the case. Collisions
that lead to merchandises are referred to as effectual hits which consequences when the hits occur
with adequate velocity energy and force to interrupt bonds of the reactants. Only particles with
enough energy to overcome the barrier will react after colliding. Will the frequency of collisions
among students increase. It would be better to measure the rate at the start. All the other set of
results are more accurate, and the closer together they are, the more reliable they are. Therefore we
filled it with 10 cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate, 5 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid, 5 cm 3 of water. I will
also not drink or eat throughout this experiment as the solution may splash on the food or drink.
Therefore, if the marble chip was large it would have less surface area than smaller marble chips
equalling the same mass. The use of a measuring cylinder could have possibly affected out results,
although it didn’t seem to be too drastic. Then to find the order we will need to plot another graph
by obtaining information from the concentration-time graph. This shows that there is a definite
pattern and that the reaction produces the same amount of heat no matter what the starting
temperature is because the collisions and reaction create the same amount of friction and heat each
time. The rate of reaction is linked with the collision theory. Collision theory states, that the more
collisions there are in a reaction, the more chance the molecules will combine. The fact that there are
more collisions taking place in the same amount time, it means that the rate of reaction. Therefore
increasing the successful collision frequency. However the invariables which must be kept the same,
the molanty must be kept constant the strength which I will use is four mole the concentration of the
acid must also remain the same at one mole. There is five factors which affect the rate of a reaction,
according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution),
pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. When one of these clues presents
itself, it can then be used to make generalizations about reaction rates. The effect of temperature on
reaction rate - Royal Society of Chemistry. I changed the amounts of the thiosulfate solution and
hydrochloric acid in order to see if my real results would be any different from my preliminary
results. If this happens then the number of collisions will increase, and therefore the number of
successful collisions will increase. The cross disappears because as the sodium chloride is produced it
dissolves into the water making it go cloudy. We could have, however, used Sodium Thiosulphate as
a constant, but we had chosen to use Hydrochloric acid. So how do we increase the amount of
particles in a reaction. I can also conclude that the same amount of heat is produced from each test as
it is demonstrated after all 8 results. There are several ways in which you can make the particle move
quicker.