MICT For 4thclass Week 2 - 0

Maritime Information &
Communication
Technology with Cyber
Security (MICT)
By: Drick L. Moñiza

MAIN TOPICS
• 8 Interrelated Sections:
1. Types and components of computer systems
2. Input and output devices
3. Storage devices and media
4. Computer networks
5. Data types
6. The effects of using ICT
7. The ways in which ICT is used
8. Systems analysis and design
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CPU vs. GPU
• CPU is a general-purpose processor that
is designed to handle a wide range of
distinct tasks sequentially.
• While the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
is a throughput-optimized specialized
processor designed for high-end parallel
computing/processing & it is used in a
wide range of applications, including
graphics & video rendering.
CPU vs. GPU
• GPU is developed to accelerate specific
3D rendering tasks.
• GPU is a specialized processor dedicated
to graphics processing tasks, thus making
it much more efficient than the CPU
because if handles most of the workload
when it comes to in-game graphics. (

Types and components of
computer systems
• Backing Storage
– A storage device is used to store programs
and data when the processor is turned off.
• Example: Hard disk drive (HDD)
• It is also considered as the secondary storage
device or external storage.
• (compare data & information)
– Data is used to describe numbers, words and anything
else that has not yet been processed.
– Information describes the outcomes from a process (it is
the result or the product of a process)
computer systems
• Backing Storage
– Example of Data and Information
• In the sum of 2 + 3 = 5; the 2 and 3 are the data,
and 5 is the information.
– That is why computers are used to accept and
process data where a component from the
CPU, that is the ALU or the CU, is
responsible.

computer systems
• Operating Systems
– The operating system is the set of programs
that do all the things needed to make a
computer work.
– User Interfaces
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Command-line Interface (CLI)

computer systems
• Types of Computers & their development
over time
– Mainframe
• It is a large computer used by companies, banks,
universities, and industries where terminals (dumb
terminals) are connected.
– Personal Computer (PC)
• It is also called “Desktop Computer.”
• It is called “personal” because they belonged to and were
controlled by a person rather than a large company.
computer systems
• Types of Computers & their
development over time
– Laptop
• It is a portable type of a computer which you can
carry anywhere and has its own power supply
(battery) and screen.
• It has the same hardware as a PC
– Netbook
• It is a small, usually cheap, less powerful laptops
which is used mainly to browse the Internet.
computer systems
• Types of Computers & their
development over time
– Palmtop
• It is also referred to as “Pocket PC” which uses a
stylus to operate symbols including a keyboard on
a screen.
– Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
– Smartphones

2. INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
• Overview

• Overview
– Different Types of Input Devices
– Different Methods of Input
• Remember that:
➢ Input devices are used to enter or put data into the
computer.
➢ Processor will do processes like sorting, comparing,
calculating, concatenating, and etc. with the data entered
into the computer using input devices.
➢ Output devices will display the result of the processing
➢ Backing storage will keep all the data and software used

• Overview
Processor
Input Device Output Device
(main memory)
Storage
Device

• Input Methods and Devices
– A method is an established, habitual, logical,
or prescribed practice or systematic process
of achieving certain ends with accuracy and
efficiency, usually in an ordered sequence of
fixed steps.
– Different Methods of Input:
• Manual Input method
• Direct Input method
• Automatic Input method
– Manual Input Method
• It is a method used by people to enter data using
devices such as keyboards, pointing devices,
cameras, scanners, remote controls, musical
keyboards and microphones.
– Direct Input Method
• It is a method used by people to enter data using
devices such as barcode readers, MICR, OMR,
OCR, magnetic stripe readers and chip readers.

– Automatic Input Method
• It is a method where data are entered
automatically without human intervention using
sensors like temperature sensors, pressure
sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, and anti-
theft sensors.

• Input Devices
– Keyboards and Keypads
• These are devices used to enter fixed values, often
characters into the computer system.
• Types of Keyboard:
1. QWERTY keyboard
2. Concept keyboard
3. Numeric keypad

• Input Devices
• QWERTY Keyboard
– It is a common type of keyboard used to type letters,
numbers, punctuations or symbols into a computer.
– Commonly used at home, offices, companies, schools,
libraries and others.
• Concept Keyboard
– It is a type of a keyboard commonly use in restaurants
and fast food chains where each key represents an item
(food or drink) and its price.

• Input Devices
• Numeric Keypad
– It is primarily used to enter numeric values where each
key represents a digit from 0 to 9.
– It is commonly used to enter PIN numbers in ATM
machines, credit card numbers and other numeric data
input.

• Input Devices
– Pointing Devices
• Mouse is a device that allows the user to move the
pointer on the screen and to make choices by
clicking buttons on the body of the mouse.
• Different mouse manipulations:
a) Left click
b) Right click
c) Double left clicks
d) Click, drag & drop
e) Roller (scroll up & down, scroll lock)
• Input Devices
– Pointing Device
• Different types of mouse:
a) Mechanical mouse
b) Optical mouse
c) Wireless mouse
d) Trackerball
• Different types of pointing devices:
a) Mouse d) Touchscreen g) Light pen
b) Touchpad e) Graphics tablet
c) Joystick f) Stylus
• Home Work #1: (30 April 2014)
– Answer the questions #4a, #4b, and #5 on
page no.15 of your ICT Textbook.

• Input Devices
– Pointing Device
• Touchpad
– It is a flat area next to the keyboard of a laptop which is
used as a pointing device like that of a mouse.
– Unlike the mouse, touchpad moves the pointer on the
screen by simply touching and sliding through surface
with the finger and tap on the pad to select an item or to
execute or run an application.

• Input Devices
– Pointing Device
• Trackerball
– It is actually an upside-down mechanical mouse which is
stationery in nature and does not need a flat surface to
be moved around.
• Joystick
– It is a pointing device primarily used for games,
simulations, or controlling some movements of an object.

• Input Devices
– Pointing Device
• Touchscreen
– It is an input device to which the user simply touches the
screen to select an object and execute task
• Graphics Tablet
– It is a very large touchpad that senses the movement of
an object like the stylus moving over its surface.
– Unlike a mouse or a touchpad, there is no need to move
the pointer across the screen by dragging it because it
moves straight to where the user touches the tables with
its stylus.
• Input Devices
– Pointing Device
• Graphics Tablet
– Stylus is a plastic pen-shaped pointing device.
• Light Pen
– It is an input device that can be used for “drawing”
directly on to a CRT screen.

• Input Devices
– Scanners & Cameras
• What is the difference between a photocopier and
a scanner?
– You lay a page or photo on a copier - it copies and prints
whatever you put on it. You lay a page or photo on a
scanner - it copies the item and sends it to your
computer. You can use software to make it look better or
resize the image. When you are ready to print it, you
send it to your printer. A scanner doesn't print.

• Input Devices
– Scanners & Cameras
• Different kinds of scanners
a) Image Scanner (e.g. Flat bed scanners)
b) Barcode reader
c) Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
d) Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
e) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
f) Magnetic Stripe Reader
g) Chip-and-PIN Reader

Image Scanners

Barcode Readers

Optical Character Recognition

Optical Mark Recognition

Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR)

Magnetic Stripe Readers

Chip-and-PIN Readers

• Input Devices
– Image Scanner
• It is a device that shines light at a drawing, a
photograph or even a document, creating an
image that can be stored in a computer.
– Barcode Reader
• A barcode is a set of short parallel lines, thick,

medium or thin lines which represents numeric
values from 0 to 9.
Storage Devices
• Primary Storage / Main Memory
– Cache memory
• It is a small-sized type of volatile computer
memory that provides high speed data access to a
processor and stores frequently used computer
programs, applications and data.
• It is the fastest memory available and acts as a
buffer between RAM and the CPU.

Storage Devices
– RAM & ROM
• Random Access Memory (RAM) is considered as
a volatile type of memory storage and it is
essentially a short term memory (temporary) where
data is stored temporarily, meaning, as soon as
you switch off the power of your computer all the
data stored will be gone also.
– It is a fast temporary memory which loses its contents
when the power is turned off.

Storage Devices
– RAM & ROM
• Read Only Memory (ROM) is a non volatile
memory that permanently stores instructions for
your computer.
• Meaning, that even if you turned off the power of
your computer anything stored in the ROM will
remain intact. You cannot add or remove anything
from a ROM.

Storage Devices
– RAM & ROM in summary
• A ROM chip is a non-volatile storage medium
which means it does not require a constant source
of power to retain the information stored on it. By
contrast, a RAM chip is volatile, which means it
loses any information it is holding when the power
is turned off. Essentially, ROM is used for
permanent storage, and RAM is for temporary
storage.

Storage Devices
– Uses of ROM & RAM
• A ROM is used primarily in the startup process of a
computer like for example, ROM chip is often used
to store the BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
program on the motherboard, while the RAM chip
temporarily stores files in use on a computer, like a
document you’re writing, an image you’re editing,
or data for a game you’re playing with.

Storage Devices
– ROM & RAM in comparison
ROM RAM
Data & program instructions are Data & program instructions are
stored permanently stored temporarily.
The computer can only read the Can read contents as well as
contents write new contents
Non-volatile, meaning the Volatile, meaning the contents
contents of memory are retained are lost when there is no power
when there is no power
Used to store the BIOS program Used to temporarily stores data &
use to boot the computer up program instructions while the
when the power is turned on power is on.

Storage Devices
• Secondary Storage / Backing Storage
– Sometimes called auxiliary storage and it is
also a non-volatile storage device used to
store date and programs for later retrieval and
program execution.
– Example:
• HDD
• SSD
• Pendrive / thumbdrive
• CD / DVD / Floppy diskette / micro diskette / zip
diskette
Storage Devices
– 3 main types of data storage according to
each accessibility and location:
• Cloud-based
➢ It is simply an offsite computing that holds your data for
you to access anytime, anywhere. The idea of cloud
computing is in the for of an “intergalactic computer
network.” Benefits of a cloud-based computing include:
✓ Flexibility
✓ Disaster recovery
✓ Automatic Software updates
✓ Increased collaboration
✓ “Pay-as-you-go” affordable pricing structure
Storage Devices
– 3 main types of data storage according to
each accessibility and location:
• Server-based
➢ Also known as “Hyper-convergence” storage is data
stored within individual servers at a data
center/warehouse, typically on your business site.
• Traditional Storage System
➢ It is commonly used as a backup method for the cloud.
Key benefits include:
✓ Affordability
✓ Faster data access time / Scalability

Storage Devices
– Storage medium & its capacity:
Storage medium Min/Typical Maximum Capacity
Capacity
Magnetic HDD 1TB Around 16TB
Solid-State Drive 256 GB Around 8TB
CD Standard 700MB -
DVD Standard 4.7GB Dual layer 8.5 GB
Double-sided 9.4 GB

Storage Devices
– Storage capacity according to each size:
Capacity in name Capacity in size
Byte 8 bits (Binary digits) = character
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1024 Kilobyte
Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Megabyte
Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabyte

Storage Devices
– Conversions:
• How many bytes in a 1.8 KB?
– Tips:
• If the given unit of measurement is bigger/higher
that what is being ask, then multiplication operation
will be used, otherwise division operation instead.
• Example:
• 1.8 x 1024 = 1843.2 bytes (remember that 1KB is
1024 bytes)

Storage Devices
– Conversions:
• How many Kilobytes in a 1843.2 bytes?
– Tips:
• If the given unit of measurement is bigger/higher
that what is being ask, then multiplication operation
will be used, otherwise division operation instead.
• Example:
• 1843.2 bytes / 1024 = 1.8KB (remember that 1KB
is 1024 bytes)

Storage Devices
– A character is an 8-bit code
• In the ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange )Standard every character
is coded with Number Systems like Decimal,
Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal codes like for
example:
Character Decimal Binary Hex
A 65 1000001 41
a 97 1100001 61
Ñ 165 10100101 A5
ñ 164 10100100 A4

Storage Devices
– Types of Characters
• Numeric characters (0-9)
• Alphabetic characters (A-Z / a – z)
• Special Characters (@,#,?, ! & etc)
– Note that there are 255 characters in the
ASCII code table.
– So if numeric characters are 10 plus
alphabetic (uppercase & lowercase)
characters are 52, therefore there are 193
special characters.
Storage Devices
• Number Systems
a) Decimal number (deca means 10) – it has
a base or a radix number of 10 & it is a
normal number which accepts numbers from
0-9 (dec)
b) Binary number (bi means 2) – it has a base
or a radix number of 2 & it accept numbers 1
& 0. (bin)
c) Octal number – is the base 8 number sytem
& uses 0 to 7.

Storage Devices
• Number Systems
a) Hexadecimal number (deca means 10 &
hexa mean 6) – is a base 16 number system
& uses numbers 0-9 and A-F in which A=10,
B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15

Storage Devices
• Number Systems Conversions
a) Dec to Bin Conversion
✓ Rule: Decimal to Binary conversion is to perform
a series of division by 2 in which you divide the
given decimal number by 2 (base number of
Binary) until such decimal number cannot be
divided by 2. Extract every remainder in each
instance of division until it the division stops.
From bottom to top extract all the remainders to
get your binary equivalent.

Storage Devices
a) Dec to Bin Conversion
✓ Example: Given A = 6510, what is the binary
equivalent of it?
✓ Solution: Answer: 10000012
2 65 r–1
32
2 r–0
2 16 r–0
2 8 r–0
2 4 r–0
2 2 r–0
1

Storage Devices
a) Bin to Dec Conversion
✓ Rule: Multiply each binary digit from right to left
by the powers of 2
✓ Example (Long method): 10000012 = 1 * 20 + 0 *
21 + 0 * 22 + 0 * 23 + 0 * 24 + 0 * 25 + 1 * 26
✓ = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 64
✓ = 6510
✓ Example (short method) using the powers of 2:
✓ 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (cancel out all 0’s)
✓ 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 64 + 1 = 6510
Storage Devices
a) Dec to Oct Conversion
✓ Rule: Decimal to Octal conversion is to perform
a series of division by 8 in which you divide the
given decimal number by 8 (base number of
Octal) until such decimal number cannot be
divided by 8. Extract every remainder in each
instance of division until it the division stops.
From bottom to top extract all the remainders to
get your octal equivalent. Note: There should be
no remainder of 8!

Storage Devices
a) Dec to Oct Conversion
✓ Example: Given A = 6510, what is the octal
equivalent of it?
✓ Solution: Answer: 1018
8 65 r–1
8 8 r–0
1

Storage Devices
a) Oct to Dec Conversion
✓ Rule: Multiply each octal digit from right to left by
the powers of 8
✓ Example (Long method): 1018 = 1 * 80 + 0 * 81 + 1
* 82
✓ = 1 + 0 + 64
✓ = 6510
✓ Example (short method) using the powers of 8:
✓ 64 8 1 (cancel out all 0’s)
✓ 1 0 1 = 64 + 1 = 6510
Storage Devices
a) Dec to Hex Conversion
✓ Rule: Decimal to Hexadecimal conversion is to
perform a series of division by 16 in which you
divide the given decimal number by 16 (base
number of Hexadecimal) until such decimal
number cannot be divided by 16. Extract every
remainder in each instance of division until it the
division stops. From bottom to top extract all the
remainders to get your octal equivalent. Note:
There should be no remainder of 16!

Storage Devices
a) Dec to Hex Conversion
✓ Example: Given A = 17510, what is the
Hexadecimal equivalent of it?
✓ Solution: Answer: AF16
16 175 r – 15 (F)
10 (A)
1

Storage Devices
a) Hex to Dec Conversion
✓ Rule: Multiply each Hexadecimal digit from right
to left by the powers of 16
✓ Example: AF16 = 15 * 160 + 10 * 161
✓ = 15 + 160
✓ = 17510

Storage Devices
a) Bin to Oct Conversion
✓ Note: Octal number is a 3-bit equivalent as 111 is
7 (4+2+1 = 7 is the highest number an octal will
accept)
✓ Rule: From right to left, group the binary digits by
3 bits and get the 4 2 1 powers of 2)
✓ Example: 1101111011 = 15738
1 5 7 3

Storage Devices
a) Oct to Bin Conversion
✓ Example: 1 5 7 38
001 101 111 011

✓ Answer: 001101111011 or 1101111011

Storage Devices
a) Bin to Hex Conversion
✓ Note: Hexadecimal number is a 4-bit equivalent
as 1111 is 15 (8+4+2+1 = 15/F is the highest
number hexadecimal will accept)
✓ Rule: From right to left, group the binary digits by
4 bits and get the 8 4 2 1 powers of 2)
✓ Example: 1101111011 = 37B16
3 7 11(B)

Storage Devices
a) Hex to Bin Conversion
✓ Example: 3 7 B16
0011 0111 1011

✓ Answer: 001101111011 or 1101111011

MICT For 4thclass Week 2 - 0

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Maritime Information &

By: Drick L. Moñiza

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• A barcode is a set of short parallel lines, thick,

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001 101 111 011

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0011 0111 1011

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