Understanding

Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Cultural Relativism in Attaining Cultural Un

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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Cultural Relativism in Attaining Cultural Understanding
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronilo AJ K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ricky M. Mempin
Editors: Edgene L. Castillo
Ann Christian A. Francisco
Reviewers: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD
Christian C. Linsangan
Illustrator: Cristoni A. Macaraeg
Layout Artists: Agnes P. Baluyot
Jonathan Paranada
Ryan Pastor
Management Team:
Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD
Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Ramil G. Ilustre, PhD.
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III

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 Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Cultural Relativism in Attaining
Cultural Understanding

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics/ Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Modules on the Relativism in Attaining Cultural
Understanding!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learners:

This module will let you know about the explanation of the importance of
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. It will help you understand
and analyze the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding.

This module is designed to provide fun and meaningful opportunities for

guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.

You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

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 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s New link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as
What is It a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
What’s More an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
What I Have Learned and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
Answer Key retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
the module.

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 At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you analyze the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding. The scope of this module permits it to be used in different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

This module is composed of one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Viewing Other Culture

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. demonstrate understanding of the uniqueness of each society and
culture;
2. value cultural heritage and express pride of place without being
ethnocentric;
3. become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates
ethnocentrism; and
4. identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and the threats to
these.

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 What I Know

COMPLETE THE TABLE: Find the words from the box that fit the descriptions
given. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Ideal Culture Ethnocentrism Direct Change Culture shock

Cultural
Real culture Culture Xenocentrism
relativism
Counterculture Acculturation Society Cultural diversity
Cultural
Subculture Cultural universal Assimilation
integration

It is a culture with values and mores that run counter

1.
to those of established society.
These are the values and norms that a culture claims
2.
to have.
It is an ethnic, regional, economic or social group
exhibiting characteristics patterns of behavior
3.
sufficient to distinguish it from other culture within an
embracing culture or society.
This is the process of change in artifacts, customs,
4. and beliefs that results from the contact of two or
more cultures.
It includes the values and norms that are actually
5.
followed by a culture.
It is a social construct that is sometimes used
6.
interchangeably with society.
It pertains to the belief that one’s native culture is
7.
superior to or the most natural among other cultures.
It requires an open mind and enthusiasm to adapt to
8.
new cultures.
9. It is a belief that one culture is inferior to another.
It is a group of people bound together in a more or less
10.
permanent association organized for collective activity.
It occurs when cultural traits are logically consistent
11.
with one another, or simply neutral to another.
It occurs when one group establishes dominance over
12.
another through military conquest or political control.

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 It is essential to note that all cultures share patterns
13. or traits that are quite common to all societies across
the globe.
It happens when a person does not expect or accept
14.
cultural differences.
It is a foreign culture which does not necessarily make
15.
you disloyal or less nationalistic to your home country.

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Lesson Viewing Others Culture
1
The world is composed of many
societies with different cultures. For a
human being, it is just natural to view
other cultures and compare them with his/
her own. Generally, a person uses two
orientations in viewing other cultures.
Abulencia & Parernal (2016).

What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about
culture, which is the focus of our discussion. A society is understood or sometimes
judged based on their culture. What comprises a culture? Let us refresh our mind
by answering the matching type test below.

Column A Column B
1. Family is the most important unit of this aspect a. Arts and Literature
of culture. b. Customs and Tradition
2. It usually answer basic questions about the c. Economic System
meaning of life. d. Forms of
Government
3. This is considered the cornerstone of culture. e. Language
4. It is the way of communicating and f. Religion
5. Understanding each other. g. Social Organization
6. These products of human imagination usually
help people to pass on their culture’s basic
beliefs.
7. It maintains order within a society and protects
it from outside threats.

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 Notes to the Teacher
This Alternative Delivery Mode has been developed to help you facilitate the learners in understandi

What’s New

Pandemic Alert!

Empowering Community

According to In Touch Community Services Providing Counseling in the

Philippines (2020). The fear, anxiety, grief and worry during and after a stressful
situation can be overwhelming to people and the community. But out of crisis
comes an outpouring of response to provide support for mental and well-being of
those who are vulnerable and people in the front-lines during and after the COVID-
19 outbreak.

It is hard to fight a battle when you cannot see the enemy. This is what
makes everything so hard in this crisis we face. The lawmakers are lost with what
to do. It’s a hit & miss situation when it comes to implementing guidelines. But
there are so many people affected with the loss of jobs, the inability to earn a living,
dependence in government subsidy and resources, which is so finite and scarce. So
the vulnerable population has grown even more vulnerable and now, even the
middle class are affected. As a humanitarian responder, I know I have to do
something and I know I can do more. Quarantine is not a hindrance.

What gives you hope: My faith in God keeps me going. I know that I have
a God greater than all of these elements put together. My love for Him inspires and
pushes me to do my work and do this for others.

Believing also in the strength of local communities and partners gives me

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hope. Knowing that they are also willing to be part of the solution. Helping the duty
bearers by sharing the feedback of the vulnerable sectors.
The idea of being able to help means I am able to affect others too. I feel good
and I am able to breathe better knowing I can continue to help as much as I can.

My advice: Keep hope alive. Patuloy na ipakalat ang pag-asa!

H – Hope in love for others

O – Offer whatever help you can give
P – Provide exhortation to my fellow humanitarian worker
E – Encourage innovative solutions

Essay. Read the statement below and then discuss your answer. Write your essay
on a separate sheet of paper.

Describe how culture affects the way of living of people in a society during
pandemic.

Rubric:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Most of the Some of the
Organization All ideas were Ideas were
ideas were ideas are
and clarity organized and unorganized
organized and organized and
of thought clearly and not clearly
clearly clearly
(30%) articulated articulated
articulated articulated
Reflections/
Most of the Some of the
realizations Realizations
Depth (50%) realizations realizations
were all were shallow
were profound were profound
profound
One to three Four to six More than 7
No grammatical
grammatical grammatical grammatical
Grammar error and no
errors and errors and errors and
and spelling misspelled
misspelled misspelled misspelled
word
words words words

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 What is It

All cultures in the world project similarities.

Sociologists enumerate an extensive list of these similarities
such as speech, language, art, cooking, eating, courting and
a host of other. (Abulencia & Parernal 2016)

Acording to Banks et al. (2016) their are Four Primary Causes of Cultural
Similarities

a. Biological Similarities - this means that all people in the world have the
same biological needs, namely food, clothing, shelter and health care.

b. Necessary Pre-requisites for Social Being - society must fulfill some

requirements in order to function, such as replacing members, teaching new
members to participate and the need to have participation in production and
distribution.

c. Psychic Unity of Mankind - all human beings are alike in having similar
ranges of emotion - the need for love, security and language.

d. Geographical Environment - the geographical environment is characterized

by certain limitations such as limited food, limited source of energy, and other
delimiting factors of the people’s environment.

According to Abulencia & Parernal et al (2016). Every society in the world is

unique from one another. Everyone has his/her own cultural practices, values and
interests. Each culture has its distinct features and characteristics. This is socially
called cultural diversity. These differences in culture can be attributed to the
following factors:

a. Though men all over the world have the same biological needs, they differ in
ways in meeting them. Each culture adapts to its environment.

b. Differences in geographical characteristics like climate, topography or social

condition

c. The absence or presence of natural resources

Culture is a social construct that is sometimes used interchangeably with

society. Though these concepts are interrelated and interdependent since the
absence of one is also the absence of the other, the two are not the same.

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 According to Aguilar et al. (2016). A society is a group of people bound
together in a more or less permanent association organized for collective activity.
Moreover, it is made up of interacting individuals, using shared cultures. Horton
and Hunt define society as a relatively independent, self-perpetuating group of
human beings who occupy a territory, share a culture and have the most with their
associations within this group.

Culture is a system of shared behavior while a society is a group of people

who share a common culture. For instance, Filipinos are known for being
hospitable, a characteristic collective attributed to the Filipino people. (Abulencia &
Parernal, 2016)

According to Aguilar et al. (2016) Specific Forms of the Cultural Traits

may vary significantly from Society to Society

Cultural Traits Definition Example

 may be defined as a modified  the Cebuano in
culture within a larger culture Manila, the gay
practice by a society. Let us take , and military
the rock culture in music as an officers maybe
example. In general, rock music is a consider
culture observed in many societies subculture.
Subculture all over the globe.
 is an ethnic, regional, economic or
social group exhibiting
characteristics patterns of behavior
sufficient to distinguish it from
others within an embracing culture
or society.
 rebel groups are
 is a culture with values and mores
a good example
Counter- Culture that run counter to those of
in counter-
established society.
culture.

According to Aguilar et al. (2016) Cultural Integration occurs

when cultural traits are logically consistent with one another, or simply neutral to
another.

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 Advantages of Cultural Integration
 People of all cultures become used
to one another and learn more
about each other as individuals.
 People get to take pride in
themselves while also living with
people who may be different.
Disadvantages of Cultural Integration
 People have tended to stick with other
than their own culture when living in
situations of interactive cultural
differences.
 Culture may become blended and lost
in time. It’s important to have things
in common with people but we have to
own up for the history.

According to Erin Long-Crowell (2020). First, think again about the

gap between the values that people profess to have and the behavior that contradicts
it. This gap exists at a bigger level between ideal culture and real culture.

Ideal Culture Real Culture

 It includes the values and norms  It includes the values and norms that
that a culture claims to have. are actually followed by a culture.
 It involves an idealized,  It involves an adaptable value system
uncompromising value system that that is used mostly as a set of
dictates perfect behavior. guidelines for preferred behavior.
 Using ideal culture as a standard,  Right and wrong are separated, but
you are either right or wrong. Rules exceptions exist for pretty much
are black and white, with no gray everything.
areas and no exceptions.

According to Aguilar et al. (2016). Acculturation, the process of change

in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of two or
more cultures. The term is also used to refer to the results of such changes. Two
major types of acculturation, incorporation and directed change, may be
distinguished on the basis of the conditions under which cultural contact and
change take place.
Two Types of Acculturation

Incorporation Directed Change

 It refers to the free borrowing and
modification of cultural elements
and occurs when people of
different cultures maintain
contact as well as political and
 It occurs when one group establishes
dominance over another through
military conquest or political control;
thus, imperialism is the most
common precursor to directed

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 social self-determination. change.

According to Aguilar et al. (2016). Assimilation is a foreign culture which

does not necessarily make you disloyal or less nationalistic to your home country.
As a universal being or as global citizen as we call it now, we are and we must be
open to cultures different from ours and be interactive to any people in as much all
of us are citizens of the world.

According to Aguilar et al. (2016). Amalgamation of different cultures in the

globalized worldview all lumped together paving the way for redefining Filipino
cultural identity. How to preserve one’s cultural heritage amidst globalization is
now a challenge posed to each and every one of us.

Cultural Universals

According to (Baleña, 2016) More often than not, culture varies from one
society to another. However, it is essential to note that all cultures share patterns
or traits that are quite common to all societies across the globe. This is commonly
referred to as cultural universal. For instance, the use of language as medium of
communication is absolute among societies, whether traditional or modern one.
Though syntax and language structure are starkly different from each language,
spoken and written language has been the primary tool in articulating oneself.

George Murdock was acknowledged as the first of his contemporaries to

recognize the existence of cultural universal when he was studying kinship systems
in different parts of the world. He discovered that cultural universals often revolve
around basic human survival or around shared human experience.

Aside from language, the concept of personal names, celebration of births

and weddings and even exchange of jokes exemplify cultural universals. For
Murdock, humor is a universal way to release tensions and creates unity among
people ease tense situations.

Ethnocentrism

According to Abulencia & Parernal (2016). Ethnocentrism basically pertains

to the belief that one’s native culture is superior to or the most natural among
other cultures. An ethnocentric person sees and weighs another culture based
upon the values and standards of his/her own.

The word “ethnocentrism” was coined by American social scientist William

Sumner in 1906 to provide a technical term for viewing one’s ethnicity (ethno) in
the center of all cultures (centrism). It is a perception that arises from the fact that

1
cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently. Judging another culture
solely by the values and standard of one’s own culture.

Interestingly, many Filipinos also exhibit ethnocentrism toward non-Filipino

cultures. For instance, in most western culture, it is normal for a child to call
his/her parents by their first names. However, in the Philippine setting, this is rude.
Filipinos are accustomed to honoring and respecting their parents by calling them
Nanay, Tatay, Mama or Papa; and by using po and opo when talking to them. The
display or respect in two cultures are different. In this regard, many Filipinos tend
to be ethnocentric toward the western culture.

Highly appreciating one’s own culture is good for the oneness of a society
but criticizing or belittling another may cause conflict between two different
cultures.
There are even cases where a person imposes his/her own culture upon
another person with intentions to help him/her detach from what the former
thinks is an essentially inferior culture. This approach is known as cultural
imperialism, or to deliberate imposition of one’s cultural belief on another culture.
A perfect example of such is one motive of the Spaniards in colonizing the
Philippines.

In reality, everyone has a bit of ethnocentrism; it cannot be avoided. However

a highly ethnocentric person, when exposed to new cultures, may experience a
culture shock. He/she may find it difficult to adapt to the new cultures and may
feel severe confusion and disturbance. Culture shock happens when a person does
not expect or accept cultural differences. Many expats and foreign workers, like the
overseas Filipino workers experience culture shock on the first weeks or months in
their new environment.

Xenocentrism

According to (Aguilar, 2016). Xenocentrism has an opposite relative or the

belief that one culture is inferior to another. A xenocentric person usually has a
high regard for other cultures but disdains his/her own or is embarrassed by it.
Xenocentrism is evident in many Filipino, especially those who are influenced by
other cultures. Many Filipino prefer imported products rather than locally-made
ones, thinking that the quality is better if the product is made abroad.

Cultural Relativism

To avoid highlighting personal biases and assumptions in studying culture,

sociologists have endeavored to review other cultures as neither inferior nor
superior. This method is rooted in the idea of cultural relativism, or the practice of
viewing another culture by its own context rather than assessing it based on the
standards of one’s own culture. (Abulencia & Parernal 2016).

According to Abulencia & Parernal (2016). Cultural relativism requires an

1
open mind and enthusiasm to adapt to new cultures. An example is an American
traveler who encountered balut for the first time. Although told what balut is, the
tourist has never tried eating it before. Instead of being grossed out or terrified,
he/she may instill in mind that balut is just as edible as the burgers and corndogs
in his/her own country. He/she then tasted the delicacy to get acquainted with its
flavor. This is what cultural relativism is all about. To immerse oneself in another
culture in order to appreciate it fully.

Cultural relativism attempts to judge behavior according to its cultural

context. The principle that a person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by
others in terms of that individual’s own culture.

It has been said that ethnocentrism is natural for many people. The culture
that one has been brought up to has become the most natural culture. But if one
practices cultural relativism and detaches oneself from his/her own culture to see
more of another, the ethnocentrism is mitigated or become less severe. Cultural
relativism can be associated with the value of respect for another and his/her
culture.

The idea behind cultural relativism reminds every one of the importance of
cultural tolerance, especially in a globalized age where interaction is considered the
most important.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Differentiate Ethnocentrism from Cultural Relativism. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper.

Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism

Independent Assessment 1

Modified True or False. Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct otherwise change the underlined word or phrase. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1.Culture diversity happens when a person does not expect or accept

cultural differences
2.Rebel groups are a good example in subculture.
3.Geographical environment is characterized by certain limitations
such as limited food, limited source of energy, and other delimiting
factors of the people’s environment.
4.Imperialism is the most common precursor to directed change.
5.Culture is a group of people bound together in a more or less
permanent association organized for collective activity.

1
Independent Activity 2

Find the words from the box below running in different possible directions
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and encircle them to complete the given word
hunt. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

WORD HUNT

Subculture Acculturation Ideal Counter-culture

Ethnocentrism Relativism Diffusion Real Culture
Cultural Universal

Independent Assessment 2

MATCHING TYPE. Match the terms in column A with their meanings found in
Column B. Write the letters of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMB B
1. Requires an open mind and enthusiasm to
a. Amalgation
adapt to new cultures
2. Influenced by other cultures b. Assimilation
3. When a person does not expect or accept
cultural differences c. Counterculture

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 4. Deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural
d. Cultural Imperialism
belief on another culture
5. It is a perception that arises from the fact that
cultures differ and each culture defines reality e. Cultural Relativism
differently.

6. It is a culture with values and mores that run

f. Cultural Universe
counter to those of established society.

7. It preserves one’s heritage amidst globalization

is now a challenge posed to each and everyone g. Culture Shock
of us.

8. It is essential to note that all cultures share

patterns or traits that are quite common to all h. Direct Change
societies across the globe.

9. We must be open to cultural different from

ours and be interactive to any people in as i. Ethnocentrism
much all of us are citizens of the world.
10. Refers to the free borrowing and modification
of cultural elements and occurs when people of j. Incorporation
different cultures maintain contact as well as
political and social self-determination k. Real Culture

l. Xenocentrism

Independent Activity 3

PICTURE COLLAGE: Draw or cut-out pictures that show ethnocentrism and

cultural relativism. Draw or cut-out and paste them on a separate sheet of paper.

1
 What I Have Learned

Fill out the KWL chart below with the information you have heard, discussed, and
learned. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

K W L
What do you know What do you What have you
about this topic? want to know learned about this
Cultural
about this topic? topic? (you must
Variations
answer this after
reading the lesson)

Ethnocentrism

Cultural
Relativism

1
 What I Can Do

ESSAY. Read the following items and answer them in complete sentences. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Is there such as superior and inferior culture? Explain.

2. How does culture and behaviour related? Give specific examples to prove your
answers.

3. How would you differentiate ethnocentrism and cultural relativism?

1
4. Why is it that every person has a tendency to become ethnocentric?

Rubric:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Most of the Some of the
Organization All ideas were Ideas were
ideas were ideas are
and clarity organized and unorganized
organized and organized and
of thought clearly and not clearly
clearly clearly
(30%) articulated articulated
articulated articulated
Reflections/
Most of the Some of the
realizations Realizations
Depth (50%) realizations realizations
were all were shallow
were profound were profound
profound
One to three Four to six More than 7
No grammatical
grammatical grammatical grammatical
Grammar error and no
errors and errors and errors and
and spelling misspelled
misspelled misspelled misspelled
word
words words words

1
 Assessment

JUMBLED LETTERS. Arrange the jumbled letters to reveal the hidden words.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

MIALIWL MUSREN 1. He provided a technical term for viewing one’s ethnicity

UURLALTC VITMSARLE (ethno) in the center of all cultures (centrism).

2. It refers to the practice of viewing another culture by its

own context rather than assessing it based on the
standards of one’s own culture.

UIURLNATOCTA 3. This refers to the distinguished on the basis of

the conditions under which cultural contact and change
take place.

LREA UCLTERU 4. It includes the values and norms that are actually
followed by a culture.

UCLTARUL DITYERVIS
5. Each culture has its distinct features and characteristics.
GEGEOR KCODROM
6. He discovered that cultural universals often revolve
around basic human survival or around shared human
experience.

CULTARUL INTINOTAGRE
7. It refers to the cultural traits that are logically consistent
with one another or simply neutral to one another.

CORAONINROP TI 8. It refers to the free borrowing and modification of

cultural elements and occurs when people of different
cultures maintain contact as well as political and social
self-determination.
NOIASSALIMIT
9. It is a foreign culture does not necessarily make you
disloyal or less nationalistic to your home country.

GLEAOCGIRHAP ENNTMEIVNOR
10. It refers to the characterized by certain limitations such
as limited food, limited source of energy, and other
delimiting factors of the people’s environment.

EMTSTINRCTEN 11. It pertains to the belief that one’s native culture is

superior to or the most natural among other cultures.

1
CENNEOZTIRSM 12. It has an opposite relative or the belief that one culture
is inferior to another.

EDILA TLURUEC 13. It involves an idealized, uncompromising value system

that dictates perfect behavior.

LARUTLUC MSILAIREPMI
14. A person imposes his/her own culture upon another
person with intentions to help him/her detach from
what the former thinks is an essentially inferior culture.
ERLA TUCUREL
15. It involves an adaptable value system that is used
mostly as a set of guidelines for preferred behaviors.

Additional Activities

ESSAY. Read the statement below and then discuss your answer. It should be
composed of at least three paragraphs. Write your essay on a separate sheet of
paper.

You are invited as a guest speaker for a certain event where the participants come
from different places of different cultures. The topic assigned to you is religious
beliefs and practices. Your task is to make a speech whereas you are comparing
your religious beliefs and practices with the participants’ own without being biased.

2
Rubrics:
Criteria 4 3 2 1

Most of the Some of the

Organization All ideas were Ideas were
ideas were ideas are
and clarity organized and unorganized
organized and organized and
of thought clearly and not clearly
clearly clearly
(30%) articulated articulated
articulated articulated

Reflections/
Most of the Some of the
realizations Realizations
Depth (50%) realizations realizations
were all were shallow
were profound were profound
profound

No One to three Four to six More than 7

grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
Grammar
error and no errors and errors and errors and
and spelling
misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled
word words words words

2
Answer Key

2
References
Abulencia, A. S., Parernal, R. S., Social Dynamics. A worktext on Understanding
Culture Society and Politics. Brilliant creation Publishing, Inc.2016.

Aguilar, M. V. G., et. al. Society, Culture and Politics. An Introductory Text for Senior
High School. Phoenix Publishing House. 2016.
Baleña, E. D., Lucero, D. M., Peralta, A. M. Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics. Cubao, Quezon City. Educational Resources Corporation. 2016.

Erin Long-Crowell. Perceptions of Culture: Ideal Culture and Real Culture,

Ethnocentrism, & Culture Relativism. Retrived from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/perceptions-of-culture-idealculture-
and-real-culture-ethnocentrism-culture-relativism.html

In Touch Community Services Providing Counseling in the Philippines. Retrieve

from https://www.in-touch.org/covid-19-community

Our Lady of Fatima University. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Workbook for Senior High School. 2016.