10th Science -2023

ALL IMPORTANT GIVE REASON AND

WHY TYPE QUESTIONS
Give reason\why type questions and answers.

1.Why is the Tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps?

Because, Tungsten is a metal with very high melting point(3380C) and they also don’t
oxidise at high temperatures.

2.Why are the conductors of electric heating devices, such as bread toaster and electric
irons, made of an alloy rather than a pure metal?

Conductors of electric heating devices are made up of alloy which has high melting point
so that it can be heated to large temperatures without melting.

3.Why is series arrangement not used for domestic circuits?/ Parallel connection is used
in domestic circuits over series connection. Why?

In Series connection the total resistance will always become maximum and voltage also
gets divided. If one appliance is switched off then all appliances stop working in series
connection. Hence, Parallel connection is preferred in domestic circuits over series
connection.

4.How does the resistance of series vary with its cross-section?

Resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area which means as the area of cross
section increases ,resistance decreases and vice versa.

5.Why are copper and aluminium wires usually employed for electricity transmission?

Copper and aluminium have low resistivity and are good conductors of electricity.

6.Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does?

The heater’s heating element is made up of an alloy that has very high resistance ,so when
current flows through the heating element ,it becomes too hot and glows red. But the cord’s
resistance ,which is usually made of copper of aluminium is low ,so it does not glow.

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7. Why does a compass needle show deflection when brought near a current carrying
conductor?

Due to the production of magnetic field around the current carrying conductor

8.Why don’t two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?

Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other because there cant be two directions of
magnetic field at any one point.

9.Why is earth wire necessary?

We use appliances which are made up of metal bodies. The accidental leakage of electricity
in appliances which are made up of metal bodies can be avoided by using earth wire which
provides a low resistance path for the leaked current.

10.A student connects a boiler to 15A circuit. Is he correct?

No, he is not correct as water boiler requires more electric current and when he connected to
lower energy circuits, overloading can takes place and damage the heater.

11.An electric fuse is rated at 2A. What does it mean?

It means if we pass electricity more than 2A ,the fuse will melt and break the circuit and
avoid short circuit .

12.Why do we use power supply of two different current ratings at our home?

Electrical appliances having different powers, draw different amount of current when
connected to the mains. Some need small currents whereas ,the other appliances need heavy
currents. Hence, we need two different current ratings at our home.

13.Why do we prefer convex mirror for rear view mirrors in vehicles?

Convex mirrors are preferred because, they always give an erect image and also this mirrors
give the driver to view much larger area than would be possible with a plane mirror.

14.Power of lens is +2D.What is the meaning of this?

This means the lens used or prescribed by doctor would be convex lens.

(-2D means Concave lens)

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15.The Magnification of plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?

The object height and image height of plane mirror is always same and we get an erect
image. Hence, the magnification of plane mirror is +1.

16.The refractive index of diamond is 2.42.What is the meaning of this?

The speed of light decreases by 2.42 times than the speed of light in air .More the refractive
index ,more the optical density and hence speed of light reduces

17.”Bio gas is boon to farmers ”.How?

In bio gas plant 75% of methane is produced which can be used for lighting .The slurry left
over are excellent manure ,rich in nitrogen and phosphorous.

18.Why are we looking for alternate sources of energy?

Because the conventional sources like fossils fuels are non renewable and are not
environmental friendly. So, its important for us to look into various alternate renewable and
environmental friendly sources of energy.

19.Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

If we don’t paint ,the iron articles undergoes corrosion. Painting iron articles protects iron
articles from getting exposed to air and moisture.

20.Oils and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?

Oil and fats when exposed to air and moisture gets oxidised and they become rancid and
their smell and taste change. Therefore, to protect the food items nitrogen is flushed during
the packing.

21.Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

A magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning because to remove the layer of
magnesium oxide ,so it can readily burn in air

22.Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when iron nail is dipped in
it?

Iron displaces copper from solution of copper sulphate because iron is more reactive than
copper. Therefore, copper sulphate solution colour changes from blue to pale green.

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23.Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

When sour substances like curd are kept in brass or copper vessels ,the lactic acid in curd
reacts with metals which leads to the corrosion of the vessels as well as the formation of
harmful salts that cannot be consumed.

24.Dry HCL gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper. Give reasons.

In dry state, HCL gas does not give any H+ ions. It does not behave as an acid.

25.Though the compounds such as glucose and alcohol have, hydrogen atoms in their
molecule yet they are not categorised as acids. Why?

Acids are those which have H+ ions in aqueous medium. Alcohol and glucose do contain
hydrogen but they don’t ionise to produce H+ ions in aqueous medium. Hence, glucose and
alcohol cannot be categorised as acids.

26.In a bakery ,baking powder was not added while preparing cake. The cake so
obtained was hard and small in size. What is the reason for this?

The reason for hardness of bread is absence of baking powder .Baking powder when added
releases carbon dioxide gas, which gets trapped in the wet dough and bubbles out slowly
making the cake to rise and hence ,soft and spongy.

27.Why does distilled water not conduct electricity ,whereas rain water does?

Distilled water don’t have salts or ions which conduct electricity. But, Rain water has some
salts and ions mixed with it which helps in electricity conduction.

28.Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain why?

By absorbing moisture, POP( Plaster of Paris) can change into hard mass (gypsum),so it
must be stored in moisture proof container.

29.While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to
water and not water to the acid?

If water is added to acid, exothermic reaction take place causing local heating and breakage.

30.Why does tooth decay start when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5?

pH of 5.5 creates an acidic environment which corrodes the tooth and causes decay

31.Sodium metal is stored under kerosene oil. Give reason.

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Sodium is a highly reactive metal. It can catch fire if kept open. Hence ,sodium must be kept
under kerosene oil.

32.Inspite of being highly reactive, aluminium is still used for making utensils. Give
reason

Due to high reactivity of aluminium ,a thin layer of aluminium oxide is formed on it. This
protective layer of aluminium oxide prevents the metal from further corrosion. Hence,
aluminium can be used for making utensils.

33.Platinum,gold and silver are used to make jewellery .Give reason

It is because ,they don’t corrode. Hence ,do not lose their shine and lustre also.

34.Carbonates and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process
of extracting .Give reason

Carbonates and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of
extraction because it is easier to obtain metal from its oxide as compared with its sulphides
or carbonates ore.

35.Give reason why is copper used to make hot water tanks and not steel.

Copper does not react with either water or steam ,while iron corrodes. Copper is unaffected
by cold water, hot water and steam.

36.Atomic size increases down the group and decreases across the period. Why ?

On moving down the group, new shells are added. The nuclear charge is not enough to
reduce the size enough. So, the radius increases as we move down the group. On moving
across the period electrons are added therefore nuclear charge increases and atomic size
decreases.

37.Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state. Give reason

When ionic compounds are present in molten state ,the force of attraction between ions
become weak due to heating and therefore these ions conduct electricity

38 . Oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods are separate in the heart of mammals. Give
reason. / Why is human blood circulation called double circulation?

This allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen and also meet high energy needs of warm
blooded animals

39.Ventricles are thick walled. Give reasons/Ventricles have thick muscular walls than
atria.

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Because ,Ventricles have to pump blood throughout the body during respiration. The blood
is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure compared to atria.

40.Herbivorous have longer small intestine as compared to carnivores .Give reason.

Herbivorous consume plant and grass based food which is full of cellulose and digestion of
cellulose takes long time. Hence, herbivorous have longer small intestine as compared to
carnivorous.

41.Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?

Veins have thin walls because the blood flowing through them is no longer under pressure,
instead they have valves that ensure the blood flows in one direction only.

42.During exercise ,the breathing rate is automatically enhanced. What is the reason
behind it?

During exercise, the body demands more energy and oxygen. To fulfil these demands ,the
breathing rate is automatically enhanced ,the heart beats faster, thus sending a greater
volume of oxygenated blood to the muscles.

43.Why is iodised salt advisable?

Iodine is necessary to make thyroxine hormone which regulates carbohydrates ,proteins and
fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for growth.

44.Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

Insulin regulates the sugar level in the blood. When this hormone is not produced in proper
amount then sugar level in the blood rises and the person suffers from diabetes. This is the
reason why diabetic patients are treated by giving injections of insulin.

45.Mucus is secreted along with HCL in stomach. Why ?

Mucus is secreted along with the HCL to protect the sensitive layers of the stomach.HCL is a
very strong acid it can dissolve even some metals in it so to save our stomach layer from
getting burned off the mucus is secreted along with HCL.

46.The folding up of leaves of a sensitive plant on touching with finger is not tropism.
Why?

The folding up of leaves in a sensitive plant on touching is not a tropism because it is a non
directional movement, means the direction of movement of leaves does not depend on the
direction of the stimulus.

47.Small intestine is the sight of Complete digestion. Why?

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The process of digestion is completed in small intestine and the food( Carbohydrates
,proteins and fats) is completely broken down into its respective constituents.

48.Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

This is because an acquired trait involves change in non-reproductive tissues which cannot
be passed on to next generation.

49.Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of
view of genetics?

The small number of members in a population of tigers do not allow large number of
variations to occur which are essential to survival of the species and their genes will be lost
forever.

50.Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self pollinating

plant species? Why or why not?

No, geographical isolation will not be a major factor in the speciation of self pollinating
plant species. Geographical isolation creates the separation of the population. It is because in
self-pollinating species ,new variants are not formed and they do not show any variation in
the population

51.Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that

reproduces asexually? Why or why not?

Yes, geographical isolation will be major factor in the speciation of an organism that
reproduces sexually. The geographical isolation of organism leads to change in gene
frequency leading to the expression of one type of traits in a geographically isolated
population.

52.Can a wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs?
Why or why not?

No, wing of bat and wings of butterfly should not be considered as homologous organs
because they have different structure and origin but have the same function of flying so they
are analogous organs.

53.Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size ,colour
and looks said to belong to the same species?

Because ,humans have similarities in the DNA sequence and similar genetic makeup. They
have same ancestor and can also reproduce among themselves.

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54. In Evolutionary terms ,can we say which among bacteria, spiders ,fish and
chimpanzees have a better body design? Why and why not?

No, we cannot say that there is a better body design as these organisms evolved according to
their needs to survive in the environment.

55.The flow of energy through food chain is unidirectional. Why?

The flow of energy through different steps in the food chain is unidirectional. This means
that energy captured by autotroph does not come back to the solar input and it passes to the
herbivores.

56.What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level?

If we kill all the organisms in one trophic level, the population of organisms in previous and
next trophic level will increase ,causing ecological imbalance

57.Why is excessive use of CFC’s a cause of concern?

When CFC’s reach upper layers of the atmosphere, they cause depletion of ozone layer ,and
allow harmful radiations to reach the surface of earth to create health problems.

58.Decomposers are not included in any food chain.

As decomposers like bacteria and fungi act on all trophic levels when the organisms
occupying that level dies.

59.How is rainbow formed?

After a rain-shower, the sunlight gets dispersed by tiny droplets, present in the atmosphere.
The water droplets acts like small glass prisms. They refract and disperse the incident
sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of the
raindrop. Due to dispersion of light and internal reflection, different colours reaches the
observers eye, which is called a rainbow

60. Lights of red colour are used for danger signals, Why?

Red colour has maximum wave length in the spectrum and they travel long and they scatter
the least .That is why they are used for danger signals.

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61. Why do stars appear to twinkle ?

Due to atmospheric refraction, position of star visible from sun, is slightly different from its
actual position. This apparent position of the star is not stationary, but keeps on changing
with change in physical condition on earths atmosphere. Since the stars are very distant, they
are approximately point-sized sources of light. As the path of rays of light coming from the
star goes on varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and the amount of
starlight entering the eye flickers the star sometimes appears brighter, and at some other
time, fainter, which is the twinkling effect.

62. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.

Planets do not emit light. However, they become visible due to reflection of light falling on
them. The planets are much closer to the earth and thus can be considered as the extended
source of light. The fluctuations in the light coming from various points of the planet due to
atmospheric refraction get averaged out. As a result, no twinkling of planets is seen

63.Give reason for each of the following:

(a) Advanced sun-rise
(b) Delayed sun-set

The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise, and about 2 minutes after
the actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction.

64.Why is the colour of clear sky blue?

When sunlight passes the atmosphere, the fine particles in air scatter blue colour more
strongly than red. This scattered blue light enters our eye and the colour of clear sky appears
blue.

65. Give reasons for Reddish appearance of the sun at the sunrise or the sunset and (ii)
white appearance of the sun at noon when it is overhead.

At sun-rise and the sun-set, light from the sun passes through thicker layers of air and larger
distance in the earth’s atmosphere. As the red colour has longest wavelength hence, it is least
scattered by the air and dust particles. So, the sun appears reddish.

(ii) At noon, when sun is overhead, the distance to be travelled is least. All wavelengths are
scattered equally and hence sun appears white.

Document Prepared by Rajesh Bhat.P (Maths and

science teacher ,Bangalore

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