INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the researchers discuss the statistics that highlight the significance of
this study. They introduce and define vehicle parking, including algorithm-assisted
parking features. The researchers also explore how parking features and areas may
impact car drivers, particularly in indoor parking areas. Additionally, they aim to provide
a solution for cars to utilize parking areas in outdoor settings through the
implementation of a camera-assisted algorithm.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Effective management of parking spaces in urban areas is becoming increasingly

critical as cities grapple with rising congestion and limited parking availability. Traditional
approaches to parking management often prove inadequate in addressing these
challenges, resulting in driver frustration and inefficient use of urban space. To
surmount these obstacles, there is a growing interest in leveraging technological
advancements to develop innovative solutions that optimize parking utilization and
enhance the overall urban mobility experience.

Manual methods for monitoring parking availability and enforcing regulations are not
only labor-intensive but also prone to errors, exacerbating congestion and leading to
suboptimal use of parking spaces. Furthermore, the proliferation of vehicles in urban
areas, driven by population growth and increased vehicle ownership, compounds the
problem, making it progressively harder for drivers to find suitable parking spots.

The data from the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC, 2021) highlight a
significant rise in automobile quantity over the last decade, yet parking availability in
most major urban areas still fails to meet the demand. From December 1981 to 2021,
records on registered vehicles in the Philippines indicate an average production of
2,577,529 units per year, reaching a record high of 4,591,662 units in
2021(https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/philippines/number-of-registered-vehicles).
This surge in vehicles has led to increased instances of illegal parking, exacerbating
congestion and posing a considerable challenge to urban planners.
Efforts by the Manila city government, as reported by Tiangco (2020), demonstrate the
severity of illegal parking issues, with large-scale clearing operations resulting in the
clamping of hundreds of cars and motorcycles https://mb.com.ph/2020/09/04/over-800-
cars-33-motorcycles-clamped-in-manila/).. Such enforcement measures underscore the
urgent need for effective parking management solutions to address the challenges
posed by illegal parking and alleviate congestion.

Additionally, Garcia's article (2017) sheds light on the impact of parking difficulties on
drivers, with a significant portion reporting spending considerable time searching for
parking spots (https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT23JUN1582.pdf) . This
highlights the urgent need for solutions that streamline the parking process and
enhance user satisfaction.

Advancements in technology, particularly in computer vision and artificial intelligence,

offer promising avenues for improving parking management. Camera systems deployed
in parking facilities can provide real-time data on parking availability and occupancy,
enabling more efficient monitoring and utilization of parking spaces. By leveraging
image processing algorithms, these systems can accurately detect and track vehicles,
facilitating better decision-making regarding parking allocation and enforcement.

Addressable parking, a concept that involves assigning specific parking spaces to

individual vehicles based on various criteria such as reservation status, vehicle size, or
user preferences, presents a promising approach to optimize parking utilization. Unlike
traditional methods where parking spaces are allocated on a first-come, first-served
basis, addressable parking allows for dynamic allocation of parking spaces, maximizing
efficiency and minimizing congestion. This approach not only enhances the user
experience by reducing the time spent searching for parking but also improves overall
traffic flow and reduces emissions associated with idling vehicles.

The proposed study aims to develop and evaluate a camera-assisted addressable

parking algorithm that integrates camera systems with advanced algorithms to optimize
parking management. By analyzing real-time camera footage, the algorithm will monitor
parking availability and dynamically assign parking spaces to incoming vehicles based
on predetermined criteria. Factors such as proximity to the destination, parking duration,
and user preferences will be considered to maximize parking efficiency and enhance
user satisfaction. In recent years, advancements in technology have presented
opportunities to address the challenges posed by human-caused accidents on
roadways and parking areas.

Problem Statement

Manual methods for monitoring parking availability are error-prone and inefficient,
exacerbating congestion and parking difficulties in urban areas. With urban populations
growing rapidly, there is an urgent need for effective parking management solutions to
alleviate these challenges.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to design a camera-assisted addressable parking

algorithm for cars to lessen the waiting time for parking. The specific objectives of the
algorithm are as follows:

 To enable the ability to locate a vacant outdoor parking space with image
processing.
 To utilize a combination of line and edge detection methods, which are Hough
Line Transform and Canny Edge Detection.
Purpose of the Study

The success of this research can be beneficial to the following:

Vehicle Owners

Vehicle owners are privileged enough to experience transportation without the need of
waiting for passengers. This study offers car owners to experience, a parking availability
locator. It is less time-consuming and more convenient for self-driving car drivers.

Vehicle Industry

The designed algorithm will be implemented and integrated into different vehicles. This
improves cars’ parking capabilities, wherein, the marketability and competitiveness of
the vehicle industry will enhance.
Camera Technology Industry

The integration of camera with cars for parking purposes can lead to new opportunities
for the camera technology industry, giving rise to the development of specialized
camera systems and services.

General Public

The study has the potential to improve overall road safety by reducing accidents caused
by human error during parking maneuvers. It can also make parking easier and less
time-consuming for the public using self-driving car services.

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses solely on creating an algorithm for 360 degrees camera to assist
vehicles in parking areas. This study will not cover other factors that might affect the
performance of the camera, such as the condition of the weather and the camera’s
hardware.

Definition of Terms

The following are the significant terms utilized in this study:

Algorithm: a step-by-step procedure or set of instructions embedded to the drone that

is designed to assist self-driving cars for autonomous parking.

Communication system: refers to the communication between the drone and self-
driving vehicle.

Camera: a device that will be used to capture and record the parking area

Queueing/waiting: the process of vehicles waiting in line or queue to access a parking

space, often leading to time delays and increased stress for drivers.

Vehicles: Engine powered used for transportation.