Lesson Outlines: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;

 Explain what ‘ICT’ acronym stands for

Week 1  Explain what ICT system is

 List and explain each types of ICT system:
Information and  Information systems
Communication  Control systems
Technology  Communications systems
Communication Systems
 Broadcasting
(W)
 Data Networks
 Telecommunications
  ICT stands for “Information and Communication Technology”.

ICT Information
 Is a setup consisting of hardware, software, data, internet and the
and
people who use them.
Communication
Technology ICT and computers are not the same thing.
&
ICT Systems While computers refers to the hardware that are often part of an ICT
system, ICT itself refers to all the technologies/devices (internet,
wireless networks, cell phones, etc) used to provide access to
information through telecommunications.
  ICT systems are used in a number of environments, such as:
 Offices
 Shops
 Factories
Uses of  Aircraft
 Ships
ICT System  Communications
 Medicine
 Farming
 etc.
  By using ICT systems we are:
The  more productive - we can complete a greater number of tasks in the
same time at reduced cost by using computers than we could prior to
Importance of their invention
 able to deal with vast amounts of information and process it quickly
ICT systems  able to transmit and receive information rapidly
 ..and so much more
 1. Information systems
 This type of ICT system is focused on managing data and information. Examples of these are a sports club
membership system or a supermarket stock system.
 Components of Information Systems
 Hardware
 Software
 Databases
 Network
 Procedures

Types of ICT  Examples of Information System

 Global Positioning system
system 

Data Processing System
Transaction Processing Systems
 Management Information System
 Decision Support Systems
 Sports Club Membership System
 Supermarket Stock Control System
 Hospital Management System
 Learning Management System (LMS) - (Open Source) - e.g. Moodle, Chamilo, Open edX, Totara Learn,
Canvas, etc.
 Dowen College Learning Management System
 Learning Management System (LMS) – (Cloud-Based) - Docebo, Adobe Captivate Prime, TalentLMS, SAP
Litmos LMS, LearnUpon LMS, Inquisiq LMS, LearningPool, Mindflash, Absorb LMS, iSpring Learn, Looop,
LearnAmp, GnosisConnect, Coassemble, Effectus LMS, Tovuti, Growth Engineering's Academy LMS, Skillcast
LMS, CoreAchieve
 2. Control Systems
 These ICT systems mainly control machines. They use input, process
and output, but the output may be moving a robot arm to weld a
car chassis rather than information.
 Basically two types of control system exist:
Types of ICT  Open Loop System (where the control action is totally independent of
output of the system. Manual system are mainly open loop system.
system …  E.g. automatic washing machine, bread toaster, electric hand dryer, etc.)
 Closed Loop System (here the output has an effect on the input
quantity in such a manner that the input quantity will adjust itself
based on the output generated. Open loop system can be converted in
to closed loop system by providing a feedback).
 E.g. Automatic Electric Iron, voltage stabilizer, water level controller, an air
conditioner, central heating system, etc.
 3. Communication systems
 Is a system that enables the successful transmission of idea or any other important
information from the sender to the receiver.
 Types of communication system
1. Optical Communication System – here, light helps in the transmission of
information. In this mode, light travels through the optical fibre.
 E.g. Helicopters and aeroplanes use this principle for landing. The pilots receive light
signals from the base and decide their next movements.
 On the roads, red light communicates the individual to immediately stop while the
individual moves on seeing the green light.
2. Radio Communication System – here, information flows with the help of a radio
waves. A transmitter (generates the signal) and a receiver (receives the signal) both
equipped with an antenna enables proper communication.
Types of ICT 3. Duplex communications system – in this type, two devices can communicate with
each other simultaneously/at the same time (in both directions).
system …  When two people are interacting, both of them can listen to each other at the same
time. The sender sends the signals to the receiver who receives it then and there and
also give his valuable feedback to the speaker for him to respond.
4. Simplex communication system – here, two devices can communicate but the
sender is in charge of sending signals and the recipients only listen to it and
respond accordingly.
5. Half Duplex Communication System - both the two parties can’t communicate
simultaneously. The sender has to stop sending the signals to the recipient and then
only the recipient can respond.
 A walkie talkie works on the half duplex communication system. The personnel while
interacting has to say “Over” for the other person to respond. He needs to speak the
security code correctly for the other person to speak. The other party will never
communicate unless and until the code is correct and complete.
6. Tactical Communication System - communication varies according to the
changes in the environmental conditions and other situations.
 4. Broadcasting
 is to communicate or transmit or distribute signal, audio or video
Types of ICT contents to a dispersed audience through a communication medium
system … such as radio, television, etc.
 a radio station that broadcasts news;
 an agency broadcasting an appeal for donations over the internet.
 1. Radio broadcasting – is an audio (sound) broadcasting service
through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna
and to the receiving device.
Broadcasting by radio maybe through AM (Amplitude Modulation)
or FM (Frequency Modulation) stations, Short Wave (SW)
Types of 2. Television broadcasting – is the transmission of audio and video by
broadcasting digital signals with varying amplitude or frequency.
Broadcasting on TV is either through VHF (Very-High Frequency) or
UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)
3. Satellite TV broadcasting – is a form of transmission that sends
television signals directly to the home of viewers. This signals are
usually received by a satellite dish. The dish is the outdoor antenna.
 5. Data Networks
 Is an electronic communication system that allows the transmission
and reception of data such as letters, documents, etc.

Types of ICT  Types of data Networks:

system …  PAN – Private Area Network – i.e. xender, bluetooth
 LAN – Local Area Network – small office/home – 2 or more
computers
 MAN – Metropolitan Area Network – between Lekki and Ikoyi
 WAN – Wide Area Network – states/countries
 Internet – International Network
 6. Telecommunications
Telecommunications also called telecom refers to the exchange of
information by electronic and electrical means over a significant distance
and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission.
Types of ICT Here, data is transmitted in the form of electrical signals known as carrier
waves, which are modulated into analog or digital signals for transmitting
system … information. Analog modulation such as that used in radio broadcasting is
an amplitude modulation. Digital modulation is just an updated form of
this.

A complete telecommunication arrangement is made up of two or more

stations equipped with transmitter and receiver devices.
  telephones (wired and wireless)
Telegraph
 radio and television broadcasting
Types of  microwave communications
telecommunication fiber optics
Satellites
Fax
 the Internet - E-mail, Instant messaging, Videoconferencing, VoIP
OBJECTIVES
1. ICT means______ (a) Information Technology (b) Information
Communication Technology (c) Information and Communicating
Technology (d) Information and Communication Technology
  What is the full meaning of ICT?
 Mention 4 types of ICT
 List the types of broadcasting and explain 2.
Evaluation  State 5 types of communication systems.
 List and explain any three types of data networks.
 Mention any 2 information system.
 Lesson Outlines
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
 Explain the following areas of application of ICT;
 Teleconferencing
 Video conferencing
 Telecommuting
Week 1 – cont. 

Telecomputing
Messaging
 Information search, retrieval and archival.

Application  List ICT based gadgets and their operations

Areas -Mobile phones
-Computers
-Fax machines
of ICT (W) -Automated Teller Machines(ATM)
-Dispensing machines
-Point of Sale Machines
- Automated Cash Register(ACR)
-Radio sets
-Television sets, etc.
 Operate ICT based gadgets.
Application
Areas of ICT
 ICT has turned this world to a global village. Apart from communication,
that is, reaching people both far and near; it has also made the work
easier and better. Better productivity, salaries, health care and even
farming and education.

Sectors where ICT has played major role

ICT  Education
Application  Banking

in  Industry
 Commerce
Everyday Life
 Public Sector Management
 Health
 Agriculture and Food Security
 etc
Benefits of ICT on the Society
 Faster communication speed.
 Lower communication cost.
 Reliable mode of communication.
 Effective sharing of information.
 Borderless communication.
 Etc.

Negative Effects of ICT

 Insecurity of data
 Fraud
 Unemployment
 Virus threat
 Cost of setting up ICT gadgets
 etc
  Is a meeting conducted by use of telephones/cell phones without
requiring attendees to be physically present in the same physical area.
 It can be in form of live-voice communication or voice messages or data
and graphics over a telephone
 Teleconferences are usually of a business nature and may require a
facilitator or party leader to lead the meeting. They are useful for
companies operating in multiple locations or in various countries where
not all members can be physically present in the same location.
1. Teleconferencing
  Video-conferencing is a system that allows people to have video
conversations and meetings with other people in different locations,
but without leaving their office. It involves people sitting in front of a
camera and a microphone, whilst watching other people of a screen and
listening to them through loudspeakers.

2. Video Conferencing The system uses the following hardware:

 Video cameras/web cameras
 Monitor
 Microphone
 Sound cards
 Loudspeakers
 High-speed network/Internet connection
 Advantages Disadvantages
 saves travelling time to other cities/countries  Takes time to train employees
 saves travelling expenses
 Difficult to call international meetings
 do not have to pay for conference room because of time differences
 do not have to pay employee travelling  Initial cost of hardware
expenses
 Equipment can break down
 do not have to pay for hotel
Pros and cons of  rooms/overnight stays
 Strength of signal/bandwidth can be
a problem/connection can be lost/
 conferences/meeting can be called at short 
video conference notices power cuts
 do not have to carry bulky  Loss of personal/social contact
documents/equipment around
 Takes time for workers to learn new
 Workers can use own office so documents do technology
not get lost in transit/bulky
 Can’t sign documents
 Employees can work from home
 Might be dangerous to fly/travel
 Disabled people may find it easy to adapt
 Telecommuting - (aka working from home, or e-commuting) is a work arrangement in which the employee works
outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home (including coffee shops, libraries, and
various other locations).
Benefits of Telecommuting
 It allows a worker greater freedom regarding his or her work hours and work location.
 It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations.
 Often, working from home can make one more productive, because you do not have the distractions of an
office space.
 It also benefits the company. It saves them money in office expenses.

3. Telecommuting  Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the
company, etc
Drawbacks of Telecommuting
 One may get easily distracted from duties
 One also need to find a productive place to do work, such as a home office or coffee shop.
 It can be a bit isolating, because one may not around his co-workers, etc

Jobs That Allow Telecommuting - Many industries offer telecommuting jobs. Some of these industries include;
sales, customer service, marketing. Many jobs in technology (including computer and software programming),
Some medical jobs, including health claims analysts and even some radiologists, have begun to work from
home.
 Also called computing. Is the control of one or more computer systems by another, which is at a
different location. Each of these computers has remote access software installed, and one or all computers
may have control abilities. All computers usually have the same information displayed at any given time.
It utilises a large network such that distant users can communicate with each other
Software used for telecomputing:
 TeamViewer
 ezTalks Meetings
 Skype
 ClickMeeting
 Slack
4. Telecomputing  etc
 Messaging (also called electronic messaging) is the creation, storage, exchange,
and management of text, images, voice, videos, etc over a communications
network.

This is made possible with the use of computer, telephone, television cable, etc.
Some messaging apps:
 Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp Messenger, WeChat, Line, Viber, Telegram
5. Messaging Messenger, Kakaotalk, IMO, Skype, Snapchat, KIK

 Conclusion
The messaging apps have become an important aspect of our daily lives. They
help us to keep in touch with people who are close or in different geographical
locations. The apps have features that make communication interesting beyond
the regular messaging services. Users can share photos, make voice calls and
video calls too. The apps have different additional feature giving the user
different looks and tastes.
  This is basically an arrangement of ICT technologies such as internet,
networks, databases and many others to establish connections,
control information flow from one part of the network to another,
store information and so much more
6. Telecommunications
and
networking
7. Information search  This is the system of searching for documents or information in
documents. Documents can be text or multimedia, and may reside on
and retrieval the web (using search engines such as google, yahoo, ask, bing, etc)
  A gadget is a small technological device or an appliance that has a
particular function.
ICT Based  ICT Based gadgets are the devices used for Information and
gadgets Communication technology
 Examples of ICT gadgets include Computer, Automated teller
machine (ATM), Dispensing machine, Radio sets, Television set, Fax
machine, Telephone, GSM, etc.
  Define the term ICT.
 Mention some ICT gadgets.
 Explain the relevance of ICT in the music industry.
 What do you understand by saying “ICT has turned the whole world to a Global village”.
 List any five negative side of ICT.
 Mention areas where ICT has played key role.
 State three uses of ICT.
 List three ways ICT has assisted in the social development.

Evaluation OBJECTIVES
1. The following are disadvantages of ICT except A. Fraud B. Virus C. Faster communication
2. ICT has turned the whole world into a ___ A. global village B. Galaxy C. Universe
3. The production of goods with or without human intervention using computer is known as ___ (a)
Automation (b) AI (c) Expert system
4. E-commerce stands for ___ (a) electric commerce (b) electronic commerce (c) electrical commerce.
5. ATM means __ (a) Automatic Teller Machine (b) Automated Teller Machine (c) Auto Teller Machine
6. Which of the following is not an advantage of satellite communication?
(a) Higher bandwidths are available for use (b) Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up (c)
Satellite to satellite communication is very precise (d) The coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds that of
a terrestrial system (e) Transmission cost of a satellite is independent of the distance from the centre of the
coverage area.
(a) What is ICT?
(b) Mention four benefits of ICT.
Answer
(a) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the convergence
and use of digital and communication technologies for the purpose of
manipulating, transmitting, storing, accessing and retrieving information.
(b) Four benefits of ICT (any four):
 Timely, better and cheaper access to knowledge and information.
 Speeds up transactions and processes.
 Causes people to interact with each other in a new and better ways.
 Distance becomes irrelevant in business transaction and dealings, since
the world is now a global village through the use of Internet.
 There is a better and innovative ways of interaction - facebook, twitter,
chatting, sending and receiving mails etc
SECTION A: Application areas of ICT
1. There are several ways in which members of an organisation can organise meetings. These
include video-, audio- or web-conferencing.
The organisation has a computer network which is connected to the internet. The router contains a
firewall.
Explain why a firewall is needed.
..................................................................................................................................................
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Answer
Four from:
It is needed for network security
It controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic.
A firewall establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure internal network and the Internet
It logs incoming and outgoing traffic
It stops malicious traffic
It prevents computers connecting to unwanted sites
It prevents untrusted/unrecognised computers accessing data on the system